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rica
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Science
Vo
l.
41
,
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.
3
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Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
,
p
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i
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912
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is
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se
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e
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g
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o
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d
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lar
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b
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se
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a
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e
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rd
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e
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irt
u
a
l
re
p
li
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ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
p
h
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a
l
-
d
ig
it
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l
two
-
wa
y
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h
r
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n
iza
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n
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h
e
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m
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se
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m
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R²
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9
4
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1
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imp
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o
f
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AIo
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a
n
d
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se
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to
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a
ti
o
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d
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e
l
fa
rm
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g
.
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h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
fra
m
e
wo
rk
p
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v
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s
a
p
re
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ise
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a
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a
n
d
su
sta
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a
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l
e
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ti
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th
e
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m
e
n
t
o
f
m
o
d
e
rn
a
q
u
a
c
u
lt
u
re
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Dig
ital twin
I
o
T
s
en
s
in
g
L
STM
p
r
ed
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n
Mu
d
less
ee
l f
ar
m
in
g
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
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u
to
m
atio
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ar
t a
q
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Mu
h
am
m
ad
Fer
d
ian
s
y
ah
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
I
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d
u
s
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ial
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u
s
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3
3
,
L
am
p
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o
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m
ail: f
er
d
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d
@
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m
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co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Dig
ital
tr
an
s
f
o
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m
atio
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th
r
o
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g
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I
o
T
,
ed
g
e
co
m
p
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g
,
ar
tific
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tellig
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AI
)
,
an
d
r
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-
tim
e
an
aly
tics
h
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ch
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g
ed
th
e
p
a
r
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m
o
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a
q
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
to
war
d
s
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
au
to
m
ated
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
m
o
s
t
s
m
ar
t
aq
u
ac
u
l
tu
r
e
im
p
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s
to
d
a
y
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r
e
s
till
r
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ctiv
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lim
ited
to
b
a
s
ic
m
o
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ito
r
in
g
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l,
d
e
v
o
id
o
f
ad
eq
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ate
p
r
ed
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d
s
im
u
lativ
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ca
p
ab
ilit
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f
o
r
r
is
k
-
b
ased
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
in
g
[
3
]
–
[
5
]
.
T
h
is
lim
itatio
n
b
ec
o
m
es c
r
itic
al
wh
en
ap
p
lied
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ltiv
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tem
s
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y
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ar
r
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w
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tal
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ce
,
s
u
ch
as m
u
d
-
f
r
ee
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l c
u
ltiv
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n
[
6
]
–
[
9
]
.
I
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
m
u
d
-
f
r
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f
ar
m
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is
g
r
o
win
g
r
a
p
id
ly
d
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e
t
o
its
s
p
ac
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ef
f
icien
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a
n
d
h
y
g
ien
e
[
1
0
]
.
Ho
wev
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,
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tally
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if
f
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t
b
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b
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h
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itiv
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m
etab
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m
s
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p
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t
o
ch
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th
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icr
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v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Sm
all
f
lu
ctu
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n
s
in
d
is
s
o
lv
ed
o
x
y
g
e
n
(
DO)
,
am
m
o
n
ia
(
NH₃
)
,
tem
p
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at
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r
e
,
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d
t
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r
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id
ity
ca
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m
e
d
iately
tr
ig
g
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s
tr
ess
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
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ap
p
etite,
an
d
ev
en
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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d
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J
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E
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g
&
C
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m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
o
T
-
en
a
b
le
d
d
ig
ita
l tw
in
w
ith
r
en
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b
le
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h
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h
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aq
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ac
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o
m
m
o
d
ities
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
s
tatic
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
r
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s
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r
e
t
h
e
s
tab
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o
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m
u
d
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f
r
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ar
m
i
n
g
en
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ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
At
th
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s
am
e
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im
e,
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ten
s
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ied
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f
ar
m
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g
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eq
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ir
es
co
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tin
u
o
u
s
ae
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atio
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cu
latio
n
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d
f
iltra
tio
n
o
p
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s
,
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at
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ir
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tly
im
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n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
s
ts
[
1
3
]
.
Dep
en
d
en
ce
o
n
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
elec
tr
icity
u
n
d
e
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m
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o
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o
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ic
e
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tr
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o
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ically
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e
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f
s
m
ar
t
au
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a
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le
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y
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l
f
ar
m
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s
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im
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b
o
th
in
f
ield
p
r
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d
in
s
cien
tific
s
tu
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ies.
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en
d
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n
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n
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er
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ically
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atio
n
an
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
in
ee
l f
ar
m
i
n
g
is
s
till
m
in
im
al,
b
o
th
in
f
ield
p
r
ac
tice
an
d
in
s
cien
tific
s
tu
d
ies.
I
n
th
is
c
o
n
tex
t,
d
ig
ital
twin
(
DT
)
h
as
v
er
y
h
ig
h
s
tr
ateg
ic
v
alu
e.
Un
lik
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
,
DT
n
o
t
o
n
ly
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
d
ata
,
b
u
t
also
b
u
ild
s
d
y
n
am
ic
v
ir
tu
al
r
ep
licas
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
r
e
al
-
tim
e
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
,
s
im
u
latio
n
,
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
[
1
4
]
–
[
1
6
]
.
