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Spa
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Oct
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4
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ims
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tes
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p
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n
s.
T
h
is
su
g
g
e
sts
th
e
n
e
e
d
fo
r
f
u
rth
e
r
i
n
-
d
e
p
th
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
in
t
h
o
se
a
re
a
s to
b
e
tt
e
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u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
th
e
u
n
d
e
rly
i
n
g
fa
c
to
rs.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Geo
g
r
ap
h
ically
weig
h
ted
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
GI
S
Pu
b
lic
h
ea
lth
n
u
tr
itio
n
Sp
atial
an
aly
s
is
Stu
n
tin
g
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Sy
lv
ia
An
jan
i
Facu
lty
o
f
Hea
lth
Scien
ce
,
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Dian
Nu
s
wan
to
r
o
Sem
ar
an
g
,
C
en
tr
al
J
av
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
s
y
lv
ia.
an
jan
i@
d
s
n
.
d
in
u
s
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Stu
n
tin
g
r
em
ain
s
a
m
ajo
r
g
lo
b
al
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
co
n
ce
r
n
,
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f
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tin
g
m
o
r
e
th
an
2
2
%
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f
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er
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ld
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ltin
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ter
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air
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p
m
en
t,
an
d
d
is
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s
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s
u
s
ce
p
tib
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[
1
]
.
T
h
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W
o
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ld
Hea
lth
Or
g
an
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(
W
HO)
class
if
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2
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en
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y
o
f
tar
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eted
i
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ter
v
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tio
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s
in
af
f
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r
eg
io
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s
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Stu
n
tin
g
r
em
ain
s
a
m
ajo
r
p
u
b
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h
ea
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ch
allen
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e
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
af
f
ec
tin
g
o
n
e
in
f
iv
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ch
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r
en
u
n
d
er
f
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[
2
]
.
N
atio
n
al
d
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s
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o
wed
a
p
r
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ce
o
f
2
4
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4
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in
2
0
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1
,
wh
ile
th
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2
0
2
2
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
Nu
tr
itio
n
al
Statu
s
Su
r
v
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(
SS
GI
)
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
C
en
tr
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J
av
a
h
ad
a
s
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p
r
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ce
o
f
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8
%,
s
till
ab
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v
e
th
e
W
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tar
g
et
o
f
<2
0
%.
Desp
ite
o
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g
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in
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ter
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Pro
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to
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to
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2
4
[
3
]
.
Pre
v
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u
s
s
tu
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h
av
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id
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tifi
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k
ey
d
eter
m
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p
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p
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im
p
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ta
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in
s
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to
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u
tr
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al
an
d
en
v
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o
n
m
e
n
tal
r
is
k
s
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
m
o
s
t
an
aly
s
es
r
ely
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
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b
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Hea
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Sci
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Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
1
,
M
ar
ch
20
26
:
1
7
9
-
1
89
180
g
lo
b
al
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
els
th
at
ass
u
m
e
u
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m
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elatio
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p
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ac
r
o
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s
r
eg
io
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s
,
p
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ten
tially
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v
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lo
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k
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g
s
u
b
s
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tial
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lev
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C
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ch
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at
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k
f
ac
to
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s
f
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g
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p
atially
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an
d
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th
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eter
o
g
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ca
n
o
b
s
cu
r
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cr
i
tical
lo
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atter
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c
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f
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tiv
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[
6
]
,
[
7
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.
Yet,
d
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r
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win
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p
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g
g
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r
ap
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ically
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r
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io
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(
GW
R
)
to
a
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aly
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s
tu
n
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eter
m
in
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ts
r
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m
ain
l
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ited
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esp
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th
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So
u
th
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s
t
Asi
an
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tex
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A
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ap
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to
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ate,
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o
s
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d
ies
h
a
v
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m
ap
p
ed
s
tu
n
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g
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f
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to
r
s
in
C
en
tr
a
l
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a
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s
in
g
GW
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.
