I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
v
a
lua
t
io
n a
nd
Resea
rc
h in E
du
ca
t
io
n (
I
J
E
RE
)
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
20
26
,
p
p
.
1
3
5
3
~
1
3
6
4
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ijer
e
.
v
15
i
2
.
3
4
7
2
6
1353
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ere.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Dev
elo
pment
ex
te
rna
l qual
ity a
ss
ess
ment
u
tilizatio
n
mo
del f
o
r
impro
v
ing
intern
a
l qual
ity a
ss
ura
nce sy
stem
o
f
t
he
c
hild
dev
elo
pment c
ent
er
T
re
ek
o
m
P
r
o
mm
a
bo
o
n
1
,
Sir
ilu
ck
B
o
o
ng
t
ho
ng
2
,
K
rit
P
int
ho
ng
3
,
P
iy
a
po
rn
Seesu
n
1
,
P
ra
s
a
rt
Nua
ng
cha
lerm
4
1
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
S
u
r
i
n
d
r
a
R
a
j
a
b
h
a
t
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
M
u
e
a
n
g
S
u
r
i
n
,
T
h
a
i
l
a
n
d
2
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
H
u
ma
n
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s,
S
u
r
i
n
d
r
a
R
a
j
a
b
h
a
t
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
M
u
e
a
n
g
S
u
r
i
n
,
T
h
a
i
l
a
n
d
3
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
A
g
r
o
-
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
,
R
a
j
a
ma
n
g
a
l
a
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
S
u
v
a
r
n
a
b
h
u
mi
,
N
o
n
t
h
a
b
u
r
i
,
T
h
a
i
l
a
n
d
4
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
M
a
h
a
sar
a
k
h
a
m
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
K
a
n
t
h
a
r
a
w
i
c
h
a
i
,
T
h
a
i
l
a
n
d
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
an
22
,
2
0
2
5
R
ev
is
ed
J
an
1
,
2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
Feb
1
,
2
0
2
6
Th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
se
s
o
n
th
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
e
x
tern
a
l
q
u
a
li
t
y
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
(EQA)
u
ti
li
z
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
fo
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
in
g
th
e
i
n
tern
a
l
q
u
a
li
t
y
a
ss
u
ra
n
c
e
sy
ste
m
with
in
c
h
il
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
c
e
n
te
rs.
Th
e
re
se
a
rc
h
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
(R&
D)
m
e
th
o
d
s
a
lo
n
g
wit
h
p
a
ra
ll
e
l
m
ix
e
d
m
e
th
o
d
s,
th
e
stu
d
y
u
n
f
o
ld
s
i
n
t
h
re
e
d
ist
in
c
t
p
h
a
se
s.
P
h
a
se
1
i
n
v
o
lv
e
s
a
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
su
rv
e
y
o
f
c
u
rre
n
t
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s,
p
ro
b
lem
s,
n
e
e
d
s,
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
th
e
u
t
il
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
EQA
in
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
th
e
in
ter
n
a
l
q
u
a
li
ty
a
ss
u
ra
n
c
e
sy
ste
m
o
f
c
h
il
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
c
e
n
ters
.
P
h
a
se
2
c
o
n
stit
u
tes
a
m
u
lt
i
p
le
-
c
a
se
stu
d
y
,
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
in
-
d
e
p
th
i
n
terv
iew
s
fo
r
d
a
ta
c
o
l
lec
ti
o
n
.
P
h
a
se
3
i
n
teg
ra
tes
fin
d
i
n
g
s
fr
o
m
p
h
a
se
s
1
a
n
d
2
t
o
sy
n
th
e
siz
e
a
m
o
d
e
l
fo
r
u
ti
li
z
i
n
g
tes
t
re
su
lt
s.
F
in
a
ll
y
,
th
e
stu
d
y
i
n
v
o
lv
e
s
t
h
e
tri
a
l
a
n
d
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
g
u
i
d
e
li
n
e
s
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
EQA
u
ti
li
z
a
ti
o
n
t
o
imp
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
in
tern
a
l
q
u
a
li
t
y
a
ss
u
ra
n
c
e
sy
ste
m
.
Th
e
fin
d
i
n
g
s
in
d
ica
te
th
a
t
th
e
c
u
rre
n
t
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
o
f
q
u
a
li
ty
a
ss
u
ra
n
c
e
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
in
c
h
il
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
c
e
n
ters
u
n
d
e
r
l
o
c
a
l
a
d
m
in
istrati
v
e
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s
a
r
e
m
o
stly
c
o
m
p
lete
b
u
t
e
x
h
i
b
it
p
r
o
b
lem
s
a
t
a
lo
w
lev
e
l
a
c
ro
ss
a
ll
sta
n
d
a
rd
s.
Or
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t,
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
ti
o
n
in
i
n
tern
a
l
q
u
a
li
t
y
a
ss
u
ra
n
c
e
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
s,
a
d
a
p
tatio
n
fro
m
e
x
ter
n
a
l
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
re
su
lt
s,
a
n
d
a
tt
it
u
d
e
to
wa
rd
s
q
u
a
li
t
y
a
ss
u
ra
n
c
e
a
re
c
r
u
c
ial
c
o
n
t
rib
u
t
o
rs.
In
c
o
n
c
l
u
sio
n
,
th
e
EQA
u
ti
li
z
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
fo
r
imp
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
in
ter
n
a
l
q
u
a
li
t
y
a
ss
u
ra
n
c
e
s
y
ste
m
o
f
th
e
c
h
il
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
c
e
n
ter
a
s
a
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
to
o
l
f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
q
u
a
li
t
y
a
ss
u
ra
n
c
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
s
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
h
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t c
en
ter
E
x
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
t
I
n
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
R
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
Utilizatio
n
m
o
d
el
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Pra
s
ar
t N
u
an
g
ch
aler
m
Facu
lty
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
Ma
h
asar
ak
h
am
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
Kan
th
ar
awic
h
ai,
Ma
h
asar
ak
h
a
m
,
T
h
ailan
d
E
m
ail: p
r
asar
t.n
@
m
s
u
.
ac
.
th
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
ar
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
,
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
s
tag
e
m
ar
k
ed
b
y
r
ap
id
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
s
er
v
es a
s
th
e
co
r
n
er
s
to
n
e
f
o
r
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al
’
s
g
r
o
wth
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
cr
u
cial
p
er
io
d
n
o
t
o
n
ly
s
h
ap
es
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
b
u
t
also
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
ts
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
p
r
o
s
p
er
ity
o
f
a
n
atio
n
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
p
r
ess
in
g
n
ee
d
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
cr
itical
wea
k
n
ess
es
in
its
q
u
ality
,
u
r
g
en
t
co
llectiv
e
ac
tio
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t,
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ec
to
r
s
,
p
ar
en
ts
,
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ca
r
e
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
ch
ild
r
en
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
p
iv
o
tal
s
tag
e.
T
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ca
r
e,
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
er
v
ices
f
o
r
ch
ild
r
en
f
r
o
m
b
ir
th
u
n
til th
ey
en
ter
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
3
5
3
-
1
3
6
4
1354
L
o
ca
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
.
T
h
ese
ce
n
ter
s
aim
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
h
o
lis
tic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
ag
ed
2
-
5
y
ea
r
s
.
T
o
m
ain
tain
q
u
ality
,
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
h
as
b
ee
n
in
p
lace
s
in
ce
th
e
1
9
8
5
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
.
