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ib
ilit
y
,
lo
w
s
p
ec
if
ic
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
r
ate
(
SAR
)
,
a
n
d
in
teg
r
a
tio
n
with
ci
r
cu
it
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
wea
r
a
b
le
u
s
e.
Sm
ar
t
tex
tiles
em
b
e
d
d
ed
with
en
e
r
g
y
-
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
el
em
en
ts
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
as
a
v
iab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
p
o
wer
in
g
I
o
T
-
b
ased
wea
r
ab
le
s
en
s
o
r
s
in
e
-
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
[
5
]
.
A
d
ig
itally
em
b
r
o
id
e
r
ed
,
b
atter
y
-
f
r
ee
h
a
r
v
ester
d
esig
n
en
ab
les
m
u
lti
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
en
e
r
g
y
ca
p
tu
r
e
with
s
tr
o
n
g
b
ea
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
co
m
p
ac
t
f
o
r
m
.
A
co
m
p
ac
t
an
ten
n
a
b
ac
k
e
d
b
y
an
ar
tific
ial
m
ag
n
etic
co
n
d
u
cto
r
(
AM
C
)
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
e
d
in
[
6
]
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
ad
io
-
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
(
R
FID
)
tag
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
o
n
-
b
o
d
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
at
u
ltra
-
h
ig
h
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
(
UHF
)
f
r
eq
u
en
cies.
T
h
e
AM
C
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
en
h
an
ce
s
an
ten
n
a
g
ain
an
d
r
ea
d
r
an
g
e
b
y
is
o
latin
g
it
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
b
o
d
y
,
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
b
io
co
m
p
atib
i
lity
.
I
ts
b
r
ea
th
ab
le
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
allo
ws
f
o
r
ep
id
e
r
m
a
l
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
h
ea
lth
p
ar
am
eter
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
d
ir
ec
tly
o
n
th
e
s
k
in
.
A
h
y
b
r
id
wea
r
ab
le
an
te
n
n
a
b
ased
o
n
M
o
o
r
e
’
s
f
r
ac
tal
g
eo
m
etr
y
an
d
a
r
ec
tan
g
u
la
r
lo
o
p
h
as
b
e
en
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
[
7
]
f
o
r
o
n
-
b
o
d
y
b
io
m
ed
ical
d
ia
g
n
o
s
tics
.
T
h
e
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
an
te
n
n
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
k
ey
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cies,
o
f
f
er
in
g
wid
e
b
an
d
wid
th
,
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
lo
w
SAR
wh
en
test
ed
o
n
b
o
d
y
p
h
an
to
m
s
.
I
ts
co
m
p
ac
t d
esig
n
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
a
k
e
it we
ll
-
s
u
ited
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
I
o
T
-
en
ab
led
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
An
AM
C
-
b
a
ck
ed
a
n
te
n
n
a
[
8
]
was
d
e
v
el
o
p
e
d
f
o
r
a
ca
r
d
i
o
-
p
u
l
m
o
n
ar
y
s
t
et
h
o
s
c
o
p
e
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
en
s
i
ti
v
it
y
in
d
et
ec
t
in
g
p
u
l
m
o
n
ar
y
ed
e
m
a
th
r
o
u
g
h
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
ig
n
al
t
r
a
n
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
.
B
y
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
d
e
tu
n
i
n
g
is
s
u
es
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
co
n
v
e
n
t
io
n
al
p
a
tc
h
an
t
e
n
n
as,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esi
g
n
ac
h
ie
v
es
h
i
g
h
er
f
r
o
n
t
-
to
-
b
a
ck
r
ati
o
an
d
wi
d
e
r
b
e
am
w
id
th
.
T
est
in
g
w
it
h
p
h
an
to
m
m
o
d
els
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
s
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
ti
al
s
e
n
s
it
iv
it
y
g
ai
n
s
,
m
ak
in
g
it
ef
f
e
cti
v
e
f
o
r
r
em
o
t
e
ca
r
d
io
p
u
l
m
o
n
ar
y
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
.
W
ea
r
ab
le
f
ab
r
i
c
a
n
t
e
n
n
as
[
9
]
p
la
ce
d
o
n
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
b
o
d
y
p
a
r
ts
wer
e
u
s
e
d
to
s
t
u
d
y
m
u
lti
ch
an
n
el
s
i
g
n
a
l
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
d
u
r
i
n
g
h
u
m
a
n
m
o
t
io
n
,
p
a
r
ti
c
u
lar
ly
i
n
r
e
h
a
b
i
lit
ati
o
n
s
c
en
a
r
i
o
s
.
Usi
n
g
an
u
l
tr
a
-
wid
eb
a
n
d
-
m
u
lti
-
i
n
p
u
t
m
u
l
ti
-
o
u
t
p
u
t
(
UW
B
-
M
I
M
O)
c
h
a
n
n
el
s
o
u
n
d
er
,
t
im
e
-
v
ar
y
i
n
g
d
at
a
a
cr
o
s
s
e
i
g
h
t
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
ch
an
n
els
r
ev
ea
l
e
d
h
o
w
b
o
d
y
m
o
v
em
en
t
af
f
e
cts
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
s
i
g
n
a
l
p
r
o
p
ag
at
io
n
.
T
h
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
f
er
v
a
lu
a
b
le
i
n
s
i
g
h
ts
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
i
zi
n
g
en
e
r
g
y
-
e
f
f
ici
e
n
t
r
a
d
i
o
-
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
RF
)
d
es
ig
n
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
p
r
o
t
o
co
ls
i
n
o
n
-
b
o
d
y
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
.
Fle
x
i
b
l
e
m
in
iat
u
r
i
ze
d
a
n
t
en
n
as
d
esi
g
n
e
d
o
n
Ka
p
t
o
n
s
u
b
s
tr
at
es
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
d
e
v
e
lo
p
ed
i
n
[
1
0
]
f
o
r
r
a
d
a
r
-
b
as
ed
u
lt
r
aw
id
e
b
a
n
d
b
r
ea
s
t
c
an
ce
r
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
.
T
h
es
e
a
n
t
e
n
n
as
m
ai
n
ta
in
g
o
o
d
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
m
at
ch
in
g
u
n
d
er
cu
r
v
at
u
r
e
an
d
b
o
d
y
co
n
t
ac
t
,
e
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
s
u
i
ta
b
il
it
y
f
o
r
w
ea
r
a
b
le
d
i
a
g
n
o
s
t
ics
.
I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
ati
n
g
r
e
f
le
ct
o
r
s
wit
h
c
o
n
f
o
r
m
al
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
a
r
r
a
y
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
a
n
tl
y
b
o
o
s
ts
el
ec
t
r
o
m
a
g
n
eti
c
wa
v
e
p
en
et
r
at
io
n
in
t
o
b
r
ea
s
t
tis
s
u
e,
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
im
a
g
i
n
g
s
e
n
s
i
ti
v
it
y
.
St
u
d
y
[
1
1
]
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
es
a
we
ar
ab
le
ci
r
c
u
la
r
p
a
tc
h
an
te
n
n
a
ca
p
a
b
le
o
f
o
p
e
r
at
in
g
i
n
b
o
t
h
o
m
n
i
-
an
d
u
n
i
d
i
r
ec
ti
o
n
al
m
o
d
es
wit
h
d
u
al
p
o
l
ar
i
za
ti
o
n
.
I
t
i
s
co
n
s
t
r
u
ct
e
d
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
-
l
a
y
e
r
f
elt
-
b
ase
d
d
i
ele
ct
r
ic
s
u
b
s
t
r
at
e,
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
c
o
s
t
-
ef
f
e
cti
v
e
an
d
s
t
r
a
ig
h
t
f
o
r
wa
r
d
f
a
b
r
ic
ati
o
n
p
r
o
c
ess
.
So
n
i
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
a
n
a
n
te
n
n
a
d
esi
g
n
f
o
r
tu
m
o
r
d
et
ec
ti
o
n
,
im
p
l
em
e
n
te
d
o
n
a
f
le
x
i
b
le
p
o
l
y
i
m
i
d
e
s
u
b
s
tr
at
e.
A
h
u
m
a
n
tis
s
u
e
m
o
d
el
co
n
t
ai
n
i
n
g
a
t
u
m
o
r
is
d
e
v
e
lo
p
ed
,
a
n
d
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
s
im
u
lati
o
n
a
n
a
ly
s
es
a
r
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
t
u
m
o
r
p
o
s
i
tio
n
e
d
b
o
t
h
in
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
a
n
d
b
eh
in
d
t
h
e
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
t
o
e
v
al
u
ate
its
s
en
s
i
n
g
ca
p
a
b
i
lit
y
.
I
n
s
t
u
d
y
[
1
3
]
,
t
h
e
p
o
t
en
tia
l
o
f
a
c
o
m
p
ac
t
ci
r
c
u
l
a
r
b
o
w
-
t
ie
s
l
o
t
w
ea
r
a
b
l
e
t
ex
til
e
a
n
t
en
n
a
f
o
r
m
e
d
ic
al
i
m
a
g
i
n
g
ap
p
li
ca
ti
o
n
s
is
i
n
v
est
ig
ate
d
.
