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r
o
d
u
cts
an
d
s
e
r
v
ic
es
t
o
p
e
n
et
r
at
e
th
e
m
ai
n
s
t
r
ea
m
a
n
d
‘
g
o
g
lo
b
al
’
i
n
a
m
att
er
o
f
m
o
n
t
h
s
,
wi
th
p
o
lic
y
a
n
d
r
e
g
u
l
ati
o
n
o
f
te
n
s
tr
u
g
g
li
n
g
t
o
k
ee
p
u
p
[
6
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
4
I
R
to
b
e
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
,
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
ts
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
s
w
ill
n
ee
d
to
ad
ap
t
q
u
ick
ly
with
th
e
r
ap
i
d
ly
ev
o
lv
in
g
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
en
a
b
lin
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
s
af
eg
u
a
r
d
s
,
in
v
estme
n
t
an
d
o
v
er
s
ig
h
t
to
g
u
id
e
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
th
at
is
b
ein
g
b
u
ilt.
Su
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
p
a
r
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
will
b
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
u
n
lo
ck
an
d
s
ca
le
in
n
o
v
atio
n
o
n
e
m
er
g
in
g
an
d
p
o
ten
tially
g
am
e
-
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
an
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
p
eo
p
le
an
d
th
e
wo
r
ld
.
Fo
r
esi
g
h
t,
p
u
b
lic
p
o
licies
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
will
b
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
av
o
i
d
o
r
m
in
im
ize
u
n
in
ten
d
ed
c
o
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
f
o
r
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t [
7
]
.
T
h
e
2
0
3
0
ag
en
d
a
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
aim
s
to
in
teg
r
ate
an
d
in
d
iv
is
ib
le
an
d
b
alan
ce
th
e
th
r
ee
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
wh
ich
a
r
e
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
s
o
cial
,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
g
o
als
(
SDGs
)
ar
e
a
s
et
o
f
1
7
g
l
o
b
al
g
o
als
ad
o
p
ted
b
y
all
Un
ited
Natio
n
s
Me
m
b
er
States
in
2
0
1
5
as
p
a
r
t
o
f
th
e
2
0
3
0
ag
en
d
a
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
ese
g
o
als
ar
e
aim
ed
at
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
g
lo
b
al
ch
allen
g
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
o
v
er
t
y
,
in
eq
u
ality
,
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
,
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
.
T
h
e
SDGs
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
wo
r
ld
wid
e
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
ese
g
o
als
d
ep
en
d
s
to
a
la
r
g
e
e
x
ten
t
o
n
t
h
e
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
o
o
d
p
u
b
lic
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
SDGs
alo
n
g
with
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
a
n
d
th
e
s
k
ills
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
4
I
R
,
ar
e
in
ter
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
in
th
e
p
u
r
s
u
it
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
s
k
ills
ass
o
ciate
d
with
4
I
R
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
en
ab
le
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
e
n
d
e
cisi
o
n
-
m
ak
in
g
in
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ec
to
r
s
[
1
0
]
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
AI
an
d
d
ata
an
aly
tics
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
o
p
tim
ize
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
wh
ile
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
in
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
.
Dig
ital
liter
ac
y
an
d
4
I
R
s
k
ill
s
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
h
ar
n
ess
in
g
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
ad
d
r
es
s
SDG
ch
allen
g
es
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
W
h
ile
t
h
e
SDGs
h
o
ld
g
r
ea
t
p
o
ten
tial,
th
eir
c
o
ll
ec
tiv
e
s
u
cc
ess
will
d
ep
en
d
o
n
a
f
ew
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
t
h
e
ex
ten
t
t
o
wh
ich
s
tates
f
o
r
m
alize
th
eir
co
m
m
itm
en
ts
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
ass
o
ciate
d
g
lo
b
al
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
tr
an
s
late
g
lo
b
al
g
o
als in
to
n
atio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
,
in
teg
r
ate
s
ec
to
r
al
p
o
licies,
an
d
k
ee
p
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
f
lex
i
b
le
[
9
]
.
R
esear
ch
co
m
m
u
n
ities
m
ay
also
p
lay
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
r
o
le
in
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
tr
u
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
m
atch
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
with
cu
r
r
en
t
g
o
v
er
n
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
an
d
in
te
g
r
a
tin
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
s
o
cial,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
L
ab
o
u
r
Or
g
an
izatio
n
(
I
L
O)
2
0
0
8
d
e
clar
atio
n
o
n
s
o
cial
ju
s
tice
f
o
r
a
f
air
g
lo
b
aliza
tio
n
s
tr
ess
ed
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
m
ak
in
g
th
e
aim
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
an
d
d
ec
en
t
wo
r
k
f
o
r
all
a
p
r
im
a
r
y
g
o
al
o
f
s
tate
p
o
licies.
Alo
n
g
with
“
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t,
s
o
cial
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
a
n
d
lab
o
r
r
ig
h
ts
,
”
“
s
o
cial
d
ialo
g
u
e
”
r
e
m
ain
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
I
L
O
’
s
f
o
u
r
s
tr
ateg
ic
o
b
jectiv
es
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
ep
a
r
e
h
ig
h
-
lev
el
s
k
illed
lab
o
r
in
th
e
n
atio
n
al
la
b
o
r
m
ar
k
et,
th
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
d
eter
m
i
n
es
th
at
T
VE
T
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
tr
en
g
th
en
ed
a
n
d
d
ig
n
if
ied
[
1
3
]
.
As
Ma
lay
s
ia
m
o
v
es
to
wa
r
d
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
n
atio
n
s
tatu
s
,
it
n
ee
d
s
wo
r
ld
-
class
s
k
illed
talen
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
T
VE
T
,
as
cu
r
r
en
t
s
k
ills
lag
b
eh
in
d
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
ad
v
an
c
es
am
id
th
e
4
I
R
.
T
h
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
th
at
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
u
s
will
alter
all
asp
ec
ts
o
f
life
an
d
th
e
s
k
ill
s
ets
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
in
b
o
t
h
o
ld
,
n
ew
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
s
will
ch
an
g
e
in
m
o
s
t
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
h
o
w
an
d
wh
e
r
e
p
eo
p
le
wo
r
k
.
I
t
m
a
y
also
af
f
ec
t
f
em
ale
an
d
m
ale
wo
r
k
er
s
d
if
f
e
r
en
tly
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics o
f
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
’
s
g
en
d
er
g
ap
[
3
]
.
T
h
is
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
4
.
0
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
jo
b
s
k
ills
in
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
I
t
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
f
o
s
ter
s
elf
-
p
o
ten
t
ial
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
n
ex
citin
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
t
o
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
o
ciety
f
o
r
th
e
b
etter
[
1
4
]
.
C
y
p
r
u
s
Ped
ag
o
g
ical
I
n
s
titu
te
[
1
5
]
also
m
en
tio
n
ed
th
at
it
is
cr
u
cial
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
g
lo
b
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
as
well
as
m
ee
t
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
2
1
s
t
ce
n
tu
r
y
jo
b
m
a
r
k
et
w
h
ich
in
clu
d
es
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
t
h
in
k
cr
itically
,
tak
e
in
itiativ
e,
u
s
e
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
,
s
o
l
v
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
to
g
eth
e
r
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
e
4
I
R
in
teg
r
ates
p
h
y
s
ical,
d
i
g
ital,
an
d
b
io
lo
g
ical
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
cr
ea
tin
g
m
ajo
r
im
p
ac
ts
an
d
s
u
s
tain
in
g
s
tr
o
n
g
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
s
k
illed
tech
n
ical
wo
r
k
er
s
d
esp
ite
e
d
u
ca
ted
y
o
u
th
u
n
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
n
ee
d
to
e
m
b
r
ac
e
s
k
ill
s
ets
f
o
r
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
m
u
s
t
s
tar
t
f
r
o
m
n
o
w.
T
h
is
r
esear
c
h
d
ev
elo
p
s
p
o
licies
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
to
alig
n
T
VE
T
with
f
u
tu
r
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
n
ee
d
s
an
d
b
u
ild
a
r
esil
ien
t,
f
u
tu
r
e
-
r
ea
d
y
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
.
Desp
ite
th
e
p
r
o
life
r
atio
n
o
f
n
atio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
ies
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
4
.
0
a
n
d
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
s
k
ills
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
p
o
licies
o
f
ten
r
em
ain
in
s
titu
tio
n
ally
f
r
ag
m
e
n
ted
an
d
u
n
ev
en
l
y
g
o
v
er
n
ed
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
Ma
lay
s
ia
an
d
elsewh
er
e,
T
VE
T
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
ar
e
s
p
r
ea
d
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
ag
e
n
cies,
ca
u
s
in
g
o
v
er
la
p
,
in
co
n
s
is
ten
t
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
(
QA)
,
wea
k
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
alig
n
m
e
n
t,
an
d
c
h
allen
g
es
to
p
o
licy
c
o
h
er
en
ce
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
am
id
r
ap
id
ch
an
g
e
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
ese
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
ch
allen
g
es
r
aise
cr
itical
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ab
o
u
t
p
o
licy
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
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&
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SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
o
licies a
n
d
g
o
ve
r
n
a
n
ce
fo
r
s
kills
d
ev
elo
p
men
t in
th
e
fo
u
r
th
in
d
u
s
tr
ia
l revo
lu
tio
n
(
Mo
h
d
A
iz
u
d
d
in
S
a
a
r
i
)
1081
co
h
er
en
ce
,
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
i
n
th
e
f
ac
e
o
f
r
ap
id
s
o
cio
-
tech
n
ical
c
h
an
g
e.
