I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
v
a
lua
t
io
n a
nd
Resea
rc
h in E
du
ca
t
io
n (
I
J
E
RE
)
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
20
26
,
p
p
.
1
7
8
7
~
1
8
0
3
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ijer
e
.
v
15
i
2
.
3
3
9
5
5
1787
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ere.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Co
mm
unica
ting
under
st
ress
a
nd
t
ime
press
ure
:
foreig
n
la
ng
ua
g
e
teaching
metho
do
lo
g
y
Na
t
a
liia
G
lus
ha
ny
t
s
ia
1
,
T
et
y
a
na
T
a
rna
v
s
k
a
2
,
K
a
t
er
y
na
Sh
y
k
hn
enk
o
3
,
O
lha
Na
ho
rna
4
,
K
a
t
er
y
na
P
a
la
ma
rc
hu
k
2
,
M
a
ry
na
Va
s
y
ly
ev
a
-
K
ha
la
t
ny
ko
v
a
5
,
K
a
t
er
y
na
B
iny
t
s
ka
6
,
D
m
y
t
ro
K
o
s
t
enko
2
,
L
iud
m
y
la
K
ucheria
v
a
2
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
of
F
o
r
e
i
g
n
P
h
i
l
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
Tr
a
n
sl
a
t
i
o
n
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
of
H
u
m
a
n
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
P
e
d
a
g
o
g
y
,
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
of
Li
f
e
a
n
d
En
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
of
U
k
r
a
i
n
e
,
K
y
i
v
,
U
k
r
a
i
n
e
2
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
of
F
o
r
e
i
g
n
La
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
f
o
r
M
a
t
h
e
ma
t
i
c
a
l
F
a
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
,
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
e
of
P
h
i
l
o
l
o
g
y
,
Ta
r
a
s
S
h
e
v
c
h
e
n
k
o
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
of
K
y
i
v
,
K
y
i
v
,
U
k
r
a
i
n
e
3
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
of
P
h
i
l
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
Tr
a
n
sl
a
t
i
o
n
,
K
y
i
v
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
of
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
a
n
d
D
e
s
i
g
n
,
K
y
i
v
,
U
k
r
a
i
n
e
4
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
La
n
g
u
a
g
e
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
,
Le
o
n
i
d
Y
u
z
k
o
v
K
h
me
l
n
y
t
s
k
y
i
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
of
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
L
a
w
,
K
h
me
l
n
y
t
sk
y
i
,
U
k
r
a
i
n
e
5
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
of
S
o
c
i
a
l
R
e
h
a
b
i
l
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
S
o
c
i
a
l
P
e
d
a
g
o
g
y
,
Ta
r
a
s
S
h
e
v
c
h
e
n
k
o
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
of
K
y
i
v
,
K
y
i
v
,
U
k
r
a
i
n
e
6
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
of
P
e
d
a
g
o
g
y
,
K
h
me
l
n
y
t
s
k
y
i
H
u
ma
n
i
t
a
r
i
a
n
-
P
e
d
a
g
o
g
i
c
a
l
A
c
a
d
e
my
,
K
h
m
e
l
n
y
t
s
k
y
i
,
U
k
r
a
i
n
e
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Dec
7
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
J
an
4
,
2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
Feb
23
,
2
0
2
6
Th
e
lan
g
u
a
g
e
-
b
a
se
d
m
isc
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
o
ften
h
a
s
an
e
m
o
ti
o
n
a
l
b
a
c
k
g
ro
u
n
d
,
e
sp
e
c
ially
in
n
o
n
-
sta
n
d
a
rd
sit
u
a
ti
o
n
s,
a
n
d
lea
d
s
to
u
n
i
n
ten
d
e
d
c
o
n
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
e
v
e
n
h
u
m
a
n
lo
ss
e
s.
Th
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
of
E
n
g
l
ish
f
o
r
sp
e
c
ifi
c
p
u
rp
o
se
s
(ES
P
)
c
u
rricu
la
re
v
e
a
ls
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
of
in
s
u
fficie
n
t
a
tt
e
n
t
io
n
p
a
i
d
to
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
of
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
ll
y
si
g
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
p
e
rso
n
a
li
t
y
traits
th
a
t
d
e
term
in
e
th
e
a
b
il
it
y
to
a
v
o
id
m
isc
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
re
se
a
rc
h
is
b
a
se
d
on
th
e
m
il
it
a
ry
c
o
n
tex
t
j
u
st
b
e
c
a
u
se
th
e
ir
m
istak
e
s
m
ig
h
t
be
fa
tal,
b
u
t
t
h
e
fu
n
d
a
m
e
n
tals
of
th
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
can
be
a
p
p
li
e
d
to
a
n
y
ES
P
train
i
n
g
.
Ca
se
stu
d
ies
of
lan
g
u
a
g
e
-
b
a
se
d
e
rr
o
rs
in
m
il
it
a
ry
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
ra
l
o
b
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
s
to
a
ss
e
ss
c
a
d
e
ts
’
e
m
o
ti
o
n
a
l
sta
b
il
it
y
we
re
u
se
d
to
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
t
h
e
m
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
.
Th
e
stu
d
y
’
s
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
s
we
re
to
id
e
n
ti
f
y
fa
c
to
rs
a
ffe
c
ti
n
g
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
in
m
il
it
a
ry
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
to
p
ro
p
o
se
m
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
d
e
v
e
lo
p
i
n
g
c
a
d
e
ts
’
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
ll
y
si
g
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
q
u
a
li
ti
e
s
th
a
t
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
u
n
d
e
r
stre
ss
a
n
d
ti
m
e
p
re
ss
u
re
.
Th
e
a
rti
c
le
a
ims
to
p
re
se
n
t
an
En
g
li
sh
tea
c
h
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
of
e
rr
o
rles
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sk
il
ls.
T
h
e
n
o
v
e
l
ty
of
t
h
is
m
a
n
u
sc
rip
t
li
e
s
in
its
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
-
o
rien
ted
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
m
il
it
a
ry
E
n
g
li
sh
tea
c
h
in
g
t
h
a
t
in
teg
ra
tes
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
ica
l
m
e
th
o
d
s
with
m
il
it
a
ry
sim
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
a
li
g
n
in
g
i
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
wi
th
NA
TO
S
TANA
G
6001
sta
n
d
a
rd
s.
Th
e
fin
d
in
g
s
c
o
n
tri
b
u
te
to
m
il
it
a
r
y
lan
g
u
a
g
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
may
se
rv
e
as
a
m
o
d
e
l
fo
r
sim
il
a
r
h
i
g
h
-
sta
k
e
s
p
r
o
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
train
in
g
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
E
n
g
lis
h
f
o
r
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
Misco
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
Per
s
o
n
ality
tr
aits
Stre
s
s
T
im
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
T
h
is
is
an
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC
BY
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
T
ety
an
a
T
ar
n
a
v
s
k
a
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
of
Fo
r
eig
n
L
an
g
u
ag
es
f
o
r
Ma
th
em
atica
l
Facu
lti
es
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
an
d
Scien
tific
I
n
s
titu
te
of
Ph
ilo
lo
g
y
,
T
ar
as
Sh
ev
ch
en
k
o
Natio
n
al
Un
iv
er
s
ity
of
Ky
iv
60
Vo
lo
d
y
m
y
r
s
k
a
Stre
et,
0
1
0
3
3
Ky
iv
,
Uk
r
ain
e
E
m
ail:
tar
n
av
s
k
ay
a@
u
k
r
.
n
et
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
is
a
v
it
a
l
p
a
r
t
of
m
il
i
t
a
r
y
d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
m
a
k
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
e
a
r
l
i
es
t
m
il
i
t
a
r
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
we
r
e
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
e
d
by
r
u
n
n
e
r
s
.
S
i
n
c
e
t
h
e
n
,
co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
a
v
e
g
r
e
a
tl
y
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
e
d
.
As
an
ex
am
p
le,
J
an
e
’
s
Militar
y
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
“in
clu
d
e
t
ex
t,
au
d
i
o
,
f
ac
s
im
ile,
tacti
ca
l
g
r
o
u
n
d
-
b
ased
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
7
8
7
-
1
8
0
3
1788
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
n
av
al
s
ig
n
alin
g
,
ter
r
estrial
m
icr
o
wav
e,
tr
o
p
o
s
p
h
e
r
ic
s
ca
tter
,
s
atelli
te
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
eq
u
ip
m
en
t,
s
u
r
v
e
illan
ce
an
d
s
ig
n
al
an
al
y
s
is
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
d
ir
ec
tio
n
f
in
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
jam
m
in
g
”
[
1
]
.
No
w,
m
ilit
ar
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
B
lu
e
Fo
r
ce
T
r
ac
k
in
g
,
in
te
r
-
t
ea
m
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
r
em
o
te
u
n
m
an
n
ed
v
eh
icle
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
a
n
d
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
a
t
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
/
f
u
s
i
o
n
in
ta
c
t
ic
a
l
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
to
a
d
a
p
t
to
r
a
p
i
d
l
y
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
an
d
m
ilit
ar
y
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
an
t
u
m
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
g
o
i
n
g
to
“a
llo
w
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
s
h
ar
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
b
etwe
en
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
u
n
its
an
d
th
e
co
m
m
a
n
d
er
to
r
esp
o
n
d
q
u
ick
ly
to
b
attlef
ield
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
an
d
f
o
r
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
”
[
2
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
e
h
u
m
an
f
ac
t
o
r
s
till
lead
s
to
f
atal
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
due
to
lan
g
u
ag
e
m
i
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
T
h
i
s
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
is
w
o
r
t
h
d
e
e
p
e
r
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
b
ec
a
u
s
e
t
h
e
a
r
m
e
d
f
o
r
c
e
s
i
n
c
r
e
as
i
n
g
ly
w
o
r
k
t
o
g
e
t
h
e
r
in
m
u
l
t
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
l
l
i
a
n
c
es
a
n
d
c
o
a
l
i
ti
o
n
s
[
5
]
.
M
o
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
l
a
c
k
of
e
y
e
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
a
n
d
body
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
in
r
ad
io
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ca
u
s
e
s
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
tr
ess
f
o
r
th
o
s
e
w
h
o
co
m
m
u
n
icate
in
a
n
o
n
-
n
ati
v
e
lan
g
u
a
g
e.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
e
x
am
p
les
clea
r
ly
illu
s
tr
ate
how
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
er
r
o
r
s
an
d
th
e
in
ab
ilit
y
to
ch
ec
k
,
co
n
f
ir
m
,
a
n
d
clar
if
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
can
lead
to
h
u
m
a
n
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
e
b
o
m
b
er
cr
ew
was
ex
ec
u
tin
g
an
au
th
o
r
ized
o
r
d
er
,
b
u
t
th
e
cr
ew
m
em
b
er
s
d
id
no
t
tak
e
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
p
r
ec
a
u
tio
n
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
ey
k
n
ew
wh
er
e
f
r
ien
d
l
y
f
o
r
ce
s
wer
e
lo
ca
ted
.
Desp
ite
d
is
cr
ep
an
cies
in
r
ep
o
r
ted
U.