A
d
ie
lec
tr
ic
b
r
ea
s
t
p
h
a
n
t
o
m
wit
h
i
n
cl
u
s
i
o
n
s
o
f
v
a
r
y
i
n
g
s
i
ze
s
a
n
d
p
o
s
iti
o
n
s
is
em
p
l
o
y
e
d
to
s
i
m
u
lat
e
ea
r
l
y
-
s
ta
g
e
m
ali
g
n
a
n
t
t
u
m
o
r
s
a
n
d
ass
es
s
t
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
’
s
d
ete
cti
o
n
ca
p
a
b
il
ities
.
T
h
e
ar
ticle
[
1
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
c
o
m
p
ac
t
d
u
al
-
an
ten
n
a
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
th
e
2
.
4
GHz
I
S
M
b
an
d
f
o
r
b
io
telem
etr
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
it
ially
a
m
in
iatu
r
ized
T
-
s
h
ap
e
d
r
eso
n
ato
r
an
d
s
h
o
r
tin
g
v
ia
was
d
esig
n
an
d
later
was
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
t
o
d
u
al
an
ten
n
a
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
is
o
latio
n
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
two
el
em
en
ts
n
eu
tr
al
lin
e
alo
n
g
with
d
ef
ec
te
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
y
s
tem
ac
h
iev
es
en
h
a
n
ce
d
is
o
latio
n
(
>
-
3
7
d
B
)
,
m
ak
in
g
it su
itab
le
f
o
r
im
p
lan
t
ab
le
d
ev
ices.
W
ith
a
lo
w
SAR
,
it m
ee
ts
h
ea
lth
s
af
ety
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
wh
ile
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
A
m
in
iatu
r
ized
im
p
lan
tab
le
an
ten
n
a
o
p
e
r
atin
g
in
th
e
4
0
1
–
4
0
6
MH
z
m
ed
ical
im
p
lan
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
a
n
d
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
[
1
5
]
wit
h
a
co
m
p
ac
t
f
o
o
tp
r
i
n
t
o
f
1
2
×
1
2
×0
.
6
4
m
m
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
is
f
ab
r
icate
d
o
n
b
io
-
c
o
m
p
atib
le
m
ater
ial
an
d
in
s
u
lat
ed
with
a
s
ilico
n
e
co
atin
g
f
o
r
s
af
ety
.
Simu
latio
n
s
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
in
b
o
d
y
p
h
an
to
m
s
co
n
f
ir
m
a
7
4
MH
z
b
a
n
d
wid
th
an
d
lo
w
s
p
ec
if
ic
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
r
ate,
m
ee
tin
g
s
af
ety
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
I
m
p
lan
ta
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le
an
ten
n
as
f
o
r
in
tellig
e
n
t
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
s
tu
d
i
ed
in
[
1
6
]
,
with
a
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
b
o
d
y
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
lik
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p
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m
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ttiv
ity
an
d
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
o
n
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
wo
ty
p
es
o
f
ca
p
s
u
le
an
ten
n
a
s
is
o
lated
an
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ty
p
es
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
,
a
n
d
an
in
n
er
-
lay
e
r
d
ip
o
le
an
ten
n
a
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
m
in
im
ize
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lo
s
s
wh
ile
m
ax
im
izin
g
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
p
tim
izes
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
y
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
th
e
in
ter
n
al
im
p
e
d
an
ce
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
im
p
lan
tab
le
an
ten
n
as
f
o
r
in
tellig
en
t
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
7
]
is
an
aly
ze
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
n
ea
r
-
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
alim
en
tar
y
ca
n
al.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
i
n
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
o
p
e
r
atin
g
f
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q
u
en
c
y
,
b
o
d
y
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
,
an
d
o
r
g
an
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N:
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829
p
lace
m
en
t
o
n
th
e
an
ten
n
a'
s
elec
tr
o
n
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
in
g
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ef
f
icien
cy
a
cr
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
r
g
an
s
ar
e
also
co
m
p
ar
e
d
.
A
q
u
a
d
-
elem
en
t
MI
MO
an
ten
n
a
[
1
8
]
is
in
teg
r
ated
with
in
a
h
ea
d
i
m
p
lan
t
to
en
h
an
ce
d
ata
r
ates
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
m
u
ltip
ath
f
a
d
in
g
.
W
ith
a
v
alid
ated
ch
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
1
9
.
9
b
p
s
/
Hz,
th
is
d
esig
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
in
g
le
-
an
ten
n
a
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
im
p
lan
tab
le
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
A
co
m
p
ac
t
d
u
al
-
b
a
n
d
cir
cu
l
ar
ly
p
o
lar
ized
im
p
lan
tab
le
a
n
ten
n
a
[
1
9
]
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
b
io
m
ed
ical
telem
etr
y
in
I
MD
s
.
Usi
n
g
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
m
ea
n
d
er
in
g
s
lo
ts
an
d
s
h
o
r
tin
g
p
i
n
s
,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
ac
h
iev
es
m
in
iatu
r
izatio
n
wh
ile
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
r
ig
h
t
-
h
an
d
cir
cu
la
r
p
o
l
ar
izatio
n
an
d
s
tab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
ied
tis
s
u
e
ty
p
es.
I
n
teg
r
ate
d
with
in
a
b
i
o
co
m
p
atib
le
s
h
ell,
it
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
s
af
e
SAR
lev
els
an
d
r
eliab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
b
o
th
wir
eless
m
ed
ical
telem
etr
y
s
er
v
ice
(
W
MT
S)
an
d
I
SM
b
an
d
s
.
A
co
m
p
ac
t
3
D
cu
b
ic
MI
MO
an
ten
n
a
[
2
0
]
with
cir
c
u
lar
p
o
lar
izatio
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
im
p
l
an
tab
le
b
io
telem
etr
y
i
n
th
e
u
p
p
er
ar
m
,
o
p
er
atin
g
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
e
n
s
u
r
es
p
o
lar
iz
atio
n
-
in
s
en
s
itiv
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
r
eliab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
ev
en
with
b
o
d
y
m
o
v
em
en
t,
ac
h
iev
in
g
lo
w
SAR
an
d
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ates.
An
u
ltra
co
m
p
ac
t
1
×2
im
p
la
n
tab
le
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
ay
[
2
1
]
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
teleh
ea
lth
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
o
n
th
e
I
o
T
p
latf
o
r
m
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
a
s
in
g
le
an
ten
n
a
elem
en
t,
th
e
ar
r
ay
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
i
n
g
ai
n
,
f
r
o
n
t
-
to
-
b
ac
k
r
atio
,
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
cy
d
u
e
to
r
e
d
u
ce
d
cr
o
s
s
-
p
o
lar
izatio
n
.
Valid
ated
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
b
o
th
s
im
u
latio
n
s
an
d
p
h
an
to
m
-
b
ased
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
,
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
ar
r
a
y
o
f
f
er
s
en
h
an
ce
d
d
i
r
ec
tio
n
ality
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icie
n
cy
f
o
r
r
eliab
le
b
io
telem
etr
y
.
A
co
m
p
ac
t
d
if
f
er
en
tial
in
teg
r
ated
an
ten
n
a
[
2
2
]
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
im
p
lan
tab
le
m
ed
ical
d
e
v
ices.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
s
v
alid
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
u
latio
n
s
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
s
in
r
ea
lis
tic
b
o
d
y
p
h
an
t
o
m
s
,
s
h
o
win
g
r
eliab
le
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
b
an
d
wid
th
s
an
d
lo
w
f
ar
-
f
ield
g
ain
s
.
SAR
an
aly
s
is
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
an
ten
n
a'
s
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
s
af
e
b
io
m
ed
ical
telem
etr
y
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
A
co
m
p
ac
t
im
p
lan
tab
le
an
ten
n
a
[
2
3
]
in
te
g
r
ated
with
a
r
ec
tifie
r
en
ab
les
ef
f
icien
t
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
wir
eless
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
er
an
d
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
s
y
s
tem
,
test
ed
in
r
ea
lis
tic
p
h
an
to
m
s
,
ac
h
ie
v
es
h
ig
h
R
F
–
DC
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
s
af
e
SA
R
lev
els.
Dem
o
n
s
tr
at
ed
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
u
p
to
2
m
eter
s
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
an
ten
n
a'
s
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
t
e
p
atien
t
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
in
[
2
4
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
co
m
p
ac
t
cir
cu
la
r
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
im
p
lan
tab
le
an
ten
n
a
u
s
in
g
v
ia
h
o
les,
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
lo
ts
,
an
d
a
s
u
p
er
s
tr
ate
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
in
iatu
r
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
in
[
2
5
]
p
r
esen
ts
a
m
in
iatu
r
ized
d
u
al
-
elem
en
t
Me
d
R
ad
io
MI
MO
an
te
n
n
a
th
at
em
p
lo
y
s
a
s
p
ir
al
r
ad
iato
r
,
a
h
elica
l
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
a
n
d
f
o
ld
e
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
t
r
ip
s
to
wid
en
b
an
d
wid
th
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
is
o
latio
n
.
