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]
.
T
h
is
n
ew
d
ev
ice
will
h
av
e
two
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
:
i)
an
im
p
o
r
t
-
ex
p
o
r
t
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
o
th
at
th
e
u
s
er
ca
n
tr
ac
k
p
r
ec
is
ely
all
in
co
m
in
g
an
d
o
u
tg
o
i
n
g
f
lo
ws
an
d
th
er
e
b
y
o
p
tim
ize
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
an
d
v
alo
r
izatio
n
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
en
er
g
y
lo
ca
lly
;
ii)
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
p
r
o
to
co
l
s
u
ch
as
d
ev
ice
lan
g
u
ag
e
m
ess
ag
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
(
D
L
MS)
th
at
also
ca
n
en
s
u
r
e
s
af
e,
tim
ely
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
en
er
g
y
d
ata
wh
ile
h
elp
i
n
g
to
b
o
ls
ter
ac
co
u
n
ta
b
ilit
y
an
d
tr
u
s
t
in
th
e
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
;
an
d
iii)
A
f
ea
tu
r
e
with
co
n
tr
o
l r
ela
y
s
to
m
an
ag
e
lo
ad
s
an
d
d
etec
t f
r
au
d
.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
e
n
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
h
as
a
s
m
a
r
t
m
eter
,
a
b
atter
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
t
em
,
an
d
a
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
u
tili
zin
g
a
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
b
u
s
to
ef
f
icien
tly
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
e
n
er
g
y
b
ef
o
r
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
to
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
(
AC
)
v
ia
a
DC
/AC
in
v
er
ter
.
At
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
th
e
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e,
th
e
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
is
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
to
m
o
n
ito
r
en
e
r
g
y
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
lo
ad
s
,
th
e
p
o
wer
g
r
id
,
an
d
also
th
e
u
n
its
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
ata
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
to
m
an
ag
e
en
er
g
y
s
o
th
at
it
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
with
o
u
t
o
v
er
lo
a
d
o
r
f
r
au
d
.
W
h
ile
o
n
th
e
DC
b
u
s
,
it
h
as
alter
n
ativ
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
b
atter
y
s
to
r
ag
e,
s
o
it
h
as
en
e
r
g
y
au
to
n
o
m
y
,
ev
en
if
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
is
er
r
atic.
T
h
e
AC
b
u
s
h
an
d
les
all
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
en
er
g
y
to
d
o
m
esti
c
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
lo
ad
s
with
a
g
r
i
d
s
u
p
p
ly
,
s
o
th
er
e
is
a
s
u
p
p
ly
a
t a
ll tim
es.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
ch
em
a
tic
in
clu
d
es a
n
ew
s
m
ar
t m
eter
T
h
e
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
i
v
e
m
a
i
n
s
e
ct
i
o
n
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
t
h
e
s
ec
t
i
o
n
2
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
i
n
g
h
o
w
t
h
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
.
S
e
ct
i
o
n
3
r
e
v
ea
l
s
th
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
f
e
a
t
u
r
es
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
w
l
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
s
m
a
r
t
m
et
e
r
.
Se
c
t
i
o
n
4
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
at
e
s
a
c
a
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
a
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
.
T
h
e
n
,
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
5
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
a
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
t
o
g
et
h
e
r
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
es
u
l
ts
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
c
a
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
.
F
in
a
l
l
y
,
s
ec
t
i
o
n
6
c
o
n
cl
u
d
e
s
w
it
h
f
i
n
a
l
n
o
t
es
a
n
d
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
in
th
is
p
ap
er
aim
s
to
o
p
tim
ize
en
e
r
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
i
n
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
b
y
ac
cu
r
ately
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
t
an
d
ex
p
o
r
t
o
f
elec
tr
icity
.