Un
d
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o
g
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is
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cial,
as
i
n
ter
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o
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s
th
at
d
o
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t
co
n
s
id
er
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l
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k
b
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g
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m
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s
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ap
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lies
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to
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aly
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s
t
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g
r
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k
f
ac
t
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r
s
ac
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o
s
s
3
5
d
is
tr
icts
in
C
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J
av
a.
B
y
g
en
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atin
g
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s
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p
a
r
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ates,
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R
r
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atter
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th
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o
d
els.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
a
r
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
s
p
atially
ta
r
g
eted
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
ev
i
d
e
n
ce
-
b
ased
g
u
id
a
n
ce
f
o
r
p
o
li
cy
m
ak
er
s
in
d
esig
n
i
n
g
r
eg
io
n
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
tu
n
tin
g
r
ed
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
e
d
an
ex
p
lan
ato
r
y
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
d
esig
n
with
a
s
p
atial
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
in
g
GW
R
to
an
aly
ze
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
s
tu
n
tin
g
ac
r
o
s
s
all
r
eg
en
cies
an
d
cities
in
C
en
tr
al
J
av
a
Pro
v
in
ce
.
GW
R
wa
s
s
elec
ted
d
u
e
to
its
ab
ilit
y
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
s
p
atial
h
eter
o
g
en
eity
,
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
lo
ca
l
p
a
r
am
eter
esti
m
ates
th
at
v
ar
y
a
cr
o
s
s
r
eg
en
cies
an
d
cities,
th
er
eb
y
allo
win
g
f
o
r
a
m
o
r
e
d
etailed
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
o
p
u
latio
n
in
clu
d
ed
all
3
5
r
eg
en
cies
an
d
cities,
with
f
u
ll
s
am
p
lin
g
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
m
p
lete
s
p
atial
co
v
er
a
g
e.
Seco
n
d
ar
y
d
ata
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
C
en
tr
al
J
av
a
Pro
v
in
cial
Statis
tic
s
A
g
en
cy
an
d
th
e
C
en
tr
al
J
av
a
Hea
lth
Pro
f
ile
(
2
0
2
3
)
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
s
tu
n
tin
g
p
r
ev
al
en
ce
,
m
ater
n
al
an
d
c
h
ild
h
ea
l
th
in
d
icato
r
s
,
h
ea
lth
s
er
v
ices
,
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
v
a
r
iab
le
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
d
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
h
ea
lth
i
n
d
icato
r
s
.
Stu
n
tin
g
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
as
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
ch
ild
r
e
n
u
n
d
er
f
iv
e
with
HAZ
<
–
2
SD.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
at
m
ater
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
in
clu
d
ed
ch
r
o
n
ic
en
e
r
g
y
d
ef
icien
cy
(
C
E
D)
,
d
ef
in
ed
as
p
r
eg
n
an
t
wo
m
en
with
a
B
MI
<
1
8
.
5
k
g
/m
²,
an
d
ir
o
n
s
u
p
p
lem
en
tatio
n
(
≥
9
0
tab
lets
)
,
d
ef
in
ed
as
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
ir
o
n
ta
b
lets
f
o
r
≥
9
0
d
ay
s
.
Hea
lth
s
er
v
ice
asp
ec
ts
co
m
p
r
is
ed
th
e
f
ir
s
t
an
d
f
o
u
r
th
an
ten
atal
ca
r
e
(
ANC)
v
is
its
an
d
th
e
co
v
er
a
g
e
o
f
co
m
p
lete
ch
ild
im
m
u
n
i
za
tio
n
s
.
I
n
f
a
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
we
r
e
as
s
ess
ed
b
y
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
lo
w
b
ir
th
weig
h
t
(
L
B
W
)
,
<
2
.
5
k
g
)
an
d
ex
cl
u
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
f
o
r
in
f
an
t
s
ag
ed
0
-
6
m
o
n
t
h
s
.