Ho
wev
er
,
ch
allen
g
es
p
er
s
is
t
in
m
ee
tin
g
cr
iter
ia
an
d
en
h
an
cin
g
th
is
s
y
s
tem
to
alig
n
with
ev
o
lv
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
M
i
n
i
s
t
r
y
o
f
I
n
t
e
r
i
o
r
’
s
a
n
n
o
u
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
f
o
r
e
a
r
l
y
c
h
i
l
d
h
o
o
d
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
s
a
n
o
n
g
o
in
g
ef
f
o
r
t to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
b
o
th
in
ter
n
al
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
ts
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
C
h
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
m
an
ag
ed
b
y
lo
ca
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
f
ac
e
ch
allen
g
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
t
(
E
QA)
.
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
8
-
1
2
in
d
icato
r
s
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
alig
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
with
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
ef
o
r
m
p
o
licies.
T
h
e
u
r
g
en
cy
o
f
lo
ca
l
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
to
d
ev
is
e
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
u
tili
zin
g
ex
ter
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es
b
ec
o
m
es
ap
p
ar
en
t,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
h
ig
h
ly
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
,
to
f
o
r
tify
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
in
th
ese
s
ig
n
if
ican
t e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
[
3
]
.
A
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
r
ev
iew
o
f
p
ast
an
d
p
r
esen
t
r
esear
ch
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
u
tili
zin
g
q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
Stu
d
ies
h
av
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
f
in
d
in
g
s
an
d
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
els to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
m
all
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
v
ar
ies
at
b
o
th
in
d
iv
id
u
al
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
lev
els,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ad
d
r
ess
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
en
h
an
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
[
6
]
–
[
8
]
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
s
tu
d
y
,
wh
er
e
E
QA
r
ev
ea
l
im
m
ed
iate
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
n
ee
d
s
,
th
er
e
is
a
d
ea
r
th
o
f
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es
with
n
atio
n
al
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
aim
s
to
b
r
id
g
e
th
is
g
ap
b
y
g
ath
er
in
g
b
o
th
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
b
y
in
v
esti
g
atin
g
an
d
f
o
r
m
u
latin
g
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
lev
er
ag
in
g
E
QA
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
with
in
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
.
Ultim
ately
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
s
ee
k
s
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
f
r
esh
in
s
ig
h
ts
an
d
g
u
id
elin
es
to
u
p
lift
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
ese
ce
n
ter
s
,
alig
n
in
g
th
em
with
th
e
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
s
s
et
b
y
n
atio
n
al
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
.
T
h
e
b
r
o
ad
er
g
o
al
is
to
f
o
s
ter
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
q
u
ality
in
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
co
n
tin
u
ed
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
T
h
ai
y
o
u
th
as
q
u
ality
citizen
s
with
in
th
e
n
atio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
em
p
lo
y
s
a
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
a
p
ar
allel
d
esig
n
k
n
o
wn
as
co
n
v
er
g
en
t
d
esig
n
,
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
(
R
&
D
)
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
o
b
tain
ed
h
u
m
an
r
esear
ch
eth
ics
ce
r
tific
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
Hu
m
an
R
esear
ch
E
th
ics
C
o
m
m
ittee
at
Su
r
in
R
ajab
h
at
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
with
th
e
p
r
o
ject
co
d
e
HE
6
6
2
0
0
2
.
Ap
p
r
o
v
al
was
g
r
an
ted
d
u
r
in
g
m
ee
tin
g
n
o
.
3
/2
0
2
3
o
n
J
u
n
e
8
th
,
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
en
co
m
p
ass
es
th
r
ee
m
ain
m
eth
o
d
s
,
th
ey
ar
e
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
s
,
m
u
ltip
le
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies,
an
d
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
m
o
d
el.
2
.
1
.
P
ha
s
e
1
:
s
urv
ey
re
s
ea
rc
h m
e
t
ho
ds
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
clu
d
ed
5
4
9
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
u
n
d
er
th
e
lo
ca
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
in
Su
r
in
P
r
o
v
in
ce
,
T
h
ailan
d
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
a
s
u
r
v
ey
th
r
o
u
g
h
2
8
6
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
,
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
T
ar
o
Yam
an
e
’
s
ca
lcu
latio
n
tab
le
with
a
co
n
f
id
en
ce
lev
el
o
f
9
5
%
an
d
an
er
r
o
r
m
ar
g
in
o
f
±
5
%.
Data
wer
e
co
llected
f
r
o
m
3
0
0
lo
ca
tio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
u
lti
-
s
tag
e
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
,
with
a
s
in
g
le
in
f
o
r
m
an
t f
r
o
m
ea
ch
ce
n
ter
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
clu
d
es
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
n
ee
d
s
,
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
E
QA
r
esu
lts
.
Facto
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
o
f
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
ar
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ar
io
u
s
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
n
ee
d
s
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t,
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
attitu
d
es
to
war
d
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
,
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
esu
lts
.
A
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
with
a
5
-
lev
el
r
atin
g
s
ca
le
an
d
a
s
elec
tio
n
-
r
esp
o
n
s
e
n
atu
r
e
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
s
ec
tio
n
s
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
n
ee
d
s
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t,
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
b
ased
o
n
ex
ter
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
o
p
in
io
n
s
o
n
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
,
an
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
r
esear
ch
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
was
ev
alu
ated
b
y
ex
p
er
ts
with
r
an
g
es
o
f
in
d
ex
o
f
co
n
g
r
u
en
ce
b
etwe
en
0
.
6
0
an
d
1
.
0
0
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
en
ts
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
wer
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
item
s
b
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le.
An
o
n
lin
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
u
s
in
g
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
was
u
tili
ze
d
,
with
d
ata
co
llected
f
r
o
m
3
0
0
in
f
o
r
m
an
ts
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
.
Qu
an
titativ
e
d
ata
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tics
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
er
ce
n
tag
es,
m
ea
n
s
,
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
.
Facto
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
esu
lts
wer
e
ex
am
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tep
wis
e
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dev
elo
p
men
t e
xtern
a
l q
u
a
lity a
s
s
ess
men
t u
tili
z
a
tio
n
mo
d
el
fo
r
imp
r
o
vin
g
… (
Tr
ee
ko
m
P
r
o
mma
b
o
o
n
)
1355
2
.
2
.
P
ha
s
e
2
:
m
ultiple c
a
s
e
s
t
ud
ie
s
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
1
8
m
o
d
el
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
u
n
d
er
th
e
Su
b
d
is
tr
ict
Ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
Or
g
an
izatio
n
an
d
Su
b
d
is
tr
ict
Mu
n
icip
ality
in
Su
r
in
Pro
v
in
ce
.
Fiv
e
m
o
d
el
ce
n
ter
s
wer
e
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
E
QA
at
g
o
o
d
r
esu
lts
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
en
co
m
p
ass
es
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
d
itio
n
,
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
n
ee
d
s
,
an
d
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
o
f
m
o
d
el
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
asp
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
,
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
n
ee
d
s
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t,
attitu
d
es
to
war
d
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
,
an
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
t r
esu
lts
.
Sem
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
ter
v
iews
an
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
with
a
5
-
lev
el
r
atin
g
s
ca
le
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
ass
ess
ed
f
o
r
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
,
with
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
0
.
9
8
.
Data
wer
e
co
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
-
d
ep
th
in
ter
v
iews
an
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
f
r
o
m
k
ey
in
f
o
r
m
an
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
d
ir
ec
to
r
s
,
teac
h
er
s
,
an
d
p
ar
en
ts
,
to
talin
g
3
0
in
d
iv
id
u
als.