S.
tr
o
o
p
lo
ca
tio
n
s
–
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
s
o
m
eth
in
g
m
ay
h
av
e
b
ee
n
am
is
s
–
th
e
air
cr
ew
d
id
n
o
t
tak
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
tep
s
to
v
ali
d
ate
its
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
ef
o
r
e
la
u
n
ch
in
g
th
e
b
o
m
b
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
of
t
h
e
s
ix
was
not
p
r
o
p
e
r
ly
co
m
m
u
n
icate
d
to
th
o
s
e
co
o
r
d
in
atin
g
with
th
e
b
o
m
b
er
cr
ew.
T
h
e
m
em
b
er
s
of
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
ce
s
in
co
r
r
ec
tly
co
m
m
u
n
icate
d
s
o
m
e
tr
o
o
p
s
’
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
T
h
es
e
f
ailu
r
es
led
to
th
e
m
is
tak
en
co
n
clu
s
io
n
th
at
t
h
e
tar
g
eted
U.
S.
an
d
Af
g
h
a
n
s
o
ld
ier
s
wer
e
in
s
u
r
g
en
ts
.
“
T
h
e
k
ey
m
em
b
er
s
ex
ec
u
tin
g
th
e
clo
s
e
air
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
is
s
io
n
co
llectiv
ely
f
ailed
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ex
ec
u
te
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tals
,
wh
ich
r
esu
lted
in
p
o
o
r
s
itu
atio
n
al
aw
ar
en
ess
an
d
im
p
r
o
p
er
ta
r
g
et
id
en
tific
atio
n
”
[
6
]
.
In
1
9
5
1
,
B
r
itis
h
s
o
ld
ier
s
wer
e
o
v
er
wh
elm
e
d
by
t
h
e
C
h
in
ese.
W
h
en
an
Am
er
ican
g
en
er
al
ask
ed
f
o
r
a
s
tatu
s
u
p
d
ate,
a
co
m
m
an
d
er
r
ep
lied
,
“
t
h
in
g
s
ar
e
a
b
it
s
tic
k
y
d
o
wn
th
er
e
.
”
Am
er
ican
s
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
it
as
not
to
o
b
ad
,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
no
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
was
s
en
t,
an
d
alm
o
s
t
all
th
e
tr
o
o
p
s
wer
e
k
ill
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
of
th
e
m
is
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
[
7
]
.
On
ce
m
o
r
e,
th
is
ex
am
p
le
s
h
o
ws
th
at
lan
g
u
ag
e
co
m
p
eten
ce
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
t
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
ar
e
im
p
er
ativ
e
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
lete
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
of
a
s
itu
atio
n
.
On
Ap
r
il
22,
1
9
5
1
,
6
5
0
B
r
itis
h
s
o
ld
ier
s
wer
e
co
n
f
r
o
n
ted
by
1
0
,
0
0
0
C
h
in
ese
s
o
ld
ier
s
,
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
Ko
r
ea
n
W
ar
.
In
th
e
m
id
s
t
of
t
h
e
e
n
s
u
in
g
b
attle,
with
am
m
u
n
itio
n
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
p
e
r
ilo
u
s
ly
lo
w,
B
r
ig
ad
ier
T
h
o
m
as
B
r
o
d
ie
to
o
k
a
r
a
d
io
ca
ll
f
r
o
m
an
Am
er
ican
Ma
jo
r
-
Gen
er
al,
en
q
u
ir
in
g
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
eg
im
en
t
’
s
c
o
n
d
itio
n
.
T
a
k
in
g
B
r
o
d
ie
’
s
co
l
o
s
s
al
B
r
itis
h
-
s
t
y
le
u
n
d
er
s
tatem
en
t
“
t
h
in
g
s
ar
e
a
b
it
s
tick
y
d
o
wn
th
er
e”
liter
ally
,
th
e
Am
e
r
ican
ch
o
s
e
to
d
e
f
er
s
en
d
in
g
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
u
n
til
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
m
o
r
n
in
g
.
On
ly
40
of
th
e
Glo
s
ter
s
s
u
r
v
iv
ed
.
In
th
e
ea
r
ly
2
0
0
0
s
,
we
co
n
d
u
c
ted
a
d
o
cto
r
al
s
tu
d
y
on
th
e
la
n
g
u
ag
e
teac
h
in
g
of
air
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
m
et
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
b
ased
on
th
e
air
cr
a
f
t
ac
ci
d
en
t
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
r
ep
o
r
ts
.
I
t
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
was
ex
p
er
im
en
tally
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
was
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
im
p
lem
en
ted
an
d
p
r
o
v
e
d
th
at
it
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
co
m
p
lian
ce
of
air
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
’
an
d
p
ilo
ts
’
lan
g
u
ag
e
teac
h
in
g
with
t
h
e
I
n
te
r
n
ati
o
n
al
C
iv
il Av
iatio
n
Or
g
an
izatio
n
(
I
C
AO)
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
Similar
ly
,
to
th
e
I
C
AO
Av
iatio
n
E
n
g
lis
h
L
an
g
u
ag
e
Pro
f
icien
c
y
R
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
No
r
th
Atlan
tic
T
r
ea
ty
Or
g
an
izatio
n
(
NA
T
O
)
h
as
Stan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
Ag
r
ee
m
en
t
(
STAN
AG
6
0
0
1
)
.
T
r
an
s
itio
n
to
th
e
NAT
O
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
f
o
r
m
ilit
ar
y
p
e
r
s
o
n
n
el
in
U
k
r
ain
e
is
b
ec
o
m
in
g
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
E
n
g
lis
h
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
o
r
ca
d
ets
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
tig
h
ten
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ac
tiv
ity
of
av
iatio
n
an
d
m
ilit
ar
y
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
h
a
v
e
m
u
ch
in
co
m
m
o
n
,
n
am
ely
s
im
ilar
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
ally
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
er
s
o
n
ality
tr
aits
as
well
as
a
h
ig
h
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
of
s
tr
ess
f
u
l
s
itu
atio
n
s
[
9
]
,
an
d
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
of
m
o
tiv
atio
n
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
we
co
n
s
id
er
th
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
h
o
u
ld
be
ap
p
li
ed
to
m
ilit
ar
y
s
taf
f
teac
h
in
g
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
is
th
at
ev
en
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
of
E
n
g
lis
h
d
o
es
not
e
n
s
u
r
e
er
r
o
r
-
f
r
ee
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
-
b
ased
m
is
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
f
ten
h
as
an
em
o
tio
n
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
esp
ec
ially
in
n
o
n
-
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
of
th
e
ca
d
ets
’
E
n
g
lis
h
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
r
ev
ea
ls
th
e
lack
of
atten
tio
n
p
a
id
to
th
e
em
o
tio
n
al
in
tellig
en
ce
(EI)
t
h
at
d
eter
m
i
n
es
ca
d
ets
’
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
2
0
2
1
,
we
co
n
d
u
cted
a
s
tu
d
y
on
ca
d
ets
’
lan
g
u
ag
e
tr
ain
in
g
b
ased
on
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
of
lan
g
u
ag
e
er
r
o
r
s
th
at
m
ig
h
t
lead
to
f
atal
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
a
n
d
f
o
cu
s
ed
on
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
er
r
o
r
-
f
r
ee
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
ally
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
er
s
o
n
ality
tr
aits
.
We
co
n
s
id
er
th
at
in
ca
d
et
la
n
g
u
ag
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
,
we
s
h
o
u
ld
alwa
y
s
k
ee
p
in
m
in
d
th
e
h
u
m
an
f
ac
to
r
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
asp
ec
t
to
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
e
in
ten
d
e
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
o
u
tco
m
e.
T
h
e
ar
ticle
aim
s
to
p
r
esen
t
a
ca
d
ets
’
m
ilit
ar
y
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
t
h
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
av
o
id
m
is
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
non
-
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
of
th
e
r
esear
ch
is
th
at
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
co
n
d
u
ct
er
r
o
r
less
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
ig
h
t
co
n
s
id
er
ab
ly
m
itig
a
te
r
is
k
s
an
d
s
av
e
liv
es
f
o
r
t
h
o
s
e
wh
o
ar
e
on
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
lin
e
an
d
h
av
e
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
of
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tin
g
in
a
non
-
n
ativ
e
lan
g
u
a
g
e
wh
ile
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
eir
d
u
ties
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
ar
e:
i)
t
o
f
in
d
out
h
o
w
lan
g
u
ag
e
is
s
u
es
af
f
ec
t
m
ilit
ar
y
o
p
er
atio
n
s
;
ii)
t
o
s
tu
d
y
how
m
u
ltil
in
g
u
al
s
o
l
d
ier
s
s
h
o
u
ld
c
o
m
m
u
n
icate
in
m
is
s
io
n
ar
ea
s
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
er
r
o
r
s
in
a
non
-
n
ativ
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
;
iii)
t
o
d
e
v
elo
p
a
m
ilit
ar
y
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
b
ased
on
th
e
an
aly
s
is
of
m
is
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
an
d
f
o
c
u
s
ed
on
t
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
of
er
r
o
r
-
f
r
ee
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
;
an
d
iv
)
t
o
co
n
d
u
ct
a
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
e
x
p
er
im
en
t
to
ch
ec
k
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
of
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
C
o
mmu
n
ica
tin
g
u
n
d
er st
r
ess
a
n
d
time
p
r
ess
u
r
e:
fo
r
eig
n
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
tea
c
h
in
g
…
(
N
a
ta
liia
Glu
s
h
a
n
ytsi
a
)
1789
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
t
he
s
tu
d
y
r
aises
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
−
Ho
w
can
s
tr
ess
,
tim
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
an
d
e
m
o
tio
n
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
r
elia
b
ilit
y
of
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
m
ilit
ar
y
o
p
er
atio
n
s
?
−
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
way
s
to
d
e
v
elo
p
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
ally
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
q
u
alities
th
at
d
eter
m
in
e
ca
d
ets
’
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
co
m
p
eten
ce
?
−
W
h
at
k
in
d
of
e
x
er
cises
can
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
a
v
o
id
m
is
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
?
−
Ho
w
can
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
s
af
ety
in
th
e
m
ilit
ar
y
?
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
h
y
p
o
t
h
esis
is
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
of
in
ter
n
et
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
E
n
g
lis
h
,
with
a
f
o
cu
s
on
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
ally
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
er
s
o
n
alit
y
tr
aits
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
u
n
d
e
r
s
tr
ess
an
d
tim
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
r
is
k
of
lan
g
u
ag
e
-
r
elate
d
m
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
s
in
non
-
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
m
ilit
ar
y
,
can
be
ad
a
p
ted
f
o
r
o
th
er
ar
ea
s
of
E
n
g
lis
h
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
(
E
SP
)
tr
ain
in
g
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
was
p
r
ec
e
d
ed
by
a
l
iter
atu
r
e
r
e
v
iew
on
p
ed
ag
o
g
y
,
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
m
ilit
ar
y
s
cien
ce
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
8
]
,
NAT
O
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
STAN
AG
6001,
cu
r
r
icu
la,
an
d
ex
am
p
les
of
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
er
r
o
r
s
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
lev
el
of
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
of
em
o
tio
n
al
s
tab
ilit
y
wer
e
ca
r
r
i
ed
out
v
ia
v
id
eo
g
am
es
[
1
9
]
,
th
at
s
im
u
late
th
e
s
tr
ess
f
u
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
of
m
ilit
ar
y
ac
tiv
ity
.