A
tr
ip
le
-
b
an
d
im
p
lan
tab
le
an
t
en
n
a
s
y
s
tem
i
n
[
2
6
]
f
u
r
th
er
r
e
d
u
ce
s
s
ize
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
ea
n
d
er
e
d
r
ad
iatin
g
p
at
h
s
,
an
o
p
en
-
e
n
d
ed
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
lo
t,
an
d
a
s
h
o
r
tin
g
p
in
,
wh
ile
its
in
teg
r
atio
n
with
m
icr
o
elec
tr
o
n
ics
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
its
ev
alu
ated
lin
k
b
u
d
g
et
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
its
u
s
e
in
v
ar
ied
in
-
b
o
d
y
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
ap
i
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
wea
r
ab
le
an
d
im
p
lan
ta
b
le
an
ten
n
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
b
y
en
ab
lin
g
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
f
o
r
m
ed
ical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
an
ten
n
as,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
f
r
a
ctal
-
b
ased
wea
r
ab
le
d
esig
n
s
to
u
ltra
-
co
m
p
ac
t
im
p
la
n
tab
le
s
y
s
tem
s
,
h
av
e
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
ated
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
in
b
an
d
wid
th
,
g
ain
,
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
s
af
ety
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
in
m
ee
tin
g
SAR
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
n
o
w
in
teg
r
al
t
o
body
-
ce
n
tr
ic
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
,
th
er
ap
y
,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
m
ater
ial
s
cien
ce
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
in
iatu
r
izatio
n
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
atio
n
h
av
e
f
u
r
th
er
en
h
an
ce
d
th
eir
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
m
ak
in
g
th
e
m
in
d
is
p
en
s
ab
le
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
b
io
m
ed
ic
al
d
ev
ices.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
ess
en
tial
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
is
ev
o
lv
in
g
f
ield
.
Sectio
n
2
co
v
er
s
th
e
cr
itical
d
esig
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
f
o
r
wea
r
ab
le
an
d
im
p
lan
ta
b
le
an
ten
n
as,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
a
n
d
m
ater
ial
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Sectio
n
3
d
elv
es
in
to
th
e
k
ey
ev
alu
atio
n
m
etr
ics
th
at
d
eter
m
in
e
th
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
s
af
ety
.
Sectio
n
4
p
r
esen
ts
r
ec
en
t
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
in
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
l
e
an
ten
n
a
s
y
s
tem
s
tailo
r
ed
to
d
y
n
am
ic
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
Fin
ally
,
s
ec
tio
n
5
s
u
m
m
ar
izes th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
an
d
o
u
t
lin
es f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
2.
DE
S
I
G
N
ASPE
CT
S O
F
WE
ARAB
L
E
A
ND
I
M
P
L
A
NT
A
B
L
E
AN
T
E
N
NAS
R
ec
en
t
r
esear
ch
o
n
wea
r
ab
l
e
an
d
im
p
lan
tab
le
a
n
ten
n
as
h
as
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
co
m
p
ac
tn
ess
,
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
n
ea
r
th
e
h
u
m
an
b
o
d
y
.
Key
d
esig
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
in
clu
d
e
u
s
in
g
lo
w
-
lo
s
s
s
u
b
s
tr
ates,
o
p
tim
izin
g
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
es,
an
d
m
o
d
i
f
y
in
g
an
ten
n
a
g
eo
m
etr
y
to
m
ain
tain
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
m
atch
i
n
g
a
n
d
b
an
d
wid
t
h
.
Flex
ib
le
m
ater
ials
an
d
co
m
p
ac
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
h
elp
en
s
u
r
e
c
o
m
f
o
r
t
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
ess
en
tial
d
esig
n
asp
ec
ts
b
ase
d
o
n
th
ese
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
an
d
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wid
eb
an
d
an
ten
n
a.
2
.
1
.
Ro
le
o
f
c
o
nd
uct
iv
e
m
a
t
e
ria
l
T
h
e
m
ater
ial
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
ele
m
en
ts
o
f
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
p
lay
s
a
cr
itical
r
o
le
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
its
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
alit
y
.
I
t
m
u
s
t
en
s
u
r
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
s
ig
n
al
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
allo
w
f
o
r
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
n
wea
r
ab
le
a
n
ten
n
a
s
y
s
tem
s
,
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
co
r
e
o
f
b
o
th
r
a
d
iatin
g
ele
m
en
ts
an
d
f
ee
d
lin
es,
en
ab
lin
g
ef
f
icien
t
s
ig
n
al
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
m
ater
ial
o
th
er
th
an
co
p
p
er
,
th
at
in
clu
d
es
s
ilv
er
,
Ag
NW
/P
DM
S,
Gr
ap
h
en
e
an
d
g
o
ld
wh
o
s
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ar
e
s
tu
d
ied
in
[
2
7
]
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
tu
n
in
g
i
n
[
1
]
was
ac
h
iev
e
d
b
y
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
v
ar
io
u
s
s
lo
t
g
eo
m
etr
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
v
er
tical
in
c
is
io
n
s
an
d
in
v
e
r
ted
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
8
2
7
-
841
830
“
C
”
s
h
ap
es,
en
h
an
cin
g
im
p
ed
an
ce
alig
n
m
en
t
an
d
b
a
n
d
wid
th
with
o
u
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
af
f
ec
tin
g
r
a
d
iatio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
in
[
2
]
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
a
m
etal
-
in
s
u
lato
r
-
m
etal
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
wh
er
e
a
cir
cu
lar
m
etal
d
is
k
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
at
th
e
f
ee
d
tip
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
co
u
p
lin
g
a
n
d
m
in
im
izes
s
ig
n
al
r
etu
r
n
.
A
s
im
ilar
r
elian
ce
o
n
c
o
n
d
u
ctiv
e
p
ath
w
ay
s
is
s
ee
n
in
[
3
]
,
wh
er
e
a
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
-
f
ed
a
n
ten
n
a
i
n
teg
r
ates
a
PIN
d
io
d
e
to
allo
w
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
ac
r
o
s
s
I
SM
b
an
d
s
.
I
n
[
4
]
,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
s
tack
ed
,
u
m
b
r
ella
-
s
h
ap
ed
r
ad
iato
r
s
u
s
in
g
s
tan
d
a
r
d
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
m
ate
r
ials
,
m
o
d
eled
with
s
im
p
lifie
d
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
tr
ea
tin
g
th
e
b
atter
y
as
a
p
er
f
ec
t
co
n
d
u
cto
r
to
e
v
alu
ate
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
et
ic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
ac
cu
r
ately
.
T
e
x
tile
-
b
ased
d
esig
n
s
in
[
5
]
u
s
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
t
h
r
ea
d
s
e
m
b
r
o
id
e
r
ed
o
n
to
f
ab
r
ic
to
c
r
ea
te
b
o
th
th
e
p
atch
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
ac
ce
p
tab
le
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
AM
C
u
n
it
d
esig
n
in
[
6
]
em
p
lo
y
s
p
atter
n
ed
m
etallic
g
eo
m
etr
ies,
s
u
ch
as
co
m
b
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
to
tu
n
e
s
u
b
-
GHz
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
h
ield
in
g
n
ea
r
th
e
h
u
m
an
b
o
d
y
.
An
ten
n
as
lik
e
th
e
o
n
e
in
[
7
]
u
s
e
Mo
o
r
e
’
s
f
r
ac
t
al
s
h
ap
es
etch
ed
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
ct
iv
e
lay
er
s
to
cr
ea
te
ef
f
icien
t
cu
r
r
en
t
p
at
h
s
.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
in
[
8
]
f
ea
tu
r
es
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
lay
o
u
ts
o
p
tim
ized
f
o
r
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
-
f
e
d
an
d
lo
o
p
-
b
ased
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
to
m
ain
tain
m
in
im
al
s
ig
n
al
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
d
u
al
-
p
o
lar
ized
wea
r
ab
le
an
ten
n
a
in
[
1
0
]
,
u
s
ed
f
o
r
b
r
ea
s
t
ca
n
ce
r
d
etec
ti
o
n
,
u
s
es
co
p
p
e
r
tr
ac
es
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
cu
r
r
en
t
in
d
u
c
tio
n
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
d
u
al
-
ax
is
p
o
lar
izatio
n
an
d
s
tab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
lay
er
in
[
1
1
]
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
at
ch
,
en
ab
lin
g
s
ig
n
al
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
r
ec
ep
tio
n
.
I
t
s
g
eo
m
etr
y
co
n
tr
o
ls
p
o
lar
izati
o
n
an
d
im
p
e
d
an
ce
,
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
f
o
r
wea
r
a
b
le
u
s
e.