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
wer
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
ac
ce
s
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
ed
s
an
itatio
n
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
d
r
in
k
in
g
wate
r
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
5
]
,
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
GW
R
an
aly
s
is
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cted
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
er
ies o
f
s
y
s
te
m
atic
s
tep
s
.
T
h
e
in
itial
s
tep
in
v
o
lv
ed
d
ata
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
s
tu
n
tin
g
d
ata
an
d
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les,
as
well
as
th
e
clea
n
in
g
o
f
o
u
tlier
s
an
d
in
co
n
s
is
ten
t
d
ata.
Var
iab
le
s
elec
tio
n
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
s
tep
wis
e
g
lo
b
al
o
r
d
in
ar
y
least
s
q
u
ar
es
(
OL
S)
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
,
ass
ess
in
g
c
h
an
g
es in
AI
C
an
d
Ad
ju
s
ted
R
²;
v
ar
iab
les th
at
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
m
o
d
el
f
it a
n
d
ex
h
ib
ite
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
S
p
a
tia
l a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f stu
n
tin
g
r
is
k
fa
cto
r
s
in
C
en
tr
a
l J
a
va
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
:
A
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ica
lly
…
(
S
y
lvia
A
n
ja
n
i)
181
p
o
ten
tial
s
p
atial
v
ar
iatio
n
wer
e
r
etain
ed
,
w
h
ile
ir
r
elev
a
n
t
o
r
g
lo
b
al
ly
h
o
m
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
v
a
r
iab
les
wer
e
ex
clu
d
e
d
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
in
v
o
lv
ed
th
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
k
er
n
el
ty
p
e
an
d
b
a
n
d
wid
th
,
s
elec
tin
g
eith
e
r
f
ix
ed
o
r
a
d
ap
tiv
e
k
er
n
els
,
an
d
id
en
tif
y
in
g
th
e
o
p
tim
al
b
an
d
wid
th
th
r
o
u
g
h
cr
o
s
s
-
v
alid
atio
n
(
C
V)
to
m
in
im
iz
e
th
e
co
r
r
ec
ted
AI
C
(
AI
C
c)
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
GW
R
m
o
d
el
was
th
en
ex
ec
u
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
elec
ted
v
ar
iab
les
to
o
b
tain
lo
ca
l
p
ar
am
eter
esti
m
ates
(
β)
f
o
r
ea
ch
r
eg
en
cy
/city
.
Mo
d
el
ev
alu
ati
o
n
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
lo
ca
l
an
d
g
lo
b
al
R
²,
in
s
p
ec
tin
g
r
esid
u
als
f
o
r
p
o
ten
tial
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
er
r
o
r
s
,
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
es
to
ass
e
s
s
m
o
d
el
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
s
tep
in
v
o
lv
ed
th
e
in
t
er
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
r
esu
lts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
th
em
atic
m
ap
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
v
ar
iab
le,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
p
at
ial
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
s
tu
n
tin
g
,
an
d
th
e
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
p
o
te
n
tial
co
n
f
o
u
n
d
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
m
ay
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
p
atial
p
atter
n
s
.
All
an
aly
s
es
wer
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
R
Stu
d
io
,
wh
ich
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
s
tati
s
tical
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
s
p
atial
an
aly
s
is
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
th
is
an
aly
s
is
h
as
lim
itatio
n
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
d
u
e
to
r
elian
ce
o
n
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
d
ata
an
d
its
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
,
wh
ich
r
estricts
d
ata
q
u
ality
co
n
t
r
o
l
an
d
ca
u
s
al
in
f
er
en
ce
;
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
s
tu
d
ies
o
r
m
ix
ed
-
m
et
h
o
d
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ar
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Resul
t
3
.
1
.
1
.