W
h
ile
ex
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies o
n
T
VE
T
a
n
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
4
.
0
lar
g
ely
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
r
ef
o
r
m
,
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
,
an
d
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ica
l
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
f
ewe
r
s
tu
d
ies
cr
itically
ex
am
in
e
h
o
w
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
an
d
p
o
licy
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
s
h
ap
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
itiativ
es.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
t
h
is
g
ap
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
ex
p
lo
r
es
s
k
ills
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
as
a
ce
n
tr
al
p
o
licy
is
s
u
e,
o
f
f
er
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
-
o
r
ien
ted
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
h
o
w
T
VE
T
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
b
e
b
etter
alig
n
ed
with
em
er
g
in
g
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
ce
d
em
an
d
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
11
th
Ma
la
y
s
ia
Plan
2016
–
2
0
2
0
,
60
%
of
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
wo
u
ld
r
eq
u
i
r
e
T
VE
T
s
k
ills
wh
ich
is
T
VE
T
will
u
n
d
o
u
b
t
ed
ly
be
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
m
ea
n
s
of
ex
p
an
d
i
n
g
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
of
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ital
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
f
o
r
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
’
s
e
co
n
o
m
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
As
a
r
e
s
u
lt,
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
h
as
s
tr
ateg
ically
f
o
c
u
s
ed
its
p
lan
n
in
g
ef
f
o
r
ts
on
g
en
e
r
atin
g
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
T
VE
T
g
r
a
d
u
ates,
as
o
u
tlin
ed
in
th
e
Ma
lay
s
ia
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
B
lu
ep
r
in
t
2015
–
2
0
2
5
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
n
atio
n
’
s
s
o
cial,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
p
o
liti
ca
l,
co
m
p
etitiv
e,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
g
r
o
wth
h
ea
v
ily
r
elies
on
its
p
eo
p
le
’
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
q
u
ality
,
as
well
as
its
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
ich
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
to
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
p
o
licies
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
ass
o
ciate
d
ef
f
o
r
ts
in
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
v
er
th
e
last
d
ec
ad
e,
th
e
g
lo
b
al
f
r
am
in
g
of
n
atio
n
al
cr
ed
e
n
tials
h
as
b
ee
n
v
iewe
d
as
a
cr
it
ical
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
en
d
ea
v
o
r
in
e
n
h
an
ci
n
g
lear
n
in
g
,
s
k
ills
,
an
d
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
s
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
of
n
atio
n
al
p
o
li
cy
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
an
c
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
g
o
als
[
2
0
]
.
Ma
lay
s
ian
T
VE
T
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
tr
a
in
in
g
p
lace
s
a
s
tr
o
n
g
f
o
cu
s
on
in
d
u
s
tr
y
p
r
ac
tices
,
to
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
-
r
elev
an
t,
co
m
p
eten
t
wo
r
k
e
r
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
’
s
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
g
o
als.
Kn
o
wled
g
e
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
s
k
ills
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
an
d
j
o
b
s
k
ills
,
an
d
s
p
ec
ialized
lear
n
in
g
g
o
als
ar
e
t
h
e
g
en
er
al
lea
r
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
clu
s
ter
s
th
at
ap
p
ly
to
all
T
VE
T
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
Min
is
tr
y
of
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
MO
HE
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
Ma
l
ay
s
ian
Qu
alif
icatio
n
s
Ag
en
c
y
(
MQ
A)
ac
co
u
n
tab
le
f
o
r
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
th
e
T
VE
T
s
ec
to
r
so
th
at
it
c
an
co
m
p
ete
with
t
h
e
ac
ad
em
i
c
s
ec
to
r
.
Sk
ills
an
d
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
s
ec
to
r
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
m
b
i
n
ed
in
t
o
o
n
e
T
VE
T
s
ec
to
r
as
p
ar
t
of
th
e
Ma
lay
s
ian
q
u
alif
icatio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
(
MQ
F)
r
ev
iew.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
M
QF
s
o
lely
in
clu
d
es
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
T
VE
T
s
ec
to
r
s
.
Fo
r
all
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
’
q
u
alif
icatio
n
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
,
th
e
MQ
F
d
e
f
in
es
th
e
s
am
e
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
le
ar
n
in
g
g
o
als
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
will
be
in
h
o
w
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
a
r
e
d
eliv
er
ed
.
R
ap
id
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
ts
in
T
VE
T
h
av
e
r
esu
lted
in
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
of
d
eliv
e
r
y
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
QA
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
f
o
r
T
VE
T
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
’
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
of
T
VE
T
QA
wh
ich
in
v
o
l
v
es
of
p
o
licies
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
is
b
o
th
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
an
d
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
e
in
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
d
esig
n
A
q
u
al
itat
iv
e
r
ese
ar
ch
d
es
ig
n
wit
h
i
n
a
f
o
c
u
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
(
FG
D)
is
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
d
at
a
co
l
le
cti
o
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
f
o
r
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
F
GD
e
n
t
ails
s
m
all
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
a
n
ts
co
n
t
r
i
b
u
ti
n
g
to
m
o
d
er
ate
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
o
n
a
ce
r
ta
in
t
o
p
ic
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
a
n
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
al
,
f
ast
,
a
n
d
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
t m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
o
b
tai
n
i
n
g
d
at
a
f
r
o
m
m
u
lti
p
l
e
p
a
r
t
ici
p
a
n
ts
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
t
h
e
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
ass
is
t
ed
i
n
i
d
en
ti
f
y
in
g
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
r
el
e
v
a
n
t
is
s
u
es
to
b
e
d
is
cu
s
s
e
d
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
ess
io
n
.
F
GD
is
a
v
a
lu
a
b
le
q
u
ali
tat
iv
e
r
esea
r
c
h
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
o
b
s
e
r
v
in
g
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
i
n
g
th
e
d
e
p
t
h
a
n
d
b
r
ea
d
t
h
o
f
o
p
i
n
i
o
n
s
,
e
x
p
e
r
i
en
ce
s
,
a
n
d
at
tit
u
d
es
r
e
lat
ed
t
o
a
s
p
ec
i
f
i
c
t
o
p
ic
.
T
h
e
r
ic
h
n
ess
o
f
th
e
i
n
s
i
g
h
ts
g
a
in
e
d
f
r
o
m
f
o
c
u
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
ca
n
c
o
m
p
le
m
e
n
t th
e
r
e
ce
i
v
ed
d
at
a
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
h
o
l
is
ti
c
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
jec
t
m
a
tte
r
.
T
h
em
a
tic
a
n
al
y
s
is
(
T
A
)
is
a
n
ac
c
ess
ib
le
,
f
l
e
x
i
b
le
,
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
l
y
p
o
p
u
la
r
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
q
u
a
lit
ati
v
e
d
ata
a
n
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
a
n
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
o
a
n
al
y
z
i
n
g
q
u
alit
ati
v
e
d
at
a.
R
esea
r
c
h
e
r
s
f
o
ll
o
w
a
c
lea
r
s
et
o
f
s
te
p
s
,
i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
d
at
a
f
am
i
lia
r
i
za
t
io
n
,
c
o
d
i
n
g
,
th
em
e
id
en
ti
f
ic
ati
o
n
,
a
n
d
in
t
er
p
r
et
ati
o
n
,
w
h
i
ch
h
e
lp
s
e
n
s
u
r
e
r
i
g
o
r
an
d
c
o
n
s
is
te
n
cy
i
n
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
2
4
]
.
2
.
1
.
1
.
E
x
pert
pa
rt
icipa
nts/p
a
nels
A
to
tal
o
f
2
0
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
T
VE
T
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
in
d
u
s
tr
y
s
ec
to
r
s
,
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
n
atio
n
al
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
d
ir
ec
t
in
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
in
tr
ai
n
in
g
im
p
lem
en
tat
io
n
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t,
QA
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
in
itiativ
es.
T
h
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
elec
tio
n
en
s
u
r
ed
th
at
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
ca
p
tu
r
ed
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
f
r
o
m
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
wh
o
ac
tiv
ely
en
g
ag
e
with
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
in
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
r
o
les.
T
h
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
allo
wed
th
e
s
tu
d
y
to
e
x
am
in
e
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
is
s
u
es
ac
r
o
s
s
in
s
titu
tio
n
al,
r
e
g
u
l
ato
r
y
,
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
with
in
th
e
T
VE
T
l
an
d
s
ca
p
e.