Alt
h
o
u
g
h
it
h
as
b
ee
n
wid
ely
ap
p
lied
i
n
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
ec
to
r
[
1
7
]
,
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
DT
in
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
is
s
till
lim
ited
to
f
is
h
an
d
s
h
r
im
p
[
4
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
o
d
ate,
th
e
r
e
is
n
o
DT
m
o
d
e
l
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
f
o
r
m
u
d
-
f
r
ee
ee
l
f
ar
m
in
g
,
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
th
is
s
y
s
tem
h
as
u
n
iq
u
e
b
io
lo
g
ical
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
d
y
n
am
ics.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
g
ap
is
b
ec
o
m
in
g
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
l
y
ap
p
ar
en
t
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
lac
k
o
f
a
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
a
t
in
teg
r
ates
DT
,
AI
o
T
,
an
d
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
in
to
a
s
in
g
le
in
t
eg
r
ated
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
ee
l
f
a
r
m
in
g
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
th
e
t
wo
-
way
p
h
y
s
ical
-
v
ir
tu
al
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
DT
en
ab
les
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e,
r
at
h
er
th
an
r
ea
ctiv
e,
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
[
1
9
]
,
th
at
is
cr
u
cial
in
s
y
s
tem
s
b
y
r
ap
id
b
io
l
o
g
ical
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
es
s
u
ch
as e
els.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
g
ap
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
AI
o
T
-
b
ased
i
n
teg
r
ated
DT
m
o
d
el
an
d
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
mud
-
f
r
ee
ee
l
f
ar
m
in
g
,
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
wate
r
q
u
ality
p
r
ed
ictio
n
,
co
n
tr
o
l
ac
tio
n
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
,
an
d
en
er
g
y
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
x
p
l
icitly
an
s
wer
s
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
C
an
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
DT
im
p
r
o
v
e
w
ater
q
u
ality
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
in
m
u
d
-
f
r
ee
ee
l
f
ar
m
in
g
?
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
in
clu
d
e:
(
i
)
th
e
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
DT
s
p
ec
if
i
ca
lly
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
mud
-
f
r
ee
ee
l
f
ar
m
in
g
;
(
ii
)
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
o
T
,
p
r
ed
icti
v
e
m
o
d
elin
g
,
au
to
m
atio
n
,
an
d
s
o
lar
en
e
r
g
y
in
to
a
s
in
g
le
in
teg
r
ated
s
y
s
tem
;
(
iii
)
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
a
p
h
y
s
ical
-
v
ir
tu
al
two
-
way
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
p
r
ec
is
io
n
co
n
tr
o
l;
an
d
(
iv
)
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
wate
r
q
u
ality
s
tab
ilit
y
,
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
ee
l su
r
v
i
v
al
r
ates.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
co
n
d
u
cted
at
a
s
m
all
s
ca
le
o
f
p
o
n
d
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
an
d
3
0
-
d
ay
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
,
s
u
ch
th
at
s
ea
s
o
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
s
an
d
wh
o
le
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
c
y
cles
ar
e
n
o
t
in
c
lu
d
ed
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
d
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
s
o
u
n
d
b
asis
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
d
esig
n
o
f
an
ee
l
cu
ltu
r
e
s
y
s
tem
b
y
m
o
r
e
p
r
e
cisi
o
n
,
ad
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
Ov
er
all,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
f
ir
m
s
t
h
at
DT
is
n
o
t
m
e
r
ely
a
tech
n
i
ca
l
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
b
u
t
a
s
tr
at
eg
ic
n
ec
ess
ity
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
i
lity
in
m
u
d
-
f
r
ee
ee
l
f
ar
m
in
g
in
th
e
er
a
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
d
esig
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
an
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
r
esear
ch
m
o
d
el
co
m
b
in
ed
b
y
a
s
y
s
tem
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
ch
o
s
en
to
en
ab
le
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
d
esig
n
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
a
n
d
e
v
alu
ati
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
DT
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
I
o
T
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
an
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
in
a
m
u
d
-
f
r
ee
ee
l
f
ar
m
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
a
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
an
d
s
eq
u
e
n
tial
m
an
n
er
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
test
in
g
,
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
v
alid
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
t in
clu
d
ed
:
−
I
n
s
tal
latio
n
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
wate
r
q
u
ali
ty
p
ar
am
eter
s
;
−
C
r
ea
tio
n
o
f
a
DT
,
t
h
at
r
ep
licat
es th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
s
y
s
tem
in
to
a
v
ir
tu
al
m
o
d
el;
an
d
−
I
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
u
tili
zin
g
s
o
lar
p
an
els
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
I
o
T
d
ev
ices a
n
d
ac
tu
ato
r
s
.
2
.
2
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
a
rc
hite
ct
ure
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
m
ain
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
n
am
ely
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
lay
er
,
t
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
lay
er
,
th
e
DT
la
y
er
,
a
n
d
th
e
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
&
AI
e
n
g
in
e
lay
er
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
es
e
f
o
u
r
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
p
er
ate
in
an
in
teg
r
ated
w
o
r
k
f
lo
w
th
at
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
:
d
a
ta
a
c
q
u
is
itio
n
→
d
a
ta
tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
→
virt
u
a
l
r
ep
lica
tio
n
→
p
r
ed
ictive
a
n
a
lytics
→
s
ystem
co
n
tr
o
l
.
T
h
i
s
in
ter
lin
k
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
ac
ilit
a
tes
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
its
d
ig
ital
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
t,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
an
d
a
d
ap
tiv
e
a
u
to
m
atio
n
.
T
h
is
tig
h
tly
co
u
p
led
s
y
s
tem
,
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e,
a
n
d
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
p
r
o
v
id
es
r
ea
l
tim
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
iz
atio
n
am
o
n
g
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
a
q
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
i
ts
d
ig
ital
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
t,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
f
u
lly
in
te
g
r
ated
ad
a
p
tiv
e
au
t
o
m
ated
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
ate
d
wo
r
k
f
lo
w
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
am
o
n
g
th
e
f
o
u
r
lay
er
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
41
,
No
.
3
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
9
1
2
-
923
914
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sy
s
tem
a
r
c
h
itectu
r
e
2
.
2
.
1
.
P
hy
s
ica
l
l
a
y
er
(
I
o
T
h
a
rdwa
re
)
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
lay
er
in
clu
d
es
th
e
m
ain
h
ar
d
war
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
d
ata
ac
q
u
i
s
itio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
in
th
e
I
o
T
-
b
ased
m
u
d
-
f
r
ee
ee
l
f
ar
m
in
g
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
u
n
i
ts
u
s
ed
in
clu
d
e
p
H
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
DS1
8
B
2
0
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
DO
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
tu
r
b
id
ity
s
en
s
o
r
s
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
ese
s
en
s
o
r
s
wer
e
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
t
h
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
m
o
n
ito
r
cr
u
cial
wate
r
q
u
ality
p
a
r
am
eter
s
th
at
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
t
ee
l
s
u
r
v
i
v
al,
p
a
r
ticu
la
r
ly
in
mud
-
f
r
ee
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
ar
e
h
ig
h
ly
s
en
s
itiv
e
to
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
is
also
eq
u
ip
p
e
d
b
y
ac
tu
ato
r
s
c
o
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
a
wate
r
p
u
m
p
to
m
ai
n
tain
cir
cu
latio
n
,
an
ae
r
ato
r
to
m
ain
tain
DO
lev
els,
an
d
an
au
t
o
m
atic
f
ee
d
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
s
ch
ed
u
led
f
ee
d
i
n
g
.