Sp
a
t
ia
l dis
t
ributio
n o
f
s
t
un
t
ing
prev
a
lence
in Ce
ntr
a
l J
a
v
a
(
2
0
2
3
da
t
a
)
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
s
tu
n
tin
g
p
r
ev
alen
ce
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
llecte
d
d
ata
is
p
r
e
s
en
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
at
r
eg
io
n
s
with
in
C
en
tr
al
J
av
a
Pro
v
in
ce
a
r
e
p
r
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
tly
class
if
ied
as
h
av
in
g
a
h
i
g
h
p
r
e
v
alen
ce
(
1
0
%
-
1
4
%),
with
1
5
d
is
tr
icts
/cities
f
allin
g
in
to
th
is
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
Sp
atial
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
r
th
er
in
d
icate
s
th
at
ar
ea
s
with
v
er
y
h
ig
h
p
r
e
v
al
en
ce
(
≥
1
5
%)
,
s
u
ch
as
B
r
eb
e
s
,
T
eg
al,
B
an
y
u
m
as,
B
an
jar
n
eg
ar
a,
W
o
n
o
s
o
b
o
,
Ma
g
elan
g
,
a
n
d
Ma
g
elan
g
C
ity
,
s
h
ar
e
s
im
ilar
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
n
am
ely
r
eg
io
n
s
ab
u
n
d
a
n
t
in
wate
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
in
s
ev
er
al
r
em
o
te
v
illag
es,
wat
er
q
u
ality
r
em
ain
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
t
co
n
ce
r
n
d
u
e
to
co
n
tam
in
atio
n
a
n
d
lim
ited
ac
c
ess
to
im
p
r
o
v
ed
s
an
itatio
n
f
ac
i
liti
es.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
s
u
ch
as
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
in
Pu
r
wo
jati
Su
b
d
is
tr
ict,
B
an
y
u
m
as
Dis
tr
ict,
C
en
tr
al
J
av
a.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
r
e
v
ea
led
th
at
6
8
.
4
%
o
f
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
h
a
d
p
o
o
r
s
an
itatio
n
,
9
2
%
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
ad
eq
u
ate
waste
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t,
a
n
d
6
8
.
9
%
r
el
ied
o
n
n
o
n
-
p
l
u
m
b
in
g
wate
r
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
was
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
th
e
h
e
ig
h
t
-
f
o
r
-
ag
e
z
-
s
co
r
es
b
ased
o
n
latr
in
e
h
y
g
ien
e
(
p
=
0
.
0
3
2
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
latr
in
e
clea
n
lin
ess
was
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
s
tu
n
tin
g
p
r
ev
ale
n
ce
[
1
2
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
a
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
in
B
r
eb
es
also
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
u
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
latr
in
es
an
d
u
n
tr
ea
ted
d
r
in
k
in
g
wate
r
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Fig
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Sp
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***
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3
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1
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3
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G
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ased
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183
T
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co
v
er
a
g
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o
f
ir
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s
u
p
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lem
en
tatio
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lets
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o
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t w
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g
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m
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ests
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lets
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co
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y
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y
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Ho
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a
f
ew
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is
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icts
ex
h
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ite
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n
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r
ly
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tr
al
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s
lig
h
tly
p
o
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e
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ec
ts
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wh
ich
m
ay
r
ef
lect
ex
ter
n
al
u
n
ac
co
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ted
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f
o
r
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
.
L
B
W
in
f
an
ts
wer
e
also
f
o
u
n
d
to
h
a
v
e
a
s
tr
o
n
g
a
n
d
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n
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is
ten
t
p
o
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itiv
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ass
o
ciatio
n
with
s
tu
n
tin
g
,
with
co
ef
f
icien
t
v
alu
es f
r
o
m
0
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to
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1
3
9
a
n
d
a
m
ed
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o
f
0
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1
1
8
.
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h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
ea
c
h
1
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cr
ea
s
e
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
L
B
W
in
f
an
ts
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
an
ap
p
r
o
x
im
at
e
0
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1
1
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% in
cr
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s
e
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An
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n
ex
p
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f
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d
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s
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b
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s
tf
ee
d
in
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,
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s
h
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p
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s
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s
h
ip
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ith
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(
c
o
ef
f
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ts
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g
in
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9
,
m
e
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ian
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.