C
o
n
ten
t
an
aly
s
is
an
d
in
d
u
ctiv
e
an
aly
s
is
(
an
aly
tic
in
d
u
cti
o
n
)
wer
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
in
ter
p
r
et
an
d
cr
ea
te
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
in
ter
v
iews a
n
d
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t r
ep
o
r
ts
.
2
.
3
.
P
ha
s
e
3
:
dev
elo
pm
ent
ex
t
er
na
l qua
lity
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
utiliza
t
io
n m
o
del
Key
in
f
o
r
m
an
ts
in
clu
d
e
lo
ca
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
cu
ltu
r
e
d
iv
is
io
n
d
ir
ec
to
r
s
,
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
d
ir
ec
to
r
s
,
ch
ild
ca
r
e
teac
h
er
s
,
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ex
p
er
ts
,
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
ex
p
er
ts
.
A
to
tal
o
f
3
0
in
d
iv
id
u
als
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
in
ter
v
iews
an
d
m
o
d
el
ev
alu
atio
n
s
.
Fo
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
f
o
r
m
s
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
f
o
r
m
s
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
h
as
a
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
in
d
ex
(
in
d
ex
o
f
item
o
b
jectiv
e
co
n
g
r
u
en
ce
:
I
OC
)
b
etwe
en
0
.
6
6
an
d
1
.
0
0
,
an
d
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
t o
f
0
.
9
3
an
d
0
.
9
5
.
Data
wer
e
co
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
in
ter
v
iews a
n
d
ev
alu
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
m
o
d
el.
R
esu
lts
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
av
er
ag
e
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
f
o
r
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
p
r
o
p
r
iety
.
C
o
n
ten
t
an
aly
s
is
was
ap
p
lied
to
f
o
cu
s
o
n
r
elev
an
t
co
n
ten
t
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
ce
p
t.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Su
rv
ey
re
s
ea
rc
h a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
o
p
er
atio
n
s
with
in
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
u
n
d
er
lo
ca
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
ettin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
cr
ea
tin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
lan
s
,
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
th
e
p
lan
s
.
T
h
ese
o
p
er
atio
n
s
in
clu
d
e
ev
alu
atin
g
in
ter
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
,
f
o
llo
w
u
p
o
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
an
d
p
r
ep
ar
e
a
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
ep
o
r
t
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
ep
o
r
t
is
th
en
s
u
b
m
itted
an
d
is
co
m
p
lete
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate.
Qu
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
o
p
er
atio
n
s
in
lo
ca
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
in
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
h
o
w
b
o
th
s
u
cc
ess
es
an
d
s
h
o
r
tco
m
in
g
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
r
esear
ch
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
r
ep
o
r
ts
,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
es
s
ettin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
lan
s
,
ass
ess
in
g
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
,
an
d
p
r
esen
tin
g
a
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
ep
o
r
t
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
r
ep
o
r
ts
ar
e
9
5
%
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate,
s
h
o
win
g
a
s
tr
o
n
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
Desp
ite
th
is
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
d
if
f
icu
lties
ex
is
t
at
lo
w
lev
els
ac
r
o
s
s
all
o
p
er
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
r
ev
ea
ls
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
im
p
o
r
tan
t
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
g
r
o
wth
n
ee
d
s
alig
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
r
ac
tices
with
ch
an
g
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
d
em
an
d
s
o
n
g
o
in
g
ef
f
o
r
t.
C
r
ea
tio
n
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
an
d
ch
ild
ca
r
etak
er
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
b
etter
tr
ain
ed
to
o
r
g
an
ize
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
lear
n
in
g
an
d
p
lay
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
r
eq
u
ir
es
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
p
o
licies
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
b
o
th
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
ca
r
e.
R
esear
ch
in
d
icate
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
in
q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
ch
ild
ca
r
e
ce
n
ter
s
,
with
s
o
m
e
ce
n
ter
s
s
h
o
win
g
g
r
ea
ter
s
tab
ilit
y
th
an
o
th
er
s
.
T
h
is
in
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
u
n
d
er
m
in
es
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
r
is
k
-
b
ased
o
v
er
s
ig
h
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[
1
1
]
.
Par
en
ts
p
r
io
r
itize
s
af
ety
,
q
u
alif
ied
s
taf
f
,
an
d
en
g
ag
in
g
cu
r
r
icu
la,
wh
ich
ar
e
ess
en
tial f
o
r
th
eir
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
ch
ild
r
en
’
s
f
u
tu
r
e
lear
n
in
g
s
u
cc
ess
[
1
2
]
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es,
estab
lis
h
in
g
r
o
b
u
s
t
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
s
er
v
ice
d
eliv
er
y
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
n
atio
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
n
g
o
in
g
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
ad
ap
tatio
n
o
f
th
ese
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
n
ee
d
s
o
f
ch
ild
ca
r
e
s
er
v
ices.
Stu
d
ies s
h
o
w
th
at
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
n
ee
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t to
h
elp
ch
ild
r
en
d
ev
elo
p
co
g
n
itiv
ely
an
d
s
o
cially
.
E
d
u
ca
to
r
s
n
ee
d
o
n
g
o
in
g
tr
ain
in
g
,
m
en
to
r
in
g
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ca
r
e.
Ma
n
y
ce
n
ter
s
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
cr
ea
te
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
d
esp
ite
th
eir
s
tr
o
n
g
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Sch
o
lar
s
s
ay
s
y
s
tem
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
y
n
am
ic,
n
o
t
ju
s
t
a
ch
ec
k
-
box
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
to
en
s
u
r
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
ce
llen
ce
.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
r
ev
is
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
an
d
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
co
m
m
en
ts
.
C
en
ter
s
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
in
teg
r
ate
ex
ter
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
esu
lts
in
to
th
eir
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t p
r
o
g
r
am
s
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
A
leg
is
lativ
e
n
ec
ess
ity
,
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
s
ca
n
also
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
r
ef
lectiv
e
p
r
ac
tice
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
B
r
id
g
in
g
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
s
an
d
in
ter
n
al
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
an
d
s
taf
f
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
wh
ich
is
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
.
A
cu
ltu
r
e
o
f
co
n
tin
u
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
3
5
3
-
1
3
6
4
1356
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
is
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
p
ar
en
tal
an
d
all
s
ec
to
r
s
’
en
g
ag
em
en
ts
[
1
7
]
.
Po
s
itiv
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ev
alu
atio
n
d
ata
s
u
g
g
ests
in
cr
ea
s
ed
m
atu
r
ity
in
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
ey
n
ee
d
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
,
teac
h
in
g
,
an
d
in
ter
n
al
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
n
ee
d
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
o
p
er
atio
n
s
with
in
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
.
E
v
er
y
lo
ca
tio
n
n
ee
d
s
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
th
at
co
v
er
:
i
)
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
;
ii
)
teac
h
er
s
/ch
ild
ca
r
etak
er
s
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
ca
r
e
an
d
o
r
g
an
izin
g
lear
n
in
g
an
d
p
lay
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
f
o
r
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
;
iii
)
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
e
s
p
ec
ially
in
th
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
;
an
d
iv
)
in
th
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
E
QA
.
T
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
an
d
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
o
p
er
atio
n
s
wer
e
o
v
er
all
at
th
e
h
ig
h
est
lev
el
.
T
h
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
E
QA
r
esu
lts
an
d
attitu
d
es
to
war
d
s
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
an
d
E
QA
wer
e
o
v
er
all
at
a
h
ig
h
lev
el.
Facto
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
E
QA
r
esu
lts
o
f
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
ca
n
b
e
s
een
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t o
f
th
e
p
r
ed
icto
r
an
d
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t v
ar
iab
les
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
X1
1
.
