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ir
em
en
t
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
s
o
ciety
,
a
n
d
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
g
r
o
wth
i
n
d
em
an
d
r
esu
lts
in
p
er
s
is
ten
t
ch
an
g
es
i
n
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atin
g
p
atter
n
s
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
t
h
e
p
en
etr
atio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
to
tr
ad
itio
n
ally
f
o
s
s
il
-
b
ased
n
etwo
r
k
s
co
n
tin
u
es
to
in
cr
ea
s
e.
W
h
ile
th
i
s
t
r
an
s
itio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
b
jectiv
es,
th
e
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
v
a
r
iab
le
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
g
en
er
atio
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
ad
d
i
tio
n
al
co
m
p
lex
ities
in
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
s
tab
ili
ty
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
[
1
1
]
–
[
1
4
]
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
an
aly
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ev
al
u
ate
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
to
q
u
an
tify
th
e
p
r
o
x
im
ity
o
f
a
n
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
i
n
t
to
in
s
tab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
a
r
io
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
in
d
ices
[
1
5
]
–
[
1
7
]
.
Fo
r
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
in
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
s
u
ch
in
d
ices
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
to
im
p
lem
en
t
.
T
h
ese
in
d
icato
r
s
en
ab
le
s
y
s
tem
p
lan
n
er
s
an
d
o
p
er
ato
r
s
to
lo
ca
te
b
u
s
es
th
at
ex
h
ib
it
wea
k
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
an
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
te
d
n
etwo
r
k
.
I
n
p
r
i
n
cip
le,
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
i
lity
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
in
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
s
er
v
es
f
o
u
r
k
ey
p
u
r
p
o
s
es:
i
)
d
etec
tin
g
p
o
ten
tial
v
o
ltag
e
d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
s
,
ii
)
id
en
tify
in
g
t
h
e
em
er
g
en
ce
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
in
s
tab
ilit
y
,
iii
)
d
eter
m
in
in
g
v
u
ln
e
r
ab
le
o
r
wea
k
b
u
s
es
with
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
an
d
iv
)
p
in
p
o
in
tin
g
a
r
ea
s
wh
er
e
in
s
tab
ilit
y
is
lik
ely
to
d
ev
elo
p
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
u
tili
ze
s
o
p
e
r
at
io
n
al
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
7
8
-
b
u
s
So
u
th
er
n
Su
lawe
s
i
(
Su
lb
ag
s
el)
p
o
wer
n
etwo
r
k
to
ex
am
i
n
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
e
as
s
ess
m
en
t
i
s
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
tab
ilit
y
in
d
e
x
(
HSI
)
,
a
n
in
teg
r
ate
d
in
d
icato
r
t
h
at
co
m
b
in
es
th
e
lin
e
s
tab
ilit
y
in
d
ex
(
L
m
n
)
an
d
th
e
f
ast
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
in
d
ex
(
FVSI)
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
r
ef
in
e
d
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
s
y
s
tem
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
al
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
is
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
v
u
ln
er
ab
le
o
r
s
tab
ilit
y
-
cr
itical
b
u
s
es
with
in
th
e
Su
lb
ag
s
el
n
etwo
r
k
,
alo
n
g
with
an
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
h
o
w
th
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
o
f
win
d
p
o
wer
g
e
n
er
atio
n
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
b
eh
a
v
io
r
wh
en
win
d
p
o
wer
p
la
n
ts
ar
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
i
n
to
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
g
r
id
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
f
er
a
d
etailed
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
il
ity
an
d
elu
cid
ate
th
e
ex
ten
t
t
o
wh
ich
r
en
ewa
b
le
g
en
er
atio
n
i
n
ter
m
itten
cy
a
f
f
ec
ts
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
I
E
E
E
3
0
-
b
u
s
test
s
y
s
tem
,
as
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
in
Had
i
Saad
at’
s
“
Po
wer
s
y
s
tem
an
aly
s
is
”
[
6
]
,
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
as
a
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
d
a
taset
to
v
alid
ate
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e
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r
o
p
o
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ap
p
r
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h
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Simu
latio
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ca
r
r
i
ed
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t
o
n
th
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test
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y
s
tem
wer
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u
s
ed
to
ass
es
s
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
HSI
in
d
etec
tin
g
b
u
s
es
with
cr
itical
s
tab
ilit
y
m
ar
g
in
s
.