2
.
1
.
2
.
Da
t
a
co
llect
io
n pro
ce
du
re
T
h
e
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
ess
io
n
s
w
er
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
y
et
f
lex
ib
le
m
an
n
er
,
g
u
id
e
d
b
y
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
d
esig
n
ed
to
p
r
o
m
p
t
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
ar
o
u
n
d
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
p
r
ac
tices,
in
s
titu
ti
o
n
al
co
lla
b
o
r
atio
n
,
q
u
ality
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
an
d
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
.
E
ac
h
s
ess
io
n
en
co
u
r
ag
e
d
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
t
o
elab
o
r
ate
o
n
r
ea
l
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
r
ath
e
r
th
an
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
T
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
a
n
d
tr
a
n
s
cr
ib
ed
to
p
r
eser
v
e
th
e
au
th
en
ticity
o
f
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
’
v
iews.
Field
n
o
tes
wer
e
als
o
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ted
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
n
o
n
-
v
er
b
al
cu
es,
g
r
o
u
p
d
y
n
am
ics,
an
d
co
n
te
x
tu
al
ele
m
en
ts
th
at
en
r
ich
ed
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
e
d
ata.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
2
5
2
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8
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2
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I
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t
J
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&
R
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Vo
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15
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No
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2
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Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
0
7
9
-
1
0
9
0
1082
2
.
1
.
3
.
I
nte
rv
iew
pro
t
o
co
l
T
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
f
o
u
r
m
ain
asp
ec
ts
:
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
c
o
o
r
d
in
atio
n
,
QA
p
r
ac
tices,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
–
in
d
u
s
tr
y
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
icu
l
u
m
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
f
o
r
em
er
g
i
n
g
s
k
ills
.
Qu
esti
o
n
s
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
to
r
e
f
lect
on
how
p
o
licies
ar
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
,
how
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
ar
e
m
ain
tain
ed
,
an
d
h
o
w
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ad
ap
t
to
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ch
an
g
es.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
ed
th
at
th
e
d
ata
co
llected
r
em
ain
e
d
clo
s
ely
ali
g
n
ed
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
o
b
jecti
v
e
of
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
in
ac
tio
n
r
ath
er
th
an
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
in
th
e
o
r
y
.
T
h
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
f
o
c
u
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
ess
i
o
n
was
co
llected
u
s
in
g
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
au
d
io
a
n
d
wer
e
tr
an
s
cr
ib
ed
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
TA
to
id
en
tif
y
th
e
th
e
m
e
an
d
co
d
e
ai
d
ed
by
d
ata
a
n
aly
s
is
s
o
f
twar
e,
AT
L
AS.ti.
2
.
2
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
pro
ce
du
re
In
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
u
s
ed
th
em
e
an
aly
s
is
m
eth
o
d
to
a
n
a
ly
ze
th
e
co
llected
in
ter
v
iew
d
a
ta.
T
h
em
e
an
aly
s
is
is
one
of
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
of
id
en
tify
in
g
,
an
al
y
zin
g
a
n
d
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
p
atter
n
s
(
th
em
es)
in
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
[
2
5
]
.
Data
wer
e
ex
am
in
e
d
alo
n
g
s
id
e
m
u
ltip
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
to
d
er
iv
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies
a
n
d
th
em
es,
wit
h
AT
L
AS.ti
u
s
ed
to
o
r
g
an
ize
d
ata
an
d
g
en
er
ate
th
e
m
atic
co
d
es
T
h
e
th
em
e
ta
b
le
is
not
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
e
g
in
n
in
g
of
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
h
o
wev
er
,
th
e
d
ata
a
n
aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
tar
ted
f
r
o
m
o
p
en
co
d
i
n
g
to
g
et
as
m
an
y
th
em
es
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
ies
to
be
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
,
f
o
llo
wed
by
ax
ial
c
o
d
in
g
an
d
s
elec
tiv
e
co
d
i
n
g
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
m
a
n
ag
in
g
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
izi
n
g
th
e
d
ata
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
to
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
tag
e
of
th
e
s
tu
d
y
f
in
d
in
g
s
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
m
in
im
ally
o
r
g
an
izes
a
n
d
d
esc
r
ib
es
th
e
s
et
d
ata
in
d
etail.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ef
e
r
s
to
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
a
n
d
em
e
r
g
en
ce
of
th
em
es
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
ter
v
i
ew
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
em
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
can
also
be
d
et
er
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
AT
L
AS.ti
s
o
f
t
war
e.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
of
q
u
alitativ
e
an
aly
s
is
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
lar
g
e
am
o
u
n
t
of
ca
r
ef
u
lly
an
d
co
m
p
le
x
m
an
a
g
ed
t
ex
t,
co
d
e,
m
em
o
s
,
an
d
n
o
tes
[
2
6
]
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
In
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
u
s
ed
TA
m
eth
o
d
to
an
al
y
ze
th
e
co
llected
in
ter
v
iew
d
ata.
T
h
e
m
e
an
aly
s
is
is
one
m
eth
o
d
of
id
en
tify
i
n
g
,
an
aly
zin
g
an
d
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
p
atter
n
s
(
th
em
es)
in
q
u
alitativ
e
d
at
a
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
FGD
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
wn
t
h
at
f
o
u
r
s
tr
ateg
ic
asp
ec
ts
n
ee
d
to
be
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
by
th
e
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
of
Sk
ills
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
(
DSD)
in
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
h
u
m
an
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
in
4
I
R
wh
ich
ar
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
an
d
p
o
licies
in
m
an
a
g
in
g
s
k
ills
d
ata
,
QA
an
d
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
,
c
o
llab
o
r
at
io
n
p
o
licy
b
etwe
en
in
s
titu
tio
n
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
ts
.
3
.
1
.
Securit
y
pro
ce
du
re
s
a
nd
po
licies
in
m
a
na
g
ing
s
k
ills
da
t
a
T
h
r
ee
asp
ec
ts
th
at
e
m
er
g
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
in
v
o
lv
in
g
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
a
n
d
p
o
licies
in
m
an
ag
in
g
s
k
ills
d
ata,
wh
ich
ar
e
d
ata
an
al
y
s
is
s
k
ills
co
m
p
eten
cy
,
re
-
s
k
illi
n
g
an
d
up
-
s
k
illi
n
g
em
p
lo
y
ee
’
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
ata
s
k
ills
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
y
s
tem
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Data
an
aly
s
is
s
k
il
ls
co
m
p
eten
cy
is
one
of
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
ts
m
en
tio
n
ed
by
th
e
p
an
els.
C
o
m
m
en
ts
m
ad
e
by
th
e
p
an
els
wer
e
all
ab
o
u
t
h
o
w
th
ey
n
ee
d
in
tr
o
d
u
c
e
one
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
b
ased
on
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
’
s
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
on
cu
r
r
en
t
h
u
m
a
n
ca
p
ital
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
,
r
ath
er
th
an
m
er
ely
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
its
elf
,
as
m
en
tio
n
ed
by
th
e
p
an
el
P5
:
“
I
th
in
k
we
h
a
ve
to
go
b
a
ck
,
t
h
ere
a
r
e
n
ew
s
kills
.
B
u
t
if
yo
u
a
s
k
me,
in
term
of
tr
a
in
in
g
,
y
o
u
ca
n
’
t
h
a
ve
one
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
th
a
t
ca
ters
to
o
ve
r
a
ll
in
d
u
s
tr
y
4
.
0
.
If
yo
u
a
r
e
in
w
o
o
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y,
yo
u
h
a
ve
to
fin
d
add
on
th
a
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
fo
r
our
w
o
o
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y,
yes
s
o
me
of
co
mp
eten
t
s
kills
.
It
ca
n
be
a
ls
o
,
th
e
d
a
ta
a
n
a
lysi
s
s
kill
th
a
t
emb
ed
d
ed
in
th
a
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m.
”
Re
-
s
k
illi
n
g
an
d
up
-
s
k
illi
n
g
em
p
lo
y
ee
’
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
ata
s
k
ills
is
an
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
t
in
n
o
wad
ay
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ies.
In
th
e
c
ase
of
s
o
m
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
,
re
-
s
k
illi
n
g
an
d
up
-
s
k
illi
n
g
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
b
ec
au
s
e
cu
r
r
e
n
tly
,
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
is
g
ettin
g
more
c
o
m
p
etitiv
e
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
we
m
u
s
t
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
d
ata
-
r
elate
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
s
k
il
ls
,
an
d
u
p
g
r
ad
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
by
all
m
ea
n
s
.
We
h
av
e
to
lo
o
k
at
how
to
d
ev
elo
p
our
tr
ai
n
er
,
so
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
be
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
el
y
s
tr
o
n
g
as
well
to
k
ee
p
in
lin
e
with
4
I
R
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
q
u
ality
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Su
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
y
s
tem
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
asp
ec
t
is
not
less
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
th
er
two
.