NAT
O
STAN
AG
6001
test
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
ca
d
ets
’
lan
g
u
a
g
e
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
[
2
0
]
.
T
ea
ch
in
g
m
ilit
ar
y
E
n
g
lis
h
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
s
p
ec
ial
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ics
of
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ac
tiv
ities
of
s
er
v
icem
en
,
th
e
h
ig
h
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
of
n
o
n
-
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
itu
atio
n
s
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
co
m
b
at
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
u
n
d
er
s
tr
ess
an
d
a
lack
of
tim
e
[
2
1
]
–
[
2
3
]
.
Stan
d
ar
d
p
h
r
aseo
lo
g
y
d
o
es
n
o
t
co
v
e
r
all
s
itu
atio
n
s
in
m
ilit
ar
y
o
p
er
a
tio
n
s
.
In
a
d
d
itio
n
to
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
a
non
-
n
ativ
e
lan
g
u
a
g
e
can
ca
u
s
e
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t,
wh
ich
af
f
e
cts
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
of
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ac
tiv
ity
[
2
4
]
–
[
2
6
]
,
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
wn
how
co
m
m
o
n
is
th
e
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
ca
lled
“c
o
d
e
s
witch
in
g
”,
wh
en
th
e
s
p
ea
k
er
u
s
es
g
r
am
m
atica
l
or
lex
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
of
th
e
n
ati
v
e
lan
g
u
a
g
e
th
at
ch
an
g
es
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
of
wh
at
was
s
aid
.
C
o
n
cise
an
d
ea
s
ily
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
s
im
p
lifie
d
E
n
g
lis
h
with
cl
ea
r
p
r
o
n
u
n
ciatio
n
is
a
m
u
s
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
af
ety
in
em
er
g
en
cy
[
2
7
]
.
C
ad
ets
s
h
o
u
l
d
f
ee
l
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le,
be
ab
le
to
b
etter
ex
p
r
ess
th
eir
id
ea
s
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
d
u
r
i
n
g
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
with
o
u
t
h
av
in
g
to
d
ea
l
with
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
,
p
r
o
n
u
n
c
iatio
n
an
d
g
r
am
m
ar
is
s
u
es
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
b
ased
on
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
,
ac
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
b
ased
,
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e,
an
d
r
esu
lt
-
d
r
i
v
en
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
as
well
as
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
ality
th
eo
r
y
an
d
th
eo
r
y
of
th
e
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
f
o
r
m
atio
n
of
m
e
n
tal
ac
tio
n
s
[
2
9
]
–
[
3
1
]
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Po
s
itiv
e
em
o
tio
n
al
s
tim
u
li
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
lo
n
g
e
r
r
eten
tio
n
in
m
em
o
r
y
an
d
ea
s
ier
r
ec
all
with
g
r
ea
ter
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
r
ea
d
in
ess
[
3
2
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
co
n
s
id
er
a
b
le
atten
tio
n
is
p
aid
to
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
E
SP
tr
ain
in
g
,
a
r
e
v
iew
of
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
lack
of
r
esear
ch
on
how
to
d
ev
el
o
p
ca
d
ets
’
ab
ilit
y
to
av
o
id
m
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
s
in
a
non
-
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
itu
atio
n
u
n
d
e
r
s
tr
ess
an
d
tim
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
ti
o
n
u
n
d
er
s
tr
ess
,
el
im
in
ati
n
g
m
is
c
o
m
m
u
n
ic
ati
o
n
,
d
e
v
e
lo
p
i
n
g
p
r
o
f
ess
i
o
n
a
ll
y
s
i
g
n
if
i
ca
n
t
p
e
r
s
o
n
ali
ty
tr
aits
,
a
n
d
u
s
i
n
g
r
ea
l
ca
s
es,
s
im
u
l
ati
o
n
s
,
an
d
a
cti
v
e
le
ar
n
i
n
g
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
an
y
n
o
n
-
m
ilit
ar
y
f
ie
ld
.
W
e
s
u
g
g
est
th
e
s
et
o
f
ad
ap
tatio
n
p
r
in
cip
les:
r
ep
lace
m
en
t
o
f
m
ilit
ar
y
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
with
in
d
u
s
tr
y
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
cid
en
t
r
ep
o
r
ts
;
r
ep
lace
m
en
t
o
f
co
m
b
at
-
b
ase
d
s
im
u
latio
n
s
with
jo
b
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
im
u
latio
n
s
;
m
ain
ten
an
ce
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
ally
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
t
r
aits
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t;
r
eten
tio
n
o
f
th
e
er
r
o
r
-
a
n
aly
s
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
; a
n
d
u
s
e
o
f
m
i
x
ed
-
f
o
r
m
at
ass
ess
m
en
ts
r
elev
an
t to
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
.
As
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
d
v
alid
ated
with
in
t
h
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
Uk
r
ain
ian
h
ig
h
er
m
ilit
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
it
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
s
ev
er
al
cu
ltu
r
al
an
d
lin
g
u
is
tic
lim
itatio
n
s
th
at
m
ay
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
w
er
e
th
e
U
k
r
ain
ian
ca
d
ets
wi
th
s
h
ar
ed
lin
g
u
is
tic
an
d
cu
l
tu
r
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
co
n
tr
asti
n
g
with
th
e
d
iv
er
s
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ty
les
f
o
u
n
d
in
m
u
ltin
atio
n
al
NAT
O
t
ea
m
s
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
a
d
d
r
ess
es
Uk
r
ain
ian
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
allen
g
es
b
u
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
f
u
lly
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
is
s
u
es
ty
p
ical
o
f
R
o
m
an
ce
,
T
u
r
k
ic,
Ge
r
m
an
ic,
o
r
Asi
an
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
p
ea
k
er
s
.
C
u
ltu
r
al
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
i
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
u
n
d
e
r
s
tr
ess
,
in
clu
d
in
g
v
ar
y
in
g
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
f
o
r
h
ier
ar
c
h
y
,
d
ir
ec
tn
ess
,
an
d
clar
if
icatio
n
,
f
u
r
th
er
a
f
f
ec
t
h
o
w
m
is
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ar
is
es
an
d
is
r
eso
lv
ed
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
s
im
u
la
tio
n
s
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
ey
ca
n
n
o
t
f
u
lly
r
ep
r
o
d
u
c
e
th
e
c
u
ltu
r
al
an
d
lin
g
u
is
tic
d
iv
er
s
it
y
o
f
r
ea
l
m
u
ltin
atio
n
al
o
p
er
a
tio
n
s
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
’
s
co
r
e
p
r
i
n
c
ip
les
ca
n
b
e
b
r
o
ad
ly
ap
p
licab
le.
E
x
p
an
d
in
g
lin
g
u
is
tic
s
am
p
les,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
cu
ltu
r
ally
d
iv
er
s
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies,
an
d
en
g
ag
in
g
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
p
ar
tn
er
s
wo
u
ld
en
h
an
ce
its
r
elev
an
ce
f
o
r
m
u
ltin
atio
n
al
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
in
teg
r
ates
EI
tr
ain
in
g
in
to
m
ilit
ar
y
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
in
g
as
a
co
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
s
tr
ess
,
r
ath
er
th
an
as
a
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
s
u
b
ject.
E
I
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
is
em
b
ed
d
ed
in
to
s
tr
ess
-
g
r
ad
ed
task
s
,
s
im
u
latio
n
s
,
an
d
r
ef
lectiv
e
p
r
ac
tice,
tar
g
etin
g
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
s
u
ch
as
em
o
tio
n
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
f
r
u
s
tr
atio
n
to
ler
a
n
c
e,
em
p
ath
y
,
a
n
d
clar
ity
u
n
d
er
p
r
ess
u
r
e.
Dr
awin
g
o
n
th
e
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
m
en
tal
ac
tio
n
s
,
p
er
s
o
n
alit
y
th
eo
r
y
,
an
d
a
s
y
s
tem
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
t
r
ain
in
g
s
y
s
tem
ati
ca
lly
lin
k
s
E
I
with
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
.
C
ad
ets
d
ev
elo
p
E
I
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
e
s
tr
ess
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
r
ef
lectio
n
,
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
-
m
o
d
elle
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies,
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
v
id
eo
g
am
es
th
at
m
ak
e
em
o
tio
n
al
r
ea
ctio
n
s
au
d
ib
le
a
n
d
o
b
s
er
v
a
b
le.
Pro
f
ess
io
n
ally
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
tr
aits
ar
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
o
le
-
p
lay
s
an
d
tim
e
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
7
8
7
-
1
8
0
3
1790
lim
ited
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
.
E
I
is
ass
e
s
s
ed
b
eh
av
io
r
ally
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
u
latio
n
s
,
s
p
ea
k
i
n
g
ta
s
k
s
,
an
d
p
ee
r
/s
elf
-
ev
alu
atio
n
s
.
E
I
is
tr
ea
ted
as a
n
o
p
er
atio
n
al
c
o
m
p
ete
n
cy
ess
en
tial f
o
r
r
eliab
le,
er
r
o
r
-
f
r
ee
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1.
I
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
eo
r
e
tical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
in
th
e
m
ilit
ar
y
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2.
Data
an
aly
s
is
an
d
i
n
v
es
tig
atio
n
of
th
e
m
is
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
wer
e
th
e
k
ey
m
eth
o
d
s
in
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
.
C
ase
s
tu
d
ies
m
a
d
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
id
e
n
tify
co
m
m
o
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
er
r
o
r
s
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
eir
n
at
u
r
e.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
e
teac
h
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
u
s
ed
to
m
o
tiv
ate
ca
d
ets
to
be
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
.
Pro
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies,
an
d
m
ilit
ar
y
s
im
u
latio
n
v
id
eo
g
am
es
with
v
o
ice
ac
tin
g
we
r
e
in
ten
d
e
d
to
e
n
h
an
ce
th
eir
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
in
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatin
g
in
a
n
o
n
-
n
ativ
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
w
h
ile
ex
ec
u
tin
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
u
ties
[
3
3
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2.
R
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
C
o
mmu
n
ica
tin
g
u
n
d
er st
r
ess
a
n
d
time
p
r
ess
u
r
e:
fo
r
eig
n
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
tea
c
h
in
g
…
(
N
a
ta
liia
Glu
s
h
a
n
ytsi
a
)
1791
To
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
v
alid
ity
of
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
,
we
em
p
l
o
y
ed
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies,
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
,
b
eh
av
io
r
al
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
,
a
n
d
s
tan
d
a
r
d
ize
d
lan
g
u
ag
e
ass
ess
m
en
ts
u
s
in
g
NAT
O
STAN
AG
6001
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
was
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
by
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
our
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
in
r
ea
l
m
ilit
ar
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
f
a
ilu
r
es
an
d
alig
n
in
g
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
co
n
ten
t
with
I
C
AO
an
d
NAT
O
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
s
.
We
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
v
alid
it
y
of
th
e
s
tu
d
y
by
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
a
n
d
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
th
eo
r
ies
th
at
d
ir
ec
tly
r
elate
to
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
u
n
d
er
s
tr
ess
an
d
tim
e
lim
its
.
C
lear
ly
d
ef
in
ed
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
(
E
G)
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
(
C
G)
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
in
ter
n
al
v
alid
ity
.