T
o
ex
te
n
d
th
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
to
a
p
r
ac
tical
n
etwo
r
k
,
ad
d
itio
n
al
an
al
y
s
es
wer
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
n
th
e
Su
lb
ag
s
el
7
8
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
ich
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
a
win
d
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
with
in
its
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
is
r
ea
l
-
s
y
s
tem
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
allo
we
d
f
o
r
a
d
etailed
ex
am
in
ati
o
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
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in
g
le
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lin
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d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
I
E
E
E
3
0
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b
u
s
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t sy
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sin
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li
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d
iag
r
a
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o
f
th
e
I
E
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E
3
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u
s
test
s
y
s
tem
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589
T
h
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E
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3
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ig
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ates
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h
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eth
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v
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s
i
m
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to
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d
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m
p
ar
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[
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T
h
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m
m
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K
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2.
M
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Stag
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2
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n
j
u
n
ctio
n
with
th
e
Ne
wto
n
–
R
ap
h
s
o
n
r
esu
lts
to
id
e
n
tify
b
u
s
es
ex
h
ib
itin
g
lo
w
s
tab
ilit
y
m
ar
g
i
n
s
.
Stag
e
3
:
T
h
e
FVSI
in
d
ex
is
ap
p
lied
,
a
ls
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
New
to
n
–
R
ap
h
s
o
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
to
d
eter
m
in
e
cr
itical
b
u
s
es f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
Stag
e
4
:
T
h
e
HSI
,
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
L
mn
an
d
FVSI
with
in
th
e
New
to
n
–
R
ap
h
s
o
n
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
,
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
to
r
e
f
in
e
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
wea
k
b
u
s
es.
Stag
e
5
:
T
h
e
v
er
if
ied
HSI
m
eth
o
d
is
th
en
im
p
lem
en
ted
o
n
th
e
Su
lb
ag
s
el
7
8
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
tem
as a
r
ea
l
-
n
etwo
r
k
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
,
en
ab
lin
g
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
its
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
a
lar
g
er
,
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
lex
g
r
id
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
I
d
en
tifi
ca
tio
n
o
f c
r
itica
l b
u
s
es in
th
e
S
u
lb
a
g
s
el
elec
tr
ica
l sys
tem
n
etw
o
r
k
…
(
A
n
d
i Mu
h
a
m
ma
d
I
lya
s
)
591
2
.
1
.
L
ine st
a
bil
it
y
ind
ex
T
h
e
lin
e
s
tab
ilit
y
in
d
ex
(
L
m
n
)
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
f
r
o
m
th
e
a
n
aly
tical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
-
lin
e
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
u
s
in
g
a
s
im
p
lifie
d
s
in
g
le
-
lin
e
e
q
u
iv
ale
n
t
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
in
d
e
x
s
er
v
es
as
an
in
d
ic
ato
r
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
-
s
tab
ilit
y
m
ar
g
in
f
o
r
a
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
th
at
elec
tr
ically
lin
k
s
two
b
u
s
es
in
a
p
o
wer
n
etw
o
r
k
[
1
8
]
–
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
its
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
,
th
e
m
u
lti
b
u
s
s
y
s
tem
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
in
to
a
s
in
g
le
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
to
en
a
b
le
ea
s
ier
d
er
iv
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
s
en
d
in
g
-
e
n
d
an
d
r
ec
eiv
in
g
-
en
d
elec
tr
i
ca
l
q
u
an
titi
es.