All
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
ac
tu
ato
r
s
a
r
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
an
E
SP
3
2
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
t
h
at
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
th
e
m
ain
ed
g
e
d
e
v
ice
f
o
r
o
n
-
s
ite
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
T
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
o
p
er
ati
o
n
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
ates
a
3
0
0
W
p
s
o
lar
p
an
el,
MPPT
ch
ar
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
an
d
L
iFePO₄
b
atter
y
as
an
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
u
n
it
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
b
y
th
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ates c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
f
o
r
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
b
y
o
p
tim
al
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
2
.
2
.
2
.
Co
nn
ec
t
iv
it
y
l
a
y
er
T
h
e
b
ac
k
b
o
n
e
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
is
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
la
y
er
,
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
es
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
am
o
n
g
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
DT
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
MQ
T
T
is
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
f
o
r
q
u
ick
an
d
lig
h
tweig
h
t
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
th
u
s
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
I
o
T
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
r
illi
n
g
o
f
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e.
R
asp
b
er
r
y
Pi
-
b
ased
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
d
ev
ices
ar
e
u
s
ed
t
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
d
ata
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
d
ata
s
m
o
o
th
in
g
,
an
d
an
o
m
aly
d
etec
tio
n
b
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
d
ata
is
f
o
r
war
d
e
d
to
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
s
er
v
e
r
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
is
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
s
tr
ateg
y
r
e
d
u
ce
s
laten
c
y
,
m
i
n
im
izes
clo
u
d
n
etwo
r
k
lo
ad
,
an
d
in
c
r
ea
s
es
v
ir
tu
al
r
ep
licati
o
n
s
p
ee
d
,
en
ab
lin
g
m
o
r
e
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
in
teg
r
atio
n
a
m
o
n
g
p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
th
e
DT
m
o
d
el.
2
.
2
.
3
.
Dig
it
a
l
t
win la
y
er
T
h
e
DT
lay
er
is
d
esig
n
e
d
u
s
in
g
a
p
latf
o
r
m
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
d
y
n
am
ic
s
im
u
latio
n
,
an
d
two
-
wa
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
am
o
n
g
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
th
eir
v
ir
tu
al
m
o
d
els.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
Un
ity
was u
s
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
an
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
v
ir
tu
al
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
a
m
u
d
-
f
r
ee
ee
l f
ar
m
in
g
p
o
n
d
.
T
h
e
DT
in
teg
r
ates f
o
u
r
m
ai
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
n
am
el
y
:
−
R
ea
l
-
tim
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
th
at
en
ab
les
a
1
:1
r
ep
licatio
n
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
wate
r
q
u
ality
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
ac
tu
ato
r
s
tatu
s
,
an
d
en
er
g
y
u
s
ag
e.
−
W
ater
q
u
ality
p
r
ed
ictio
n
m
o
d
el
,
th
at
u
tili
ze
s
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
to
p
r
e
d
ict
k
e
y
p
a
r
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
p
H,
DO,
an
d
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
b
ased
o
n
h
is
to
r
ical
I
o
T
d
ata.
−
E
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
th
at
en
ab
les
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
d
aily
en
er
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
b
a
s
ed
o
n
ac
tu
ato
r
ac
tiv
ity
p
atter
n
s
an
d
s
o
lar
p
an
el
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
th
e
r
eb
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
en
er
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
em
en
t.
−
Vir
tu
al
co
n
tr
o
l
test
in
g
,
t
h
at
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
im
u
latio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
test
in
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ac
tio
n
s
b
ef
o
r
e
th
ey
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
er
eb
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
r
is
k
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
af
ety
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
au
to
m
atio
n
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
2
.
2
.
4
.
D
a
t
a
p
ro
ce
s
s
ing
a
nd
A
I
e
ng
ine
Data
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
o
r
g
an
ize
d
in
to
f
o
u
r
s
tag
es,
n
am
ely
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
d
a
ta
clea
n
in
g
,
m
o
d
el
tr
ain
in
g
,
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
v
alid
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ataset
w
as
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
o
v
er
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
3
0
d
ay
s
,
th
at
in
cl
u
d
ed
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
r
ec
o
r
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
wate
r
q
u
ality
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
ac
tu
at
o
r
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
h
e
r
aw
d
ata
was
th
en
clea
n
ed
to
r
e
m
o
v
e
an
o
m
alies,
n
o
is
e
,
an
d
m
is
s
in
g
v
alu
es
b
ef
o
r
e
b
ei
n
g
u
s
ed
in
th
e
m
o
d
el
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
o
T
-
en
a
b
le
d
d
ig
ita
l tw
in
w
ith
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
erg
y
fo
r
s
u
s
ta
in
a
b
le
mu
d
less
…
(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
F
erd
ia
n
s
ya
h
)
915
T
h
r
ee
AI
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
n
am
el
y
r
an
d
o
m
f
o
r
est,
lo
n
g
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
m
em
o
r
y
(
L
STM
)
,
an
d
gr
ad
ien
t
b
o
o
s
tin
g
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
,
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
f
o
r
th
eir
s
tr
o
n
g
ab
ilit
y
to
h
an
d
le
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
tim
e
s
er
ies
d
ata.
T
h
ese
m
o
d
els
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
ed
ict
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
p
H,
DO
,
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
th
at
ar
e
v
e
r
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
s
u
r
v
iv
al
o
f
ee
ls
.