To
estab
lis
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
th
e
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ex
p
er
im
en
t
was
r
ep
ea
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
f
o
u
r
ac
ad
e
m
ic
y
ea
r
s
an
d
m
u
ltip
le
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
y
ield
in
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
u
tco
m
es.
Stan
d
ar
d
ized
t
o
o
ls
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
wer
e
ap
p
lied
ac
r
o
s
s
all
ex
p
er
im
en
t
s
.
T
h
e
s
tatis
tica
l
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
of
th
e
r
esu
lts
was
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
’
s
t
-
test
(
t=2
.
9
2
)
,
wh
ich
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
in
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
co
m
p
eten
ce
with
in
t
h
e
EG
.
To
en
h
an
ce
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
r
i
g
o
r
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
alig
n
m
en
t
with
in
ter
n
atio
n
ally
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
em
o
tio
n
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
,
we
co
n
s
id
er
in
teg
r
atio
n
of
th
e
Ma
y
er
-
Salo
v
ey
-
C
ar
u
s
o
em
o
tio
n
al
in
tellig
en
ce
(
MSC
E
I
T
)
m
o
d
el
elem
en
ts
in
to
th
e
c
u
r
r
icu
l
u
m
.
I
n
co
r
p
o
r
ati
n
g
th
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
s
cien
tific
ally
v
alid
ated
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
EI
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
of
m
ilit
ar
y
E
n
g
lis
h
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
a
n
d
d
ir
ec
tly
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ca
d
ets
’
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
s
tr
ess
.
It
will
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
th
e
lin
k
b
etwe
en
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tiv
e
co
m
p
eten
ce
,
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
u
n
d
er
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
an
d
o
v
e
r
all
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
m
ilit
ar
y
an
d
non
-
m
ilit
ar
y
E
SP
tr
ain
in
g
.
2
.
1
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
at
th
e
Facu
lty
of
Militar
y
T
r
ain
in
g
of
Natio
n
al
Av
iatio
n
Un
iv
er
s
ity
(
Ky
iv
,
Uk
r
ain
e)
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
2
0
2
2
/2
0
2
3
an
d
2
0
2
3
/2
0
2
4
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
s
,
f
o
u
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
of
ca
d
ets
with
an
av
er
ag
e
of
s
ix
teen
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
er
g
r
o
u
p
wer
e
tr
ai
n
ed
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
of
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
was
d
ete
r
m
in
ed
by
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
of
ca
d
ets
s
tu
d
y
in
g
at
th
at
tim
e.
H
o
wev
er
,
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
2
0
2
0
/
2
0
2
1
an
d
2
0
2
1
/
2
0
2
2
ac
ad
e
m
ic
y
ea
r
s
,
th
e
s
am
e
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ex
p
er
im
en
t
was
co
n
d
u
cted
at
th
e
Natio
n
al
Av
iatio
n
Un
iv
er
s
ity
(
Ky
iv
,
Uk
r
ain
e)
an
d
Fli
g
h
t
Aca
d
em
y
of
th
e
Natio
n
al
Av
iatio
n
Un
iv
er
s
i
ty
(
Kr
o
p
y
v
n
y
ts
k
y
i,
Uk
r
ain
e)
.
It
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
f
o
u
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
of
p
ilo
ts
an
d
f
iv
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
of
AT
C
s
with
an
av
er
ag
e
of
12
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
er
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
f
o
r
th
is
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
ical
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
t
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
by
n
atu
r
al
s
am
p
lin
g
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
b
ased
on
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
of
ca
d
ets
en
r
o
lled
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lted
in
a
to
tal
s
am
p
le
s
ize
of
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
148
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
B
ec
au
s
e
of
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
of
p
eo
p
le
wh
o
wer
e
en
r
o
lled
in
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
,
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
lim
ited
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
n
d
s
tatis
tical
v
alid
atio
n
u
s
ed
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
t
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
it
was
s
u
f
f
icien
t.
No
r
m
an
et
a
l.
[
3
4
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
at
12
-
15
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
p
er
g
r
o
u
p
can
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
in
s
ig
h
ts
wh
en
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
izes
ar
e
m
o
d
er
ate
to
lar
g
e
an
d
co
m
p
le
m
en
ted
by
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
l
ik
e
in
ter
v
iews
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
.
In
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
,
p
r
e
-
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
ass
ess
m
en
ts
in
g
e
n
er
al
an
d
m
ilit
ar
y
E
n
g
lis
h
,
as
well
as
in
ter
v
iews,
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
,
a
n
d
m
ilit
ar
y
s
im
u
latio
n
v
id
e
o
g
a
m
es
allo
wed
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
a
n
aly
s
is
b
etwe
en
th
e
EG
a
n
d
t
h
e
C
G.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
of
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
was
s
tatis
t
ically
v
er
if
ied
u
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t’
s
t
-
test
(
t=2
.
9
2
)
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
in
th
e
E
G.
T
h
is
s
am
p
le
s
ize
alig
n
s
with
ac
ce
p
ted
p
r
ac
tices
in
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
r
esear
ch
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
ese
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
of
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
p
er
g
r
o
u
p
ar
e
th
o
u
g
h
t
to
be
a
d
eq
u
ate
wh
e
n
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t
is
r
ep
ea
ted
to
d
e
tect
m
ed
iu
m
-
s
ized
e
f
f
ec
ts
[
3
4
]
,
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
ch
o
s
en
s
am
p
le
s
ize
is
ad
eq
u
ate
a
n
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ically
ju
s
tifie
d
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
of
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
m
ilit
ar
y
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
2
.
2
.
Resea
rc
h
ins
t
rum
ent
s
T
h
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
in
clu
d
ed
a
n
aly
zin
g
lan
g
u
a
g
e
-
r
elate
d
in
c
id
en
ts
an
d
ac
cid
en
ts
,
o
b
s
er
v
i
n
g
ca
d
ets
’
b
eh
av
io
r
,
an
d
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
to
ass
ess
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
of
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
.
By
ex
am
in
in
g
ca
s
es
wh
er
e
er
r
o
r
s
wer
e
u
n
ac
ce
p
tab
l
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
id
en
tifie
d
th
e
r
o
o
t
ca
u
s
es
of
m
is
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
Stu
d
y
i
n
g
of
ca
d
ets
’
b
eh
av
i
o
r
in
n
o
n
-
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
itu
atio
n
s
m
ad
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
id
e
n
tify
wh
ich
p
er
s
o
n
ality
tr
aits
s
h
o
u
ld
be
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
tar
g
eted
lan
g
u
ag
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
m
ilit
ar
y
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
f
o
cu
s
ed
on
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
as
p
ec
ts
of
ca
d
ets
’
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
an
d
cr
itical
an
aly
s
is
of
th
eir
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
is
tak
es
.
I
ts
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
was
p
r
o
v
ed
by
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
en
t.
Ou
r
an
al
y
s
is
of
m
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
s
in
m
ilit
ar
y
co
n
tex
ts
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
m
o
s
t
of
th
ese
in
cid
en
ts
h
av
e
em
o
tio
n
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
an
d
id
en
tifie
d
th
e
q
u
alities
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
ca
d
ets
’
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
co
m
p
eten
ce
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
wer
e
in
teg
r
ated
in
t
o
th
e
ca
d
ets
’
E
n
g
lis
h
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
.
A
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es
of
th
e
r
esear
ch
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
,
an
d
t
h
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t
p
r
o
v
e
d
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
C
ad
ets
’
lan
g
u
ag
e
teac
h
i
n
g
was
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
in
t
h
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
teac
h
in
g
s
y
s
t
em
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
7
8
7
-
1
8
0
3
1792
Fig
u
r
e
3.
C
ad
et
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
s
y
s
tem
2
.
3
.
M
et
ho
do
lo
g
y
a
pp
ro
a
ch
es
a
nd
princi
ples
T
h
e
th
eo
r
y
of
th
e
p
h
ased
f
o
r
m
atio
n
of
m
en
tal
ac
tio
n
s
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
of
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
eth
o
d
s
of
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ac
tiv
ity
,
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
of
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
an
d
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
ca
d
ets
’
s
k
ills
an
d
ab
ilit
ie
s
.
M
ea
n
wh
ile,
th
e
th
eo
r
y
of
p
er
s
o
n
ality
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
how
d
iv
er
s
e
m
en
tal
p
r
o
p
er
ties
i
n
teg
r
ate
in
to
a
c
o
h
esiv
e
s
y
s
tem
[
3
6
]
.
Ap
p
ly
in
g
t
h
is
th
eo
r
y
e
n
ab
led
us
to
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
of
p
er
s
o
n
al
q
u
alities
on
m
ilit
ar
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
wer
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
d
in
to
th
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
an
d
in
ter
d
e
p
en
d
en
ce
of
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
m
ak
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
o
b
tain
th
e
em
er
g
e
n
t
ef
f
ec
t
of
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
u
s
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
allo
w
s
b
o
th
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
s
tr
ateg
y
of
s
cien
tific
r
esear
ch
an
d
h
y
p
o
th
etica
lly
p
r
e
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
i
n
ten
d
ed
r
es
u
lt,
i.e
.
,
to
r
eliab
l
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
task
s
on
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
of
n
o
n
-
n
ativ
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
s
tr
ess
f
u
l
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
b
ased
on
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
p
r
in
ci
p
les
an
d
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
d
id
ac
tic
p
r
in
cip
les
of
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
teac
h
in
g
of
o
p
er
ato
r
s
of
c
o
m
p
lex
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
,
i.e
.
,
s
tr
ict
r
eg
u
latio
n
a
n
d
tim
e
lim
its
of
m
aster
ed
ac
tio
n
s
,
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
s
tr
ess
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
of
th
e
m
ain
ac
tiv
ity
,
an
d
in
teg
r
a
ted
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ical
an
d
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
q
u
alities
an
d
ad
ap
tatio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
of
s
tr
ict
r
eg
u
latio
n
an
d
tim
e
l
im
its
of
m
aster
ed
ac
tio
n
s
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
by
th
e
p
ec
u
liar
ities
of
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
a
ctiv
ities
of
th
e
m
ilit
ar
y
,
wh
ic
h
ar
e
u
s
u
ally
ca
r
r
ied
out
u
n
d
e
r
tim
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
a
n
d
lar
g
e
am
o
u
n
t
of
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
m
in
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
m
p
lex
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
th
e
n
h
a
v
in
g
to
be
q
u
ic
k
ly
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
an
d
re
-
c
o
d
ed
in
to
s
p
ee
ch
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
p
r
in
cip
le
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
av
o
id
m
is
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
a
n
o
n
-
n
ativ
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
in
a
tim
e
-
lim
ite
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
of
a
d
d
itio
n
al
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ic
al
s
tr
ess
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
of
th
e
m
ain
ac
tiv
ity
is
b
ased
on
t
h
e
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
of
f
o
r
ce
d
ec
o
n
o
m
izatio
n
of
th
e
m
en
tal
c
o
s
ts
v
ia
m
o
d
ellin
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
l
o
ad
u
n
d
e
r
ex
tr
em
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
en
tal
c
o
s
ts
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
as
th
e
m
aster
ed
ac
tio
n
s
im
p
r
o
v
e.