T
h
is
s
im
p
lifie
d
m
o
d
el
co
n
ce
p
tu
all
y
illu
s
tr
ated
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
is
u
s
ed
to
e
v
alu
ate
h
o
w
clo
s
e
a
lin
e
o
p
e
r
ates
to
its
v
o
ltag
e
co
llap
s
e
p
o
in
t.
∠
1
∠
2
12
=
+
=
+
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sin
g
le
-
li
n
e
eq
u
i
v
alen
t illu
s
tr
atin
g
a
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
ath
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
el,
,
,
an
d
r
ef
er
to
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e,
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
,
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
at
th
e
s
en
d
in
g
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
lin
e,
ty
p
ically
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
b
u
s
.
Sim
ilar
ly
,
,
,
an
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
t
o
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e,
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
,
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
s
id
e,
wh
ich
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
l
o
ad
b
u
s
.
T
h
e
p
h
as
e
an
g
le
at
th
e
g
en
e
r
ato
r
is
d
en
o
ted
b
y
1
,
wh
ile
2
in
d
icate
s
th
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
at
th
e
lo
ad
s
id
e.
T
h
e
ter
m
12
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
f
l
o
win
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
en
d
in
g
e
n
d
t
o
th
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
e
n
d
,
an
d
is
th
e
im
p
e
d
an
ce
a
n
g
le
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e.
T
h
e
m
ath
e
m
atica
l f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
g
o
v
er
n
in
g
th
ese
q
u
an
titi
es is
p
r
esen
ted
a
s
(
1
)
.
=
4
|
|
2
2
(
−
)
≤
1
(
1
)
T
h
e
L
m
n
is
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
an
d
in
d
ir
e
ctly
b
y
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
in
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
i
n
d
ex
is
em
p
l
o
y
ed
t
o
ass
ess
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
a
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
with
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
A
lin
e
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
u
n
s
tab
le
s
tate
wh
en
th
e
L
m
n
v
alu
e
n
ea
r
s
1
,
in
d
icatin
g
a
p
o
ten
tial
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
o
r
im
b
alan
ce
in
p
o
wer
f
lo
w.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
w
h
en
th
e
L
m
n
v
alu
e
r
em
ain
s
b
elo
w
1
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
r
eg
a
r
d
ed
as
s
tab
le,
s
ig
n
i
f
y
in
g
th
at
t
h
e
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
is
s
till
with
in
p
e
r
m
is
s
ib
le
lim
its
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atio
n
[
2
0
]
.
2
.
2
.
F
a
s
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
s
t
a
bil
it
y
ind
ex
T
h
e
f
ast
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
in
d
ex
(
FVSI)
is
d
e
r
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
es
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
its
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
,
t
h
e
s
en
d
in
g
-
en
d
b
u
s
is
s
et
as
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
c
e
with
a
ze
r
o
-
p
h
ase
an
g
le
to
s
im
p
lify
th
e
an
aly
s
is
.
FVSI
is
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
m
ar
g
in
o
f
a
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
an
d
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
en
er
al
cu
r
r
en
t
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
en
d
in
g
b
u
s
‘
s
’
a
n
d
th
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
b
u
s
‘
r
’
[
2
2
]
–
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
is
in
d
ex
h
elp
s
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
in
s
tab
ilit
y
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
lo
ad
in
g
an
d
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
FVSI
is
p
r
esen
ted
as
(
2
)
.
=
4
2
2
≤
1
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
Z
d
en
o
tes
th
e
lin
e
im
p
ed
an
ce
,
X
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
lin
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
b
u
s
,
an
d
d
en
o
tes
th
e
s
en
d
in
g
-
en
d
v
o
ltag
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e.
A
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
is
cla
s
s
if
ied
a
s
cr
itical
wh
en
its
FVSI
v
al
u
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
u
n
ity
,
as
th
is
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ig
n
i
f
ies
a
h
i
g
h
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
to
v
o
ltag
e
in
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
in
itiatio
n
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
-
wid
e
c
o
llap
s
e.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
FVSI
th
er
ef
o
r
e
p
lay
s
a
n
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
p
in
p
o
in
tin
g
th
e
wea
k
est
b
u
s
with
in
th
e
n
e
two
r
k
an
d
in
q
u
an
tify
i
n
g
th
e
r
em
ain
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
m
ar
g
in
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
y
in
g
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
2
.