0
0
0
X2
0
.
0
4
5
1
.
0
0
0
X3
0
.
1
0
6
0
.
5
3
4
1
.
0
0
0
X4
0
.
0
6
4
0
.
0
4
0
0
.
0
3
9
1
.
0
0
0
X5
0
.
2
1
9
*
0
.
5
1
7
*
0
.
6
9
4
*
0
.
0
4
1
1
.
0
0
0
X6
-
0
.
1
5
1
*
-
0
.
2
7
6
*
-
0
.
3
7
6
*
-
0
.
0
3
2
-
0
.
3
6
3
*
1
.
0
0
0
Y
0
.
2
0
6
*
0
.
4
6
6
*
0
.
8
0
3
*
0
.
0
2
9
0
.
6
7
0
*
-
0
.
4
2
4
*
0
.
9
5
4
.
4
9
4
.
1
5
4
.
0
9
4
.
2
6
1
.
9
2
SD
0
.
1
1
0
.
5
1
0
.
5
6
0
.
6
5
0
.
6
1
0
.
6
9
N
o
t
e
:
*
C
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
s si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
a
t
t
h
e
0
.
0
5
l
e
v
e
l
(
2
-
t
a
i
l
e
d
)
a
n
d
X
1
=
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
ssu
r
a
n
c
e
sy
st
e
m,
X
2
=
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
i
t
men
t
,
X
3
=
a
d
a
p
t
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
ssessmen
t
,
X
4
=
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
a
ssessmen
t
,
X
5
=
P
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
ssu
r
a
n
c
e
sy
st
e
m.
X
6
=
Le
v
e
l
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
ssu
r
a
n
c
e
sy
st
e
m p
r
o
b
l
e
ms a
n
d
Y
=
EQ
A
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
s
ev
en
o
b
s
er
v
ed
v
ar
iab
les
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
er
e
wer
e
f
o
u
r
p
air
s
o
f
v
ar
iab
les:
i
)
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
an
d
th
e
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
(
r
=0
.
2
0
6
)
;
ii
)
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
an
d
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
(
r
=0
.
4
6
6
)
;
iii
)
ad
ap
tin
g
to
E
QA
(
r
=0
.
8
0
3
)
;
an
d
iv
)
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
(
r
=0
.
6
7
0
)
h
av
e
a
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
with
s
tatis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
at
th
e
0
.
0
1
lev
el,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
r
elate
d
in
th
e
s
am
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
with
a
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t b
etwe
en
th
e
v
ar
iab
les an
d
th
er
e
is
one
p
air
,
i.e
.
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
lev
el
an
d
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
ar
e
r
elate
d
.
in
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
with
s
tatis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
at
th
e
0
.
0
5
lev
el,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
r
elate
d
in
o
p
p
o
s
ite
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
with
a
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
eq
u
al
to
0
.
4
2
4
an
d
th
er
e
is
one
p
air
o
f
v
ar
iab
les,
n
am
ely
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
(
r
=0
.
0
2
9
)
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
’
s
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
ev
en
o
b
s
er
v
ed
v
ar
iab
les
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
’
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ev
alu
atio
n
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
m
in
o
r
,
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
in
d
icate
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
th
at
u
s
e
ex
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ev
alu
atio
n
s
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
r
esu
lts
wh
en
th
ey
im
p
lem
en
t
s
tr
o
n
g
er
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
[
1
8
]
.
An
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ev
alu
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
p
r
ep
ar
es
f
o
r
ex
ter
n
al
ex
am
in
atio
n
s
.
R
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
th
at
alig
n
in
g
in
ter
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
with
ex
ter
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
m
ay
m
ak
e
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
s
m
o
r
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
T
h
is
s
m
all
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
q
u
ality
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
.
Dev
o
ted
ch
ild
ca
r
es a
r
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
s
ee
E
QA
as a
lear
n
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
an
d
u
tili
ze
its
r
esu
lts
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
ely
.
T
h
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
r
esear
ch
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
p
r
o
m
o
tes
ex
ter
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
-
b
ased
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
es.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
th
at
ad
ap
t
to
q
u
ality
ev
alu
atio
n
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
s
e
th
ese
ass
ess
m
en
ts
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
tly
.
Flex
ib
le
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
o
p
en
to
ex
ter
n
al
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
im
p
lem
en
t
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
.
Ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
p
r
o
m
o
tes
o
n
g
o
in
g
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
T
h
e
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
in
d
icate
s
a
clo
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
’
u
s
e
o
f
d
ata
an
d
th
eir
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
ex
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ev
alu
atio
n
s
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
v
o
lv
em
en
t
in
th
e
E
QA
p
r
o
ce
s
s
h
elp
s
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
an
d
ex
ec
u
te
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
id
ea
th
at
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
d
ee
p
en
s
in
s
ig
h
ts
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
es
ex
ter
n
al
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
1
]
.
Pro
b
lem
lev
el
an
d
q
u
ality
ev
alu
atio
n
u
tili
za
tio
n
ex
h
ib
it
a
n
eg
ativ
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
s
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
in
d
icate
s
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
E
QA
r
esu
lts
as
p
r
o
b
lem
s
escalate
.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
ter
n
al
is
s
u
es
m
ay
f
in
d
it
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
u
s
e
E
QA
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
is
n
eg
ativ
e
lin
k
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
is
s
u
es
ca
n
h
in
d
er
th
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
s
in
to
ac
tio
n
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
itiativ
es.
Stu
d
ies
also
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
s
ev
er
e
in
ter
n
al
d
y
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
ca
n
h
in
d
er
ex
ter
n
al
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
[
2
2
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
we
f
o
u
n
d
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lin
k
b
etwe
en
attitu
d
es
to
war
d
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
E
QA
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
r
n
eg
ativ
e
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tly
alter
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
o
u
tco
m
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dev
elo
p
men
t e
xtern
a
l q
u
a
lity a
s
s
ess
men
t u
tili
z
a
tio
n
mo
d
el
fo
r
imp
r
o
vin
g
… (
Tr
ee
ko
m
P
r
o
mma
b
o
o
n
)
1357
T
h
is
m
ay
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ar
e
m
o
r
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
ap
p
ly
in
g
E
QA
o
u
tco
m
es.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
E
QA
r
esear
ch
,
attitu
d
es
alo
n
e
m
ay
n
o
t
h
av
e
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
b
eh
av
io
r
.
I
n
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t,
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
en
h
an
ce
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
E
QA
r
esu
lts
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
in
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
ter
n
al
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
an
d
en
g
ag
em
en
t
in
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
h
ig
h
p
r
o
b
lem
lev
els
in
h
ib
it
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
u
s
e,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
m
u
s
t
r
eso
lv
e
in
ter
n
al
is
s
u
es
to
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
ex
ter
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
ts
.
Fin
ally
,
wh
ile
s
ig
n
if
ican
t,
ev
alu
atio
n
attitu
d
es
m
ay
n
o
t
im
m
ed
iately
af
f
ec
t E
QA
r
esu
lts
’
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
.
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
a
s
tep
wis
e
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
aim
ed
at
id
en
tify
in
g
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
esu
lts
.
Ou
t
o
f
f
iv
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
v
ar
iab
les,
th
er
e
ar
e
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
test
ed
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
at
th
e
0
.