Pro
ce
d
u
r
e
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
is
b
eg
u
n
with
en
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
d
ata
r
ec
o
r
d
i
n
g
,
wh
ich
m
ak
es
tr
ac
in
g
b
o
th
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
as
well
a
s
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Desig
n
a
n
d
imp
leme
n
t
a
tio
n
o
f sma
r
t m
eter fo
r
o
p
timiz
in
g
a
n
d
…
(
A
lh
u
s
s
ein
B
a
g
a
y
o
g
o
)
665
f
ea
s
ib
le.
A
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
also
m
ad
e
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
estab
lis
h
o
p
er
atio
n
al
en
e
r
g
y
f
l
o
ws.
T
h
e
d
ata
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
in
r
ea
l
tim
e
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
elec
tr
ic
p
ar
am
eter
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
en
e
r
g
y
im
p
o
r
t
as
well
as
en
er
g
y
e
x
p
o
r
t,
wh
ic
h
ar
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
(
V)
,
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
A)
,
ap
p
ar
en
t
p
o
wer
(
S),
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
(
P),
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
(
Q)
,
en
er
g
y
u
tili
ze
d
(
k
W
h
)
,
as
well
as
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
(
PF
)
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
also
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
alities
th
at
en
tail
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
as
well
as
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
a
s
well
as
es
tab
lis
h
in
g
o
v
er
all
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
as
well
as
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
All
th
ese
m
ea
s
u
r
es
en
ab
le
u
s
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
en
er
g
y
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
d
y
n
am
ics
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
g
ath
er
ed
d
ata
ar
e
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
in
to
a
r
elay
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
u
le,
wh
ich
is
es
s
en
tial
in
f
r
au
d
d
etec
tio
n
as we
ll a
s
in
d
etec
tin
g
n
o
n
c
o
n
f
o
r
m
ities
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
lo
wch
a
r
t
A
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
m
o
d
u
le
t
h
en
f
ac
ilit
ates
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
an
s
f
er
v
ia
a
web
in
ter
f
ac
e
as
also
a
clien
t
-
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
is
allo
ws
en
er
g
y
d
ata
to
b
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
in
a
r
em
o
te
f
o
r
m
as
well
as
p
r
o
m
o
t
e
en
er
g
y
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
b
y
d
y
n
am
ically
m
o
d
u
latin
g
en
er
g
y
f
lo
ws
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
d
em
an
d
s
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
liv
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
an
ticip
ato
r
y
p
o
wer
g
r
id
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
wh
ich
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
as
well
as
p
o
wer
g
r
id
o
w
n
er
s
to
co
o
r
d
in
ate
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
with
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
.
3.
DE
S
I
G
N
AND
F
UN
CT
I
O
N
O
F
A
SM
A
R
T
M
E
T
E
R
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
is
s
ca
lab
le
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
h
as
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
u
s
in
g
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
t
o
o
p
tim
ize
elec
tr
icity
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t,
im
p
o
r
t,
an
d
ex
p
o
r
t.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
a
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
HT
5
0
2
3
th
a
t
en
s
u
r
es
in
tellig
en
t
en
er
g
y
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t,
a
Vo
ltag
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
E
E
1
9
-
0
0
5
1
0
1
,
a
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
J
D0
1
80A
-
4
0
0
VAC
-
1
8
VDV,
an
HT
Z
8
1
0
V1
.
3
B
lu
eto
o
th
m
o
d
u
le,
r
esis
tiv
e
atten
u
ato
r
s
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
in
p
u
t
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
an
SD
ca
r
d
s
to
r
ag
e
m
o
d
u
le,
a
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
cl
o
ck
(
R
T
C
)
E
R
1
4
2
5
0
,
an
d
a
n
in
teg
r
ated
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
m
o
d
u
le.
Fig
u
r
e
3
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
ar
ch
ite
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
is
ad
v
an
ce
d
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
(
SM)
m
ea
s
u
r
es
an
d
an
aly
ze
s
elec
tr
ical
d
a
ta
b
y
s
am
p
lin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
v
ia
d
ed
icate
d
cir
cu
its
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
a
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
(
MCU)
.