It
lead
s
to
ca
d
ets
’
s
elf
-
co
n
f
id
en
c
e,
o
v
er
co
m
i
n
g
th
e
lan
g
u
a
g
e
an
d
s
em
an
tic
b
ar
r
ier
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
of
th
e
em
o
tio
n
al
an
d
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
c
o
s
ts
ca
u
s
ed
by
non
-
n
ativ
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
f
r
e
ein
g
up
tim
e
an
d
atten
tio
n
r
eser
v
es
to
m
ak
e
an
d
im
p
lem
e
n
t
co
m
p
lex
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
of
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
q
u
alities
an
d
ad
ap
tatio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
ally
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
p
er
s
o
n
ality
tr
aits
.
Sin
ce
o
v
er
c
o
m
in
g
th
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
an
d
s
em
an
tic
b
ar
r
ier
s
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
task
of
a
lan
g
u
ag
e
teac
h
in
g
,
it
is
ef
f
icien
t
to
co
r
r
ec
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
af
ter
th
e
f
a
ct.
T
ak
in
g
n
o
tes
on
co
m
m
o
n
m
is
tak
es
th
at
ca
d
ets
m
ak
e
an
d
th
e
n
p
r
esen
tin
g
t
h
e
m
to
th
e
class
en
s
u
r
es
th
e
n
atu
r
al
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
an
d
f
lu
en
cy
[
3
7
]
.
In
our
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
r
esear
ch
,
we
s
tu
d
ied
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ca
s
es
of
E
n
g
lis
h
m
is
u
s
e
in
air
cr
af
t
ac
cid
en
ts
an
d
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
“th
e
m
en
tal
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
q
u
alities
th
at
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
of
p
ilo
ts
an
d
air
tr
a
f
f
ic
co
n
t
r
o
ller
s
in
ex
tr
em
e
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
”
Hav
in
g
an
al
y
ze
d
t
h
e
u
s
e
of
E
n
g
lis
h
as
a
non
-
n
ativ
e
lan
g
u
a
g
e
m
ilit
ar
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
we
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
p
ilo
ts
,
air
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
s
,
an
d
th
e
m
ilit
ar
y
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
alm
o
s
t
th
e
s
am
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
ally
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
s
k
ills
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
im
ilar
co
n
d
itio
n
s
of
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
a
b
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
s
o
m
e
ex
am
p
les
of
in
ter
n
et
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
tr
ain
s
k
ills
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
ab
ilit
ies
th
at
ar
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
ally
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
o
r
th
e
m
ilit
ar
y
.
Sin
ce
th
er
e
is
no
s
p
ec
ial
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
d
is
cip
lin
e
to
tr
ain
th
ese
q
u
alities
,
an
y
d
is
cip
lin
e
tr
ain
in
g
s
h
o
u
l
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
of
t
h
e
i
n
ten
d
ed
g
o
al
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
C
o
mmu
n
ica
tin
g
u
n
d
er st
r
ess
a
n
d
time
p
r
ess
u
r
e:
fo
r
eig
n
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
tea
c
h
in
g
…
(
N
a
ta
liia
Glu
s
h
a
n
ytsi
a
)
1793
T
ab
le
1.
I
n
ter
n
et
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
ally
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
s
k
ills
P
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
l
y
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
sk
i
l
l
s
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
A
b
i
l
i
t
y
to
m
a
k
e
q
u
i
c
k
a
n
d
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
s
in
a
c
o
n
st
a
n
t
l
y
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
D
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
t
r
e
e
s
f
o
r
d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g
,
h
e
u
r
i
s
t
i
c
t
r
e
e
s
A
b
i
l
i
t
y
to
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
me
n
t
a
l
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
at
a
h
i
g
h
p
a
c
e
M
i
n
d
g
a
me
s
H
i
g
h
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
B
-
t
r
a
i
n
i
k
a
,
C
o
g
n
i
F
i
t
A
b
i
l
i
t
y
to
a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
l
y
a
ssess
t
h
e
si
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
B
A
R
D
o
b
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
g
a
mes
A
b
i
l
i
t
y
to
ma
k
e
n
o
n
-
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
s
A
r
l
e
n
a
’
s
r
u
s
h
g
a
me,
h
e
u
r
i
st
i
c
t
r
e
e
s
Lo
g
i
c
a
l
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
B
A
R
D
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
g
a
m
e
s
R
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
Ti
m
e
B
A
R
D
r
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
t
i
me
,
f
i
r
st
-
p
e
r
s
o
n
s
h
o
o
t
e
r
g
a
mes
A
b
i
l
i
t
y
to
a
v
o
i
d
se
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
u
n
n
e
l
v
i
s
i
o
n
a
n
d
se
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
H
a
p
p
y
N
e
u
r
o
n
p
r
o
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
s
a
n
d
g
a
m
e
s
,
C
o
g
n
i
F
i
t
V
i
su
a
l
a
n
d
h
e
u
r
i
s
t
i
c
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
H
e
u
r
i
s
t
i
c
t
r
e
e
s,
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
C
h
a
n
g
e
®
A
c
a
d
e
m
y
C
o
n
f
l
i
c
t
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
sk
i
l
l
s
S
h
i
n
e
B
r
i
g
h
t
Lo
w
a
g
g
r
e
ss
i
v
e
n
e
ss
a
n
d
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
n
o
t
to
p
u
t
t
h
e
b
l
a
me
on
o
t
h
e
r
s
S
h
a
r
i
n
g
W
i
sd
o
m
’
s
c
o
p
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
st
r
e
s
s
a
n
d
a
n
x
i
e
t
y
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
s
A
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
se
l
f
-
e
st
e
e
m
H
o
w
’
s
Y
o
u
r
S
e
l
f
-
Es
t
e
e
m?
(
T
e
e
n
sH
e
a
l
t
h
Q
u
i
z
)
,
se
l
f
-
e
st
e
e
m
t
e
st
(
p
h
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
t
o
d
a
y
)
C
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
Th
e
f
o
u
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
,
1
2
3
t
e
st
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
t
e
st
,
T
ED
-
Ed
l
e
ss
o
n
s
A
b
i
l
i
t
y
to
w
o
r
k
u
n
d
e
r
t
i
me
l
i
mi
t
K
n
o
w
o
r
d
Q
u
i
c
k
P
l
a
y
or
a
n
y
o
t
h
e
r
e
x
e
r
c
i
ses
w
i
t
h
t
i
m
e
l
i
m
i
t
H
i
g
h
l
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
,
s
h
o
r
t
-
t
e
r
m
a
n
d
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
m
e
m
o
r
y
H
u
b
e
r
ma
n
l
a
b
e
p
i
s
o
d
e
s
A
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
a
n
d
c
o
n
st
a
n
c
y
in
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
C
o
g
n
i
F
i
t
P
u
r
p
o
sef
u
l
n
e
ss
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
c
o
m
w
r
i
t
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
p
u
r
p
o
se
I
mag
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
v
e
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
M
i
n
d
ma
p
p
i
n
g
,
b
r
a
i
n
s
t
o
r
m
i
n
g
To
l
e
r
a
n
c
e
to
f
r
u
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
AI
f
r
u
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
l
e
r
a
n
c
e
t
r
a
i
n
e
r
A
b
i
l
i
t
y
to
l
e
a
r
n
n
e
w
s
k
i
l
l
s
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
t
t
h
e
m
to
a
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
V
i
r
t
u
a
l
c
l
a
ssr
o
o
ms,
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
sy
s
t
e
ms
,
si
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
Lo
w
n
e
u
r
o
t
i
c
i
sm
V
i
r
t
u
a
l
r
e
a
l
i
t
y
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Lo
w
l
e
v
e
l
of
e
mo
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
v
u
l
n
e
r
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
g
e
n
t
l
e
n
e
ss
,
a
n
d
e
mp
a
t
h
y
P
o
si
t
i
v
e
P
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
.
c
o
m
EI
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
s
,
VR
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Lo
w
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
st
r
e
ss
XR
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
O
b
serv
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
M
i
n
d
S
n
a
p
,
C
o
g
n
i
F
i
t
M
u
l
t
i
t
a
sk
i
n
g
B
A
R
D
m
u
l
t
i
t
a
s
k
i
n
g
g
a
m
e
s
M
o
t
o
r
sk
i
l
l
s
B
A
R
D
f
i
n
e
m
o
t
o
r
s
k
i
l
l
s
H
a
n
d
-
e
y
e
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
B
A
R
D
h
a
n
d
-
e
y
e
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
,
C
o
g
n
i
F
i
t
2
.
4
.
M
et
ho
do
lo
g
y
o
bje
ct
i
v
es
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
es
of
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
i
n
clu
d
e
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
,
h
i
g
h
m
o
tiv
atio
n
to
an
aly
ze
s
p
ec
i
al
an
d
cr
itical
s
itu
atio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
co
m
b
at
o
p
er
atio
n
s
;
em
o
tio
n
al
s
tab
ilit
y
in
em
er
g
en
cy
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
he
a
b
ilit
y
to
p
er
ce
iv
e
a
n
d
k
ee
p
in
m
em
o
r
y
t
h
e
s
p
atial
an
d
tem
p
o
r
a
l
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
of
th
e
co
m
b
at
s
itu
atio
n
,
r
ec
r
ea
t
e
its
d
y
n
am
ic
m
o
d
el
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
ec
ei
v
ed
in
a
n
o
n
-
n
ativ
e
lan
g
u
ag
e;
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
k
ills
to
an
aly
ze
t
h
e
alter
n
ativ
e
m
o
d
els
of
th
e
c
o
m
b
at
s
itu
atio
n
,
m
ak
e
n
o
n
-
s
tan
d
a
r
d
d
ec
is
io
n
s
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
of
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
in
E
n
g
lis
h
in
em
er
g
e
n
cy
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
er
r
o
r
l
ess
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
u
n
d
er
em
o
tio
n
al
s
tr
ess
,
th
e
d
ef
icit
in
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
f
r
eq
u
en
t
r
ec
o
u
r
s
e
to
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
m
em
o
r
y
,
ch
r
o
n
ic
o
v
er
lo
ad
of
wo
r
k
i
n
g
m
em
o
r
y
,
an
d
in
ten
s
iv
e
u
s
e
of
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
of
atten
tio
n
.
L
astl
y
,
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
an
aly
ze
em
er
g
en
cy
s
itu
atio
n
s
an
d
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
f
o
r
esee
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
an
d
p
r
e
-
em
p
t
th
e
r
esu
lt
of
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
.
By
th
e
en
d
of
th
e
m
ilit
ar
y
E
n
g
lis
h
co
u
r
s
e
ca
d
ets
m
u
s
t
be
ab
le
to
co
n
d
u
ct
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ly
o
r
ien
te
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
e
x
p
r
ess
p
o
in
t
of
v
iew;
s
h
o
w
f
lu
e
n
cy
an
d
c
o
h
er
en
ce
,
r
ele
v
an
t
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
,
p
r
o
p
er
g
r
am
m
ar
u
s
e,
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
;
en
s
u
r
e
f
l
u
en
t,
clea
r
,
co
n
cise
an
d
u
n
a
m
b
ig
u
o
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
;
o
b
tain
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
with
o
u
t
e
y
e
co
n
t
ac
t
in
r
ad
io
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
;
av
o
id
m
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
s
;
clar
if
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
r
eso
lv
e
m
is
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
s
;
m
in
im
ize
co
d
e
-
s
witch
in
g
as
a
c
o
m
m
o
n
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
of
alter
n
atio
n
b
etwe
en
two
lan
g
u
ag
es
with
in
a
s
in
g
le
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
in
a
b
ilin
g
u
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t;
p
ar
ap
h
r
ase;
s
lo
w
d
o
wn
th
e
r
ate
of
s
p
ee
ch
with
th
o
s
e
wh
o
ex
p
er
ien
ce
lan
g
u
ag
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lties
in
m
u
ltin
atio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
b
ased
on
th
e
an
aly
s
is
of
lan
g
u
ag
e
er
r
o
r
s
th
at
m
ig
h
t
lead
to
f
atal
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
an
d
f
o
c
u
s
ed
on
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
th
e
er
r
o
r
less
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
il
ls
was
s
cien
tific
ally
s
u
b
s
tan
t
iated
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
s
of
p
r
o
b
lem
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
p
r
ed
o
m
i
n
an
t.