0
1
lev
el
f
o
r
all
f
o
u
r
v
ar
iab
les:
i)
ad
ap
tatio
n
to
q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
t
(
X3
)
;
ii)
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
(
X5
)
;
iii)
lev
el
o
f
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
b
lem
s
(
X6
)
;
an
d
iv
)
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
(
X1
)
.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
(
X1
)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
with
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
esu
lts
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
with
r
o
b
u
s
t
in
ter
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
lev
er
ag
e
th
ese
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
at
th
e
0
.
0
1
lev
el
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
ea
ch
o
f
th
ese
v
ar
iab
les
ca
n
lead
to
en
h
an
ce
d
q
u
ality
o
u
tco
m
es
with
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Step
wis
e
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
M
o
d
e
l
R
R
s
q
u
a
r
e
A
d
j
u
st
e
d
R
s
q
u
a
r
e
S
t
d
.
Er
r
o
r
o
f
t
h
e
e
st
i
ma
t
e
F
1
0
.
8
0
4
a
0
.
6
4
6
0
.
6
4
5
0
.
3
4
4
4
2
5
4
3
.
3
5
9
*
*
2
0
.
8
1
9
b
0
.
6
7
0
0
.
6
6
8
0
.
3
3
2
8
9
3
0
1
.
8
2
0
*
*
3
0
.
8
2
6
c
0
.
6
8
2
0
.
6
7
9
0
.
3
2
7
3
5
2
1
1
.
7
9
1
*
*
4
0
.
8
3
0
d
0
.
6
8
9
0
.
6
8
5
0
.
3
2
4
4
2
2
1
1
.
7
9
1
*
*
*
*
p
<
0
.
0
1
T
h
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
to
th
e
q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
t v
ar
iab
le
(
X3
)
ca
n
b
e
p
r
ed
icted
to
b
e
th
e
f
ac
to
r
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
b
est
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
Statis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
at
th
e
0
.
0
1
lev
el
with
a
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
was
0
.
6
4
5
,
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
6
4
.
5
0
%
wh
en
wan
tin
g
to
ad
d
o
n
e
v
ar
iab
le
at
a
tim
e.
W
h
en
ad
d
in
g
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
in
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
(
X5
)
,
th
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t,
o
r
th
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
p
o
wer
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
0
.
6
6
8
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
v
alu
e
wh
en
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
with
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
r
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
p
o
wer
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
s
till
b
e
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
at
0
.
0
1
.
Par
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
r
esu
lted
in
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
6
6
.
8
0
%.
T
h
is
in
cr
ea
s
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
o
n
E
QA
p
r
ac
tices,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
s
u
ch
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
.
Fu
r
th
er
an
aly
s
is
m
ay
r
ev
ea
l a
d
d
itio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
is
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t,
o
f
f
er
in
g
m
o
r
e
d
etails ab
o
u
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
q
u
ality
m
an
ag
em
en
t stra
teg
ies.
W
h
en
ad
d
in
g
th
e
lev
el
o
f
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
b
lem
s
v
ar
iab
le
(
X6
)
,
th
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t,
o
r
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
p
o
wer
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
0
.
6
7
9
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
v
alu
e
wh
en
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
with
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
r
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
p
o
wer
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
s
till
b
e
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
at
th
e
0
.
0
1
.
Facto
r
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
lev
el
o
f
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
6
7
.
9
0
%.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
in
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
attr
ib
u
ted
to
p
r
o
b
lem
s
with
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
ese
is
s
u
es
m
ay
lead
to
im
p
r
o
v
ed
o
u
tco
m
es
in
ex
ter
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
ts
an
d
o
v
er
all
q
u
ality
m
an
ag
em
en
t p
r
ac
tices.
W
h
en
ad
d
in
g
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
v
ar
iab
le
(
X1
)
,
th
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
r
th
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
p
o
wer
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
0
.
6
8
5
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
v
alu
e
wh
en
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
with
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
r
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
p
o
wer
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
s
till
b
e
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
at
th
e
0
.
0
1
.
Facto
r
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
lev
el
o
f
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
u
s
e
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
6
8
.
5
0
%.
An
o
th
er
p
r
ed
icto
r
v
ar
iab
le,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
(
X2
)
,
was
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
.
I
t a
f
f
ec
ts
th
e
u
s
e
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
with
o
u
t statis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
as r
ev
ea
led
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Step
wis
e
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
v
e
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
B
S
t
d
.
Er
r
o
r
B
e
t
a
X3
0
.
6
4
8
0
.
0
4
7
0
.
6
3
4
X5
0
.
1
6
1
0
.
0
4
4
0
.
1
7
2
X6
-
0
.
0
9
2
0
.
0
3
0
-
0
.
0
3
0
X1
0
.
4
1
1
0
.
1
6
3
0
.
0
8
5
a
(
C
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
)
0
.
5
2
4
0
.
2
3
7
R=
0
.
830
;
a
d
j
u
st
e
d
R
s
q
u
a
r
e
=
0
.
6
8
5
;
F
=
2
1
1
.
7
9
1
*
*
R
s
q
u
a
r
e
=
0
.
6
8
9
;
S
t
d
.
Er
r
o
r
s
q
u
a
r
e
=
0
.
3
2
4
4
2
*
*
p
<
0
.
0
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
3
5
3
-
1
3
6
4
1358
T
h
e
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
is
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
ad
ap
tatio
n
to
q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
(
X3
)
,
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
v
ar
iab
le
(
X5
)
,
lev
el
o
f
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
b
lem
s
v
ar
iab
le
(
X6
)
,
an
d
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
v
ar
iab
le
(
X1
)
with
s
tatis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
at
th
e
0
.
0
1
lev
el.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
a
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
r
aw
s
co
r
es.
=
+
(
3
+
5
−
6
+
1
)
=
0
.
524
+
0
.
648
+
0
.
161
−
0
.
092
+
0
.
411
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
=0
.
5
2
4
(
co
n
s
tan
t
v
alu
e)
+0
.
6
4
8
(
ad
ap
tatio
n
to
q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
t)
+0
.
1
6
1
(
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
)
–
0
.
0
9
2
(
lev
el
o
f
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
b
lem
s
)
+0
.
4
1
1
(
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
)
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
o
u
r
asp
ec
ts
:
i)
m
u
ltip
le
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
R
)
=0
.
8
3
0
;
ii)
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
r
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
p
o
wer
(
R
s
q
u
ar
e)
=0
.
6
8
9
;
iii)
s
tan
d
ar
d
er
r
o
r
o
f
th
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
Std
.
E
r
r
o
r
s
q
u
ar
e)
=0
.
3
2
4
4
2
;
an
d
iv
)
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
r
ad
ju
s
ted
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
p
o
wer
(
ad
ju
s
ted
R
s
q
u
ar
e)
=0
.
6
8
5
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
wh
en
all
f
o
u
r
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
en
ter
ed
in
to
th
e
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
.
Ab
le
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
u
s
e
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
was u
s
ab
le
at
6
8
.
5
0
%.
3
.
2
.
M
ultip
le
ca
s
e
s
t
ud
ie
s
a
na
ly
s
i
s
Fro
m
a
m
u
lti
-
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
iv
e
m
o
d
el
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
th
at
h
av
e
g
o
o
d
p
r
ac
tices
in
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Natio
n
al
E
ar
ly
C
h
ild
h
o
o
d
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
C
en
ter
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
an
aly
s
is
ca
n
b
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
as
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
:
−
E
v
er
y
lo
ca
tio
n
h
as
a
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
with
in
th
e
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
f
th
e
Natio
n
al
E
ar
ly
C
h
ild
h
o
o
d
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
C
en
ter
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Su
r
in
Pro
v
in
ce
Or
d
er
No
.