Mo
d
el
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
was
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
m
ea
n
ab
s
o
lu
te
er
r
o
r
(
MA
E
)
,
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
(
R
MSE
)
,
an
d
m
ea
n
a
b
s
o
lu
te
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
er
r
o
r
(
MA
PE)
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
p
r
ed
ictio
n
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
m
o
d
el
s
ta
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
s
en
s
itiv
ity
to
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
.
2
.
3
.
P
r
o
ce
du
re
s
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ev
en
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
in
teg
r
ated
s
tag
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
an
b
y
th
e
in
s
tallatio
n
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
in
m
u
d
-
f
r
ee
ee
l
p
o
n
d
s
f
o
r
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
Nex
t,
th
e
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
is
in
teg
r
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ata
lo
g
g
in
g
,
e
d
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
an
d
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
p
h
y
s
ical
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
a
DT
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ata
m
a
p
p
in
g
an
d
v
ir
tu
al
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
3
0
-
d
a
y
d
ataset
is
th
en
u
s
ed
to
t
r
ain
a
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
to
p
r
ed
ict
wate
r
q
u
ality
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
also
in
teg
r
ates
a
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
m
o
d
u
le
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
an
d
s
o
lar
p
an
el
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Nex
t,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
s
tem
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
b
y
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
to
ass
ess
r
ep
licatio
n
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
s
tag
e
in
v
o
lv
es
v
alid
atin
g
t
h
e
DT
u
s
in
g
p
r
ed
ictio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
m
etr
ics,
d
ata
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
q
u
ality
,
an
d
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
o
f
a
u
t
o
m
ati
c
co
n
tr
o
l to
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
ch
a
n
g
es
.
2
.
4
.
E
v
a
lua
t
i
o
n
m
et
rics
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
f
o
u
r
k
ey
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icat
o
r
s
d
esig
n
ed
to
ass
ess
o
v
er
all
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
es
s
.
First,
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
DT
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
R
MSE
,
MA
PE,
an
d
R
²
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
clo
s
en
ess
o
f
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
m
o
d
el
to
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
in
v
esti
g
ated
is
s
u
e
is
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
laten
cy
,
th
at
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
q
u
a
n
tify
in
g
th
e
ti
m
e
s
p
an
am
o
n
g
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
q
u
an
titi
es
an
d
th
o
s
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
t
o
in
th
e
n
u
m
er
ical
m
o
d
el;
s
h
o
win
g
its
r
eliab
ilit
y
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
ca
s
es.
T
h
ir
d
,
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
b
y
a
n
d
d
ev
o
id
o
f
ad
d
e
d
s
o
lar
p
an
el
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
to
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
L
astl
y
,
s
y
s
tem
in
er
tia
is
in
v
est
ig
ated
b
y
q
u
an
tify
in
g
t
h
e
r
ea
c
tio
n
tim
e
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
an
d
tan
g
ib
le
p
ar
ts
to
co
n
tr
o
l
c
o
m
m
an
d
s
alo
n
e
as
well
as
in
b
o
th
au
to
-
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
f
u
s
io
n
o
f
ac
tio
n
p
o
ten
ti
al
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
to
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
e
cisi
o
n
m
ak
in
g
.
2
.
5
.
Sens
o
r
ca
lib
ra
t
io
n pro
c
edures a
nd
a
cc
ura
cy
a
na
ly
s
is
Fo
r
d
ata
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
th
e
DT
s
y
s
tem
,
all
wate
r
q
u
ality
s
en
s
o
r
s
wer
e
ca
lib
r
ated
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
u
s
ed
wer
e
f
o
r
p
H,
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e,
DO
,
am
m
o
n
ia
(
NH₃)
an
d
tu
r
b
id
ity
.
C
alib
r
atio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
i
n
g
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
an
d
la
b
o
r
ato
r
y
r
e
f
er
en
ce
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es:
−
T
h
e
p
H
s
en
s
o
r
is
ca
lib
r
ated
u
s
in
g
p
H
4
.
0
0
,
7
.
0
0
,
an
d
1
0
.
0
0
b
u
f
f
e
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
(
t
h
r
ee
-
p
o
in
t
ca
lib
r
atio
n
)
at
a
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
2
5
°C
.
−
T
h
e
DO
s
en
s
o
r
was
ca
lib
r
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
atu
r
ated
air
ca
lib
r
a
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
a
n
d
v
al
id
ated
b
y
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
DO
m
eter
.
−
T
h
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
is
v
er
i
f
ied
u
s
in
g
a
ca
lib
r
ated
d
ig
ital t
h
er
m
o
m
eter
b
y
a
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
0
.
1
°C
.
−
T
h
e
am
m
o
n
ia
(
NH₃)
s
en
s
o
r
is
ca
lib
r
ated
u
s
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
NH₃
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
(
0
.
5
–
5
p
p
m
)
an
d
r
etested
u
s
in
g
a
co
lo
r
im
etr
ic
k
it a
s
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
−
T
h
e
tu
r
b
i
d
ity
s
en
s
o
r
was c
alib
r
ated
u
s
in
g
a
s
tan
d
a
r
d
f
o
r
m
az
i
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
(
0
–
1
0
0
0
NT
U)
.
E
ac
h
ca
lib
r
atio
n
p
o
in
t
is
r
ep
ea
ted
th
r
ee
tim
es
an
d
av
er
ag
e
d
to
m
in
im
ize
n
o
is
e.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
m
ar
g
in
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
MA
PE
an
d
R
MSE
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
if
all
s
en
s
o
r
s
s
h
o
w
MA
PE
<
5
%,
in
ac
co
r
d
a
n
ce
b
y
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
p
r
ec
is
io
n
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
R
ec
alib
r
atio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
ev
er
y
7
d
ay
s
to
an
ticip
ate
s
en
s
o
r
d
r
if
t
d
u
e
to
b
io
f
o
u
lin
g
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
ch
a
n
g
es.
T
h
is
ca
lib
r
atio
n
d
ata
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
b
as
is
f
o
r
p
h
y
s
ical
-
v
ir
tu
al
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
in
t
h
e
DT
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
t
h
e
v
ir
tu
al
m
o
d
el
ac
cu
r
ately
r
ef
lects a
ctu
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
2
.