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h
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s
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g
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ests
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at
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clu
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s
tf
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d
in
g
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ag
e
was
p
ar
ad
o
x
ically
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
0
.
0
7
%
i
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cr
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ad
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ater
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p
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s
t
-
6
m
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s
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p
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tial
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in
ac
cu
r
ac
ies.
A
s
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p
ar
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x
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o
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n
d
in
t
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ca
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s
s
to
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icien
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5
(
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ed
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ap
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ately
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p
ly
in
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at
a
1
% in
cr
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n
ac
ce
s
s
to
im
p
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r
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ce
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was
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k
e
d
to
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0
.
3
0
%
in
cr
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s
e
in
s
tu
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.
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h
is
co
u
n
ter
in
tu
iti
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elatio
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s
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ip
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ay
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tem
f
r
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m
d
is
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ep
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cies b
etwe
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ad
m
in
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ativ
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d
ef
in
e
d
“
s
af
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r
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d
its
ac
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al
m
icr
o
b
io
lo
g
ical
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u
ality
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r
d
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e
to
o
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er
lap
p
i
n
g
s
o
cio
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o
n
o
m
ic
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ln
er
a
b
ilit
ies.
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o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
an
itati
o
n
c
o
n
s
is
ten
tly
s
h
o
wed
a
p
r
o
t
ec
tiv
e
ef
f
ec
t,
with
all
co
ef
f
ici
en
ts
b
ein
g
n
eg
ativ
e
(
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
-
0
.
2
3
8
to
-
0
.
1
7
4
,
m
ed
ian
-
0
.
1
9
7
5
)
.
T
h
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l p
r
em
is
e
th
at
ac
ce
s
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
an
itatio
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
in
f
e
ctio
u
s
d
is
ea
s
es
an
d
ch
r
o
n
ic
u
n
d
e
r
n
u
tr
itio
n
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
a
1
%
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
im
p
r
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v
e
d
s
an
itat
io
n
co
v
er
ag
e
was
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
s
tu
n
t
in
g
p
r
ev
alen
ce
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
0
.
2
0
%.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
p
atially
s
en
s
itiv
e
p
o
licy
m
ak
in
g
,
as
th
e
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
o
f
s
tu
n
tin
g
ex
h
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it
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lo
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l
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iatio
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.
H
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ce
,
a
u
n
if
o
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m
,
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n
e
-
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ize
-
f
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all
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licy
a
p
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o
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.
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
lo
ca
l
GW
R
co
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f
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t e
s
tim
ates
o
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s
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g
r
is
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f
ac
to
r
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in
C
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tr
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a
(
2
0
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3
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ata)
V
a
r
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a
b
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M
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st
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e
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Dis
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u
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atially
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ates
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atter
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ig
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th
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er
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im
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o
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ically
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r
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ter
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n
if
o
r
m
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licy
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3
.
2
.
1
.
Sp
a
t
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na
l
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f
t
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CE
D
a
m
o
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preg
na
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m
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n
B
ased
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Fig
u
r
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3
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a)
,
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e
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ically
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ted
r
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ates
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ig
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ated
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ar
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av
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in
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Ma
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ately
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(
a)
(
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Fig
u
r
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.
Geo
g
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ap
h
ically
weig
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ted
r
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io
n
o
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n
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g
r
is
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ac
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r
e
d
icted
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o
d
el
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
(
a)
C
E
D,
(
b
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o
n
s
u
p
p
lem
en
tatio
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(
≥
9
0
tab
lets
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(
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L
B
W
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f
an
t,
(
d
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x
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r
ea
s
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e)
ac
c
ess
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s
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d
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f
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ce
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s
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r
o
v
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d
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r
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k
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g
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r
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e
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cial
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n
cr
ea
s
e
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E
D
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ass
o
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ate
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4
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e
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ce
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ater
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ain
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o
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eter
m
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ild
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te
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ec
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ize
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elativ
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o
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h
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i
n
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n
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ten
t
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io
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ical
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em
o
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atin
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ater
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er
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air
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ly
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ir
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[
1
5
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.