SR
0
0
2
3
/W
4
3
7
6
d
ated
Au
g
u
s
t
3
1
st
,
2
0
2
2
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
g
u
id
elin
es
f
o
r
d
r
iv
in
g
n
atio
n
al
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
u
n
d
er
th
e
lo
ca
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
wh
ich
h
as
b
ee
n
an
n
o
u
n
ce
d
s
in
ce
2
0
1
9
an
d
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
f
o
llo
w
u
p
b
y
th
e
p
ar
en
t
ag
en
cy
at
least
two
tim
es
a
y
ea
r
an
d
co
m
p
lete
all
elem
en
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
ettin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
Pre
p
ar
atio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
lan
s
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
lan
in
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
f
o
llo
win
g
u
p
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
to
d
ev
elo
p
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
a
r
ep
o
r
t
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
an
d
s
u
b
m
it
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
ep
o
r
ts
to
lo
ca
l a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
.
−
L
ev
el
o
f
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
b
lem
s
with
in
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
n
atio
n
al
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
en
ter
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
wh
er
e
ev
er
y
wh
er
e
h
as lo
w
to
lo
west p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
−
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
n
ee
d
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
with
in
th
e
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
n
atio
n
al
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
E
v
er
y
lo
ca
tio
n
h
as
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
n
ee
d
s
co
v
er
in
g
th
e
m
ain
is
s
u
es
lik
e:
i)
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
; ii)
t
ea
ch
er
s
/car
eg
iv
er
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
ca
r
e
an
d
o
r
g
an
ize
lear
n
in
g
an
d
p
lay
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
f
o
r
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
;
an
d
iii)
i
n
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
esp
ec
ially
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
.
an
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
E
QA
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
.
−
Or
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t o
f
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
to
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
en
ter
s
is
at
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
in
ev
er
y
wh
er
e
.
−
Ad
ap
tatio
n
to
E
QA
is
at
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
ev
er
y
wh
er
e.
−
Par
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
is
at
a
h
ig
h
lev
el,
class
if
ied
as
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ain
r
elev
an
t p
er
s
o
n
s
.
an
d
g
r
o
u
p
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
clu
d
e
p
ar
en
ts
,
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
an
d
o
th
er
ex
ter
n
al
ag
en
cies w
h
o
co
m
e
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
lear
n
in
g
an
d
p
lay
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
−
Attitu
d
es to
war
d
s
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
an
d
E
QA
ev
er
y
wh
er
e
ar
e
at
a
h
ig
h
lev
el.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
af
f
ec
t
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
.
T
h
ey
ar
e:
i)
co
n
tex
t
o
f
r
ea
d
in
e
s
s
o
f
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
;
ii)
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
;
iii)
lev
el
o
f
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
f
th
e
Natio
n
al
E
ar
ly
C
h
ild
h
o
o
d
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
C
en
ter
;
iv
)
ad
ap
tatio
n
to
E
QA
;
v
)
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
p
ar
ticip
ati
o
n
in
clu
d
es p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
with
in
th
e
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
en
ter
an
d
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
an
d
p
ar
en
ts
;
v
i)
p
o
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
e
o
f
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
to
war
d
s
E
QA
an
d
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ch
ild
r
en
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
in
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
d
eq
u
itab
le
m
an
n
er
in
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
s
;
v
ii)
ac
ad
em
ic
lead
er
s
h
ip
o
f
lo
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
o
r
g
an
iz
ati
o
n
ex
ec
u
tiv
es
an
d
p
o
ten
tia
l o
f
p
er
s
o
n
n
el;
an
d
v
iii)
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
lo
ca
l g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
S
e
v
e
r
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
i
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
c
h
i
l
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
c
e
n
t
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
a
r
e
c
r
u
c
i
a
l
f
o
r
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
e
a
r
l
y
c
h
i
l
d
h
o
o
d
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
E
a
c
h
a
s
p
e
c
t
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
s
s
u
r
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
h
o
w
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
u
l
l
y
c
h
i
l
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
c
e
n
t
e
r
s
c
a
n
u
s
e
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
c
e
n
t
e
r
’
s
r
e
a
d
i
n
e
s
s
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
s
h
o
w
w
e
l
l
t
o
u
s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dev
elo
p
men
t e
xtern
a
l q
u
a
lity a
s
s
ess
men
t u
tili
z
a
tio
n
mo
d
el
fo
r
imp
r
o
vin
g
… (
Tr
ee
ko
m
P
r
o
mma
b
o
o
n
)
1359
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
i
s
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
c
e
n
t
e
r
i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
,
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
,
s
t
a
f
f
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
tab
ilit
y
.
W
ell
-
eq
u
ip
p
ed
an
d
s
taf
f
ed
ce
n
ter
s
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
im
p
lem
en
t
ex
ter
n
al
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
.
R
esear
ch
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
s
h
o
ws th
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
g
r
ea
tly
im
p
ac
ts
q
u
ality
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t a
ctiv
ities
.
T
h
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
eter
m
in
es
h
o
w
q
u
ick
ly
it
ca
n
in
teg
r
ate
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
d
ata
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
in
teg
r
ate
in
ter
n
al
o
p
er
atio
n
s
with
ex
ter
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
m
ak
in
g
it
ea
s
ier
f
o
r
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
to
tu
r
n
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
co
m
m
en
ts
in
to
ac
tio
n
p
lan
s
.
W
h
en
in
ter
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
p
o
o
r
,
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
s
m
ay
s
h
o
w
wea
k
n
ess
es,
b
u
t th
e
ce
n
ter
m
ay
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
f
ix
th
em
[
2
5
]
.
C
en
ter
s
with
m
an
y
o
r
co
m
p
lex
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
d
if
f
icu
lties
m
ay
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
u
s
e
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
d
ata.
R
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
th
at
in
ter
n
al
is
s
u
es,
s
u
ch
as
a
lack
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
s
taf
f
tr
ain
in
g
,
o
r
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
ca
n
m
ak
e
it
h
ar
d
er
to
im
p
lem
en
t
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
.
B
ef
o
r
e
b
en
ef
itin
g
f
r
o
m
ex
ter
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
en
ter
s
m
u
s
t a
d
d
r
ess
in
ter
n
al
d
ef
icien
cies
[
2
6
]
.
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
to
E
QA
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
Flex
ib
le,
ad
ap
tab
le
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
ad
o
p
t
ex
ter
n
al
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
.
Ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
r
eq
u
ir
es
ch
an
g
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
in
v
o
lv
in
g
teac
h
er
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
r
esear
ch
,
f
ir
m
s
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
to
ex
ter
n
al
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
d
ev
elo
p
an
d
in
n
o
v
ate
m
o
r
e.
E
n
g
ag
in
g
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
en
s
u
r
es
m
u
ltip
le
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
n
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
an
d
b
r
o
ad
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
[
2
7
]
–
[
3
0
]
.
Par
ticip
atio
n
b
y
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
p
r
o
m
o
tes
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
o
wn
er
s
h
ip
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
R
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
th
at
p
ar
en
t
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
en
g
ag
em
en
t
s
u
s
tain
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ce
n
ter
s
.
T
h
e
attitu
d
es
o
f
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
’
s
taf
f
to
war
d
s
E
QA
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Staf
f
ar
e
m
o
r
e
in
clin
ed
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
u
s
e
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
ely
if
th
ey
r
eg
ar
d
it
as
a
lear
n
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
.
An
y
f
ir
m
s
ee
k
in
g
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
r
esu
lts
n
ee
d
s
a
cu
ltu
r
e
o
f
co
n
tin
u
al
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t,
wh
ich
p
o
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
es
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate.