6
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
Data
an
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
q
u
a
n
titativ
ely
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
r
e
e
m
ain
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
.
First,
m
u
ltiv
ar
iate
s
tatis
t
ical
an
aly
s
is
was
ap
p
lied
to
id
en
tif
y
p
atter
n
s
,
co
r
r
ela
tio
n
s
,
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
am
o
n
g
k
ey
wate
r
q
u
ality
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
p
H,
DO,
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
a
n
d
am
m
o
n
ia
(
N
H₃)
,
th
er
eb
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal
d
y
n
am
ics.
Seco
n
d
,
a
c
o
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
th
r
ee
o
p
er
atio
n
al
m
o
d
es,
n
a
m
ely
m
an
u
al
o
p
er
atio
n
,
I
o
T
-
b
ased
au
to
m
atio
n
,
a
n
d
f
u
ll
DT
in
te
g
r
atio
n
,
to
ev
alu
ate
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
in
ef
f
icien
cy
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ir
d
,
a
co
r
r
elatio
n
an
aly
s
is
am
o
n
g
wate
r
q
u
ality
p
ar
am
eter
s
a
n
d
ee
l
b
io
m
ass
g
r
o
wth
was
co
n
d
u
cted
t
o
d
ete
r
m
in
e
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
41
,
No
.
3
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
9
1
2
-
923
916
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
n
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
s
u
r
v
iv
al
r
ates.
Ov
er
all,
th
is
an
aly
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
DT
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
d
ata
-
d
r
i
v
en
d
e
cisi
o
n
-
m
ak
in
g
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3.
1
.
I
o
T
s
y
s
t
em
perf
o
rm
a
nc
e
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
was
o
p
er
ated
in
a
mud
-
f
r
ee
ee
l
f
ar
m
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
3
0
d
a
y
s
,
an
d
its
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
was
u
n
p
r
ed
ictab
le
in
s
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
er
io
d
(
T
ab
le
1
)
.
b
y
th
e
tr
en
d
s
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
d
ata
b
y
p
H,
t
em
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
DO
v
alu
e,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
it
ca
n
s
t
ab
ly
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
n
atu
r
al
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
c
h
an
g
e
d
y
n
am
ically
d
ev
o
id
o
f
lar
g
e
n
o
is
e
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e.
T
h
ese
cir
c
u
m
s
t
an
ce
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
at
d
e
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
AI
o
T
-
b
ased
s
en
s
o
r
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
f
o
r
wat
er
q
u
ality
,
lead
i
n
g
t
o
ea
r
l
y
war
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
ch
an
g
es
b
y
p
o
ten
tial
h
ar
m
f
u
l
ef
f
ec
t
t
o
war
d
s
ee
l
s
u
r
v
iv
al.
T
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
ac
q
u
ir
e
d
d
ata
is
an
in
d
icatio
n
th
at
th
e
p
r
esen
ted
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
f
u
n
ctio
n
u
n
d
e
r
a
n
in
ten
s
i
v
e
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
s
ettin
g
d
e
v
o
id
o
f
an
y
n
o
ticea
b
le
tech
n
ical
u
p
h
ea
v
als.
T
ab
le
1
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
d
ata
(
3
0
-
d
ay
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
p
er
io
d
)
D
a
y
pH
Te
mp
(
°
C
)
D
O
(
mg
/
L)
NH
3
(
mg
/
L)
Tu
r
b
i
d
i
t
y
S
o
l
a
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
(
W
h
)
En
e
r
g
y
u
se
(
W
h
)
S
u
r
v
i
v
a
l
(
%)
B
i
o
mass
(
g
)
1
6
.
6
2
6
.
8
5
.
2
0
.
2
2
42
1
2
5
0
1
4
5
0
98
12
2
6
.
6
2
7
.
1
5
.
3
0
.
2
0
41
1
3
0
0
1
4
3
0
98
12
3
6
.
7
2
7
.
3
5
.
4
0
.
1
9
40
1
5
5
0
1
4
0
0
98
13
4
6
.
7
2
7
.
0
5
.
5
0
.
1
9
38
1
4
0
0
1
3
8
0
98
13
5
6
.
8
2
7
.
2
5
.
6
0
.
1
8
37
1
5
0
0
1
3
7
0
98
13
6
6
.
8
2
7
.
4
5
.
7
0
.
1
7
36
1
8
0
0
1
3
5
0
98
14
7
6
.
8
2
7
.
3
5
.
8
0
.
1
6
35
1
6
5
0
1
3
4
0
98
14
8
6
.
9
2
7
.
5
5
.
9
0
.
1
5
34
1
7
0
0
1
3
3
0
98
15
9
6
.
9
2
7
.
6
6
.
0
0
.
1
5
33
1
7
5
0
1
3
2
0
98
15
10
6
.
9
2
7
.
7
6
.
2
0
.
1
4
33
1
8
0
0
1
3
0
0
98
16
11
7
.
0
2
7
.
8
6
.
2
0
.
1
3
32
1
8
2
0
1
2
8
0
98
16
12
7
.
0
2
7
.
6
6
.
4
0
.
1
3
31
1
8
5
0
1
2
7
0
98
17
13
7
.
0
2
7
.
4
6
.
3
0
.
1
2
30
1
8
8
0
1
2
7
0
98
17
14
7
.
0
2
7
.
5
6
.
4
0
.
1
2
29
1
9
0
0
1
2
6
0
98
18
15
7
.
1
2
7
.
7
6
.
5
0
.
1
1
27
1
9
5
0
1
2
5
0
98
19
16
7
.
1
2
7
.
8
6
.
6
0
.
1
1
26
2
0
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0
1
2
4
0
98
19
17
7
.
1
2
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32
Sen
s
o
r
ac
cu
r
ac
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was
ev
alu
ated
b
y
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m
p
ar
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An
aly
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o
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ataset
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led
th
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f
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g
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er
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r
m
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ce
ch
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ac
ter
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tics
:
−
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ig
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ated
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al
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ae
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tio
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n
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ics.