T
h
e
p
o
wer
ca
lc
u
latio
n
is
s
h
o
wn
in
(
1
)
:
=
1
∫
(
)
(
)
0
∗
c
os
(
φ
)
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
6
6
3
-
674
666
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sm
ar
t
m
eter
ar
ch
itec
tu
r
e
T
h
ese
an
alo
g
y
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
c
o
n
v
er
ted
in
to
d
ig
ital,
m
a
k
in
g
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
en
er
g
y
,
t
h
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
p
o
wer
,
an
d
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
q
u
ality
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
m
an
ag
es
its
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
:
a
m
ain
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
,
a
b
ac
k
u
p
b
atter
y
f
o
r
m
i
n
im
al
o
p
er
atio
n
in
ca
s
e
o
f
f
ailu
r
e,
an
d
a
p
u
b
lic
s
witch
ed
telep
h
o
n
e
n
etwo
r
k
(
P
STN)
b
atter
y
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
c
lo
ck
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e.
A
m
an
ag
em
en
t
m
o
d
u
le
o
p
tim
ize
s
th
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
ese
s
o
u
r
ce
s
to
g
u
a
r
an
tee
s
er
v
ice
co
n
tin
u
ity
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
co
n
tr
o
ls
lig
h
t
e
m
itti
n
g
d
io
d
es
(
L
E
Ds)
to
in
d
icate
th
e
s
tate
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
a
n
liq
u
id
cr
y
s
tal
d
is
p
lay
(
L
C
D)
s
cr
ee
n
to
d
is
p
lay
ess
en
tial
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
e
n
t,
en
e
r
g
y
)
,
an
d
r
elay
s
t
o
ac
tiv
ate
o
r
d
ea
ctiv
ate
th
e
elec
tr
ical
cir
cu
its
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
d
etec
ted
co
m
m
a
n
d
s
o
r
e
v
en
ts
.
3
.
1
.
Vo
l
t
a
g
e
m
ea
s
uring
ins
t
rum
ent
T
h
e
d
iag
r
am
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
a
v
o
ltag
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
cir
cu
it
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
HT
5
0
2
3
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
I
t
m
ak
es
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
co
n
v
er
t
th
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
es
o
f
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
elec
tr
ical
n
etwo
r
k
in
to
s
ig
n
als
co
m
p
atib
le
with
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
At
th
e
in
p
u
t,
th
e
p
h
ase
(
L
)
an
d
th
e
n
eu
tr
al
(
N)
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
f
ir
s
t
g
o
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
et
o
f
p
r
o
tec
tiv
e
r
esis
to
r
s
th
at
f
o
r
m
a
v
o
ltag
e
d
iv
id
er
wh
ich
lo
wer
s
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
v
o
ltag
e
to
a
s
af
e
an
d
s
u
itab
le
lev
el
f
o
r
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
r
esis
to
r
s
R
1
,
R
2
,
an
d
R
3
,
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
C
1
,
C
2
,
an
d
C
3
,
p
lay
a
f
ilter
i
n
g
an
d
s
tab
ilizin
g
r
o
le,
elim
in
atin
g
r
ap
id
v
ar
iatio
n
s
an
d
u
n
wan
ted
n
o
is
e
o
n
th
e
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
es
th
u
s
o
b
tain
e
d
,
Vx
P
an
d
Vx
N,
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
v
o
ltag
es
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
n
etwo
r
k
a
n
d
a
r
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
th
e
in
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
HT
5
0
2
3
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
th
ei
r
an
al
y
s
is
.
E
q
u
atio
n
(
2
)
en
s
u
r
es
b
o
th
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
ag
ain
s
t
o
v
er
v
o
ltag
es
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
a
s
tab
le
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t sig
n
al.