T
h
e
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
d
eq
u
itab
le
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
m
etr
o
p
o
litan
s
ettin
g
s
af
f
ec
ts
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
s
’
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
I
n
m
etr
o
p
o
litan
r
eg
io
n
s
,
wh
er
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
ar
e
g
lar
in
g
,
eq
u
ity
-
f
o
cu
s
ed
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
s
ad
d
r
ess
g
ap
s
an
d
in
ju
s
tices.
T
h
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
in
clu
s
iv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
s
o
cial
ju
s
tice
in
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
licy
.
Aca
d
em
ic
lead
er
s
h
ip
an
d
s
taf
f
co
m
p
eten
cy
ar
e
also
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
lo
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
ex
ec
u
tiv
es.
E
x
p
er
ts
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ter
s
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
licy
ca
n
h
elp
ad
o
p
t
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
o
u
tco
m
es.
Staf
f
p
o
ten
tial,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
,
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
tr
ain
in
g
,
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
aliza
tio
n
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
L
o
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
u
s
e
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
d
ata
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
al
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
[
3
1
]
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
m
ay
n
eg
lect
o
r
n
ev
er
u
s
e
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
L
o
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
cr
u
cial
to
th
e
d
u
r
ab
ilit
y
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ad
v
an
ce
s
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
r
esear
ch
.
C
o
m
p
lex
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
,
in
ter
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t,
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
an
d
attitu
d
es
in
f
lu
en
ce
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
’
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
o
u
tco
m
es
[
3
2
]
.
T
o
p
r
o
p
er
ly
u
tili
ze
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
d
ata,
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
m
u
s
t
ad
d
r
ess
in
ter
n
al
d
if
f
icu
lties
,
en
g
ag
e
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
an
d
co
m
m
it
to
f
air
g
r
o
wth
.
L
o
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
lead
er
s
h
ip
an
d
ex
ce
llen
t
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
h
elp
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
s
s
u
cc
ee
d
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
3
3
]
.
3
.
3
.
Dev
elo
pm
ent
ex
t
er
na
l qua
lit
y
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
utiliza
t
io
n m
o
del
Fro
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
d
a
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
u
s
ed
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
to
s
y
n
th
esize
(
d
r
af
t)
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
u
s
in
g
E
QA
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
in
ten
d
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
an
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
en
ter
s
in
Su
r
in
Pro
v
in
ce
.
3
.
3
.
1
.
Dev
elo
pm
ent
ex
t
er
na
l qua
lity
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
utiliza
t
io
n m
o
del
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
:
a.
Prin
cip
les o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
.
b.
Ob
jectiv
es
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
wer
e
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
g
u
id
elin
es
f
o
r
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
to
u
s
e
th
e
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
o
f
th
e
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
in
Su
r
in
Pro
v
in
ce
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
I
t p
r
o
v
id
es
g
u
id
an
ce
to
ag
en
cies
in
s
u
p
er
v
is
in
g
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
an
d
ev
alu
atin
g
r
esu
lts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
to
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
en
ter
s
in
u
s
in
g
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
en
ter
s
.
c.
Me
ch
an
is
m
s
f
o
r
in
v
o
lv
ed
p
er
s
o
n
s
in
th
e
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
m
o
d
el
.
d.
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
m
o
d
el
:
i)
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
1
u
s
es
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
;
ii)
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
2
u
s
es
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ca
r
e
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
lear
n
in
g
an
d
p
lay
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
;
an
d
iii)
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
3
u
s
es
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
to
d
ev
elo
p
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
q
u
ality
o
u
tco
m
es.
e.
Ma
n
ag
in
g
th
e
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
m
o
d
el:
I
n
p
u
t
f
ac
to
r
s
in
clu
d
e
:
i
)
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
with
in
th
e
ch
ild
ca
r
e
ce
n
ter
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Natio
n
al
E
ar
ly
C
h
ild
h
o
o
d
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
C
en
ter
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
;
ii
)
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
s
et
b
y
th
e
Of
f
ice
f
o
r
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
Stan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
Qu
ality
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
3
5
3
-
1
3
6
4
1360
Ass
ess
m
en
t
;
iii
)
r
ep
o
r
t
o
n
E
QA
r
esu
lts
;
an
d
iv
)
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
E
QA
r
esu
lts
in
clu
d
e:
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
n
tex
t
an
d
r
ea
d
in
ess
o
f
th
e
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
,
ad
ap
tatio
n
to
q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
t
,
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
,
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
an
d
b
e
awa
r
e
o
f
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
,
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
p
o
ten
tial
,
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
t
,
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
an
d
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
ag
en
cy
.
T
h
e
d
etails ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
ea
r
ly
c
h
ild
h
o
o
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
en
ter
s
Pro
ce
s
s
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
tep
1
wh
ich
is
c
r
ea
tin
g
awa
r
en
ess
;
s
tep
2
is
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
b
ef
o
r
e
u
s
in
g
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
;
s
tep
3
is
u
s
in
g
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
s
tep
s
;
s
tep
4
is
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
;
s
tep
5
is
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
t
;
an
d
s
tep
6
is
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
ep
o
r
t.
Ou
tp
u
t
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
f
th
e
Natio
n
al
E
ar
ly
C
h
ild
h
o
o
d
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
C
en
ter
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
o
u
ts
id
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
e
a
s
p
ec
t
1
wh
ich
is
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
, a
s
p
ec
t 2
on
t
ea
ch
er
s
/car
eg
iv
er
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
ca
r
e
an
d
o
r
g
an
ize
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
p
lay
f
o
r
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
th
e
th
ir
d
asp
ec
t
is
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ch
ild
r
en
;
f
r
o
m
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
E
QA.
Feed
b
ac
k
d
ata
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
th
e
in
ter
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
in
ea
ch
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
,
alo
n
g
with
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
E
QA
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
Key
s
u
cc
ess
r
ef
er
s
to
th
in
g
s
th
at
u
s
e
a
m
o
d
el
th
at
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
o
r
s
h
o
u
ld
h
av
e
in
o
r
d
er
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
m
o
d
el
to
b
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l.
Facto
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
E
QA
r
esu
lts
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
an
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
en
ter
s
.
T
o
o
ls
u
s
ed
in
th
e
o
f
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
is
ts
:
i)
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
an
aly
s
is
E
QA
f
o
r
m
;
ii)
p
r
o
ject
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
ass
ess
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
;
iii)
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
v
er
if
icatio
n
f
o
r
m
;
iv
)
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
a
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
lan
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
im
p
r
o
v
ed
an
d
r
ev
is
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
E
QA
f
o
r
m
;
v
)
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izin
g
th
e
an
n
u
al
ac
tio
n
p
lan
u
n
d
er
th
e
r
ev
is
ed
an
d
r
ev
is
ed
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
lan
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
;
v
i)
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
th
e
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
f
o
r
m
;
v
ii)
r
ep
o
r
t
o
n
th
e
E
QA
u
tili
za
tio
n
f
o
r
m
;
v
iii)
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
in
g
r
esu
lts
o
f
q
u
ality
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
f
th
e
Natio
n
al
E
ar
ly
C
h
ild
h
o
o
d
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
C
en
ter
;
ix
)
r
ep
o
r
t
f
o
r
m
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
esu
lts
b
y
p
r
o
ject/ac
tiv
ity
; a
n
d
x
)
(
d
r
af
t)
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t r
ep
o
r
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dev
elo
p
men
t e
xtern
a
l q
u
a
lity a
s
s
ess
men
t u
tili
z
a
tio
n
mo
d
el
fo
r
imp
r
o
vin
g
… (
Tr
ee
ko
m
P
r
o
mma
b
o
o
n
)
1361
3
.