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e
esti
m
ated
er
r
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r
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d
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% is
s
till
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s
id
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th
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t
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le
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esh
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ld
f
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r
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r
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n
ito
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g
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T
h
e
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m
o
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ia
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en
s
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ates
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h
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ilit
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atio
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g
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icati
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itiv
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to
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h
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g
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at
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n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
.
−
T
h
e
tu
r
b
id
ity
s
en
s
o
r
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
a
g
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ad
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al
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ec
r
ea
s
e
b
y
4
2
t
o
1
8
NT
U,
r
ef
lectin
g
im
p
r
o
v
ed
wate
r
clar
ity
an
d
f
iltra
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t e
r
r
o
r
is
esti
m
ated
to
b
e
less
th
an
5
%.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
o
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b
le
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917
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ate
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m
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Ex
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I
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ter
p
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:
T
h
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s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
r
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lts
s
h
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ws
th
at
all
s
en
s
o
r
s
ac
h
iev
ed
a
MA
PE
v
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e
b
elo
w
5
%,
th
u
s
m
ee
tin
g
th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
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r
eq
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ir
em
en
ts
f
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r
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r
ec
is
io
n
a
q
u
ac
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ltu
r
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
−
T
h
e
p
H
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
s
h
o
w
th
e
h
ig
h
est
lev
el
o
f
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
th
at
is
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
in
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
e
els.
−
DO,
am
m
o
n
ia
(
NH₃)
,
an
d
tu
r
b
id
ity
s
en
s
o
r
s
m
ain
tain
ac
ce
p
tab
le
ac
cu
r
ac
y
d
esp
ite
n
atu
r
al
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
ae
r
atio
n
,
f
ee
d
r
esid
u
es,
an
d
m
icr
o
b
ial
ac
tiv
ity
.
−
So
lar
en
er
g
y
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
m
eter
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
ex
ce
llen
t
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
th
er
e
b
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
r
eliab
le
ev
alu
ati
o
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
in
s
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
au
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
an
I
o
T
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
in
t
eg
r
atin
g
ed
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
MQ
T
T
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
r
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v
id
i
n
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e,
r
eliab
le,
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d
r
o
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u
s
t
en
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ir
o
n
m
en
tal
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
m
a
k
in
g
it
h
ig
h
ly
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
b
y
DT
s
y
s
tem
s
.
3
.
1
.
1
.
M
o
nito
ring
re
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
T
h
e
3
0
-
d
ay
tr
en
d
a
n
aly
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
a
clea
r
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
al
s
tab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
cu
ltiv
atio
n
p
e
r
io
d
.
T
h
e
p
H
v
alu
e
g
r
a
d
u
all
y
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
6
.
6
to
7
.
3
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
tab
le
an
d
o
p
tim
al
wate
r
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
ee
l
cu
ltiv
atio
n
.
T
h
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
r
em
ain
ed
r
elativ
ely
co
n
s
tan
t
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
6
.
8
–
2
8
.
2
°C
,
r
ef
lectin
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
co
n
tr
o
l.
DO
s
h
o
wed
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
u
p
war
d
tr
en
d
,
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
a
n
o
p
tim
al
v
alu
e
o
f
7
.
4
m
g
/L
i
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
au
t
o
m
atic
ae
r
a
tio
n
co
n
t
r
o
l.
Am
m
o
n
ia
(
NH₃)
lev
els
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
b
y
0
.
2
2
to
0
.
0
4
m
g
/L,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
iv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
f
iltra
tio
n
an
d
cir
cu
latio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Similar
ly
,
tu
r
b
id
ity
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
s
tead
ily
b
y
4
2
to
1
8
NT
U,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
im
p
r
o
v
ed
s
u
r
v
iv
al
r
a
tes
an
d
ee
l
b
io
m
ass
g
r
o
wth
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
ea
l
-
tim
e
wate
r
q
u
ality
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
tr
en
d
s
o
v
er
30
d
ay
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
41
,
No
.
3
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
9
1
2
-
923
918
3
.
1
.
2
.
Co
nn
ec
t
iv
it
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
Netwo
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
was
e
v
alu
ated
u
s
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r
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m
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ased
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o
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ess
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er
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u
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e
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ate
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s
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h
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ate
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Dig
ital
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h
e
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r
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o
f
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b
y
ed
g
e
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m
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g
h
as
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r
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n
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en
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r
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g
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o
n
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t
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ata
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ality
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n
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
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e
n
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ir
o
n
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en
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Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Netwo
r
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p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
ev
alu
atio
n
3.
2
.
Dig
it
a
l
t
win im
plem
ent
a
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
T
h
e
DT
was
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
im
p
lem
en
ted
th
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o
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g
h
an
in
teg
r
ate
d
an
aly
tics
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ash
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o
ar
d
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d
a
U
n
ity
-
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ased
3
D
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im
u
latio
n
en
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ir
o
n
m
en
t
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
v
is
u
alizin
g
wate
r
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ality
d
y
n
am
ics
in
r
ea
l
tim
e
an
d
ac
cu
r
ately
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ep
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g
th
e
p
h
y
s
ica
l
s
y
s
tem
’
s
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
test
s
o
f
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
am
o
n
g
p
h
y
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ical
in
f
r
astru
ctu
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e
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d
v
ir
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al
m
o
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els
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
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ig
h
ly
r
esp
o
n
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iv
e
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e
s
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en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
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ar
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eter
s
,
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s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
av
e
r
ag
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
d
elay
r
a
n
g
es
b
y
0
.
8
to
1
.
4
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
wh
ich
is
s
till
wi
th
in
ac
ce
p
tab
le
lim
its
f
o
r
d
aily
a
q
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
o
p
er
ati
o
n
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
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aly
s
is
y
ield
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a
co
ef
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icien
t
o
f
0
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9
7
am
o
n
g
p
h
y
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ical
an
d
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ir
tu
al
d
ata
f
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ws,
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d
icatin
g
a
v
er
y
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ig
h
l
ev
el
o
f
co
n
f
o
r
m
ity
.