(
)
=
[
s
in
(
+
φ
)
]
=
√
1
∫
(
)
2
0
(
2
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Vo
ltag
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Desig
n
a
n
d
imp
leme
n
t
a
tio
n
o
f sma
r
t m
eter fo
r
o
p
timiz
in
g
a
n
d
…
(
A
lh
u
s
s
ein
B
a
g
a
y
o
g
o
)
667
3
.
2
.
Curre
nt
m
e
a
s
uring
ins
t
rum
ent
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ates
a
cu
r
r
e
n
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
ci
r
cu
it
d
es
ig
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
in
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
HT
5
0
2
3
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
I
t
m
ak
es
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
co
n
v
e
r
t
th
e
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
ts
(
I
A,
I
B
,
an
d
I
C
)
i
n
to
v
o
ltag
e
s
ig
n
als
co
m
p
atib
le
with
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
Fo
r
th
e
I
A
p
h
ase,
th
e
I
x
P+
an
d
I
x
PA
-
s
ig
n
als
p
ass
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
esis
to
r
s
R
1
,
R
2
,
R
3
an
d
R
4
,
wh
ich
ac
t a
s
p
r
o
tectio
n
an
d
atten
u
atio
n
elem
en
ts
.
C
ap
ac
ito
r
s
C
2
an
d
C
3
,
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
p
a
r
allel
with
th
ese
r
esis
to
r
s
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
ig
n
al
f
ilter
in
g
to
elim
in
ate
u
n
wan
ted
n
o
is
e
an
d
s
tab
ilize
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
es,
Vx
P
an
d
Vx
N,
ar
e
th
en
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
t
h
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
is
cir
cu
it
t
h
u
s
m
ak
es
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
co
n
d
itio
n
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
ig
n
als
co
m
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
p
h
ases
I
A,
I
B
,
an
d
I
C
in
to
v
o
ltag
es
ad
ap
ted
f
o
r
th
e
HT
5
0
2
3
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
E
q
u
atio
n
(
3
)
g
u
ar
an
tees
an
ac
cu
r
ate
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t w
h
ile
p
r
o
tectin
g
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
g
ain
s
t su
d
d
en
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
r
n
o
is
es in
th
e
in
p
u
t sig
n
al.
(
)
=
[
s
in
(
+
φ
)
]
=
√
1
∫
(
)
2
0
(
3
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
u
r
r
e
n
t b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
a
m
3
.
3
.
Co
mm
un
ica
t
io
n m
o
del
T
h
e
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
d
ata
b
etwe
en
d
ata
co
llectio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t
u
s
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
an
io
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
f
o
r
e
n
er
g
y
m
eter
in
g
(
C
OSEM
)
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
b
ased
o
n
an
in
te
r
f
ac
e
m
o
d
el
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
clien
t/s
er
v
er
p
a
r
a
d
ig
m
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
e
q
u
ip
m
en
t,
s
u
ch
as
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
s
,
p
lay
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
er
v
er
s
.
T
h
e
to
o
ls
th
at
g
ath
er
an
d
s
o
m
etim
es
c
o
u
n
t
d
ata
a
r
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
(
AP)
in
th
e
m
o
d
el.
As s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
is
alwa
y
s
b
etwe
en
a
clien
t a
cc
es
s
p
o
in
t a
n
d
a
s
er
v
er
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
in
t:
th
e
clien
t
s
tar
ts
s
er
v
ice
r
eq
u
ests
,
an
d
th
e
s
er
v
er
co
n
v
er
s
es
b
y
g
iv
in
g
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
d
ata.
Her
e,
a
clien
t
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
in
t
m
ay
co
n
n
ec
t
to
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
er
v
er
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
in
ts
at
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
u
s
en
ab
lin
g
th
e
h
an
d
lin
g
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
d
ev
ices
to
g
eth
er
[
1
6
]
.