T
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
in
[
1
2
]
em
p
lo
y
s
co
p
p
er
as
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
lay
e
r
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
in
s
et
-
f
ed
p
atch
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
ef
f
ici
en
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
f
lo
w
an
d
s
tab
le
r
ad
iatio
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
c
o
p
p
er
m
etalliza
tio
n
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
r
ad
iatin
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
en
ab
lin
g
r
elia
b
le
in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
t
h
e
f
le
x
ib
le
p
o
ly
i
m
id
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
T
h
is
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
lay
er
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ate
s
en
s
in
g
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
wh
en
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
is
p
lace
d
n
ea
r
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
tis
s
u
e
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
tu
m
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
in
[
1
3
]
u
s
es self
-
ad
h
esiv
e
co
p
p
er
tap
e
as
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
lay
e
r
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
s
tab
le
cu
r
r
e
n
t
f
lo
w
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
b
o
w
-
tie
s
lo
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
I
ts
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
allo
ws
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
m
ater
ial
to
co
n
f
o
r
m
s
m
o
o
th
ly
to
th
e
d
e
n
im
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
wea
r
ab
le
o
p
e
r
atio
n
.
I
m
p
lan
tab
le
a
n
ten
n
as
r
eq
u
ir
e
p
r
ec
is
e
d
esig
n
o
f
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
tr
ac
es
th
at
a
r
e
ty
p
ically
s
e
aled
with
in
b
io
co
m
p
atib
le
lay
e
r
s
to
av
o
id
d
ir
ec
t tis
s
u
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
wh
ile
p
r
eser
v
in
g
elec
tr
ical
f
u
n
ctio
n
alit
y
.
I
n
[
1
4
]
,
f
ea
t
u
r
es
s
u
ch
as
s
lo
tted
p
atch
es,
s
h
o
r
tin
g
v
ias,
an
d
T
-
s
h
a
p
ed
r
eso
n
at
o
r
s
ar
e
in
clu
d
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
a
n
ten
n
a
s
ize
an
d
tailo
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
in
th
e
2
.
4
–
2
.
4
8
GHz
b
an
d
.
Ad
d
itio
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
lik
e
n
eu
tr
aliza
tio
n
lin
es
an
d
d
ef
ec
ted
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
la
n
es
h
elp
m
an
a
g
e
m
u
tu
al
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
in
m
u
lt
i
-
elem
en
t
s
etu
p
s
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
in
[
1
5
]
ad
o
p
ts
a
m
ea
n
d
er
ed
-
lin
e
p
atch
b
ac
k
ed
b
y
a
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e,
u
s
in
g
s
lo
ts
to
ex
ten
d
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
p
ath
an
d
a
m
i
n
iatu
r
e
co
ax
ial
f
ee
d
f
o
r
s
ig
n
al
in
p
u
t.
I
n
[
1
6
]
,
th
e
d
ip
o
le
r
a
d
iato
r
c
an
b
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
o
n
t
h
e
ca
p
s
u
le’
s
o
u
ter
s
h
ell
o
r
em
b
ed
d
e
d
with
in
,
with
ex
ter
n
al
p
lace
m
en
t
b
en
e
f
itin
g
f
r
o
m
d
ir
ec
t
in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
b
o
d
ily
f
lu
id
s
f
o
r
b
etter
m
atch
in
g
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
im
m
er
s
ed
co
a
x
ial
d
ip
o
l
e
an
ten
n
a
(
I
C
DA
)
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
en
h
an
ce
s
th
is
b
y
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
th
e
d
i
p
o
le
in
d
ei
o
n
ized
wate
r
to
m
in
im
ize
d
ie
lectr
ic
lo
s
s
es.
Desig
n
s
lik
e
[
1
8
]
em
p
l
o
y
c
o
p
p
e
r
-
b
ased
m
ea
n
d
er
ed
r
ad
iato
r
s
an
d
ce
n
tr
al
v
ias
to
lim
it
s
u
r
f
ac
e
wav
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
an
d
e
n
h
an
c
e
s
ig
n
al
is
o
latio
n
i
n
co
m
p
ac
t
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
in
[
1
9
]
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ates
s
h
o
r
tin
g
p
in
s
an
d
s
tr
ateg
ically
p
lace
d
s
lo
ts
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
cir
cu
l
ar
p
o
lar
izatio
n
an
d
b
r
o
a
d
er
b
a
n
d
wid
th
.
I
n
[
2
0
]
,
c
o
p
p
e
r
s
tr
ip
s
an
d
asy
m
m
etr
ical
g
r
o
u
n
d
-
p
la
n
e
c
u
ts
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
b
o
th
tu
n
i
n
g
an
d
p
o
lar
izatio
n
co
n
tr
o
l.
Similar
ly
,
[
2
1
]
u
tili
ze
s
co
p
p
er
t
o
f
ab
r
icate
co
m
p
a
ct
lo
o
p
elem
e
n
ts
an
d
s
h
o
r
tin
g
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
s
tr
o
n
g
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
p
ag
a
tio
n
ev
en
in
h
ig
h
-
d
ielec
tr
ic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
I
n
[
2
2
]
,
c
o
n
d
u
ctiv
e
s
p
ir
al
an
d
in
ter
d
ig
ital
b
r
an
c
h
es
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
d
if
f
er
en
tial
f
ee
d
i
n
g
,
en
co
u
r
a
g
in
g
r
ad
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n
m
o
d
es
th
at
lim
it
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
T
h
e
s
p
ir
al
r
ad
iato
r
in
[
2
3
]
is
tu
n
ed
f
o
r
o
p
er
atio
n
at
0
.
9
1
5
an
d
2
.
4
5
GHz
b
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
p
ath
elo
n
g
atio
n
a
n
d
s
lo
t
-
lo
a
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
with
a
c
o
ax
i
al
f
ee
d
,
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
alig
n
m
e
n
t
ac
r
o
s
s
b
o
th
b
an
d
s
.
T
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
in
[
2
4
]
u
s
es
m
etal
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
s
p
r
im
ar
ily
co
p
p
er
with
a
tin
-
co
ated
f
in
is
h
to
f
o
r
m
th
e
r
ad
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g
p
a
tch
,
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
la
n
e,
a
n
d
v
ia
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
elem
e
n
ts
g
u
id
e
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t f
lo
w
th
at
en
a
b
les d
u
al
-
b
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
m
ain
tain
s
tab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
wh
en
th
e
an
ten
n
a
is
im
p
lan
te
d
in
tis
s
u
e.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
in
[
2
5
]
u
s
es
m
etallic
s
p
ir
al
an
d
h
elix
lin
es
o
n
th
e
p
atch
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
t
o
g
u
id
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
ef
f
icien
tly
,
en
ab
lin
g
m
in
iatu
r
izatio
n
an
d
wid
e
im
p
e
d
an
ce
b
an
d
wid
th
.
T
h
ese
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
p
ath
s
also
m
ain
tain
lo
w
m
u
tu
al
co
u
p
lin
g
i
n
th
e
d
u
al
-
elem
en
t
MI
MO
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
[
2
6
]
u
s
es
m
etallic
tr
ac
es
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
er
p
en
tin
e
r
ad
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g
p
atch
,
s
h
o
r
tin
g
v
ia,
an
d
co
a
x
ial
f
ee
d
to
g
u
id
e
c
u
r
r
en
ts
ef
f
icien
tly
,
ac
h
iev
in
g
tr
ip
le
-
b
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
m
in
iatu
r
izatio
n
.
Gr
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
s
lo
ts
en
h
an
ce
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
in
g
an
d
cr
ea
te
an
ex
tr
a
r
eso
n
an
ce
with
o
u
t
alter
in
g
p
a
tch
cu
r
r
en
t.
C
o
n
d
u
cto
r
s
f
o
r
b
atter
ies
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
s
en
s
u
r
e
p
r
o
p
er
elec
tr
ical
co
n
n
e
ctiv
ity
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
im
p
lan
t
Acr
o
s
s
b
o
th
wea
r
ab
le
a
n
d
i
m
p
lan
tab
le
an
ten
n
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
m
ate
r
ials
p
lay
an
ess
en
tial
r
o
le
in
s
h
ap
in
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
c
o
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
r
ad
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n
b
eh
av
i
o
r
.
C
o
p
p
er
r
em
ain
s
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
u
e
to
its
s
u
p
er
io
r
elec
tr
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
th
o
u
g
h
alter
n
ativ
es
lik
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
t
ex
tiles
o
f
f
er
u
n
iq
u
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es
in
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
.
W
ea
r
ab
le
d
e
s
ig
n
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
l
o
w
-
p
r
o
f
ile,
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
le
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
th
at
m
ain
tain
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
esp
ite
m
o
v
em
en
t
a
n
d
b
o
d
y
p
r
o
x
i
m
ity
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
im
p
lan
tab
le
s
y
s
tem
s
d
em
an
d
b
io
co
m
p
atib
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y
,
co
m
p
ac
tn
ess
,
an
d
p
r
ec
is
e
tu
n
in
g
to
o
p
er
ate
ef
f
icien
tly
with
in
th
e
co
m
p
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d
ielec
tr
ic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
h
u
m
an
b
o
d
y
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I
n
b
o
th
ap
p
licatio
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s
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th
e
d
elib
er
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u
s
e
o
f
c
o
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d
u
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m
ater
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g
eo
m
etr
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d
esig
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an
d
s
tr
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ct
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r
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p
tim
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s
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r
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th
at
th
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m
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t
th
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p
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f
o
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m
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o
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ile
r
em
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in
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f
u
n
ctio
n
al
in
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
s
ettin
g
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J E
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&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Wea
r
a
b
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imp
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831
2
.