3
.
H
y
brid s
t
a
bil
it
y
ind
ex
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
t
a
b
i
li
t
y
i
n
d
e
x
(
HS
I
)
i
s
d
e
v
el
o
p
e
d
b
y
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
L
m
n
[
2
5
]
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
F
V
S
I
[
2
6
]
,
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
r
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
a
n
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
e
s
s
o
f
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
t
a
b
il
i
t
y
as
s
ess
m
e
n
t
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
.
B
y
c
o
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
w
i
t
h
i
n
b
o
t
h
i
n
d
i
c
e
s
,
t
h
e
H
S
I
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
b
r
o
a
d
e
r
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
o
f
s
y
s
t
e
m
o
p
e
r
at
i
n
g
m
a
r
g
i
n
s
u
n
d
e
r
v
a
r
y
i
n
g
l
o
a
d
a
n
d
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
A
l
l
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
es
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
H
S
I
a
r
e
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
e
d
i
n
p
e
r
-
u
n
i
t
(
p
.
u
.
)
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
c
o
m
p
u
t
at
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
s
is
t
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
f
a
ci
l
i
ta
t
e
1
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
5
8
7
-
597
592
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
l
e
ct
r
i
c
a
l
s
y
s
te
m
[
2
7
]
–
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
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u
r
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3
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ig
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r
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ath
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atica
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m
b
in
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e
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with
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e
FVSI,
en
ab
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a
m
o
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e
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r
ec
is
e
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atio
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o
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ilit
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h
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m
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ite
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ex
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r
ates
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er
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n
al
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ar
iab
les
to
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etec
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em
er
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i
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g
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n
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tab
ilit
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n
d
itio
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s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lete
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ath
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atica
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r
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o
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=
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ep
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ase
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Fig
u
r
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4
.
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h
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ilit
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ter
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etatio
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Fig
u
r
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4
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R
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
C
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g
I
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N:
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8
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tifi
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tio
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f c
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itica
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u
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th
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S
u
lb
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(
A
n
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i Mu
h
a
m
ma
d
I
lya
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)
593
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
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T
h
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id
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tific
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tag
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aly
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is
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I
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b
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s
b
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ch
m
ar
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th
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p
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ated
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Sid
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ap
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ex
am
in
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a
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h
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ase
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m
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in
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tem
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s
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d
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in
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in
f
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ce
o
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p
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ar
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o
n
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v
er
all
s
y
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tem
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
3
.
1
.
I
E
E
E
3
0
-
bu
s
s
y
s
t
em
s
t
a
bil
it
y
T
h
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s
tab
ilit
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an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
I
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3
0
-
b
u
s
test
s
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s
tem
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co
n
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u
cted
to
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y
th
e
r
eliab
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y
,
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
an
d
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
HSI
in
d
etec
tin
g
cr
itical
b
u
s
es
with
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
is
ev
alu
atio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
v
alid
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n
s
tag
e
to
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
d
ex
ca
n
r
eliab
ly
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
lo
ad
i
n
g
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
an
d
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
T
ab
le
3
an
d
th
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
o
u
tp
u
ts
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
d
etailed
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
p
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f
ile
o
f
th
e
I
E
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E
3
0
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
HSI
r
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lts
.
T
h
e
s
e
f
in
d
in
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s
o
f
f
e
r
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
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r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
s
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s
tem
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
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t
a
m
o
r
e
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
r
elativ
e
cr
iticality
o
f
ea
ch
b
u
s
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
ab
le
3
.