2
.
5
.
M
et
ho
do
lo
g
y
co
v
er
a
g
e
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
in
clu
d
es:
i)
an
aly
s
is
of
h
o
w
lan
g
u
ag
e
is
s
u
es
af
f
ec
t
m
ilit
ar
y
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
h
o
w
s
o
ld
ier
s
co
o
p
er
ate
in
m
is
s
io
n
ar
ea
s
to
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
s
u
ch
is
s
u
es;
ii)
an
aly
s
is
of
th
e
ca
s
es
of
m
is
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
to
d
ev
el
o
p
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
an
a
ly
ze
cr
itical
s
itu
atio
n
s
u
s
in
g
s
cien
tific
r
esear
ch
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
ea
r
ch
an
d
b
in
ar
y
m
eth
o
d
s
of
an
aly
s
is
;
iii)
s
i
m
u
latio
n
m
o
d
ellin
g
to
c
r
ea
t
e
an
d
an
al
y
ze
a
d
ig
ital
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
of
a
r
ea
l
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
th
at
co
n
tain
f
ailu
r
es
lik
e
“in
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
p
ee
ch
r
ate,
p
au
s
in
g
,
p
r
o
n
u
n
ciatio
n
,
s
tr
ess
an
d
in
to
n
atio
n
,
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
of
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
as
well
as
s
lip
s
of
th
e
to
n
g
u
e”
[
3
8
]
to
p
r
ed
ic
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
lan
g
u
ag
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
7
8
7
-
1
8
0
3
1794
er
r
o
r
s
th
at
m
ig
h
t
o
cc
u
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
tr
ess
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
r
e
lated
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
in
th
e
r
e
al
wo
r
ld
;
iv
)
m
ilit
ar
y
s
im
u
latio
n
v
id
eo
g
am
es
with
v
o
ice
ac
tin
g
to
p
r
ac
tice
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
ally
o
r
ien
ted
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
d
ialec
tical
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
th
in
k
in
g
,
atten
tio
n
,
im
ag
in
atio
n
,
m
em
o
r
y
,
an
d
o
th
er
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
ally
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
er
s
o
n
ality
tr
aits
;
v
)
lis
ten
in
g
test
s
u
tili
zin
g
v
is
u
al
an
d
non
-
v
is
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
am
p
les
to
p
r
ac
tice
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
of
in
ter
n
atio
n
a
l
u
s
er
’
s
p
r
o
n
u
n
ciatio
n
s
in
la
ck
of
ey
e
co
n
tact
an
d
b
o
d
y
lan
g
u
a
g
e
in
r
a
d
io
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
[
3
9
]
;
v
i)
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
e
x
t
r
a
-
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
a
r
a
c
t
i
v
i
tie
s
to
g
e
t
r
e
a
d
y
f
o
r
i
n
t
e
r
n
at
i
o
n
a
l
m
ilit
ar
y
ex
er
cises
.
Sin
ce
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ac
tiv
iti
es
of
av
iatio
n
an
d
m
ilit
ar
y
p
e
r
s
o
n
n
el
h
a
v
e
m
u
ch
in
co
m
m
o
n
,
I
C
AO
Ma
n
u
al
9
8
3
5
s
er
v
ed
as
a
co
n
t
en
t
b
asis
f
o
r
task
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
of
m
ilit
ar
y
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
u
ch
as
s
tr
ict
s
u
b
o
r
d
in
atio
n
,
d
ec
is
iv
en
ess
,
an
d
b
r
ev
ity
wer
e
tak
e
n
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t.
T
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
of
th
e
i
n
ter
n
atio
n
a
l
u
s
er
s
’
p
r
o
n
u
n
ciatio
n
lik
e
“lo
n
g
/s
h
o
r
t
v
o
wel
len
g
th
d
is
tin
ctio
n
s
(
e.
g
.
,
h
it/h
ea
t)
,
th
e
c
o
r
r
ec
t
p
lacin
g
of
n
u
clea
r
s
tr
ess
(
e.
g
.
,
r
ad
ar
)
,
th
e
m
ar
k
i
n
g
of
to
n
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
(
i.e
.
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
an
g
es
in
v
o
ice
p
itc
h
or
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
of
in
to
n
atio
n
wh
ich
id
en
tify
n
ew
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
of
a
m
ess
ag
e)
,
a
n
d
th
e
av
o
id
an
ce
of
s
im
p
lific
a
tio
n
or
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
of
s
o
m
e
co
n
s
o
n
a
n
t
clu
s
ter
s
(
I
C
AO
Ma
n
u
al)
wer
e
also
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
in
cl
u
d
es
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ass
es
s
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
:
g
r
am
m
a
r
,
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
,
an
d
lis
ten
in
g
t
ests
to
ass
e
s
s
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
er
r
o
r
s
an
d
av
o
id
m
is
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
of
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
;
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t
task
s
to
r
ev
ea
l
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
of
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
of
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
s
k
ills
an
d
ab
ilit
ies,
i.e
.
,
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ap
p
ly
th
em
in
non
-
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
itu
atio
n
s
;
f
in
al
m
ilit
ar
y
s
im
u
latio
n
v
id
e
o
g
am
e
with
v
o
ice
ac
tin
g
ass
ess
m
en
t.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
e
x
am
p
les
of
th
e
tas
k
s
we
d
esig
n
e
d
to
d
ev
elo
p
ca
d
ets
’
er
r
o
r
less
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
.
−
I
m
p
licit
an
d
ex
p
licit
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
T
ask
1
:
l
ea
r
n
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
e
twee
n
“e
x
p
licit”
an
d
“im
p
licit”
an
d
f
ill
th
e
g
ap
s
with
“im
p
li
cit”
or
“e
x
p
licit”.
Ex
p
l
i
c
i
t
=
c
l
e
a
r
a
n
d
p
r
e
c
i
se
,
l
e
a
v
e
s
n
o
t
h
i
n
g
to
i
m
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
We
me
a
n
e
x
a
c
t
l
y
w
h
a
t
we
sa
y
.
I
mp
l
i
c
i
t
=
u
n
d
e
r
st
o
o
d
t
h
o
u
g
h
n
o
t
p
l
a
i
n
l
y
o
r
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
e
x
p
r
e
s
se
d
“
I
’
m
h
u
n
g
r
y
.
W
h
e
n
a
re
w
e
g
o
i
n
g
t
o
e
a
t
?
”
“
H
a
n
d
m
e
a
c
h
o
c
o
l
a
t
e
,
p
l
e
a
s
e
.
”
“
C
o
u
l
d
y
o
u
p
a
ss m
e
t
h
a
t
c
h
o
c
o
l
a
t
e
?
”
“
Y
e
s,
I
c
o
u
l
d
,
”
t
h
e
l
i
t
t
l
e
g
i
r
l
r
e
p
l
i
e
s,
a
s sh
e
g
r
a
b
s
a
n
d
e
a
t
s
i
t
h
e
r
se
l
f
.
i)
T
h
e
co
m
m
a
n
d
er
’
s
in
te
n
tio
n
s
wer
e
not
m
ad
e
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
ii)
T
h
e
s
o
ld
ier
s
f
o
u
n
d
an
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
p
o
liti
ca
l
s
tatem
en
t
in
th
e
ir
co
m
m
an
d
er
’
s
r
em
a
r
k
s
.
iii)
L
et
me
be
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
,
I
do
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
is
.
iv
)
We
h
av
e
not
f
in
alize
d
th
e
d
ec
i
s
io
n
,
but
h
a
v
e
an
a
g
r
ee
m
e
n
t.
−
C
o
m
m
o
n
ly
co
n
f
u
s
ed
w
o
r
d
s
An
ex
er
cise
aim
e
d
at
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ac
c
u
r
ately
a
p
p
ly
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
in
p
r
ac
tice,
wo
r
k
in
g
with
s
y
n
o
n
y
m
s
as
a
s
o
u
r
ce
of
m
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
.
T
ask
2
:
f
ill
th
e
g
ap
s
with
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ter
m
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
tab
l
es
in
each
of
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
en
ten
ce
s
.
Emerg
e
n
c
y
an
u
n
e
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
d
a
n
g
e
r
o
u
s
si
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
a
t
m
u
st
be
d
e
a
l
t
w
i
t
h
i
mm
e
d
i
a
t
e
l
y
W
a
r
n
i
n
g
si
g
n
a
l
s,
t
h
a
t
t
e
l
l
y
o
u
t
h
a
t
so
met
h
i
n
g
b
a
d
,
a
n
n
o
y
i
n
g
,
or
d
a
n
g
e
r
o
u
s
mi
g
h
t
h
a
p
p
e
n
A
l
e
r
t
a
w
a
r
n
i
n
g
to
be
r
e
a
d
y
f
o
r
p
o
ssi
b
l
e
d
a
n
g
e
r
C
a
u
t
i
o
n
a
w
a
r
n
i
n
g
to
be
c
a
r
e
f
u
l
a
n
d
t
r
y
i
n
g
to
a
v
o
i
d
d
a
n
g
e
r
M
a
l
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
f
a
u
l
t
in
t
h
e
w
a
y
mac
h
i
n
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
s
F
a
u
l
t
so
me
t
h
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
is
w
r
o
n
g
w
i
t
h
a
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
or
s
y
st
e
m
w
h
i
c
h
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
s
it
f
r
o
m
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
e
r
l
y
F
a
i
l
u
r
e
an
o
c
c
a
s
i
o
n
w
h
e
n
a
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
st
o
p
s
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
e
r
l
y
D
a
mag
e
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
h
a
r
m
c
a
u
se
d
by
s
o
me
t
h
i
n
g
or
so
me
o
n
e
D
e
f
e
c
t
a
l
a
c
k
of
s
o
me
t
h
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
me
a
n
s
t
h
a
t
s
o
met
h
i
n
g
is
n
o
t
p
e
r
f
e
c
t
i)
W
h
ile
o
p
er
atin
g
with
E
n
g
lis
h
-
s
p
ea
k
in
g
tr
o
o
p
s
,
it
is
v
ital
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
c
o
m
m
an
d
s
a
n
d
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
wh
ich
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
Yo
u
r
life
m
ay
d
ep
en
d
u
p
o
n
it!
(
war
n
in
g
s
)
ii)
Miss
ile
attac
k
s
on
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
ca
b
les,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
an
d
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
s
tr
ig
g
er
ed
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ev
er
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
s
h
u
td
o
wn
,
or
“scr
am
”,
of
all
f
o
u
r
Uk
r
ain
ian
p
lan
ts
.