2
.
Ro
le
o
f
s
ub
s
t
ra
t
e
ma
t
er
ia
l
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
is
a
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
wea
r
ab
le
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
s
,
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
f
lex
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ilit
y
,
s
ize,
an
d
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
r
ig
h
t
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
m
ater
ial
h
elp
s
ac
h
i
ev
e
a
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
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tr
i
ca
l
ef
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
co
m
f
o
r
t
d
u
r
in
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s
e.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
s
elec
tio
n
f
o
r
wea
r
ab
l
e
an
ten
n
as
p
lay
s
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
f
lex
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ilit
y
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
o
v
e
r
all
an
ten
n
a
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
R
T
/d
u
r
o
id
5
8
8
0
,
u
s
ed
in
[
1
]
,
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
lo
w
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
(
εr
=
2
.
2
2
)
a
n
d
an
e
x
tr
em
ely
lo
w
lo
s
s
tan
g
en
t
(
tan
δ
=
0
.
0
0
0
9
)
,
en
a
b
lin
g
s
em
i
-
f
le
x
ib
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
th
at
co
n
f
o
r
m
well
to
th
e
h
u
m
an
b
o
d
y
w
h
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
b
r
o
a
d
b
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
.
Ar
lo
n
AD
4
5
0
,
as
s
ee
n
in
[
2
]
,
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
h
ig
h
er
r
elativ
e
p
e
r
m
itti
v
ity
(
εr
=
4
.
5
)
an
d
a
lo
w
l
o
s
s
tan
g
en
t
(
tan
δ
=
0
.
0
0
3
5
)
,
f
a
cilitatin
g
im
p
r
o
v
ed
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
in
g
a
n
d
t
h
e
ex
citatio
n
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
r
eso
n
a
n
t
m
o
d
es.
R
o
g
e
r
s
Du
r
o
id
R
O3
0
0
3
™
,
ad
o
p
ted
in
[
3
]
,
en
s
u
r
es
lo
w
d
ielec
tr
ic
lo
s
s
es
at
2
.
4
GHz
an
d
5
.
8
GHz
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies,
th
an
k
s
to
its
s
tab
le
εr
o
f
3
an
d
lo
w
tan
δ
o
f
0
.
0
0
1
3
.
Po
ly
im
id
e
,
ch
o
s
en
in
[
4
]
,
is
n
o
tab
le
f
o
r
its
ex
ce
p
tio
n
al
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
m
i
n
im
al
th
ick
n
ess
(
0
.
0
5
m
m
)
,
an
d
b
io
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
lay
er
e
d
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
with
o
u
t
s
ac
r
if
icin
g
co
m
f
o
r
t.
C
o
tto
n
f
ab
r
ic
is
ex
p
lo
r
ed
in
[
5
]
f
o
r
it
s
ea
s
e
o
f
em
b
r
o
id
er
y
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
(
εr
≈
1
.
6
,
tan
δ
≈
0
.
0
2
)
,
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
lo
w
-
p
r
o
f
ile
R
F
d
esig
n
s
.
A
n
an
o
c
o
m
p
o
s
ite
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
[
6
]
,
u
s
es
s
ilico
n
e
r
u
b
b
er
in
f
u
s
ed
with
B
aT
iO₃
to
b
o
o
s
t
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
(
ε
r
≈
6
.
2
4
)
wh
ile
r
etain
in
g
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
a
n
d
b
io
-
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
with
s
tr
ict
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
en
s
u
r
in
g
d
ielec
tr
ic
in
teg
r
ity
.
R
o
g
er
s
R
T
/Du
r
o
id
5
8
8
0
,
a
g
ain
u
tili
ze
d
in
[
7
]
,
is
v
alu
ed
f
o
r
its
PTFE
-
b
ased
c
o
m
p
o
s
ite
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
h
i
g
h
s
ig
n
al
in
teg
r
ity
in
b
r
o
a
d
b
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
[
8
]
,
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
m
p
ar
es
FR
4
an
d
R
o
g
e
r
s
5
8
8
0
f
o
r
C
PS
an
d
f
r
ac
tal
an
te
n
n
as,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
lo
wer
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
ts
en
h
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
al
s
tab
ilit
y
.
Kap
to
n
p
o
ly
im
id
e,
ex
a
m
in
ed
in
[
8
]
,
i
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
b
r
ea
s
t
-
co
n
f
o
r
m
al
an
ten
n
as,
b
alan
cin
g
εr
(
3
.
5
)
an
d
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
,
with
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
s
u
p
er
s
tr
ate
l
ay
er
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
b
io
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
m
ater
ial
ch
o
ices
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
b
alan
cin
g
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
p
h
y
s
ical
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
wea
r
ab
le
a
n
ten
n
a
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
f
elt
s
u
b
s
tr
at
e
[
2
2
]
e
n
s
u
r
es
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
a
n
d
co
m
f
o
r
t
f
o
r
wea
r
ab
le
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
ts
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
h
elp
m
ain
tain
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
an
d
s
tab
le
r
ad
iatio
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Ad
d
iti
o
n
ally
,
its
lo
w
co
s
t
an
d
s
im
p
le
f
ab
r
icatio
n
m
a
k
e
i
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
I
o
T
d
e
v
ices.
T
h
e
p
o
ly
im
id
e
an
ten
n
a
[
1
2
]
u
s
es
a
f
lex
ib
le,
lo
w
-
l
o
s
s
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
(
εr
=
3
.
5
,
lo
s
s
tan
g
en
t
0
.
0
0
1
)
,
e
n
ab
lin
g
s
tab
le
r
ad
iat
io
n
an
d
r
eliab
le
tu
m
o
r
s
en
s
in
g
o
n
h
u
m
a
n
tis
s
u
e.
T
h
e
b
o
w
-
tie
an
ten
n
a
[
1
3
]
o
n
d
en
im
(
εr
=
1
.
7
7
,
l
o
s
s
tan
g
en
t
0
.
0
3
0
3
4
,
0
.
7
m
m
th
ick
)
p
r
o
v
id
es
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le
wea
r
ab
le
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
I
n
b
o
th
d
esig
n
s
,
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate’
s
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
d
ielec
tr
ic
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
ten
n
a
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Fo
r
im
p
lan
tab
le
a
n
ten
n
as,
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
s
elec
tio
n
em
p
h
asize
s
m
in
iatu
r
izatio
n
,
b
i
o
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
an
d
elec
tr
ical
is
o
latio
n
with
in
th
e
lo
s
s
y
h
u
m
a
n
b
o
d
y
.
Hig
h
-
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
s
u
ch
as
R
o
g
er
s
R
O3
0
1
0
(
εr
=
1
0
.
2
,
tan
δ
≈
0
.
0
0
2
)
ar
e
r
e
p
ea
ted
ly
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
[
1
4
]
–
[
1
6
]
,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
s
ize
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
s
tab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
.
Sil
ico
n
e
co
atin
g
s
with
lo
wer
ε
r
(
≈
2
.
1
)
co
m
p
lem
en
t
th
ese
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
b
y
en
h
an
ci
n
g
b
io
-
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
cin
g
tis
s
u
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
Su
b
s
tr
ate/su
p
er
s
tr
ate
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
o
s
e
in
[
1
7
]
an
d
[
1
8
]
,
u
tili
ze
th
in
d
iel
ec
tr
ic
lay
er
s
to
m
itig
ate
s
u
r
f
ac
e
wav
e
ef
f
ec
ts
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
r
o
b
u
s
tn
es
s
.
R
o
g
er
s
R
T
/Du
r
o
id
6
0
1
0
,
u
s
ed
in
[
1
9
]
,
o
f
f
er
s
a
s
tab
le
h
i
g
h
-
εr
p
latf
o
r
m
th
at
en
h
an
ce
s
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
i
n
g
an
d
m
i
n
im
izes
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
v
ar
iatio
n
d
u
e
t
o
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
al
d
ielec
tr
ic
s
h
if
ts
.
I
n
ter
esti
n
g
ly
,
s
tu
d
y
[
2
0
]
ad
o
p
t
s
R
T
/Du
r
o
id
5
8
8
0
(
εr
=
2
.
2
)
f
o
r
a
cu
b
ic
an
ten
n
a
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
lev
er
a
g
in
g
lo
w
-
lo
s
s
attr
ib
u
tes
in
co
m
b
in
atio
n
with
tis
s
u
e
-
m
im
ick
in
g
AT
E
p
h
an
to
m
s
f
o
r
r
ea
lis
tic
m
o
d
elin
g
.
I
n
[
2
1
]
,
R
o
g
e
r
s
R
T
/Du
r
o
id
3
0
0
3
is
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
its
b
alan
ce
d
εr
(
3
)
an
d
b
io
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
r
eso
n
an
ce
i
n
th
e
2
.
4
5
GHz
an
d
5
.
8
GHz
I
SM
b
an
d
s
.