Mo
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I
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S
p
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C
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o
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I
:
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4
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p
=
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2
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[
1
4
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.
Acc
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m
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latin
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th
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icate
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th
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ater
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ig
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ates
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s
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tially
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ig
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I
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8
3
;
p
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8
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[
1
6
]
-
[
1
8
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
s
p
atial
v
ar
iatio
n
in
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E
D
r
ef
lects
u
n
d
er
ly
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g
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tr
u
c
tu
r
al
d
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p
ar
ities
ac
r
o
s
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eg
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d
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ig
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lig
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ts
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e
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ee
d
f
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r
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io
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-
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p
ec
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ic,
life
-
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r
s
e
-
b
ased
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
.
3
.
2
.
2
.
Sp
a
t
ia
l a
na
ly
s
is
o
f
t
he
i
ro
n
s
up
p
lem
ent
a
t
io
n
(
≥
9
0
t
a
blet
s
)
B
ased
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
,
t
h
e
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ically
weig
h
ted
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
o
f
s
tu
n
tin
g
r
is
k
f
ac
t
o
r
s
as
p
r
ed
icted
m
o
d
el
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
o
f
ir
o
n
s
u
p
p
lem
en
tatio
n
(
≥
9
0
tab
lets
)
,
co
v
er
a
g
e
o
f
ir
o
n
s
u
p
p
lem
en
ta
tio
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
n
eg
ativ
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
with
s
tu
n
tin
g
p
r
e
v
alen
ce
in
n
ea
r
ly
all
r
eg
io
n
s
.
L
o
ca
l
c
o
ef
f
icien
ts
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
-
0
.
0
9
8
to
0
,
with
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
p
r
o
tectiv
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
in
wester
n
C
en
tr
al
J
av
a,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
B
r
eb
es,
T
eg
al
C
ity
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T
e
g
al,
Pem
alan
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alo
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g
an
,
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g
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ity
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Pu
r
b
a
lin
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g
a
,
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m
as,
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d
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ilaca
p
.
I
n
th
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d
is
tr
icts
,
a
1
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in
cr
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s
e
in
ir
o
n
s
u
p
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lem
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tatio
n
co
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er
ag
e
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
0
.
0
7
8
-
0
.
0
9
8
%
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
in
s
tu
n
tin
g
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r
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alen
ce
.
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av
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a
1
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s
e
in
ir
o
n
s
u
p
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n
tatio
n
co
v
e
r
ag
e
at
th
e
p
r
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v
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cial
lev
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r
r
es
p
o
n
d
s
to
a
0
.
0
2
8
%
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
s
tu
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tin
g
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alen
ce
.
T
h
is
s
p
atial
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
ir
o
n
s
u
p
p
lem
en
tatio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
is
co
n
tex
t
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t
a
n
d
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
lo
ca
l
a
d
h
er
e
n
ce
an
d
b
aselin
e
an
e
m
ia
b
u
r
d
e
n
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
s
tu
d
ies
f
r
o
m
lo
w
-
an
d
m
id
d
le
-
in
co
m
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
s
p
atial
clu
s
ter
in
g
o
f
ad
h
e
r
en
ce
to
ir
o
n
s
u
p
p
lem
en
tatio
n
am
o
n
g
p
r
e
g
n
an
t
wo
m
e
n
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
E
v
id
e
n
ce
f
r
o
m
So
u
th
Asi
a
in
d
icate
s
th
at
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
≥
1
2
0
i
r
o
n
ta
b
lets
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
eg
n
an
cy
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
1
4
%
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
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tu
n
tin
g
r
is
k
,
wh
ile
in
Nep
al,
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
at
least
9
0
tab
lets
b
e
f
o
r
e
o
r
b
y
th
e
s
ix
th
m
o
n
t
h
o
f
p
r
eg
n
an
c
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
tu
n
tin
g
r
is
k
b
y
2
3
%
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
ir
o
n
s
u
p
p
l
em
en
tatio
n
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
with
o
t
h
er
m
ater
n
al
h
ea
lth
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
r
ed
u
ce
a
n
em
ia,
lo
w
b
ir
th
weig
h
t,
an
d
c
h
ild
h
o
o
d
s
tu
n
tin
g
[
2
3
]
.