(
em
e
r
g
en
c
y
)
iii)
Attack
s
on
p
o
wer
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
aim
to
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
th
e
m
o
r
ale
of
Uk
r
ain
e
’
s
civ
ilian
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
(
d
am
ag
e)
iv
)
E
u
r
o
p
e
’
s
lar
g
est
o
il
r
ef
in
er
y
s
u
f
f
er
ed
a
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
,
a
p
o
ten
tial
s
o
u
r
ce
of
jitt
er
s
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
tin
en
t
’
s
r
ef
in
ed
f
u
els
m
ar
k
et
wh
er
e
s
u
p
p
ly
h
as
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
h
it
by
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ac
tio
n
.
(
m
alf
u
n
ctio
n
)
v)
Alth
o
u
g
h
Xio
n
g
h
as
m
an
ag
ed
m
ilit
ar
y
co
n
tacts
b
etwe
en
W
a
s
h
in
g
to
n
an
d
B
eijin
g
f
o
r
a
n
u
m
b
er
of
y
ea
r
s
,
th
ese
m
ee
tin
g
s
s
h
o
u
ld
be
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ed
with
e
x
tr
em
e
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
(
ca
u
tio
n
)
v
i)
No
r
way
will
put
its
m
ilit
ar
y
on
a
r
aised
lev
el
of
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
f
r
o
m
T
u
esd
ay
,
m
o
v
in
g
m
o
r
e
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
on
to
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
u
ties
an
d
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
r
o
le
of
a
r
ap
i
d
m
o
b
ilizatio
n
f
o
r
ce
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
war
in
Uk
r
ain
e.
(
aler
t)
v
ii)
It
will
h
elp
us
co
r
r
ec
tly
d
iag
n
o
s
e
th
e
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
an
d
s
en
d
th
e
r
ig
h
t
en
g
i
n
ee
r
so
we
can
f
ix
it
f
o
r
y
o
u
.
(
f
au
lt)
v
iii)
A
m
ilit
ar
y
d
is
aster
is
th
e
d
ef
ea
t
of
one
s
id
e
in
a
b
attle
or
war
wh
ich
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
co
m
p
lete
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
of
th
e
lo
s
in
g
s
id
e
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
eir
o
b
jectiv
es.
(
f
ailu
r
e
)
ix
)
T
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
also
co
n
ten
d
ed
th
at
3M
f
ailed
to
d
is
clo
s
e
th
e
d
esig
n
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
to
th
e
m
ilit
ar
y
.
(
d
ef
ec
t)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
C
o
mmu
n
ica
tin
g
u
n
d
er st
r
ess
a
n
d
time
p
r
ess
u
r
e:
fo
r
eig
n
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
tea
c
h
in
g
…
(
N
a
ta
liia
Glu
s
h
a
n
ytsi
a
)
1795
−
Par
ap
h
r
asin
g
Par
ap
h
r
asin
g
ex
e
r
cises
ar
e
ef
f
icien
t
to
d
ev
elo
p
ca
d
ets
’
ab
i
lity
to
co
n
f
ir
m
a
n
d
clar
if
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
ask
3
:
w
r
ite
a
p
ar
a
p
h
r
ase
of
each
of
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
ass
ag
es.
Try
n
o
t
to
lo
o
k
b
ac
k
at
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
p
ass
ag
e.
In
Ma
r
ch
an
d
Ap
r
il
2
0
2
1
,
R
u
s
s
ia
s
tar
ted
a
m
ajo
r
m
ilit
ar
y
b
u
ild
-
up
n
ea
r
th
e
R
u
s
s
ian
Uk
r
ain
ian
b
o
r
d
er
.
On
24
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
2
,
R
u
s
s
ia
in
v
ad
e
d
Uk
r
ai
n
e
in
a
m
ajo
r
escalatio
n
of
th
e
R
u
s
s
ian
Uk
r
ain
ia
n
W
ar
,
wh
ich
b
e
g
an
in
2014.
Up
to
2
0
0
,
0
0
0
R
u
s
s
ian
s
o
ld
ier
s
wer
e
s
en
t
in
to
Uk
r
ai
n
e
on
24
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
to
s
wee
p
in
t
o
th
e
ca
p
ital
Ky
iv
an
d
d
ep
o
s
e
th
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
in
v
asio
n
b
e
g
an
at
th
e
d
a
wn
,
with
in
f
an
tr
y
d
iv
is
io
n
s
an
d
ar
m
o
r
ed
an
d
air
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
E
aster
n
Uk
r
ain
e,
an
d
d
o
ze
n
s
of
m
is
s
iles
attac
k
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
b
o
th
E
aster
n
Uk
r
ain
e
an
d
W
ester
n
Uk
r
ain
e.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
in
f
an
tr
y
a
n
d
tan
k
attac
k
s
we
r
e
lau
n
ch
ed
in
f
o
u
r
s
p
ea
r
h
ea
d
i
n
cu
r
s
io
n
s
,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
n
o
r
th
er
n
f
r
o
n
t
la
u
n
ch
e
d
to
war
d
s
Ky
iv
,
a
s
o
u
th
er
n
f
r
o
n
t
o
r
ig
i
n
atin
g
in
C
r
im
ea
,
a
s
o
u
t
h
-
ea
s
ter
n
f
r
o
n
t
lau
n
c
h
ed
at
th
e
cities
of
L
u
h
an
s
k
a
n
d
Do
n
etsk
,
an
d
an
ea
s
ter
n
f
r
o
n
t.
Do
ze
n
s
of
m
is
s
iles
s
tr
ik
e
ac
r
o
s
s
Uk
r
ain
e
r
ea
ch
ed
as
f
a
r
west
as
L
v
iv
.
−
Giv
in
g
d
ef
in
itio
n
s
,
h
ot
-
s
ea
t
g
a
m
e
Giv
in
g
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
s
is
a
g
am
e
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
e
lan
g
u
a
g
e
b
a
r
r
ier
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
tr
an
s
m
it
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ac
c
u
r
ately
a
n
d
co
n
cisely
ev
e
n
in
ca
s
e
of
a
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
g
a
p
or
wh
en
an
in
ter
lo
cu
t
o
r
is
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
lan
g
u
ag
e
d
if
f
icu
l
ties
.
C
ad
ets
s
it
f
ac
in
g
th
e
b
o
ar
d
.
On
e
of
th
em
tak
es
t
h
e
‘
hot
s
ea
t
’
in
f
r
o
n
t
of
th
e
class
,
f
ac
in
g
th
e
class
m
ates
a
n
d
h
is
/h
er
b
ac
k
to
t
h
e
b
o
ar
d
.
T
h
e
teac
h
er
wr
ites
th
e
wo
r
d
s
one
by
one
on
t
h
e
b
o
ar
d
.
T
h
e
aim
of
th
e
g
am
e
is
f
o
r
th
e
ca
d
ets
to
g
iv
e
a
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
of
t
h
at
wo
r
d
to
th
e
ca
d
et
wh
o
is
in
t
h
e
hot
s
ea
t.
T
h
e
more
q
u
ic
k
ly
th
e
wo
r
d
is
g
u
ess
ed
,
th
e
b
etter
t
h
e
d
e
f
in
itio
n
is
.
It
is
v
e
r
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
p
a
y
atten
tio
n
to
th
e
k
ey
wo
r
d
th
at
n
ar
r
o
ws
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
T
ask
4
,
g
iv
e
a
s
h
o
r
t
d
ef
in
itio
n
to
th
e
wo
r
d
s
b
elo
w
p
ay
in
g
atten
tio
n
to
a
k
ey
wo
r
d
.
f
u
el
–
a
SUB
STAN
C
E
th
at
is
b
u
r
n
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
ea
t
or
p
o
we
r
p
r
o
b
lem
–
a
DI
FF
I
C
UL
T
SIT
UAT
I
ON
th
at
n
ee
d
s
to
be
d
ea
lt
with
r
ad
ar
–
a
SYSTE
M
th
at
u
s
es
r
a
d
io
wav
es
to
f
in
d
out
t
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
of
s
o
m
et
h
in
g
you
ca
n
n
o
t
s
ee
m
ilit
an
t
–
a
PERS
ON
en
g
ag
ed
in
war
f
ar
e
or
co
m
b
at
n
o
is
e
–
a
SOUND
th
at
is
o
f
ten
lo
u
d
an
d
u
n
p
leasan
t
ac
cu
r
ac
y
–
th
e
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
to
h
it
th
e
tar
g
et
with
o
u
t
m
a
k
in
g
m
is
tak
es
b
r
ee
ch
–
a
r
ea
r
PAR
T
OF
a
b
ar
r
el
ca
n
n
o
n
–
a
lar
g
e
W
E
APON
th
at
f
ir
es
lar
g
e
p
r
o
jectiles
o
v
er
lo
n
g
d
is
tan
ce
co
m
b
at
zo
n
e
–
th
e
AR
E
A
wh
er
e
f
ig
h
tin
g
b
etwe
en
ar
m
ies
tak
e
s
p
lace
co
m
m
an
d
e
r
–
a
PERS
ON
wh
o
is
o
f
f
icially
in
co
n
t
r
o
l
of
m
ilit
ar
y
u
n
it
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
s
atellite
–
a
PIE
C
E
OF
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
s
en
t
i
n
to
s
p
ac
e
t
h
at
tr
av
els
a
r
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
E
ar
th
an
d
p
ass
es
telev
is
io
n
,
r
ad
io
,
a
n
d
telep
h
o
n
e
s
ig
n
als
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
p
lace
to
an
o
th
er
−
W
r
itin
g
a
r
ep
o
r
t
T
ask
9
:
Yo
u
ca
p
tu
r
ed
a
tr
aito
r
J
an
e
Fo
n
d
a
in
th
e
e
n
em
y
-
o
c
cu
p
ied
ter
r
ito
r
y
.
R
ea
d
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
th
e
f
ile
co
p
y
,
r
ep
o
r
t
it
to
y
o
u
r
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
s
an
d
tell
th
em
wh
at
ac
tio
n
s
y
o
u
h
av
e
tak
en
.
−
C
ase
s
tu
d
y
T
ask
5
:
r
ead
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
how
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
s
h
o
u
l
d
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
?
Sit
u
atio
n
s
am
p
le:
I
n
1
9
5
1
,
B
r
itis
h
s
o
ld
ier
s
wer
e
o
v
er
wh
elm
e
d
by
C
h
in
ese.
W
h
en
an
Am
er
ican
g
en
e
r
al
ask
ed
f
o
r
a
s
tatu
s
u
p
d
ate,
a
co
m
m
an
d
er
r
ep
lied
“T
h
in
g
s
ar
e
a
b
it
s
tick
y
d
o
w
n
th
er
e.
”
Am
e
r
ican
s
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
it
as
not
to
o
b
ad
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
no
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
was
s
en
t,
an
d
alm
o
s
t
all
of
th
e
tr
o
o
p
s
wer
e
k
illed
b
ec
au
s
e
of
th
e
m
is
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
−
I
m
m
ed
iate
r
esp
o
n
s
e
T
h
e
m
ilit
ar
y
p
r
o
v
er
b
“
i
f
y
o
u
th
in
k
f
o
r
a
lo
n
g
tim
e,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
th
in
g
th
at
co
m
es
to
m
in
d
is
a
b
u
llet”
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
of
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ca
d
ets
’
s
k
ills
to
r
esp
o
n
s
e
im
m
ed
iately
.