It
is
s
tated
clea
r
ly
in
wh
ich
s
aid
by
th
e
p
an
el
P4
as:
“
We
a
r
e
n
o
t
te
ch
n
o
l
o
g
y
cre
a
t
o
r
or
i
n
ter
-
v
en
ter
a
ll
t
h
is
w
h
il
e
we
a
r
e
u
s
er.
We
buy
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
d
e
ve
l
o
p
,
we
u
s
e
it
b
u
t
we
d
o
n
’
t
h
a
ve
s
u
p
p
o
r
ti
n
g
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
te
ch
n
o
l
o
g
y
th
a
t
we
b
u
y
fo
r
M
a
l
a
ysia
.
”
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
we
clea
r
ly
n
e
ed
to
eith
e
r
h
a
v
e
o
u
r
o
wn
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
or
cr
ea
te
o
u
r
o
wn
to
u
p
h
o
ld
an
d
s
u
s
tain
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
.
We
co
u
ld
s
ee
h
o
w
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
co
u
n
tr
ies
k
ee
p
b
ein
g
ex
cited
to
d
esig
n
an
d
s
h
ap
e
b
r
a
n
d
-
n
ew
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
th
eir
co
u
n
tr
y
,
not
o
n
l
y
in
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
asp
ec
t,
but
also
f
o
r
p
e
o
p
le
to
k
ee
p
up
with
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
As
a
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
y
,
we
n
ee
d
to
ca
tch
up
to
cr
ea
te
our
o
w
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
so
th
ey
can
s
u
it
o
u
r
co
u
n
tr
y
’
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
o
licies a
n
d
g
o
ve
r
n
a
n
ce
fo
r
s
kills
d
ev
elo
p
men
t in
th
e
fo
u
r
th
in
d
u
s
tr
ia
l revo
lu
tio
n
(
Mo
h
d
A
iz
u
d
d
in
S
a
a
r
i
)
1083
3
.
2
.
Q
ua
lity
a
s
s
ura
nce
a
nd
s
t
a
nd
a
rds
T
h
e
QA
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
ca
n
be
d
iv
i
d
ed
in
t
o
two
m
aj
o
r
asp
ec
ts
,
wh
ich
ar
e
th
e
p
en
etr
atio
n
of
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
r
e
g
u
lato
r
y
p
o
licy
tr
en
d
s
.
T
h
e
te
r
m
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
p
o
licy
r
e
f
er
s
to
a
s
y
s
tem
of
r
u
les,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
p
o
licies
s
et
by
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t
-
cr
ea
te
d
en
titi
es
or
an
y
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
wh
o
s
e
s
o
le
d
u
ty
is
to
estab
lis
h
.
Po
licy
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
tr
en
d
s
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
m
u
s
t
be
well
d
is
s
em
in
ated
an
d
c
h
an
n
ele
d
;
th
is
can
be
tak
en
up
by
s
p
ec
ial
tr
ain
in
g
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
an
d
r
ev
iew
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
p
a
n
el
P7
o
n
ce
s
aid
:
“
W
e
h
a
ve
th
e
p
o
licy
a
n
d
r
eg
u
la
to
r
y
tr
en
d
s
th
a
t
p
r
o
mo
te
s
u
s
ta
in
a
b
ilit
y.
B
u
t
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
i
s
,
how
mu
ch
p
eo
p
le
kn
o
w
a
b
o
u
t
it
and
how
we
h
a
ve
to
d
is
s
emin
a
te
th
e
in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
to
p
u
b
lic.
”
An
o
th
er
asp
ec
t
th
at
was
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
in
t
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
is
to
p
e
n
etr
ate
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
“
F
o
r
o
il
a
n
d
gas
in
d
u
s
tr
y,
ye
s
,
we
ca
n
d
ev
elo
p
N
OS
S
,
we
c
a
n
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
th
em
to
h
a
ve
S
K
M
but
th
en
our
in
d
u
s
tr
y
lo
o
kin
g
fo
r
in
tern
a
tio
n
a
l
ce
r
tifi
ca
tio
n
.
It
is
good
if
in
d
u
s
tr
y
we
ca
n
d
ev
elo
p
S
K
M
w
ith
co
lla
b
o
r
a
tio
n
in
in
t
ern
a
tio
n
a
l
ce
r
tifi
ca
tio
n
.
”
3
.
3
.
Co
lla
bo
ra
t
io
n
po
licy
bet
wee
n
ins
t
it
utio
n
a
nd
i
nd
u
s
t
ry
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
as
p
e
c
t
t
h
a
t
w
as
b
e
i
n
g
p
u
l
l
e
d
up
by
t
h
e
p
a
n
e
l
is
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
is
c
o
l
la
b
o
r
a
ti
o
n
p
o
l
i
c
y
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
i
n
s
t
it
u
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
T
h
r
e
e
a
s
p
e
c
ts
h
a
v
e
e
m
e
r
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
i
s
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
w
h
i
ch
a
r
e
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
i
n
s
ti
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
,
l
i
f
e
l
o
n
g
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
in
s
k
i
l
ls
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
d
i
g
it
a
l
i
za
t
i
o
n
of
T
V
E
T
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
a
s
p
e
c
t
t
h
a
t
e
m
e
r
g
e
is
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
ee
n
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
ti
o
n
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
.
C
o
ll
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
wi
t
h
al
l
t
h
e
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
s
u
c
h
as
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
es
,
h
u
m
a
n
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
a
n
d
s
k
i
l
l
s
t
r
ain
e
r
s
,
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
p
r
i
v
a
t
e
s
e
c
t
o
r
s
w
il
l
f
a
c
i
li
t
a
te
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
of
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
wi
t
h
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
of
e
x
p
e
r
t
s
a
n
d
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
s
in
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
t
h
a
t
can
g
i
v
e
a
r
i
g
h
t
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
to
t
h
e
e
n
t
h
u
s
ias
t
i
c
,
i
n
t
e
ll
i
g
e
n
t
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
a
n
d
m
a
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
e
x
p
e
r
t
s
of
f
u
t
u
r
e
.
As
p
a
n
e
l
is
t
P1
s
ai
d
:
“
…
W
e
h
a
ve
esta
b
lis
h
our
a
c
a
d
emic
,
co
lla
b
o
r
a
te
w
ith
th
e
u
n
ivers
ity
as
w
el
l
as
HR
and
J
P
K
.
We
a
ls
o
go
w
ith
N
OS
S
.
In
term
of
tr
a
in
in
g
of
co
z
not
ev
ery
t
r
a
in
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
we
ca
n
co
n
d
u
ct
th
r
u
th
e
tr
a
in
er
th
a
t
we
h
a
ve
,
of
co
z
on
and
o
ff
we
a
ls
o
en
g
a
g
e
w
ith
g
o
ve
r
n
men
t
a
g
en
cies
a
n
d
p
r
iva
te
s
ec
to
r
s
…
”
No
t
b
ein
g
lef
t
out
in
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
is
an
o
th
er
elem
en
t
wh
ic
h
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
i
n
g
in
s
k
ills
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t.
In
th
is
er
a
of
g
lo
b
aliza
tio
n
,
w
e
h
av
e
to
f
u
r
n
is
h
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
our
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
wo
r
k
er
s
with
ch
an
n
els
to
lear
n
s
k
ills
to
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
lear
n
as
p
ar
t
of
th
e
c
u
ltu
r
e
of
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
is
d
if
f
i
cu
lt
to
p
r
ed
ict
wh
at
k
in
d
of
s
k
ills
ar
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
e
4
I
R
an
d
e
n
ab
le
t
h
em
to
a
d
ap
t
a
n
d
a
d
o
p
t
th
e
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
e
n
co
u
r
ag
e
m
en
t
on
wh
at
to
lear
n
an
d
how
to
lear
n
s
h
o
u
ld
be
em
p
h
asized
an
d
th
is
s
tar
ts
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
its
elf
.
Pan
elis
t
P6
s
aid
th
at,
“
…
On
e
th
in
g
a
b
o
u
t
in
d
u
s
tr
y
4
.
0
s
o
meth
in
g
th
a
t
ve
r
y
d
i
fficu
lt
to
p
r
ed
ict
w
h
a
t
a
r
e
th
e
s
kill
r
eq
u
ir
eme
n
t.
Th
a
t
s
kills
s
et
th
ey
w
ill
be
n
ee
d
ed
.
Wh
a
t
h
a
p
p
en
is
we
n
ee
d
to
fu
r
n
is
h
our
s
tu
d
en
t
and
w
o
r
ke
r
s
w
i
th
th
e
s
kill
s
to
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
lea
r
n
t,
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
ly
lea
r
n
in
g
s
kills
.
Th
a
t
mea
n
s
h
a
vin
g
t
h
e
mo
tiva
tio
n
to
lea
r
n
and
a
ls
o
kn
o
w
in
g
how
to
lea
r
n
t
…
”
As
th
e
wo
r
ld
g
o
es
on,
ev
er
y
th
in
g
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ig
italized
an
d
not
b
ei
n
g
a
b
le
to
co
m
m
u
n
ica
te
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
ig
italized
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
is
a
b
ig
no.