Hig
h
-
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
a
ter
ials
lik
e
ce
r
am
ic
alu
m
in
a
(
Al₂O₃
,
εr
=
9
.
8
)
ar
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
as
s
u
p
er
s
tr
ates
o
r
ca
s
in
g
s
in
[
2
2
]
an
d
[
2
3
]
to
e
n
h
an
ce
in
s
u
latio
n
an
d
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
s
tr
en
g
th
w
h
ile
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
elec
tr
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
lo
n
g
-
te
r
m
im
p
lan
t
s
af
ety
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
s
y
s
tem
s
en
s
u
r
e
m
in
im
al
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
lo
s
s
,
co
m
p
ac
t
f
o
r
m
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
s
af
e
o
p
er
atio
n
with
in
b
io
lo
g
ical
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
tab
u
lates
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
m
ater
ial,
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
an
d
ad
v
an
tag
es
in
wea
r
ab
le
an
d
i
m
p
lan
tab
le
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
in
[
2
4
]
u
s
es
R
o
g
er
s
6
0
1
0
L
M
as
its
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
an
d
s
u
p
er
s
tr
ate,
a
h
ig
h
-
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
m
ater
ial
th
at
h
elp
s
s
h
r
in
k
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
s
ize
with
o
u
t
s
ac
r
if
icin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
ts
lo
w
lo
s
s
es
allo
w
th
e
an
ten
n
a
to
o
p
er
ate
ef
f
icien
tly
ev
en
in
th
e
h
ig
h
ly
ab
s
o
r
p
tiv
e
h
u
m
an
tis
s
u
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
B
y
ad
d
in
g
a
s
u
p
er
s
tr
ate
lay
er
,
th
e
d
esig
n
also
m
in
im
izes
d
etu
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
tis
s
u
e
co
n
tact
a
n
d
h
elp
s
m
ain
tain
s
tab
le
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
r
eso
n
an
c
e.
R
o
g
er
s
R
T
6
0
1
0
is
u
s
ed
as
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
in
[
2
5
]
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
h
ig
h
-
p
e
r
m
itti
v
ity
p
latf
o
r
m
th
at
r
e
d
u
ce
s
an
ten
n
a
s
ize
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
im
p
ed
an
ce
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
A
th
in
b
io
co
m
p
atib
l
e
p
o
ly
eth
y
len
e
la
y
er
p
r
ev
en
ts
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
tact
with
th
e
s
k
in
,
s
tab
ilizin
g
th
e
an
ten
n
a’
s
r
eso
n
an
ce
wh
e
n
im
p
lan
t
ed
.
R
o
g
er
s
R
T
/d
u
r
io
d
6
0
1
0
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
tab
le
r
eso
n
an
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
all
th
r
ee
b
an
d
s
,
wh
il
e
en
ab
lin
g
m
in
iatu
r
izatio
n
[
2
6
]
.
B
io
co
m
p
atib
le
ce
r
am
ic
alu
m
in
a
en
ca
s
es
th
e
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
s
af
e
im
p
lan
tatio
n
,
p
r
o
tectin
g
tis
s
u
e
f
r
o
m
n
o
n
-
b
io
c
o
m
p
atib
le
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
an
d
elec
tr
o
n
ic
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Su
b
s
tr
ate
m
ater
ial
s
elec
tio
n
is
p
iv
o
tal
in
b
o
th
wea
r
ab
le
an
d
im
p
lan
tab
le
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
s
,
with
ea
ch
ap
p
licatio
n
p
r
esen
tin
g
u
n
iq
u
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
W
ea
r
ab
le
a
n
ten
n
as
p
r
io
r
itize
f
lex
i
b
ilit
y
,
co
m
f
o
r
t,
an
d
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
r
esil
ien
ce
,
th
u
s
f
av
o
r
in
g
m
ater
ials
s
u
ch
as
p
o
ly
im
id
e,
c
o
tto
n
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an
d
s
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n
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
ites
th
at
ca
n
co
n
f
o
r
m
to
th
e
h
u
m
an
b
o
d
y
wh
ile
p
r
eser
v
in
g
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
in
teg
r
it
y
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
im
p
lan
tab
le
an
ten
n
as
d
em
an
d
m
in
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r
izatio
n
,
elec
tr
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is
o
latio
n
,
an
d
b
i
o
-
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
d
r
iv
in
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
h
ig
h
-
p
er
m
it
tiv
ity
m
ater
ials
lik
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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2
0
8
8
-
8
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I
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&
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m
p
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g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
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2
,
Ap
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20
2
6
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2
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832
R
o
g
er
s
R
O3
0
1
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d
ce
r
am
ic
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m
in
a.
Acr
o
s
s
b
o
th
d
o
m
ain
s
,
a
ca
r
ef
u
l
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
,
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
g
o
v
er
n
s
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
ch
o
ice,
u
ltima
tely
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
an
ten
n
a
s
ize,
ef
f
ic
ien
cy
,
an
d
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
r
eliab
ili
ty
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Su
b
s
tr
ate
m
ater
ial
u
s
ed
in
wea
r
ab
le
a
n
d
im
p
la
n
tab
l
e
an
ten
n
as
2
.
3
.
F
a
brica
t
io
n
t
ec
hn
iqu
es
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
f
ab
r
icatin
g
w
ea
r
ab
le
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ten
n
as
in
v
o
lv
es
p
r
e
cisi
o
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
cr
ea
te
th
e
d
esire
d
g
eo
m
etr
y
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
m
u
s
t
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
b
o
th
elec
tr
ical
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
elia
b
le
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
o
f
wea
r
ab
le
a
n
ten
n
as,
as
s
ee
n
in
[
1
]
,
ad
o
p
ts
a
s
y
s
tem
atic,
m
u
lti
-
s
tag
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
r
in
ted
cir
cu
it
b
o
ar
d
(
PC
B
)
etch
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
in
s
with
a
b
asic
r
e
ctan
g
u
lar
p
atch
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ev
er
al
s
tag
es
o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
r
ef
i
n
em
en
t,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
etch
i
n
g
o
f
v
er
t
ical,
elo
n
g
ated
,
an
d
in
v
er
ted
“
C
”
s
lo
ts
in
to
th
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atch
t
o
en
h
an
ce
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
i
n
g
an
d
b
an
d
wid
th
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
ad
ju
s
tm
e
n
ts
to
th
e
f
ee
d
lin
e
in
v
o
lv
e
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
ap
er
tu
r
e
s
lo
ts
th
at
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
a
s
tep
p
ed
im
p
ed
an
ce
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
.
Similar
ly
,
in
[
2
]
,
h
ig
h
-
p
r
ec
is
io
n
PC
B
f
ab
r
icatio
n
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
r
ea
lize
p
e
r
io
d
ic
co
r
r
u
g
ated
s
lo
ts
an
d
a
ce
n
tr
al
m
etallic
d
is
k
with
a
0
.
5
m
m
air
g
ap
.
I
ter
ativ
e
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
r
ef
i
n
em
en
t
lead
s
to
en
h
an
ce
d
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
m
atch
in
g
an
d
r
a
d
iatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
wh
ile
s
tan
d
ar
d
SMA
co
n
n
ec
to
r
s
an
d
m
o
u
n
tin
g
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
ac
tical
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
in
[
3
]
is
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Mic
r
o
wav
e
Stu
d
io
an
d
f
ab
r
icate
d
with
p
r
ec
is
io
n
etch
i
n
g
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es.
Desig
n
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
an
in
v
er
ted
U
-
s
lo
t
an
d
s
lo
tted
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e,
en
a
b
le
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
wid
er
b
an
d
wid
th
.
A
s
u
r
f
ac
e
-
m
o
u
n
te
d
PIN
d
io
d
e
a
n
d
its
b
iasi
n
g
ci
r
cu
it
ar
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
f
o
r
ac
ti
v
e
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
ilit
y
.
I
n
[
4
]
,
a
h
ig
h
ly
co
m
p
ac
t
an
d
in
teg
r
ated
an
ten
n
a
s
y
s
tem
(
1
6
×
10
×
0
.
0
5
m
m
³)
is
b
u
ilt
o
n
a
p
o
ly
im
id
e
f
ilm
u
s
in
g
p
r
ec
is
io
n
lay
e
r
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
s
tack
ed
lay
er
s
h
o
u
s
in
g
b
io
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
elec
tr
o
n
ic
m
o
d
u
les,
with
a
co
ax
ial
f
ee
d
f
o
r
ex
citatio
n
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
v
alid
ated
u
s
in
g
a
f
o
u
r
-
lay
e
r
h
u
m
an
tis
s
u
e
m
o
d
el.
Dig
ital
em
b
r
o
id
e
r
y
is
em
p
l
o
y
ed
i
n
[
5
]
to
f
ab
r
icate
a
ci
r
cu
lar
m
u
ltip
o
r
t
r
ec
ten
n
a
ar
r
ay
d
ir
ec
tly
o
n
to
f
ab
r
ic.