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h
is
lev
el
o
f
f
i
d
elity
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n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DT
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r
am
ew
o
r
k
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s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
r
ea
l
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tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
p
r
ed
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e
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aly
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i
s
,
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d
au
to
m
ate
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
in
m
u
d
-
f
r
ee
ee
l f
a
r
m
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Ph
y
s
ical
s
y
s
tem
Sy
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
v
s
.
Dig
ital
t
win
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
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esian
J
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n
g
&
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m
p
Sci
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SS
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2
5
0
2
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4
7
52
I
o
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le
d
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in
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ith
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le
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919
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ality
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o
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el
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ed
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s
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g
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ain
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d
r
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d
o
m
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o
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est
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eg
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iatio
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DO
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o
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r
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d
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a
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ce
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y
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alu
es
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f
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MSE
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1
4
;
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PE
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d
R
²
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4
,
co
m
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ar
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e
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an
d
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m
f
o
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est
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o
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el
th
at
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o
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u
ce
s
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9
; M
APE
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d
R
²
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2
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
L
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was
ch
o
s
en
as
th
e
m
ain
p
r
ed
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n
en
g
i
n
e
in
th
e
DT
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
co
n
tr
o
l
r
o
o
m
en
ab
les
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
test
in
g
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
ae
r
ato
r
an
d
p
u
m
p
ac
tiv
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n
,
b
ef
o
r
e
th
ey
a
r
e
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
s
tem
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
DT
is
ab
le
to
r
eliab
ly
p
r
ed
ict
wate
r
q
u
ality
tr
e
n
d
s
b
y
a
m
ar
g
in
o
f
er
r
o
r
o
f
less
th
an
5
%,
co
n
f
i
r
m
in
g
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
as
a
d
ec
is
io
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t to
o
l in
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
a
u
t
o
m
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
L
STM
Pre
d
ictio
n
v
s
.
Actu
al
d
ata
3.
3
.
Renew
a
ble
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g
y
perf
o
rm
a
nce
T
h
e
r
en
ewa
b
le
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er
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y
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y
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tem
ap
p
lied
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u
d
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f
r
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l
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ar
m
i
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g
in
s
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n
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co
n
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is
t
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o
f
3
0
0
W
p
s
o
lar
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an
els
an
d
L
iFePO₄
b
atter
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s
to
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ag
e
u
n
its
,
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at
wer
e
e
v
alu
ate
d
d
u
r
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g
a
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n
tin
u
o
u
s
3
0
-
d
a
y
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
er
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d
.
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
d
aily
s
o
lar
en
e
r
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
r
an
g
es
b
y
1
.
1
to
2
.
2
k
W
h
,
r
ef
l
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tin
g
v
ar
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n
s
in
s
u
n
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
ay
.
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n
c
o
m
p
ar
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n
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en
er
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n
s
u
m
p
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f
th
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o
T
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to
m
atio
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s
u
b
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y
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tem
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g
ed
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1
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1
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to
1
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4
5
k
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h
p
e
r
d
ay
,
i
n
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
s
o
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en
er
g
y
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w
as
f
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lly
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p
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le
o
f
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ee
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g
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al
e
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er
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ee
d
s
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elian
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o
n
e
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ter
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al
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o
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o
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r
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s
.
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h
e
e
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er
g
y
s
u
p
p
ly
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d
d
em
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d
b
alan
ce
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aly
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
in
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icate
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th
at
p
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k
e
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er
g
y
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r
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d
u
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n
o
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r
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d
u
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g
t
h
e
d
a
y
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wh
ils
t th
e
h
ig
h
est co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
wh
en
t
h
e
ae
r
ato
r
an
d
wate
r
p
u
m
p
o
p
er
ate
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
ly
a
n
d
s
y
s
tem
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
41
,
No
.
3
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
9
1
2
-
923
920
E
v
alu
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n
o
f
th
e
en
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g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
in
teg
r
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n
o
f
s
o
lar
p
an
els
r
esu
lts
in
o
v
e
r
all
en
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
o
f
5
4
–
6
7
%
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
elec
tr
icity
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
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h
e
co
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
s
o
lar
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an
els
is
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
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–
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in
lin
e
b
y
m
o
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er
n
p
h
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to
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o
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y
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er
f
o
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s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
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h
e
d
e
p
th
o
f
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
(
Do
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r
em
ain
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ar
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d
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th
at
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s
id
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o
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th
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ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
r
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g
e
to
en
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r
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a
b
atter
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life
o
f
m
o
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e
th
an
f
i
v
e
y
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r
s
.
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h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
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o
f
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en
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le
en
er
g
y
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n
o
t
o
n
ly
tech
n
ically
f
ea
s
ib
le,
b
u
t
also
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
en
e
f
its
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o
r
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
3.
4
.
Aut
o
m
a
t
io
n
o
utc
o
m
es
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
au
to
m
atio
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ae
r
at
o
r
s
,
wate
r
p
u
m
p
s
,
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au
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atic
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ee
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er
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ig
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r
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ilit
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d
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u
p
p
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r
ts
im
p
r
o
v
ed
ee
l
g
r
o
wth
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
r
ap
id
r
esp
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e
b
eh
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io
r
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y
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ato
r
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s
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e
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/L,
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to
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ee
l a
ctiv
ity
-
b
a
s
ed
s
ch
ed
u
le.
T
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
au
to
m
atio
n
o
n
wate
r
co
n
d
itio
n
s
is
v
er
y
cle
ar
,
r
ef
lecte
d
i
n
a
3
2
%
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
DO
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
,
a
2
8
%
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
am
m
o
n
ia
(
NH₃)
lev
els,
an
d
a
2
0
-
2
5
%
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
tu
r
b
id
ity
.