T
h
e
wo
r
l
d
k
ee
p
s
ev
o
lv
in
g
an
d
d
em
an
d
in
g
us
to
f
o
l
lo
w
its
p
ath
.
To
be
co
m
p
atib
le
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ig
italized
wo
r
ld
is
a
m
u
s
t,
so
th
at
we
can
k
ee
p
m
o
v
in
g
f
o
r
war
d
,
to
g
eth
er
with
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
th
at
we
f
ac
e
r
ig
h
t
n
o
w.
T
h
e
last
asp
ec
t
th
at
b
e
in
g
d
is
cu
s
s
is
th
e
d
ig
italizatio
n
of
T
VE
T
.
A
p
an
el,
P6
s
aid
th
at:
“…
B
u
t
th
e
mo
r
e
d
ig
ita
liz
a
tio
n
and
in
d
u
s
tr
ia
l
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
w
il
l
h
a
p
p
en
,
th
e
mo
r
e
th
e
s
kills
on
jo
b
s
,
let
s
a
y.
P
r
o
fess
io
n
s
b
ec
o
me
mo
r
e
a
ca
d
emic
like
yo
u
s
a
id
,
I
C
T
and
so
on
.
a
n
d
th
is
is
a
ls
o
a
ch
a
n
ce
to
r
a
is
e
ma
yb
e
th
e
ima
g
e
of
TVE
T
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ig
ita
liz
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
4
.
0
…
”
T
h
e
d
ig
ital
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
h
as
d
ev
elo
p
ed
m
a
n
y
co
m
p
eten
cies
d
u
r
in
g
th
eir
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
with
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
m
a
y
be
lev
er
ag
e
d
at
wo
r
k
an
d
also
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
wo
r
k
er
s
to
m
aster
t
h
e
latest
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
or
d
ig
ita
l
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
o
r
d
er
to
k
ee
p
in
a
co
m
p
etitiv
e
p
o
s
itio
n
in
v
a
r
io
u
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ies.
3
.
4
.
Str
eng
t
hens
curr
ic
ulu
m
dev
elo
pm
ent
s
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
of
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
th
is
t
h
em
e
h
as
th
r
ee
asp
ec
ts
,
wh
ic
h
ar
e,
im
p
lem
en
t
lear
n
in
g
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
I
C
T
)
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lea
r
n
in
g
p
o
l
icy
,
an
d
c
u
r
r
icu
l
u
m
em
p
o
wer
m
en
t
to
en
h
a
n
ce
tech
n
ical
an
d
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
asp
ec
t
th
at
wa
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
by
th
e
p
an
elis
t
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
0
7
9
-
1
0
9
0
1084
im
p
lem
en
t
lear
n
in
g
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
tem
to
d
eliv
er
k
n
o
wled
g
e
f
o
r
all
g
en
er
atio
n
.
E
x
p
er
ien
ce
is
wh
at
d
if
f
er
en
tiate
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
e
r
s
o
n
n
el
with
th
e
n
ew
an
d
o
l
d
g
en
er
atio
n
s
.
Deliv
er
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
is
v
er
y
c
r
u
cial
to
m
ak
e
s
u
r
e
th
e
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
in
te
r
m
s
of
k
n
o
wled
g
e
will
last
.
A
p
an
elis
t,
P1
7
s
aid
:
“
T
h
e
y
i
n
ve
s
t
to
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
,
but
w
h
e
n
we
t
a
l
k
about
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
r
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
,
we
c
a
n
s
a
y
it
v
er
y
d
if
f
i
c
u
lt
to
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
and
e
x
e
c
u
t
e
it
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
i
n
v
o
l
ve
m
o
n
e
y
,
p
o
l
i
c
y
,
i
n
c
e
n
t
i
v
e
so
I
w
il
l
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
to
J
P
K
we
s
h
o
u
l
d
h
a
v
e
one
r
o
a
d
m
a
p
how
to
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
b
e
i
n
g
it
is
t
h
e
s
t
a
g
e
of
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
l
o
o
k
at
t
h
e
s
t
a
g
e
of
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
in
g
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
f
o
r
4
I
R
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
not
e
v
e
r
y
b
o
d
y
k
n
o
w
about
it
.
”
Dig
ital
s
k
ills
to
d
eliv
er
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e
can
be
s
aid
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
u
s
e
d
i
g
ital
d
ev
ices,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
s
to
ac
ce
s
s
an
d
m
an
ag
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
be
h
an
d
o
v
er
to
th
e
o
ld
a
n
d
n
ewc
o
m
er
s
.
As
we
k
n
o
w,
t
h
e
n
ew
g
en
er
atio
n
s
m
o
s
tly
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
on
d
ig
ital
d
ev
ices
to
m
ak
e
t
h
in
g
s
h
a
p
p
en
an
d
in
g
ettin
g
n
ew
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
but
not
f
o
r
th
e
o
l
d
g
e
n
er
atio
n
.
T
h
at
m
ak
es
t
h
e
s
k
ill
of
u
s
in
g
d
i
g
ital
s
k
ill
to
d
eliv
er
k
n
o
wled
g
e
is
so
cr
u
cial
r
ig
h
t
n
o
w.
We
m
ig
h
t
s
ay
th
at
th
e
d
ig
ital
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
is
cu
r
r
en
tly
th
e
b
est
b
u
s
in
ess
to
in
v
est
on.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
o
i
n
t
th
at
ca
m
e
up
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
was
I
C
T
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
po
licy
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
a
lo
t
of
o
n
lin
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
tr
ai
n
in
g
c
o
u
r
s
es,
eith
er
th
e
f
r
ee
co
u
r
s
es
or
o
t
h
er
wis
e.
Pan
el
P3
s
aid
th
at
:
“
….
A
n
d
as
of
to
d
a
y,
a
lo
t
of
th
e
tr
a
in
in
g
a
ls
o
o
ffer
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
n
lin
e
c
o
u
r
s
es
if
th
ey
w
a
n
t
to
u
p
g
r
a
d
e
th
emselve
s
.
Th
ey
s
ig
n
up
w
ith
co
u
r
s
e
to
g
et
t
h
e
ce
r
tifi
ca
te,
we
s
ee
mo
r
e
and
mo
r
e
th
a
t
kin
d
of
tr
a
in
in
g
.
.
.
”
An
o
n
lin
e
co
u
r
s
e
is
th
e
d
eliv
e
r
y
of
a
s
er
ies
of
less
o
n
s
on
a
web
b
r
o
wser
or
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ice
,
wh
ich
ca
n
be
ac
ce
s
s
ed
an
y
tim
e
an
d
at
an
y
p
lace
.
So
,
th
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
a
ce
r
tain
p
o
licy
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
to
co
n
tr
o
l
it.
It
is
d
esig
n
ed
as
an
o
n
lin
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
co
n
v
en
ien
t
lear
n
in
g
asy
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
ly
.
T
h
o
s
e
c
o
u
r
s
es
m
ig
h
t
o
f
f
e
r
ce
r
tific
ate
s
u
ch
as
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
ce
r
tific
ate,
an
d
also
c
o
m
p
et
en
cy
ce
r
tific
ate.
T
h
is
will
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
k
ills
an
d
if
ch
an
ce
s
ar
e
tak
e
n
s
er
io
u
s
ly
,
th
er
e
ar
e
a
lo
t
to
lear
n
in
o
n
lin
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
last
a
s
p
ec
t
of
th
is
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
is
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
e
m
p
o
wer
m
en
t
to
en
h
an
ce
tech
n
ical
an
d
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
.
On
e
co
m
m
e
n
t
m
ad
e
by
th
e
p
an
el,
P1
2
is
th
at
:
“
T
o
me,
t
h
e
t
h
i
n
g
s
m
u
s
t
be
e
x
i
s
t
t
o
g
e
t
h
e
r
.
N
o
t
to
s
a
y
m
e
r
g
e
and
one
m
e
r
g
e
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
b
o
t
h
.
A
c
t
u
a
l
l
y
,
b
o
t
h
a
r
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
.
B
e
c
a
u
s
e
in
our
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
it
s
el
f,
it
a
l
m
o
s
t
70%
a
r
e
not
i
n
t
er
es
t
e
d
in
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
.
T
h
e
y
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
s
k
i
ll
s
,
y
o
u
k
n
o
w
.
T
h
e
e
x
c
e
lle
n
t
p
e
o
p
l
e
o
n
l
y
30%
w
h
o
a
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
t
o
w
a
r
d
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
s
.
B
u
t
,
t
h
e
r
e
s
t
,
w
h
er
e
a
r
e
t
h
e
y
?
In
t
h
e
v
o
c
a
t
io
n
a
l
,
t
h
i
s
is
w
h
a
t
T
V
E
T
a
l
l
a
b
o
u
t
.