E
ac
h
tr
ian
g
u
lar
p
atc
h
elem
en
t
in
clu
d
es
a
co
m
p
ac
tly
in
teg
r
ated
v
o
ltag
e
-
d
o
u
b
lin
g
r
ec
tifie
r
,
an
d
d
ec
o
u
p
lin
g
s
lo
ts
in
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
la
n
e
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
m
u
tu
al
c
o
u
p
lin
g
,
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
h
ig
h
is
o
latio
n
with
in
a
2
4
×2
4
cm
²
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
Ad
d
itiv
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es,
s
u
ch
as
f
u
s
ed
f
ilam
en
t
f
ab
r
icatio
n
(
FF
F),
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
[
6
]
to
ca
s
t
s
ilico
n
e
-
ce
r
am
ic
n
an
o
c
o
m
p
o
s
ite
s
u
b
s
tr
ates,
wh
ile
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
A
MC
p
atter
n
s
ar
e
ad
d
ed
u
s
i
n
g
s
cr
ee
n
p
r
i
n
tin
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Wea
r
a
b
le
a
n
d
imp
l
a
n
ta
b
le
a
n
ten
n
a
s
fo
r
h
ea
lth
c
a
r
e
a
p
p
lica
t
io
n
s
:
a
d
va
n
ce
men
ts
,
…
(
S
a
me
era
P
.
)
833
Min
iatu
r
izatio
n
is
ac
h
iev
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
e
o
m
etr
ic
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
th
at
ex
ten
d
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
p
at
h
.
I
n
[
7
]
,
f
r
ac
tal
an
d
lo
o
p
g
eo
m
etr
ies
a
r
e
p
atter
n
ed
u
s
in
g
p
r
ec
is
io
n
etch
in
g
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
a
p
ar
tially
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
p
lan
e
an
d
em
b
ed
d
e
d
s
lo
ts
to
en
h
an
ce
im
p
ed
an
ce
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
b
ac
k
-
l
o
b
e
r
ad
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
Mo
o
r
e’
s
f
r
ac
ta
l
an
ten
n
a
ap
p
lies
a
f
o
u
r
th
-
o
r
d
e
r
Mo
o
r
e
cu
r
v
e
with
in
a
lo
o
p
f
o
r
co
m
p
ac
tn
es
s
an
d
m
atch
in
g
.
I
n
[
8
]
,
a
s
q
u
ar
e
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
is
in
teg
r
ated
with
a
3
×
3
AM
C
ar
r
ay
u
s
in
g
a
win
d
m
ill
an
d
r
in
g
s
lo
t
p
atter
n
f
o
r
d
u
al
-
r
eso
n
an
ce
o
p
er
atio
n
.
AM
C
u
n
it
ce
ll
d
esig
n
ev
o
lv
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
eo
m
etr
ic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
r
o
ad
b
a
n
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
.
L
astl
y
,
s
tu
d
y
[
1
0
]
d
etails
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
C
PW
f
ee
d
lin
es
o
p
tim
ized
f
o
r
Kap
to
n
s
u
b
s
tr
ates.
B
o
th
s
in
g
le
-
an
d
d
u
al
-
p
o
lar
izatio
n
an
ten
n
as u
n
d
er
g
o
g
e
o
m
etr
ic
tu
n
in
g
to
m
ain
tain
|
S1
1
|
<
-
1
0
d
B
ac
r
o
s
s
2
–
4
GHz
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
v
ar
iab
le
an
ato
m
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
in
[
1
1
]
em
p
lo
y
s
a
f
lex
ib
le
f
elt
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
with
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
f
ab
r
ic
o
n
b
o
th
s
id
es,
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
co
m
p
ac
t
an
d
wea
r
ab
le
a
n
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
C
AD
-
b
ased
p
atter
n
is
laser
-
cu
t
an
d
ad
h
er
ed
t
o
th
e
f
elt
u
s
in
g
ec
o
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
id
ed
tap
e.
A
3
m
m
h
o
le
is
d
r
illed
8
.
5
m
m
o
f
f
-
ce
n
te
r
,
an
d
a
5
0
Ω
SMA
co
n
n
ec
to
r
is
s
o
ld
er
e
d
to
co
m
p
lete
th
e
an
ten
n
a
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
i
n
[
1
2
]
is
f
ab
r
i
ca
ted
o
n
a
f
le
x
ib
le
p
o
ly
im
id
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
with
co
p
p
er
m
etalliza
tio
n
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
in
s
et
-
f
ed
p
atch
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
.
Stan
d
ar
d
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
f
ab
r
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
ef
in
e
th
e
p
atch
an
d
s
lo
t
g
eo
m
etr
y
,
o
p
tim
ized
f
o
r
tu
m
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
.
An
ten
n
a
in
[
1
3
]
is
b
u
ilt
o
n
a
d
en
im
tex
tile
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
with
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
elem
en
ts
f
o
r
m
ed
f
r
o
m
s
elf
-
ad
h
esiv
e
co
p
p
er
tap
e.
T
h
e
tap
e
is
p
r
ec
is
ely
cu
t
u
s
in
g
a
laser
cu
tter
an
d
b
o
n
d
e
d
to
b
o
th
s
id
es
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
wh
ile
a
3
m
m
th
r
o
u
g
h
-
h
o
le
ac
co
m
m
o
d
a
tes
th
e
SMA
co
n
n
ec
to
r
.
T
h
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
es
ec
o
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
ad
h
esiv
es
an
d
p
r
eser
v
es th
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
n
ee
d
e
d
f
o
r
co
m
f
o
r
t
ab
le
wea
r
ab
le
ap
p
licatio
n
s
I
m
p
lan
tab
le
an
ten
n
a
f
ab
r
icatio
n
b
eg
in
s
in
[
1
4
]
with
a
s
lo
tted
p
atch
d
esig
n
en
h
an
ce
d
v
ia
T
-
s
h
ap
ed
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
an
d
s
h
o
r
tin
g
v
ias
t
o
r
ed
u
ce
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
an
d
o
p
tim
ize
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
.
Du
al
-
an
ten
n
a
v
er
s
io
n
s
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
h
ar
ed
g
r
o
u
n
d
a
n
d
d
ec
o
u
p
lin
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
n
eu
t
r
aliza
tio
n
lin
es
an
d
d
ef
ec
te
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
(
DGS)
,
to
s
u
p
p
r
ess
m
u
tu
al
co
u
p
lin
g
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
is
o
latio
n
.
I
n
[
1
5
]
,
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
r
ef
in
ed
b
y
s
lo
t
etch
in
g
,
ex
ten
d
i
n
g
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
p
ath
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
r
eso
n
an
ce
at
4
0
2
MH
z
with
a
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
−2
3
d
B
.
Fab
r
icatio
n
in
v
o
lv
es
p
r
ec
is
io
n
etch
in
g
o
n
R
0
3
0
1
0
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
with
s
ilico
n
e
co
atin
g
s
,
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
u
s
in
g
C
ST
an
d
HFSS
to
v
alid
ate
SA
R
an
d
g
ain
with
in
m
u
lti
-
lay
er
ed
tis
s
u
e
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
in
[
1
6
]
u
tili
ze
s
R
o
g
er
s
R
O3
0
1
0
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
with
co
ax
ial
f
ee
d
in
g
an
d
in
teg
r
ates
m
ea
n
d
er
e
d
lin
es
an
d
s
lo
ts
f
o
r
m
in
iatu
r
izatio
n
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
tu
n
in
g
.
B
io
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
is
en
s
u
r
ed
with
a
s
ilico
n
e
co
atin
g
.
I
n
[
1
8
]
,
s
em
icir
cu
lar
m
ea
n
d
er
e
d
r
a
d
iato
r
s
an
d
a
m
etallic
v
ia
a
r
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltil
ay
e
r
PC
B
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
E
lectr
o
m
ag
n
etic
s
im
u
latio
n
s
an
d
eq
u
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
it
m
o
d
elin
g
in
Key
s
ig
h
t
ADS
p
r
ec
ed
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
to
ty
p
in
g
to
en
s
u
r
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
Similar
ly
,
s
tu
d
y
[
1
9
]
in
teg
r
ates
ce
n
tr
o
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
s
lo
t
lo
ad
in
g
an
d
m
etallic
s
h
o
r
tin
g
elem
en
ts
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
in
iatu
r
i
za
tio
n
an
d
d
u
al
-
b
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
r
el
y
in
g
o
n
m
u
ltil
ay
er
al
ig
n
m
en
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
ty
p
ical
o
f
h
ig
h
-
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
b
io
m
ed
ical
an
ten
n
as.
T
h
e
f
a
b
r
icatio
n
in
[
2
0
]
in
v
o
lv
es
etch
in
g
“
S
”
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
ea
n
d
er
ed
p
atch
es
o
n
m
u
ltip
le
cu
b
e
f
ac
es,
u
s
in
g
d
r
y
s
o
lid
p
h
an
to
m
s
to
em
u
late
tis
s
u
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
Var
ian
ts
f
r
o
m
An
t
-
0
to
An
t
-
3
ar
e
a
n
aly
ze
d
f
o
r
cir
cu
lar
p
o
lar
izatio
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
.