C
u
ltiv
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
h
as
also
im
p
r
o
v
ed
,
as
s
h
o
wn
b
y
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
s
u
r
v
iv
al
r
ates
b
y
7
8
%
to
9
1
%,
an
1
8
–
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3
%
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
g
r
o
wth
r
ates,
an
d
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t f
ee
d
in
g
p
atter
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
a
u
to
m
ated
s
y
s
t
em
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
DT
b
y
I
o
T
-
b
ased
a
u
to
m
atio
n
p
o
w
er
ed
b
y
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
h
as p
r
o
v
e
n
to
b
e
h
ig
h
l
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
i
n
im
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r
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v
i
n
g
o
p
e
r
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f
icien
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cin
g
p
h
y
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io
lo
g
ical
s
tr
ess
o
n
ee
ls
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d
lo
wer
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g
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
s
ts
in
s
m
ar
t a
q
u
a
cu
ltu
r
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
3
.
5
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
DT
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
m
u
d
-
f
r
ee
ee
l
f
ar
m
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
,
as
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
L
STM
m
o
d
el
b
y
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
(
R
²
=
0
.
9
4
)
is
a
b
le
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
m
ain
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
wate
r
q
u
ality
b
y
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
en
a
b
lin
g
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
m
an
ag
em
en
t
b
ef
o
r
e
cr
itical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
cc
u
r
.
R
ea
l
-
tim
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
am
o
n
g
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
v
ir
t
u
al
s
y
s
tem
s
,
m
ain
tain
ed
with
in
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
.
8
–
1
.
4
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
MQ
T
T
-
b
ased
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
an
d
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
in
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
r
a
p
id
c
o
n
tr
o
l
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
th
e
co
n
tin
u
ity
o
f
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
co
llectiv
el
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
im
p
r
o
v
ed
wate
r
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
s
u
r
v
iv
al
r
ates
o
f
u
p
to
9
1
%.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
r
ev
io
u
s
I
o
T
-
b
ased
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
th
at
lack
ed
v
ir
tu
a
l
r
ep
licatio
n
,
th
is
s
y
s
tem
o
f
f
er
s
ad
v
an
tag
es in
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
an
d
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
n
ess
[
2
6
]
–
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
f
u
r
th
e
r
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
s
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
n
ess
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
b
y
ac
h
iev
in
g
a
5
4
–
6
7
%
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
wh
ils
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
au
to
m
atio
n
.
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h
eo
r
etica
lly
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
ex
p
an
d
s
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
AI
o
T
in
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
b
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
s
en
s
in
g
,
p
r
ed
ictio
n
,
an
d
ac
tu
atio
n
in
to
a
s
in
g
le
in
teg
r
ated
DT
m
o
d
el.
Pra
ctica
lly
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th
is
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
m
all
-
s
ca
le
f
ar
m
er
s
an
d
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
in
s
tallatio
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
c
o
u
ld
in
clu
d
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
v
alid
atio
n
,
co
m
p
u
ter
v
is
io
n
-
b
ased
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
f
ee
d
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
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d
co
n
n
ec
ted
DT
s
f
o
r
m
u
lti
-
p
o
n
d
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t.
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
m
an
u
al,
I
o
T
,
a
n
d
Dig
ital
t
win
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
M
a
n
u
a
l
I
o
T
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
t
w
i
n
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
S
u
r
v
i
v
a
l
r
a
t
e
(
%)
78
85
91
En
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
su
m
p
t
i
o
n
(
W
h
/
d
a
y
)
2
.
8
0
0
1
.
8
0
0
1
.
2
0
0
-
1
.
4
5
0
En
e
r
g
y
s
a
v
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n
g
(
%)
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3
5
%
5
4
%
-
6
7
%
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
(
R
²)
-
0
,
8
2
0
,
9
4
(
LTS
M
)
S
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
l
a
t
e
n
c
y
(
s)
-
-
0
,
8
–
1
,
4
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
a
n
d
v
alid
ate
d
an
in
te
g
r
ated
DT
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
I
o
T
,
AI
,
an
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
m
u
d
-
f
r
ee
ee
l
f
ar
m
in
g
,
th
at
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
tly
im
p
r
o
v
ed
wate
r
q
u
ali
ty
s
tab
ilit
y
,
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
L
STM
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b
ase
d
p
r
e
d
i
ctio
n
m
o
d
el
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
(
R
²
=
0
.
9
4
;
MA
PE
<
5
%),
w
h
ils
t
p
h
y
s
ical
–
v
ir
tu
al
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
was
m
ain
tain
ed
b
y
lo
w
laten
cy
(
<
1
.
5
s
ec
o
n
d
s
)
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
r
elia
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
MQ
T
T
an
d
ed
g
e
co
m
p
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tin
g
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
p
r
ec
is
io
n
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e.
Qu
an
titativ
ely
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
is
ca
p
ab
l
e
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
iv
al
r
ate
o
f
ee
ls
b
y
7
8
%
(
b
aselin
e
m
an
u
al
s
y
s
tem
)
to
9
1
%,
o
r
an
ab
s
o
lu
te
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
1
3
%
in
th
e
s
u
r
v
iv
al
r
ate
,
alo
n
g
b
y
a
3
2
%
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
DO
f
lu
ctu
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n
s
,
a
2
8
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r
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u
ctio
n
in
a
m
m
o
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a
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an
d
a
2
0
–
2
5
%
im
p
r
o
v
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e
n
t
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g
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u
t
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g
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er
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y
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u
s
tain
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th
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y
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tem
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h
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lts
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ir
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tly
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r
ess
th
e
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ch
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ap
r
elate
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t
o
t
h
e
lack
o
f
a
s
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if
ic
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f
r
a
m
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k
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o
r
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f
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l
f
ar
m
in
g
,
as
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th
e
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o
f
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g
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atio
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am
o
n
g
DT
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AI
o
T
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an
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
in
a
u
n
if
ied
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
r
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ch
ex
p
an
d
s
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
o
f
DT
ap
p
licatio
n
in
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e,
th
at
was
p
r
ev
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u
s
ly
d
o
m
in
ated
b
y
f
is
h
an
d
s
h
r
im
p
co
m
m
o
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ities
,
i
n
to
th
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m
ai
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f
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at
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e
m
o
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e
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en
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itiv
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ch
ar
a
cter
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d
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v
ir
o
n
m
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y
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am
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ACK
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DG
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T
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h
e
au
th
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r
s
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ig
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t
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ch
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s
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u
m
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tal
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th
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NF
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