HSI
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
I
E
E
E
3
0
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
tem
Li
n
e
n
u
mb
e
r
F
r
o
m B
u
s
To
B
u
s
H
S
I
Li
n
e
n
u
mb
e
r
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m B
u
s
To
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s
H
I
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8
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Gr
a
p
h
o
f
th
e
I
E
E
E
-
3
0
b
u
s
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
in
d
ex
b
ased
o
n
th
e
HSI
in
d
ex
m
et
h
o
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
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&
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,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
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6
:
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8
7
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597
594
Ov
er
all,
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
I
E
E
E
3
0
-
b
u
s
n
etwo
r
k
u
s
in
g
th
e
HSI
co
n
f
i
r
m
s
th
at
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ates
with
in
a
s
ec
u
r
e
a
n
d
s
tab
le
r
eg
io
n
.
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h
e
l
o
west
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e,
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ately
0
.
0
0
0
0
7
,
o
cc
u
r
s
o
n
L
in
e
2
9
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
B
u
s
2
1
an
d
B
u
s
2
2
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
s
tab
ilit
y
m
ar
g
in
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
th
e
h
ig
h
est
HSI
v
alu
e
0
.
0
0
1
8
5
is
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
o
n
th
e
lin
e
lin
k
in
g
B
u
s
2
9
to
B
u
s
3
0
,
id
en
tify
in
g
th
is
s
eg
m
en
t
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
v
u
ln
er
ab
le
with
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
ted
a
v
er
ag
e
HSI
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
0
0
0
5
8
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
em
ain
s
well
b
elo
w
an
y
cr
itical
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
T
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
clea
r
er
in
ter
p
r
etati
o
n
,
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
HSI
v
alu
es f
o
r
all
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
3
.
2
.
Sta
bil
it
y
o
f
t
he
Su
lba
g
s
el
7
8
-
bu
s
s
y
s
t
em
T
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
Su
lawe
s
i
7
8
-
b
u
s
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
n
etwo
r
k
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
th
e
HSI
to
id
en
tify
cr
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b
u
s
es
wit
h
in
th
e
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u
th
e
r
n
Su
lawe
s
i
(
Su
lb
ag
s
el)
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
,
wh
ich
h
as
b
ee
n
in
teg
r
ated
with
win
d
p
o
we
r
p
lan
ts
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
is
ass
ess
m
en
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
s
ig
h
t
in
t
o
th
e
m
o
s
t
v
u
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er
a
b
le
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s
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th
e
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
o
f
f
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s
a
m
o
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co
m
p
r
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h
en
s
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ch
ar
ac
ter
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o
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th
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s
o
p
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d
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n
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ex
a
m
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th
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im
p
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en
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r
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ter
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all
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s
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tab
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,
r
ec
o
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n
izin
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th
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iab
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in
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en
t
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d
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f
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v
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d
,
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e
al
p
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an
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p
ab
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.
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h
e
r
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lts
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f
th
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cr
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b
u
s
id
en
tific
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,
to
g
eth
er
with
th
e
o
b
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er
v
e
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ef
f
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f
win
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p
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p
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u
tp
u
t
f
lu
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n
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y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
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ce
,
a
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
4
.
T
ab
le
4
.
C
r
itical
b
u
s
id
en
tific
a
tio
n
in
th
e
Su
lb
a
g
s
el
7
8
-
b
u
s
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
th
e
HSI
m
eth
o
d
F
r
o
m
b
u
s
To
b
u
s
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
P
LT
B
P
LTB
1
1
:
0
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A
M
P
LTB
8
:
0
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P
M
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o
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b
u
s
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b
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t
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t
P
LT
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78
0
.
0
1
2
3
7
0
.
0
1
2
3
7
0
.