A
b
i
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
ir
o
n
d
e
f
i
cien
cy
an
em
ia
a
n
d
s
tu
n
tin
g
h
a
s
also
b
ee
n
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
[
2
4
]
.
3
.
2
.
3
.
Sp
a
t
ia
l a
na
ly
s
is
o
f
t
he
L
B
W
B
ased
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
c)
,
th
e
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ically
weig
h
ted
r
eg
r
ess
i
o
n
o
f
s
tu
n
tin
g
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
as
p
r
ed
icted
m
o
d
el
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
o
f
L
B
W
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ased
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u
r
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3
(
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,
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e
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e
o
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ap
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ically
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3
3
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3
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3
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ased
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o
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itiv
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co
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f
icien
t
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n
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r
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0
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3
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m
ed
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o
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ap
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ately
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ab
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icate
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th
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cr
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im
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ig
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co
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icien
ts
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e
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b
s
er
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ed
in
n
o
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th
er
n
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en
tr
al
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av
a,
in
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g
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alan
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alo
n
g
an
,
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atan
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d
al,
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ar
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g
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ity
,
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ak
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ep
a
r
a,
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d
u
s
,
an
d
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h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
ass
o
ciat
io
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
etwe
en
ac
ce
s
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
d
r
i
n
k
in
g
wate
r
a
n
d
s
tu
n
tin
g
p
r
ev
alen
ce
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
m
ay
r
ef
lect
a
d
is
cr
ep
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cy
b
etwe
en
th
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
“im
p
r
o
v
ed
”
wate
r
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
th
e
ac
t
u
al
m
icr
o
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io
lo
g
ical
s
af
ety
o
f
t
h
e
wate
r
co
n
s
u
m
ed
.
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o
u
g
h
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
u
ch
as p
ip
ed
wate
r
,
p
r
o
tecte
d
wells,
o
r
h
an
d
-
p
u
m
p
s
ar
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
im
p
r
o
v
ed
,
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
d
r
in
k
in
g
wate
r
co
n
tam
i
n
ated
with
en
ter
ic
p
ath
o
g
en
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
E
s
ch
erich
ia
co
li
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
tly
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
tu
n
tin
g
an
d
u
n
d
er
n
u
tr
itio
n
in
ch
ild
r
en
u
n
d
er
f
iv
e
,
p
o
in
tin
g
to
th
e
in
a
d
eq
u
ac
y
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
class
if
icatio
n
s
al
o
n
e
as
m
ea
s
u
r
es
o
f
s
af
ety
.
I
n
a
lar
g
e
m
u
lti
-
co
u
n
tr
y
an
aly
s
is
,
ch
ild
r
en
f
r
o
m
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
with
E
.
co
li
-
co
n
tam
in
a
ted
wate
r
h
ad
a
2
.
3
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
-
p
o
in
t
h
ig
h
er
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
b
ein
g
s
tu
n
ted
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
o
s
e
with
u
n
c
o
n
tam
i
n
ated
wate
r
[
3
5
]
.