”
“
I
n
our
p
a
s
s
i
o
n
to
s
u
p
p
l
y
t
ec
h
n
i
c
a
l
s
k
i
ll
s
t
h
a
t
c
a
n
m
e
et
t
h
e
ch
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
of
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
4
.
0
,
we
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
’
t
be
f
o
r
g
e
t
ti
n
g
about
our
b
a
s
i
c
s
k
i
l
ls
.
H
u
m
a
n
iz
i
n
g
s
k
i
ll
s
,
h
u
m
a
n
i
z
i
n
g
a
s
p
e
ct
of
our
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
.
”
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
w
m
o
r
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
on
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
en
h
an
ce
b
o
th
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
an
d
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
of
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
lea
r
n
in
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
n
ee
d
s
to
lo
o
k
at
b
ac
k
to
th
e
p
o
licies,
s
y
llab
u
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
on
h
o
w
to
b
r
in
g
th
eir
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
m
o
v
in
g
f
o
r
war
d
in
th
e
f
o
r
th
co
m
i
n
g
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
.
Als
o
,
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
n
ee
d
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
clea
r
ca
r
ee
r
p
ath
or
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
g
u
i
d
an
ce
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
m
ak
e
s
u
r
e
th
ey
g
et
th
e
clea
r
d
ir
ec
tio
n
a
f
ter
g
r
ad
u
ated
.
W
ith
well
-
p
lan
n
e
d
tr
ai
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
tu
n
e,
s
h
ap
e
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
cr
ea
tiv
ity
a
n
d
all
s
k
ills
n
ee
d
ed
am
o
n
g
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
m
ak
e
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
of
s
k
illed
wo
r
k
er
s
with
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
of
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
an
d
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
as
a
n
ee
d
to
f
u
lf
il
4
I
R
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
co
n
ce
p
tu
alizes
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
4
I
R
as
a
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
d
r
iv
en
eco
s
y
s
t
em
with
in
Ma
lay
s
ia’
s
T
VE
T
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
id
en
tifie
s
f
o
u
r
in
ter
r
e
lated
s
tr
ateg
ic
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
:
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
ced
u
r
es
an
d
p
o
licies
i
n
m
an
ag
i
n
g
s
k
ills
d
at
a,
q
u
alit
y
as
s
u
r
an
ce
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
p
o
licy
b
et
ween
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
in
g
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
d
im
en
s
io
n
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
d
i
g
ital
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
cap
acit
y
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
d
ata
co
m
p
eten
c
y
,
r
e
s
k
illin
g
in
itiati
v
es,
a
n
d
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
s
n
ecess
ar
y
f
o
r
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
al
r
esil
ien
ce.
T
h
e
s
eco
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
c
o
h
er
en
ce,
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
,
an
d
alig
n
m
en
t
with
in
ter
n
ati
o
n
al
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
q
u
alif
icatio
n
cr
ed
i
b
ility
.
T
h
e
t
h
ir
d
em
p
h
asizes
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
d
u
s
tr
y
–
i
n
s
tit
u
tio
n
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
d
i
g
italizatio
n
to
en
h
a
n
ce
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
n
ess
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
li
n
k
s
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
to
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ex
ecu
ti
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
I
C
T
p
o
licies,
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
b
ala
n
ced
i
n
t
eg
r
atio
n
o
f
tec
h
n
ical
an
d
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
r
ead
in
ess
f
o
r
4
I
R
d
ep
en
d
s
n
o
t
m
er
ely
o
n
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
r
ef
o
r
m
,
b
u
t
o
n
co
h
e
r
en
t,
co
o
r
d
in
ate
d
,
an
d
ad
a
p
tiv
e
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
m
ech
an
is
m
s
t
h
at
en
ab
le
s
u
s
tain
a
b
le
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
-
r
ead
y
T
VE
T
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t
J
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&
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SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
o
licies a
n
d
g
o
ve
r
n
a
n
ce
fo
r
s
kills
d
ev
elo
p
men
t in
th
e
fo
u
r
th
in
d
u
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ia
l revo
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(
Mo
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iz
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S
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1085
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fo
u
r
s
tr
ateg
ic
asp
ec
t
s
in
p
o
licies
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
f
o
r
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
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in
4
I
R
4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
ets
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t
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ex
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ills
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4
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R
t
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.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
f
o
u
r
in
ter
r
elate
d
g
o
v
er
n
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ce
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
th
at
s
h
ap
e
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
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Ma
lay
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ia
’
s
T
VE
T
s
y
s
tem
in
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
a
f
u
tu
r
e
-
r
ea
d
y
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
:
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
s
an
d
p
o
licies
in
m
an
ag
in
g
s
k
ills
d
ata
,
QA
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
p
o
licy
b
etwe
en
in
s
titu
tio
n
an
d
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
,
an
d
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
s
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
ts
.
First,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
elate
d
t
o
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
a
n
d
p
o
li
cies
in
m
an
ag
in
g
s
k
ills
d
ata
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
d
ig
ital
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
with
in
T
VE
T
s
y
s
tem
s
.
R
ath
er
th
an
r
ef
lectin
g
i
s
o
lated
tech
n
ical
co
n
ce
r
n
s
,
is
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
co
m
p
eten
cy
,
r
esk
illi
n
g
,
an
d
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
o
in
t
to
b
r
o
ad
e
r
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
ch
allen
g
es
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
d
ata
s
tewa
r
d
s
h
ip
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ca
p
ac
ity
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
r
esil
ien
ce
.
I
n
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
co
h
er
en
t
d
ig
ital
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
in
v
estme
n
ts
in
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
r
is
k
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
s
k
ill
s
g
ap
s
r
ath
er
th
an
m
itig
atin
g
th
em
.
Fro
m
a
p
o
li
cy
f
u
tu
r
es
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
d
ig
ital
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
is
ess
en
tial
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
s
k
ills
s
y
s
tem
s
r
em
ain
ad
a
p
tiv
e
as tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies co
n
tin
u
e
to
ev
o
lv
e
.
T
o
d
ay
’
s
er
a
is
a
f
u
lly
d
ig
ital
er
a
in
ev
er
y
s
ec
to
r
,
h
en
ce
th
e
r
e
is
a
n
ee
d
to
m
o
v
e
p
ar
allel
an
d
b
ein
g
p
r
o
f
icien
t
in
u
s
in
g
h
ig
h
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
d
eliv
er
,
co
m
m
u
n
icate
to
ea
ch
r
o
le
p
la
y
er
an
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a
[
2
7
]
.
Glo
b
aliza
tio
n
an
d
th
e
i
n
ten
s
iv
e
u
s
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
h
av
e
le
d
to
th
e
em
er
g
en
ce
o
f
a
n
ew
ec
o
n
o
m
y
[
2
8
]
wh
ic
h
is
a
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
i
d
ea
-
b
ased
ec
o
n
o
m
y
wh
er
e
th
e
k
ey
s
to
jo
b
cr
ea
tio
n
an
d
h
ig
h
er
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
o
f
liv
in
g
a
r
e
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
i
d
ea
s
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
em
b
e
d
d
e
d
in
s
er
v
ices
an
d
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
ed
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
T
h
is
was
also
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
wh
ich
h
av
e
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
wh
o
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
an
d
ca
n
lev
er
a
g
e
t
h
e
p
o
wer
h
ig
h
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
will
also
b
e
v
alu
ab
le
t
o
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
s
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
to
g
eth
er
with
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
ca
n
lead
to
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
lear
n
i
n
g
r
esu
lts
[
3
0
]
.
T
ak
en
t
o
g
eth
er
,
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
th
e
DSD
ca
n
cr
ea
te
s
elf
-
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
en
h
an
ce
talen
t
f
o
r
e
m
p
lo
y
e
es
s
u
ch
as
r
e
-
s
k
illi
n
g
,
u
p
-
s
k
illi
n
g
an
d
u
p
s
ca
lin
g
.
Als
o
,
p
o
licy
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
p
r
e
p
ar
e
th
e
a
g
in
g
s
o
ciety
to
f
ac
e
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
war
d
s
4
I
R
as
th
e
y
o
u
n
g
er
o
n
es
wo
u
ld
b
e
r
ea
d
y
to
ac
ce
p
t
4
I
R
d
em
an
d
s
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
T
h
e
o
l
d
er
g
r
o
u
p
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
a
b
le
to
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
ec
o
n
o
m
ically
to
Ma
lay
s
ia
an
d
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
h
o
u
ld
g
ea
r
t
o
war
d
s
th
e
in
n
o
v
ati
o
n
a
n
d
well
-
b
ein
g
o
f
4
I
R
an
d
n
o
t
leav
in
g
b
eh
in
d
s
en
io
r
citizen
s
.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
h
ar
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
etwe
en
r
esear
ch
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
ev
i
d
en
t
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
[
3
1
]
.