I
n
[
2
1
]
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
h
o
to
lith
o
g
r
ap
h
y
an
d
PC
B
etch
in
g
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
in
t
an
ten
n
a
elem
en
ts
o
n
a
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
wh
ich
is
th
en
h
o
u
s
ed
in
a
titan
iu
m
en
clo
s
u
r
e
(
εr
=
4
3
)
t
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
b
i
o
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
.
Pre
cise
s
p
ac
in
g
an
d
elem
e
n
t
alig
n
m
en
t
ar
e
cr
itical
f
o
r
in
ter
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
A
m
o
r
e
m
an
u
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
f
o
llo
wed
in
[
2
2
]
,
wh
er
e
3
D
p
r
in
tin
g
an
d
h
a
n
d
ass
em
b
ly
f
o
r
m
a
cu
b
ic
ca
s
in
g
u
s
in
g
ce
r
a
m
ic
a
lu
m
in
a
s
h
ee
ts
an
d
Sty
r
o
f
o
am
ca
v
ities
f
o
r
E
M
d
ec
o
u
p
lin
g
.
Feed
in
g
p
o
r
ts
ar
e
ad
d
ed
f
o
r
in
-
s
itu
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
.
Fin
ally
,
st
udy
[
2
3
]
f
ab
r
icate
s
a
m
u
ltil
ay
er
an
ten
n
a
with
s
p
ir
al
r
ad
iato
r
s
,
s
u
p
er
s
tr
ates,
an
d
em
b
ed
d
ed
s
lo
ts
.
C
o
ated
with
alu
m
in
a
f
o
r
p
r
o
tectio
n
a
n
d
b
i
o
co
m
p
atib
il
ity
,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
is
tu
n
ed
u
s
in
g
etch
ed
s
lo
t
p
atter
n
s
an
d
s
h
o
r
ten
ed
s
tr
ip
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
m
atch
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
ca
r
ef
u
l
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
in
d
u
ctiv
e
an
d
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
is
f
ab
r
icate
d
u
s
in
g
R
o
g
er
s
6
0
1
0
L
M
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
m
ater
ial,
wh
ich
is
cu
t
an
d
p
atter
n
ed
to
f
o
r
m
th
e
p
atch
,
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
,
a
n
d
v
ia
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es.
A
th
in
co
ati
n
g
is
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
s
u
r
f
ac
es
t
o
p
r
ev
en
t
co
r
r
o
s
io
n
d
u
r
in
g
im
p
lan
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
a
n
d
s
u
p
er
s
tr
ate
lay
er
s
ar
e
th
en
b
o
n
d
e
d
u
s
in
g
a
lig
h
t
a
d
h
esi
v
e,
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
in
teg
r
ity
with
o
u
t
af
f
ec
tin
g
t
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a’
s
elec
tr
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
p
lan
a
r
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
as
[
2
5
]
a
r
e
p
atter
n
ed
o
n
th
e
R
o
g
er
s
R
T
6
0
1
0
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
with
s
p
ir
al
r
ad
iato
r
s
an
d
h
elix
g
r
o
u
n
d
lin
es.
T
h
e
d
u
al
-
elem
en
t
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
is
r
ea
lized
b
y
p
laci
n
g
two
elem
en
ts
clo
s
e
to
g
eth
er
,
a
n
d
a
th
in
b
io
co
m
p
atib
le
co
atin
g
is
a
p
p
lied
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
tis
s
u
e
co
n
tact,
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
an
d
elec
tr
ical
in
teg
r
ity
.
T
h
e
s
er
p
e
n
tin
e
p
atch
[
2
6
]
,
o
p
e
n
-
en
d
ed
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
lo
t,
an
d
s
h
o
r
tin
g
v
ia
ar
e
p
atter
n
e
d
o
n
th
e
R
o
g
er
s
6
0
1
0
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
T
h
e
co
ax
ial
f
ee
d
is
ca
r
e
f
u
lly
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
f
o
r
im
p
e
d
an
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
,
an
d
th
e
e
n
tire
d
ev
ice,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
b
atter
ies,
is
en
ca
p
s
u
lated
in
ce
r
am
ic
alu
m
in
a
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
s
af
e
im
p
lan
tatio
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
g
iv
es su
m
m
ar
y
o
f
Fab
r
icatio
n
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
es u
s
ed
in
W
ea
r
ab
l
e
an
d
I
m
p
lan
tab
le
An
ten
n
as.
T
h
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es
f
o
r
wea
r
ab
le
an
d
im
p
lan
tab
le
an
ten
n
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
d
iv
er
s
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
m
ater
ials
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
,
an
d
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
m
eth
o
d
s
tailo
r
e
d
to
ea
ch
d
o
m
ain
'
s
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
W
ea
r
ab
le
an
ten
n
as
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
tex
tile
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
ad
d
itiv
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
,
an
d
g
eo
m
etr
ic
m
in
iatu
r
izatio
n
co
m
p
ati
b
le
with
f
lex
ib
le
s
u
b
s
tr
ates.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
im
p
lan
tab
le
an
ten
n
as
p
r
io
r
itize
b
io
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
m
in
iatu
r
izatio
n
,
an
d
s
tab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
with
i
n
th
e
h
u
m
an
b
o
d
y
,
r
ely
i
n
g
o
n
p
r
ec
is
e
m
u
ltil
ay
er
PC
B
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
p
r
o
tectiv
e
co
atin
g
s
.
Acr
o
s
s
b
o
th
d
o
m
ain
s
,
s
im
u
latio
n
-
d
r
iv
e
n
d
esig
n
iter
atio
n
,
ca
r
ef
u
l
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
s
elec
tio
n
,
an
d
im
p
e
d
an
ce
tu
n
i
n
g
a
r
e
ce
n
t
r
al
to
ac
h
i
ev
in
g
e
f
f
icien
t,
c
o
m
p
ac
t,
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
an
ten
n
a
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
8
2
7
-
841
834
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Su
m
m
ar
y
o
f
f
a
b
r
icat
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
es in
wea
r
ab
le
a
n
d
im
p
lan
tab
le
a
n
ten
n
as
2
.
4
.
Ant
enna
s
t
ruct
ure
T
h
e
an
ten
n
as
ar
e
en
g
in
ee
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
g
e
o
m
etr
ical
en
h
an
ce
m
en
ts
an
d
in
teg
r
atio
n
with
tu
n
in
g
elem
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
s
lo
ts
,
s
h
o
r
tin
g
v
ias,
o
r
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
cir
cu
its
,
to
m
ee
t
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
tar
g
ets
in
clu
d
in
g
b
an
d
wid
th
,
g
ain
,
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
,
a
n
d
s
ize
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
eir
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
is
o
f
ten
g
u
id
ed
b
y
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
iter
ativ
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
in
g
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
m
p
atib
i
lity
with
wea
r
ab
le
o
r
im
p
la
n
tab
le
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
esp
ec
ially
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
h
u
m
an
tis
s
u
e.
T
h
is
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
ca
teg
o
r
izes
an
d
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
twen
ty
r
ec
en
t
citatio
n
s
,
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
wea
r
ab
le
an
d
im
p
l
an
tab
le
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
in
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
s
an
d
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
.
I
n
[
1
]
,
a
f
i
v
e
-
s
tag
e
a
n
ten
n
a
ev
o
lu
tio
n
(
An
t
-
I
to
An
t
-
V)
was
p
r
esen
ted
,
s
tar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
a
s
im
p
le
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
an
i
n
v
er
ted
“
C
”
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
t
an
d
f
ee
d
lin
e
a
p
er
tu
r
e
s
lo
ts
,
ac
h
iev
in
g
r
eso
n
an
ce
at
2
.
3
9
GHz
with
o
v
e
r
1
2
%
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
b
an
d
wi
d
th
.
Z
h
an
g
et
a
l.
[
2
]
d
escr
ib
ed
a
s
tag
ed
d
esig
n
s
tar
tin
g
with
p
o
o
r
im
p
ed
a
n
c
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
en
d
i
n
g
with
Fab
r
y
-
Per
o
t
r
eso
n
a
n
t
b
e
h
av
io
r
u
s
in
g
MI
M
co
r
r
u
g
atio
n
s
an
d
a
m
etallic
d
i
s
k
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
in
[
3
]
a
d
d
ed
a
n
in
v
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ted
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
t
a
n
d
a
b
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n
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cir
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ak
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l.
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tu
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s
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n
[
5
]
,
eq
u
ilater
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tr
ian
g
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lar
m
icr
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tr
ip
p
atch
es
wer
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4
5
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6
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lik
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io
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en
t
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u
r
f
ac
es.
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l.
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7
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m
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a
Mo
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r
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i
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[
8
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esig
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[
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u
r
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3
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R
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r
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a
s
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r
es in
h
ea
l
th
ca
r
e
ap
p
licatio
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s
[
1
]
[
2
]
[
3
]
[
4
]
[
5
]
[
6
]
[
7
]
[
8
]
[
10
]
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I
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2
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[
11
]
[
12
]
[
1
3
]
[
15
]
[
16
]
[
17
]
[
18
]
[
19
]
[
20
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.