An
y
e
x
er
ci
s
es
with
tim
e
l
im
it
ar
e
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
th
at.
T
ask
6
:
w
o
r
k
in
p
air
s
.
Yo
u
h
a
v
e
two
m
in
u
tes
to
ask
a
n
d
a
n
s
wer
as
m
an
y
q
u
esti
o
n
s
as
you
ca
n
.
−
L
is
ten
-
an
d
-
an
s
wer
m
in
i
s
to
r
ie
s
To
s
p
ea
k
q
u
ick
ly
a
n
d
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
s
tan
tly
,
au
to
m
atic
ally
,
an
d
im
m
ed
iately
th
e
A.
J.
Ho
g
e
’
s
(
Ho
g
e)
R
u
le
7
was
ap
p
lied
.
U
s
in
g
h
is
lis
ten
-
an
d
-
an
s
wer
m
i
n
i
s
to
r
ies
in
s
tead
of
th
e
o
ld
lis
ten
-
an
d
-
r
ep
ea
t
way
to
lear
n
E
n
g
lis
h
,
wh
ich
d
o
es
no
t
m
a
k
e
you
th
in
k
,
is
m
u
ch
more
p
o
wer
f
u
l.
T
h
ese
ar
e
s
p
e
cial
k
in
d
of
s
to
r
ies
wh
er
e
th
e
teac
h
er
ask
s
a
lo
t
of
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
ca
d
ets
an
s
wer
ed
th
em
co
n
s
tan
tly
lik
e
in
a
r
ea
l
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
.
T
h
ey
tau
g
h
t
th
em
s
elv
es
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
q
u
ick
ly
,
ea
s
ily
,
an
d
au
t
o
m
atica
lly
.
It
is
a
p
o
wer
way
to
lear
n
how
to
th
in
k
in
E
n
g
lis
h
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
7
8
7
-
1
8
0
3
1796
−
Mo
v
ie
s
eg
m
en
ts
Mo
v
ie
s
eg
m
en
ts
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
g
et
th
e
ca
d
ets
r
ea
d
y
f
o
r
th
e
f
in
al
g
am
e.
“Jo
h
n
n
y
E
n
g
lis
h
R
eb
o
r
n
”
[
4
0
]
is
an
ex
am
p
le
to
v
o
iceo
v
e
r
or
co
m
m
en
t
ev
e
r
y
s
in
g
le
ac
tio
n
in
th
e
s
eg
m
en
t
wh
ile
th
e
y
ar
e
watc
h
in
g
it.
T
ask
8
:
p
re
watc
h
in
g
ex
e
r
cise
B
ef
o
r
e
watc
h
in
g
th
e
s
eg
m
en
t,
p
u
t th
e
wo
r
d
s
in
th
e
r
i
g
h
t o
r
d
e
r
to
m
ak
e
im
p
er
ativ
e
s
en
ten
ce
s
:
u
p
/ lo
ck
/ it
y
o
u
r
/
p
o
ck
et
/
g
o
/ to
/ r
ig
h
t
th
at
/ m
ain
tain
/ to
n
e
ac
t /
ju
s
t /
n
atu
r
al
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
/
k
ee
p
/ a
v
o
id
/ e
y
e
-
co
n
tact
tr
ig
g
er
/ p
u
ll /
th
e
tab
le
/ g
o
/ th
e
/ stan
d
/ to
/ u
p
/ a
n
d
/ c
o
f
f
ee
f
ir
e
/ h
o
ld
/ y
o
u
−
Ver
b
ten
s
es u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
Ver
b
ten
s
es
in
f
o
r
m
how
an
ac
tio
n
r
elate
s
to
tim
e
an
d
can
cr
e
ate
a
lo
t
of
co
n
f
u
s
io
n
if
u
s
ed
i
n
co
r
r
ec
tly
.
T
ask
9
:
in
th
e
s
en
te
n
ce
“
He
(
to
men
d
)
th
e
ca
r
”
,
put
th
e
v
er
b
i
n
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
ten
s
es
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
tim
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
:
twice
so
f
ar
th
is
wee
k
,
n
e
v
er
(
th
ey
h
av
e
it
m
en
d
ed
)
,
wh
en
I
s
aw
h
im
y
ester
d
a
y
(
?)
,
r
ig
h
t
n
o
w
(
-
),
th
e
d
ay
b
ef
o
r
e
y
ester
d
a
y
,
f
o
r
ab
o
u
t
3
h
o
u
r
s
,
f
o
r
ab
o
u
t
3
h
o
u
r
s
by
th
e
tim
e
th
ey
lef
t,
n
ev
er
(
it
is
not
h
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
)
,
y
ester
d
a
y
(
-
),
n
ex
t
W
ed
n
esd
ay
(
?
)
,
f
o
r
an
h
o
u
r
by
th
e
tim
e
th
e
tr
ai
n
in
g
s
tar
t
.
Her
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
s
am
p
le
task
s
u
s
ed
in
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
ts
f
o
r
g
r
a
m
m
ar
,
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
,
an
d
s
p
ea
k
i
n
g
.
All
of
th
e
m
ar
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
on
er
r
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
.
T
ask
1
:
er
r
o
r
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
in
r
a
d
io
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
ass
ess
ab
ilit
y
to
n
o
tice
er
r
o
r
s
th
at
m
a
y
ca
u
s
e
m
is
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
(
r
at
e
of
s
p
ee
ch
,
s
tr
ess
,
g
r
am
m
ar
,
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
)
.
C
ad
ets
lis
ten
to
a
s
h
o
r
t
a
u
d
io
of
a
p
ilo
t
-
AT
C
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
task
is
to
id
en
tify
th
e
er
r
o
r
an
d
wr
ite
a
co
r
r
ec
te
d
v
er
s
io
n
.
E
x
am
p
le
au
d
io
tr
an
s
cr
ip
t
:
“M
o
v
e
ea
s
t
s
ev
en
ty
m
eter
s
to
th
e
f
o
r
est.
C
o
n
f
ir
m
y
o
u
h
ea
r
m
e.
”
Stu
d
en
t
task
is
to
id
e
n
tify
th
r
ee
er
r
o
r
s
u
n
clea
r
n
u
m
b
er
,
a
m
b
ig
u
o
u
s
n
o
u
n
,
non
-
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
h
r
aseo
lo
g
y
,
r
ewr
ite
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
in
co
n
cise,
s
tan
d
a
r
d
m
ilit
ar
y
E
n
g
lis
h
an
d
e
x
p
lai
n
wh
at
m
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
c
o
u
l
d
o
cc
u
r
.
T
ask
2
:
lis
ten
in
g
to
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
ac
ce
n
ts
(
n
o
n
-
v
is
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
)
C
ad
ets
h
ea
r
m
ess
ag
es
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
by
s
p
ea
k
e
r
s
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
r
o
n
u
n
ciatio
n
p
atter
n
s
(
Uk
r
ain
i
an
,
Po
lis
h
,
Sp
a
n
is
h
,
T
u
r
k
is
h
,
an
d
E
n
g
lis
h
)
.
T
h
e
ta
s
k
is
to
id
en
tify
th
e
k
ey
m
ess
ag
es,
am
b
ig
u
o
u
s
p
ar
ts
,
p
o
te
n
tial
r
is
k
p
o
in
ts
,
an
d
clar
if
y
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
u
s
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
h
r
aseo
lo
g
y
.
T
ask
3
:
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
(
cr
iti
ca
l
s
itu
atio
n
an
aly
s
is
)
C
ad
ets
r
ec
eiv
e
a
s
h
o
r
t
-
wr
itten
in
cid
en
t
(
r
ea
l
or
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
m
ilit
ar
y
r
ep
o
r
ts
)
.
T
h
e
task
is
to
id
en
tify
all
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
er
r
o
r
s
m
a
d
e,
r
an
k
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
s
by
p
o
ten
tial
s
ev
er
ity
,
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
r
r
ec
ted
e
x
ch
an
g
e
in
co
n
cise
E
n
g
lis
h
,
an
d
d
etec
t
th
e
em
o
tio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
led
to
th
e
m
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
.
T
ask
4
:
p
r
ed
ictio
n
an
d
an
ticip
atio
n
task
Giv
en
a
d
escr
ip
tio
n
of
a
co
m
b
at
s
ce
n
ar
io
an
d
a
p
ar
tial
r
ad
i
o
tr
an
s
cr
ip
t,
ca
d
ets
m
u
s
t
p
r
ed
ict
wh
at
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
e
co
m
m
an
d
e
r
will
lik
ely
r
eq
u
est
n
ex
t,
wh
at
m
is
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
is
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
b
ab
le,
how
to
p
r
e
-
em
p
t
it
with
a
clar
if
y
in
g
m
ess
ag
e.
T
ask
5
:
m
ilit
ar
y
s
im
u
latio
n
v
i
d
eo
g
am
e
task
s
(
v
o
ice
ac
tin
g
)
E
v
er
y
5
t
h
less
o
n
,
ca
d
ets
p
lay
a
m
is
s
io
n
in
a
m
ilit
ar
y
s
im
u
latio
n
g
am
e
(
FP
S
or
s
tr
ateg
y
)
.
All
ac
tio
n
s
m
u
s
t
be
v
o
iced
alo
u
d
in
E
n
g
lis
h
.
Ass
es
s
m
en
t
f
o
cu
s
es
on
clar
ity
,
r
ate
of
s
p
ee
ch
,
em
o
tio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l,
ab
ilit
y
to
p
ar
ap
h
r
ase,
ab
ilit
y
to
is
s
u
e
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
.
Sam
p
le
p
r
o
m
p
ts
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
:
“Yo
u
r
p
ar
t
n
er
m
is
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
s
a
co
o
r
d
i
n
ate.
C
lar
if
y
it.”
“Yo
u
h
ea
r
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
.
R
eq
u
e
s
t
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
u
s
in
g
co
n
cise
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
”
“Yo
u
r
team
m
ate
p
a
n
ics.
Slo
w
your
s
p
ee
c
h
an
d
s
tab
ilize
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
”
T
ask
6
:
f
in
al
s
im
u
latio
n
g
am
e
C
ad
ets
ar
e
g
iv
en
a
co
m
p
lex
s
ce
n
ar
io
b
ased
on
r
ea
l
e
v
en
ts
:
r
ad
io
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
,
am
b
ig
u
o
u
s
o
r
d
er
s
,
u
n
ex
p
ec
te
d
th
r
ea
ts
,
n
ee
d
to
r
an
k
th
r
ea
t
s
by
ex
tr
em
en
ess
,
lim
ited
t
im
e,
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
p
r
ess
u
r
e.
T
h
e
task
is
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
all
ac
tio
n
s
al
o
u
d
,
c
h
ec
k
/co
n
f
ir
m
/clar
if
y
,
s
u
m
m
ar
ize,
a
n
d
r
ep
o
r
t
af
ter
t
h
e
m
is
s
io
n
.
As
an
ex
am
p
le,
we
s
u
g
g
est
an
er
r
o
r
-
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
(
g
r
a
m
m
ar
/v
o
ca
b
u
l
ar
y
/lis
ten
in
g
)
r
u
b
r
ic
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.