So
,
DSD
ar
e
s
u
g
g
ested
to
o
r
g
an
ize
an
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
th
at
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
f
u
s
in
g
h
ig
h
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
am
o
n
g
wo
r
k
e
r
s
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
clea
r
ly
in
d
icate
s
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
QA
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
r
o
m
two
asp
ec
ts
o
f
d
is
cu
s
s
i
o
n
,
wh
ich
ar
e
to
p
e
n
etr
ate
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
p
o
li
cy
tr
en
d
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
i
n
d
ica
te
th
at
wh
ile
p
o
licy
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
a
n
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
ex
is
t,
th
eir
im
p
ac
t
is
o
f
ten
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
b
y
lim
ited
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
,
u
n
ev
en
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
a
n
d
wea
k
alig
n
m
en
t
with
g
lo
b
al
ce
r
tific
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
is
r
ef
lects
a
b
r
o
ad
er
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
is
s
u
e
in
wh
ich
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
b
alan
ce
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
with
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
.
W
ith
o
u
t
in
teg
r
ated
QA
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
,
T
VE
T
s
y
s
tem
s
r
is
k
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
t
h
at
lack
c
r
ed
ib
ilit
y
,
p
o
r
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
r
el
ev
an
ce
in
an
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
g
lo
b
alize
d
lab
o
r
m
a
r
k
et.
T
h
e
2
0
0
8
f
i
n
an
cial
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
cr
is
is
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
ed
t
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
a
well
-
f
u
n
c
tio
n
in
g
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
t
r
an
s
p
ar
en
t
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
m
ar
k
ets
with
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
in
ce
n
tiv
es
[
3
3
]
.
B
esid
es
th
at,
th
e
DSD
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ar
e
s
u
g
g
ested
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
to
wo
r
k
er
s
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates to
ad
o
p
t c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ill,
d
i
g
ital liter
ac
y
s
k
ill,
p
r
ac
tical
s
k
ill
an
d
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
s
k
ill
in
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
e
d
o
m
ain
s
.
A
ls
o
,
n
atio
n
al
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
s
k
ills
s
tan
d
ar
d
(
NOSS)
s
h
o
u
ld
d
ev
elo
p
an
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
ce
r
tific
atio
n
f
o
r
SK
M
wh
o
ar
e
in
ter
ested
in
b
ec
o
m
in
g
en
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
s
,
Po
l
i
c
i
e
s
an
d
Gov
e
r
n
an
c
e
f
o
r
S
ki
l
l
s
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
i
n
4IR
Q
u
ali
ty
as
s
u
ran
c
e
an
d
s
tan
d
ard
s
S
e
cu
r
i
ty
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
s
an
d
p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s
i
n
manag
i
n
g
s
ki
l
l
s
d
ata
Co
l
l
ab
o
rat
i
o
n
p
o
l
i
c
y b
e
tw
e
e
n
i
n
s
ti
tu
ti
o
n
an
d
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
S
tr
e
n
g
h
te
n
s
c
u
rr
i
c
u
l
u
m
d
e
ve
l
o
p
me
n
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
0
7
9
-
1
0
9
0
1086
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e,
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
tr
ain
i
n
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
s
an
d
en
co
u
r
ag
e
m
o
r
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
to
b
e
g
e
n
er
a
ted
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
r
ev
ea
led
u
p
o
n
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
p
o
licy
b
etwe
en
in
s
titu
tio
n
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
th
r
ee
asp
ec
ts
wh
ich
ar
e
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
in
s
titu
tio
n
a
n
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
in
s
k
il
ls
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
d
ig
italizatio
n
o
f
T
VE
T
.
E
f
f
e
ctiv
e
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
ex
te
n
d
s
b
ey
o
n
d
ad
h
o
c
p
ar
t
n
er
s
h
ip
s
o
r
m
em
o
r
a
n
d
a
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
;
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
in
s
titu
tio
n
alize
d
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
h
a
r
ed
d
ec
is
i
o
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
,
m
u
tu
al
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
s
u
s
tain
ed
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t.
L
if
elo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
an
d
th
e
d
ig
italizatio
n
o
f
T
V
E
T
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ce
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
m
o
d
e
ls
th
at
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
s
k
ills
u
p
g
r
ad
in
g
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
life
s
p
an
.
Fro
m
a
f
u
tu
r
e
-
o
r
ien
ted
p
o
licy
s
tan
d
p
o
in
t,
f
r
ag
m
en
ted
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
a
r
r
an
g
em
en
ts
lim
it
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
T
VE
T
s
y
s
tem
s
to
an
ticip
ate
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
p
r
o
ac
t
iv
ely
to
em
er
g
i
n
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
d
em
an
d
s
.
Ma
lay
s
ia
ca
n
b
en
ef
i
t
f
r
o
m
p
ar
t
n
er
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
ac
ad
em
ics
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
cr
ea
tin
g
n
ew
s
k
ills
f
o
r
4
I
R
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
ese
co
llab
o
r
ati
o
n
s
also
allo
w
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
to
o
r
g
an
ize
m
em
o
r
an
d
u
m
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
(
MO
U
)
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
ts
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
in
lin
e
with
in
d
u
s
tr
y
n
ee
d
s
an
d
to
e
x
ten
d
th
e
on
-
th
e
-
jo
b
tr
ai
n
in
g
(
OJT)
p
er
io
d
s
o
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
ay
lear
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
ag
en
d
a
is
in
r
ag
e,
a
n
d
m
u
ch
is
b
ein
g
d
o
n
e
to
en
co
u
r
ag
e
y
o
u
n
g
p
eo
p
le
to
r
ea
lize
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
is
s
k
ill
in
4
I
R
.
T
h
e
ar
r
iv
al
o
f
co
m
p
u
tin
g
o
n
th
e
c
u
r
r
icu
l
u
m
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
i
s
b
ein
g
r
ec
o
g
n
iz
ed
[
3
6
]
.
Du
e
to
th
e
wo
r
ld
ch
al
len
g
e
n
o
wad
ay
s
an
d
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic,
th
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
p
eo
p
le
t
o
em
p
o
wer
th
eir
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
to
m
ak
e
ch
allen
g
e
an
d
o
b
s
tacle
f
ac
e
d
to
b
ec
o
m
e
a
g
r
ea
t
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
DSD
ar
e
s
u
g
g
ested
to
im
p
lem
en
t
d
i
g
ital
liter
ac
y
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
co
u
r
s
es
s
u
ch
as
co
d
in
g
f
o
r
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
DSD
ca
n
also
tr
y
to
im
p
lem
en
t c
y
b
e
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
u
r
v
eillan
ce
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
ass
u
r
an
ce
,
cy
b
er
f
o
r
en
s
ics,
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
b
ased
o
n
NOSS
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
o
m
o
te
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
d
ig
ital
an
d
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
,
wh
ile
also
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
co
ll
ab
o
r
atio
n
,
c
r
ea
tiv
ity
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
an
d
s
o
cial
v
alu
es to
k
ee
p
t
h
em
co
m
p
etitiv
e.
R
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
h
av
e
al
s
o
s
h
o
wn
th
at
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
h
as
t
h
r
e
e
asp
ec
ts
,
wh
ich
ar
e
h
av
in
g
b
alan
ce
in
tech
n
ical
a
n
d
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
,
en
h
an
ce
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
to
d
eliv
er
t
ec
h
n
ical
s
k
ills
an
d
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
em
p
o
wer
m
e
n
t
to
en
h
an
ce
tech
n
ical
an
d
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
.
I
n
th
is
n
ew
er
a,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
em
p
lo
y
er
s
n
ee
d
th
eir
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
to
n
o
t
o
n
ly
p
o
s
s
ess
tech
n
ical
o
r
h
ar
d
s
k
ills
b
u
t
also
g
en
er
ic
s
k
ills
o
r
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
to
f
ac
e
th
e
n
ew
wo
r
ld
ch
allen
g
e
to
s
u
s
tain
an
d
c
o
m
p
etitiv
e
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est th
at
b
ala
n
cin
g
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
with
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
p
o
licies,
is
es
s
en
tial
f
o
r
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
i
n
th
e
4
I
R
e
r
a.
C
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
r
e
f
o
r
m
alo
n
e
is
n
o
t
e
n
o
u
g
h
with
o
u
t
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
th
at
alig
n
s
p
o
lic
y
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
an
d
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
n
ee
d
s
;
f
u
t
u
r
e
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
m
u
s
t
b
e
f
lex
ib
le,
in
clu
s
iv
e,
a
n
d
alig
n
ed
with
ch
an
g
in
g
ca
r
ee
r
s
.
E
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
th
at
p
o
s
s
ess
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
wi
ll
b
e
ab
le
to
ad
ap
t
to
an
y
wo
r
k
in
g
s
itu
atio
n
an
d
v
er
s
atile
(
m
u
lti
-
s
k
illed
)
s
u
itab
le
with
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
jo
b
m
ar
k
et
[
3
9
]
.
T
ec
h
n
ical
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
alo
n
e
h
av
e
a
s
h
o
r
t lif
e
s
p
an
an
d
jo
b
s
p
ec
if
ic,
th
u
s
m
ay
n
o
t b
e
tr
an
s
f
er
ab
le
to
o
th
er
tr
ad
es.