0
1
2
3
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
I
d
en
tifi
ca
tio
n
o
f c
r
itica
l b
u
s
es in
th
e
S
u
lb
a
g
s
el
elec
tr
ica
l sys
tem
n
etw
o
r
k
…
(
A
n
d
i Mu
h
a
m
ma
d
I
lya
s
)
595
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
p
r
esen
te
d
in
T
ab
le
4
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
cr
itical
b
u
s
es
an
d
th
e
e
v
a
lu
atio
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
th
e
7
8
-
b
u
s
So
u
th
er
n
Su
lawe
s
i
(
Su
lb
ag
s
el)
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
win
d
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
i
n
ter
m
itten
cy
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
itical
co
n
d
itio
n
in
th
e
n
et
wo
r
k
o
cc
u
r
s
o
n
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
eg
m
en
t
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
B
u
s
5
6
Sid
e
r
a
to
B
u
s
5
7
S
id
er
a
7
0
k
V,
w
h
ich
r
ec
o
r
d
s
th
e
h
ig
h
est
HSI
v
al
u
e
o
f
0
.
0
2
2
6
8
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
ig
h
est
cr
iticality
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
o
n
th
e
lin
e
b
etwe
en
B
u
s
3
8
B
o
s
o
wa
an
d
B
u
s
4
0
Pan
g
k
ep
,
with
an
HSI
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
0
2
2
2
0
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
l
in
e
b
etwe
en
B
u
s
7
3
Po
watu
1
5
0
k
V
an
d
B
u
s
7
4
Po
watu
7
0
k
V,
wh
ich
y
ield
s
an
in
d
ex
o
f
0
.
0
2
1
8
7
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
ely
,
th
e
lin
e
ex
h
ib
itin
g
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
s
tab
ilit
y
m
ar
g
in
is
th
e
s
eg
m
en
t
lin
k
in
g
B
u
s
2
4
T
an
ju
n
g
B
u
n
g
a
an
d
B
u
s
2
5
B
o
n
to
ala,
wh
ich
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
lo
west
HSI
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
0
0
0
2
6
.
Ov
e
r
all,
th
e
Su
lb
ag
s
el
7
8
-
b
u
s
n
etwo
r
k
o
p
er
ates
with
in
a
s
ec
u
r
e
s
tab
ilit
y
r
an
g
e,
as
all
co
m
p
u
ted
HSI
v
alu
es
r
em
ain
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
b
elo
w
th
e
cr
itical
th
r
esh
o
ld
(
HSI
<
1
)
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at,
d
esp
ite
th
e
in
h
er
en
t
v
ar
ia
b
ilit
y
o
f
win
d
p
o
wer
g
en
e
r
atio
n
,
th
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
tem
m
ain
tain
s
ad
eq
u
ate
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
s
u
s
tain
in
g
r
eliab
le
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
win
d
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
g
en
er
ati
o
n
in
ter
m
itten
c
y
o
n
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
Su
lb
ag
s
el
7
8
-
b
u
s
p
o
wer
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
r
ee
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
:
i
)
a
b
aselin
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
with
o
u
t
win
d
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
ii
)
a
s
ce
n
ar
io
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
win
d
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
g
en
er
atio
n
d
ata
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ay
tim
e
p
ea
k
-
lo
a
d
p
er
io
d
at
1
1
:0
0
AM
,
an
d
iii
)
a
s
ce
n
ar
io
u
tili
zin
g
win
d
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
g
en
er
atio
n
d
ata
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
n
ig
h
ttime
p
ea
k
-
lo
ad
p
e
r
io
d
at
0
8
:0
0
PM.
T
h
e
cr
itical
-
b
u
s
id
en
tific
atio
n
r
esu
lts
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
th
e
p
r
ec
e
d
in
g
tab
le
in
d
icate
th
at
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
win
d
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
o
u
t
p
u
t
d
o
n
o
t
ex
er
t
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
Su
lb
ag
s
el
7
8
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
em
ain
s
r
o
b
u
s
t
u
n
d
er
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
lev
els
o
f
win
d
p
o
wer
p
lan
t i
n
ter
m
itten
cy
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
d
etaile
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
ea
ch
b
u
s
with
in
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
o
s
e
ex
h
ib
itin
g
h
ig
h
v
u
ln
er
a
b
ilit
y
to
in
s
tab
ilit
y
to
th
o
s
e
cla
s
s
if
ied
as
s
tab
le
o
r
non
-
cr
itical
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
th
e
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
cr
itical
o
r
we
ak
b
u
s
es
in
th
e
Su
lb
ag
s
el
7
8
-
b
u
s
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
in
th
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
win
d
p
o
wer
p
lan
t in
ter
m
itten
c
y
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
g
r
id
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
C
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
th
e
cr
itical
-
b
u
s
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
a
n
d
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
win
d
-
g
en
er
atio
n
in
ter
m
itten
cy
u
s
in
g
th
e
HSI
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws
:
i)
An
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
7
8
-
b
u
s
Su
lb
ag
s
el
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ates
with
in
a
s
ec
u
r
e
s
tab
ilit
y
r
eg
io
n
.