Similar
ly
,
a
s
er
v
e
r
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
in
t
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
r
ep
ly
to
s
ev
er
al
clien
t a
cc
ess
p
o
in
ts
at
o
n
ce
,
th
u
s
ass
u
r
in
g
ef
f
icien
t t
wo
-
way
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
I
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
6
6
3
-
674
668
T
h
e
DL
MS/C
OSEM
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
l
h
as
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
ec
u
r
it
y
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
at
allo
w
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
s
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
to
ex
ch
an
g
e
d
ata
s
ec
u
r
ely
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
two
lev
els
o
f
au
th
en
ticatio
n
: th
e
f
ir
s
t in
v
o
lv
es v
er
y
b
asic secu
r
ity
(
L
L
S)
w
h
ich
is
p
ass
wo
r
d
,
b
ased
,
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
in
v
o
lv
es
h
ig
h
,
lev
el
s
ec
u
r
ity
(
HL
S)
th
at
o
f
f
er
s
ch
allen
g
e,
r
esp
o
n
s
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
DL
MS/
C
OSE
M
u
s
es
AE
S
-
b
ased
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
ti
ality
o
f
d
ata
[
1
9
]
.
Me
a
n
wh
ile,
m
ess
ag
e
in
teg
r
ity
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
ag
ain
s
t
r
e
p
lay
attac
k
s
ar
e
en
s
u
r
ed
b
y
c
r
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
co
u
n
ter
s
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
n
tr
o
l
f
ield
s
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
in
a
cc
o
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
I
E
C
6
2
0
5
6
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
is
s
er
v
ice
ca
n
b
e
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
-
o
r
ie
n
ted
(
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
estab
lis
h
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
d
ata
e
x
c
h
an
g
e)
o
r
with
o
u
t
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
(
d
ir
ec
t
e
x
ch
an
g
e
with
o
u
t
p
r
io
r
estab
lis
h
m
en
t)
.
A
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
c
an
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
ev
er
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
f
iles
,
wh
ic
h
allo
ws
it
to
ad
a
p
t
to
v
ar
io
u
s
m
ed
ia
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
(
s
u
ch
as
GPR
S,
L
T
E
,
o
r
ev
en
L
o
R
aWAN)
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
is
f
lex
i
b
ilit
y
en
s
u
r
es
in
cr
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o
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lity
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ical
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d
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e
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ch
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g
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o
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ata
o
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d
if
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e
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en
t c
h
a
n
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els
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
3
.
4
.
Rela
y
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ntr
o
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ra
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n m
ec
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ed
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ete
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ates
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t
with
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ain
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tates
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co
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s
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d
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ec
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r
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tr
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th
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tates
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an
k
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u
al,
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ca
l,
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d
r
em
o
te
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o
m
m
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d
s
to
o
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tim
ize
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h
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co
n
t
r
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l,
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r
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d
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o
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t
h
e
en
er
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k
,
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ially
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th
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o
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r
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o
f
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e
n
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
ies.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
f
r
au
d
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
is
b
u
ilt ar
o
u
n
d
s
en
s
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
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d
r
ea
l
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tim
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o
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ith
m
ic
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aly
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is
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I
n
p
a
r
ticu
lar
,
it c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
:
−
C
u
r
r
en
t tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
(
CT
)
s
en
s
o
r
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th
at
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t a
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n
o
r
m
al
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u
r
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r
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ass
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ef
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ec
t sen
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r
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eg
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th
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ize
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ased
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atter
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ig
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Fig
u
r
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.
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4.
CASE
S
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h
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u
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u
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RE
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L
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AND
DI
SCUS
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O
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I
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th
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in
v
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,
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tili
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latio
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Fig
u
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to
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laten
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
0
8
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I
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C
o
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1
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Fig
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J E
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&
C
o
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p
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I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Desig
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La
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[
2
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5
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6.
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ased
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ar
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M
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DL
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s
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is
with
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ig
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k
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ield
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eter
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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