E
ac
h
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
m
u
s
t h
av
e
th
e
d
esire
to
u
p
g
r
ad
e
h
is
o
r
h
e
r
s
k
ills
(
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le)
if
h
e
o
r
s
h
e
is
to
co
n
tin
u
e
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
[
3
8
]
.
W
h
en
t
h
er
e
was a
n
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
cr
is
is
q
u
ite
r
ec
en
tly
,
m
a
n
y
wo
r
k
er
s
lo
s
t th
eir
jo
b
s
en
tire
ly
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
o
l
u
n
tar
y
r
etir
em
en
t
o
r
f
o
r
ce
d
r
etir
em
e
n
t.
T
h
e
em
p
lo
y
er
r
etain
s
s
o
m
e,
an
d
th
ey
h
o
wev
e
r
,
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
u
n
d
e
r
g
o
a
r
etr
ain
i
n
g
to
lear
n
n
ew
s
k
ills
an
d
ac
q
u
ir
e
n
ew
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
T
o
m
a
k
e
to
d
a
y
’
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
u
s
er
s
f
am
iliar
with
th
e
to
p
ic
an
d
th
e
r
elate
d
c
h
allen
g
es,
n
ew
cu
r
r
icu
la
a
r
e
n
e
ce
s
s
ar
y
[
4
0
]
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
o
in
t
to
b
r
o
a
d
er
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
ch
allen
g
es
th
at
co
n
s
tr
ain
th
e
ad
a
p
tiv
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
T
VE
T
s
y
s
tem
s
in
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
4
.
0
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
.
Dev
el
o
p
a
n
d
i
m
p
lem
en
t
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
p
o
licie
s
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
to
m
ee
t
th
e
4
I
R
d
em
an
d
.
R
e
-
p
lan
p
o
licies
to
en
s
u
r
e
m
ar
k
etab
ilit
y
.
T
a
k
en
to
g
eth
er
,
th
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
4
I
R
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ec
o
n
ce
p
tu
alize
d
as
a
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
c
h
allen
g
e
r
ath
er
th
an
a
p
u
r
ely
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
o
n
e.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
s
itu
ated
with
in
th
e
Ma
lay
s
ian
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
is
s
u
es
id
en
tifie
d
p
o
licy
f
r
a
g
m
en
tatio
n
,
r
eg
u
l
ato
r
y
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t,
a
n
d
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
g
a
p
s
ar
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
m
an
y
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ies
n
av
ig
atin
g
r
ap
id
s
o
cio
-
tech
n
ical
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
en
h
an
ce
s
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
o
n
f
u
t
u
r
e
p
o
licy
b
y
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
c
o
h
esiv
e
an
d
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es th
at
estab
lis
h
T
VE
T
as a
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ec
o
n
ce
p
tu
alize
s
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
4
I
R
a
s
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tally
a
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
ch
allen
g
e
r
ath
er
th
an
a
p
u
r
ely
c
u
r
r
icu
la
r
,
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical,
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
is
s
u
e.
Dr
awin
g
o
n
q
u
alitativ
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
r
o
m
m
u
lti
-
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
with
in
Ma
lay
s
ia
’
s
T
VE
T
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
p
er
s
is
ten
t
f
r
ag
m
en
tatio
n
in
p
o
licy
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
,
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
p
r
ac
tices,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
an
d
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
co
n
s
tr
ain
s
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
T
VE
T
s
y
s
tem
s
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
r
esp
o
n
d
to
r
ap
id
s
o
cio
-
tech
n
ical
ch
an
g
e.
Fo
u
r
in
ter
r
elate
d
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
em
er
g
e
d
as
cr
itical
lev
er
s
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
-
r
e
ad
y
s
k
ills
s
y
s
tem
s
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
o
licies a
n
d
g
o
ve
r
n
a
n
ce
fo
r
s
kills
d
ev
elo
p
men
t in
th
e
fo
u
r
th
in
d
u
s
tr
ia
l revo
lu
tio
n
(
Mo
h
d
A
iz
u
d
d
in
S
a
a
r
i
)
1087
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
an
d
p
o
licies
in
m
an
a
g
in
g
s
k
ills
d
ata,
QA
an
d
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
,
c
o
llab
o
r
at
io
n
p
o
licy
b
etwe
en
in
s
titu
tio
n
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
a
n
d
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
c
o
llectiv
ely
illu
s
tr
ate
th
at
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
n
ess
f
o
r
th
e
4
I
R
d
ep
en
d
s
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
o
n
wh
at
is
tau
g
h
t,
b
u
t
o
n
h
o
w
p
o
licies
ar
e
co
o
r
d
in
ate
d
,
h
o
w
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
ar
e
alig
n
ed
,
h
o
w
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
co
llab
o
r
ate,
an
d
h
o
w
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
en
ab
le
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ad
a
p
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
p
o
licy
f
u
tu
r
es
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
b
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
T
VE
T
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
in
teg
r
ated
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
b
r
i
d
g
in
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
ilo
s
,
alig
n
in
g
n
atio
n
al
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
with
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
d
ig
ital
s
tewa
r
d
s
h
ip
with
in
s
k
ills
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
alizin
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
en
g
ag
em
en
t
b
ey
o
n
d
a
d
h
o
c
p
a
r
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
r
eg
ar
d
,
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
c
o
h
er
e
n
ce
em
er
g
es
as
a
p
r
ec
o
n
d
itio
n
f
o
r
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
r
elev
an
ce
,
QA
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
.
Go
o
d
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
in
v
o
lv
es
t
r
an
s
p
ar
en
t
a
n
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
le
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
s
tr
o
n
g
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
in
clu
s
iv
e
p
o
licies,
an
d
ac
tiv
e
en
g
ag
em
en
t
with
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
I
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
ts
,
civ
il
s
o
ciety
,
b
u
s
in
ess
es,
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
to
m
o
b
il
ize
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
d
r
iv
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ef
f
o
r
ts
.
Po
licies
an
d
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
co
o
r
d
in
atin
g
e
f
f
o
r
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
s
ec
to
r
s
,
r
eg
io
n
s
,
an
d
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
ese
g
o
als.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
m
o
v
e
b
ey
o
n
d
i
d
en
tify
in
g
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
to
ex
am
in
in
g
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ca
p
ac
ities
,
an
d
ev
alu
ativ
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
tr
an
s
late
g
o
v
er
n
an
c
e
p
r
in
cip
les
in
to
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
r
ac
tice.
Stre
n
g
th
en
in
g
th
e
ev
id
en
ce
b
ase
o
n
h
o
w
g
o
v
er
n
an
c
e
r
ef
o
r
m
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
k
ills
o
u
tco
m
es
will
b
e
ess
en
t
ial
f
o
r
ad
v
an
cin
g
b
o
th
s
ch
o
lar
ly
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
a
n
d
p
o
licy
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
in
th
e
er
a
o
f
th
e
4
I
R
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
wo
r
k
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
i
n
p
ar
t
b
y
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
Sk
ill
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t,
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Hu
m
a
n
R
eso
u
r
ce
s
Ma
lay
s
ia,
g
r
an
t
n
u
m
b
er
;
AKU2
2
0
,
T
h
e
Natio
n
a
l
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Ma
lay
s
ia
u
n
d
er
th
e
Pro
g
r
am
o
f
STE
M
an
d
Min
d
a
with
Gr
a
n
t
C
o
d
e
-
GG
-
2
0
1
9
-
0
7
6
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT
)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Mo
h
d
Aizu
d
d
in
Saar
i
✓
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✓
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Nu
r
Atiq
ah
J
alalu
d
in
✓
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✓
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Mo
h
am
ad
Sattar
R
asu
l
✓
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✓
Mo
h
am
ad
Hid
ir
M
h
d
Salim
✓
✓
✓
✓
Z
o
o
l H
ilm
i M
o
h
am
e
d
Ash
ar
i
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
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So
:
So
f
t
w
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r
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Va
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Va
l
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d
a
t
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n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
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a
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I
:
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n
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t
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D
:
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r
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k
n
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f
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ter
ests
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s
o
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elatio
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s
h
ip
s
th
at
co
u
ld
h
a
v
e
ap
p
ea
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ed
t
o
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
wo
r
k
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
I
NF
O
RM
E
D
CO
NS
E
N
T
T
h
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
p
r
i
v
ac
y
is
a
leg
al
r
ig
h
t
th
at
m
u
s
t
n
o
t
b
e
b
r
ea
ch
ed
with
o
u
t
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
in
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
en
t.
W
e
h
av
e
o
b
tain
ed
in
f
o
r
m
ed
c
o
n
s
en
t f
r
o
m
all
in
d
i
v
id
u
als in
clu
d
ed
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
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RE
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RE
NCES
[
1
]
J.
O
.
Ef
f
o
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,
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[
2
]
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.
M
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3
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.
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5
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