All
co
m
p
u
ted
HSI
v
alu
es
r
em
ain
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
b
elo
w
th
e
cr
itical
lim
it
(
<1
)
;
ii)
T
h
e
m
u
lti
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
im
u
latio
n
s
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
with
o
u
t
win
d
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
i
n
teg
r
ati
o
n
,
with
d
a
y
tim
e
win
d
g
e
n
er
atio
n
,
an
d
with
n
ig
h
ttim
e
win
d
g
en
e
r
atio
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
win
d
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
o
u
tp
u
t
d
o
n
o
t
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
m
ater
ial
d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
in
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
;
iii)
T
h
e
b
u
s
-
by
-
b
u
s
ev
alu
atio
n
v
alid
ates
th
at
th
e
Su
lb
ag
s
el
7
8
-
b
u
s
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
e
x
h
ib
its
ac
ce
p
tab
le
s
tab
ilit
y
m
ar
g
in
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
en
tire
n
etwo
r
k
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
wo
r
k
was
co
n
d
u
cted
with
o
u
t
ex
ter
n
al
f
in
an
cial
as
s
is
tan
ce
.
No
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
was
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
tal
ag
e
n
cies,
in
d
u
s
t
r
y
p
ar
tn
e
r
s
,
o
r
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
f
it
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
e
x
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
r
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
th
r
ee
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
with
th
e
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
an
d
task
s
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
th
e
tab
le
b
elo
w
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
An
d
i M
u
h
am
m
a
d
I
ly
as
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ag
u
s
Sis
wan
to
Mu
h
am
m
ad
Natsir
R
ah
m
an
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
tu
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
M
:
M
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
ftwa
re
Va
:
Va
li
d
a
ti
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
rm
a
l
a
n
a
ly
sis
I
:
I
n
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
rc
e
s
D
:
D
a
ta Cu
ra
ti
o
n
O
:
Wr
it
in
g
-
O
ri
g
in
a
l
Dra
ft
E
:
Wr
it
in
g
-
Re
v
iew
&
E
d
it
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
rv
isi
o
n
P
:
P
ro
jec
t
a
d
m
in
istrati
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
in
g
a
c
q
u
isi
ti
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
5
8
7
-
597
596
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
d
ec
lar
es th
at
n
o
co
n
f
licts
o
f
in
ter
est ex
is
t in
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
d
esig
n
,
ex
ec
u
tio
n
,
o
r
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
H
.
u
r
R
a
sh
i
d
K
h
a
n
,
U
.
A
w
a
n
,
K
.
Z
a
man
,
A
.
A
.
N
a
ssa
n
i
,
M
.
H
a
f
f
a
r
,
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
Q
.
A
b
r
o
,
“
A
ssess
i
n
g
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
o
l
a
r
-
w
i
n
d
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
o
r
i
n
d
u
st
r
i
a
l
d
e
c
a
r
b
o
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s:
g
l
o
b
a
l
s
h
i
f
t
t
o
g
r
e
e
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
,
”
E
n
e
r
g
i
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
2
2
,
p
.
7
6
2
0
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
e
n
1
4
2
2
7
6
2
0
.
[
2
]
A
.
M
.
I
l
y
a
s
,
A
.
S
u
y
u
t
i
,
I
.
C
.
G
u
n
a
d
i
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
.
S
a
i
d
,
“
O
p
t
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