Sy
s
tem
atic
ev
id
en
ce
f
u
r
th
er
i
n
d
icate
s
th
at
m
icr
o
b
io
lo
g
ical
co
n
tam
in
atio
n
o
f
d
r
in
k
i
n
g
wa
ter
is
a
k
e
y
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
s
tu
n
tin
g
,
as
r
ec
u
r
r
en
t
en
te
r
ic
in
f
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
d
iar
r
h
o
ea
ca
n
im
p
air
n
u
t
r
ien
t
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
ch
r
o
n
ic
u
n
d
er
n
u
tr
itio
n
[
3
6
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
s
t
u
d
ies
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
m
icr
o
b
io
lo
g
ically
co
n
tam
in
ated
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
d
r
i
n
k
in
g
wate
r
was
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
h
ig
h
er
r
is
k
o
f
s
tu
n
tin
g
,
ev
en
wh
e
n
ch
em
ical
co
n
tam
in
an
ts
wer
e
with
in
ac
ce
p
tab
le
lim
its
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est th
at
ex
p
an
d
in
g
co
v
er
a
g
e
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
d
r
in
k
i
n
g
wate
r
alo
n
e
m
ay
b
e
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
r
ed
u
c
e
s
tu
n
tin
g
r
is
k
with
o
u
t
en
s
u
r
in
g
wate
r
s
af
ety
at
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
u
s
e
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
d
ir
ec
t
wate
r
q
u
ality
ass
es
s
m
en
t
an
d
i
n
teg
r
ated
wa
ter
,
s
an
itatio
n
,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
i
n
ter
v
en
t
io
n
s
.
4
.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
s
p
atial
h
eter
o
g
en
eity
in
t
h
e
d
ete
r
m
in
an
ts
o
f
s
tu
n
t
in
g
ac
r
o
s
s
d
is
tr
icts
in
C
en
tr
al
J
av
a,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
ad
d
ed
v
alu
e
o
f
Ge
o
g
r
ap
h
ically
W
eig
h
ted
R
eg
r
es
s
io
n
f
o
r
u
n
c
o
v
er
in
g
lo
ca
lized
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
th
at
ar
e
o
b
s
cu
r
ed
in
g
l
o
b
al
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
n
o
v
el
em
p
ir
ical
ev
id
en
ce
th
at
k
ey
n
u
tr
itio
n
a
n
d
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
-
r
elate
d
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
at
er
n
al
ch
r
o
n
ic
en
er
g
y
d
ef
icien
c
y
,
lo
w
b
ir
th
weig
h
t,
s
an
itatio
n
,
ex
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
,
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
d
r
in
k
in
g
wate
r
,
ex
er
t
s
p
atially
v
ar
y
i
n
g
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
s
tu
n
tin
g
p
r
ev
alen
ce
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
ter
r
it
o
r
ially
ta
r
g
eted
n
u
tr
itio
n
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
p
o
licies
r
ath
er
th
an
u
n
if
o
r
m
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ad
o
x
ical
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
o
r
ex
clu
s
iv
e
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
wate
r
ac
ce
s
s
f
u
r
th
e
r
em
p
h
asize
th
e
n
ee
d
to
m
o
v
e
b
ey
o
n
d
co
v
er
ag
e
in
d
icato
r
s
to
war
d
ass
ess
m
en
ts
o
f
m
ate
r
n
al
n
u
tr
itio
n
,
co
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
f
ee
d
in
g
p
r
ac
tices,
a
n
d
wate
r
s
af
ety
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
lim
ited
b
y
its
cr
o
s
s
-
s
e
ctio
n
al
d
esig
n
an
d
r
elian
ce
o
n
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
ag
g
r
eg
ate
d
d
ata,
wh
ich
p
r
ec
lu
d
e
ca
u
s
al
in
f
er
en
ce
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
s
h
o
u
ld
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
d
at
a,
d
ir
ec
t
wate
r
q
u
ality
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
an
d
in
d
iv
id
u
al
-
lev
el
n
u
tr
itio
n
in
d
ic
ato
r
s
to
b
etter
in
f
o
r
m
s
p
atially
tailo
r
ed
s
tu
n
tin
g
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
s
t
r
ateg
ies.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Hea
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Sci
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N:
2252
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8
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4
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.
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2
2
]
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.
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.
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.
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