3
.
2
.
Resul
t
s
o
f
t
he
ev
a
lua
t
io
n o
f
ex
t
er
na
l qua
lity
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
utiliza
t
io
n m
o
del
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
ca
m
e
f
r
o
m
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
ex
p
er
ts
an
d
k
ey
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
in
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
with
in
th
e
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
,
to
talin
g
3
0
p
eo
p
le.
I
t
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
f
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
f
p
r
o
p
r
iety
wer
e
at
th
e
h
ig
h
est
lev
el.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
th
e
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
,
wh
ich
is
an
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
,
to
talin
g
f
iv
e
lo
ca
tio
n
s
,
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
f
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
f
u
tili
ty
wer
e
at
th
e
h
ig
h
est lev
el.
T
h
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t o
f
th
e
ML
Q
4
U
-
I
QA
Mo
d
el
in
v
o
lv
es in
p
u
t f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
with
in
ch
ild
ca
r
e
ce
n
ter
s
,
b
o
th
n
atio
n
al
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
E
QA
r
esu
lts
,
an
d
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
ese
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
is
r
ef
lects
a
h
o
lis
tic
an
d
co
n
tex
tu
alize
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
in
g
th
e
d
iv
er
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
.
Fin
ally
,
it is
cr
u
cial
to
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
e
f
in
an
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
Of
f
ice
f
o
r
Natio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Stan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
Qu
ality
Ass
ess
m
en
t
(
ONE
SQA)
,
T
h
ailan
d
,
in
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
Su
ch
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
n
o
t
o
n
ly
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
b
u
t
also
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
b
etwe
en
ac
ad
em
ia
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
b
o
d
ies
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
with
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
ex
p
er
ts
,
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
an
d
th
e
tr
ial
g
r
o
u
p
af
f
ir
m
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
p
r
ac
ticality
o
f
th
e
ML
Q
4
U
-
I
QA
Mo
d
el.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
h
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
an
ce
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
g
o
als
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
q
u
ality
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
lo
ca
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
h
av
e
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
T
h
ey
s
et
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
cr
ea
te
an
d
im
p
lem
en
t
s
tr
ateg
ies,
co
n
d
u
ct
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
r
ev
iews,
an
d
s
elf
-
ass
ess
.
Op
er
atio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
tr
ain
in
g
,
an
d
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
E
QA
in
to
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
r
em
ain
ch
allen
g
in
g
d
esp
ite
r
ec
en
t
ad
v
an
ce
s
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
in
ter
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
m
atch
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
s
b
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
r
esu
lts
.
C
h
ild
ce
n
ter
s
th
at
ad
ap
t
to
ex
ter
n
al
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
ac
tiv
ely
en
g
ag
e
in
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
p
er
f
o
r
m
b
etter
.
R
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
an
d
s
taf
f
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
ev
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
f
r
o
m
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
u
tili
zin
g
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
.
W
e
m
u
s
t
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
in
ter
n
al
co
n
ce
r
n
s
to
ad
o
p
t
ex
ter
n
al
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
.
E
d
u
ca
to
r
s
n
ee
d
o
n
g
o
in
g
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
ca
r
e
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Stak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
ar
en
ts
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
jects
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
.
Po
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
es
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
war
d
q
u
ality
ev
alu
atio
n
s
af
f
ec
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
b
u
t
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
an
d
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
ar
e
m
o
r
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
u
tili
zin
g
ex
ter
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e,
d
y
n
am
ic
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
co
n
tin
u
in
g
ev
alu
atio
n
,
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
ese
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
f
in
an
cially
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
Of
f
ice
f
o
r
Natio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Stan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
Qu
ality
Ass
ess
m
en
t
(
Pu
b
lic
Or
g
an
izatio
n
)
(
ONE
SQA
)
,
T
h
ailan
d
.
Als
o
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ject
is
f
in
an
cially
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
Ma
h
asar
ak
h
am
Un
iv
er
s
ity
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
T
r
ee
k
o
m
Pr
o
m
m
ab
o
o
n
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Sirilu
ck
B
o
o
n
g
th
o
n
g
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Kr
it Pin
th
o
n
g
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Piy
ap
o
r
n
Seesu
n
✓
✓
✓
Pra
s
ar
t N
u
an
g
ch
aler
m
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
3
5
3
-
1
3
6
4
1362
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
co
n
f
lict o
f
in
ter
est.
E
T
H
I
CAL AP
P
RO
V
AL
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
o
b
tain
ed
h
u
m
an
r
esear
ch
eth
ics
ce
r
tific
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
Hu
m
an
R
esear
ch
E
th
ics
C
o
m
m
ittee
at
Su
r
in
R
ajab
h
at
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
with
th
e
p
r
o
ject
co
d
e
HE
6
6
2
0
0
2
.
Ap
p
r
o
v
al
was
g
r
an
ted
d
u
r
in
g
m
ee
tin
g
n
o
.
3
/2
0
2
3
o
n
J
u
n
e
8
th
,
2023
.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
Data
av
ailab
ilit
y
is
n
o
t
ap
p
licab
le
to
th
is
p
ap
er
as
n
o
n
ew
d
ata
wer
e
cr
ea
ted
o
r
an
aly
ze
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
L
o
c
a
l
A
d
m
i
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
P
r
o
m
o
t
i
o
n
,
“
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
L
o
c
a
l
A
d
mi
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
l
e
t
t
e
r
,
m
o
st
u
r
g
e
n
t
,
a
t
M
U
T
.
0
8
1
6
.
4
/
W
2
2
3
6
,
d
a
t
e
d
O
c
t
o
b
e
r
2
0
,
2
0
1
7
,
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
l
i
st
o
f
p
r
o
v
i
n
c
e
s
w
i
t
h
c
h
i
l
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
c
e
n
t
e
r
s
i
n
t
h
e
a
r
e
a
r
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
su
l
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
ss
e
ssm
e
n
t
b
y
t
h
e
O
f
f
i
c
e
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
a
n
d
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
A
ss
e
ssm
e
n
t
(
P
u
b
l
i
c
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
)
a
t
t
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
r
e
q
u
i
r
i
n
g
u
r
g
e
n
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
f
i
s
c
a
l
y
e
a
r
2
0
1
4
-
2
0
1
5
,
”
B
a
n
g
k
o
k
,
2
0
1
8
.
[
2
]
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
L
o
c
a
l
A
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
“
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
Lo
c
a
l
A
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
l
e
t
t
e
r
n
o
.
M
T
0
8
1
6
.
4
/
W
8
0
6
d
a
t
e
d
M
a
r
c
h
1
,
2
0
1
9
,
su
b
j
e
c
t
:
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Ea
r
l
y
C
h
i
l
d
h
o
o
d
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
C
e
n
t
e
r
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
,
”
B
a
n
g
k
o
k
:
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
L
o
c
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
me
n
t
P
r
o
mo
t
i
o
n
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
3
]
S
u
r
i
n
P
r
o
v
i
n
c
e
Lo
c
a
l
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
P
r
o
mo
t
i
o
n
O
f
f
i
c
e
,
“
D
a
t
a
o
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
y
o
u
n
g
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
i
n
c
h
i
l
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
c
e
n
t
e
r
s
u
n
d
e
r
l
o
c
a
l
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
v
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
S
u
r
i
n
,
2
0
2
3
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
e
c
d
i
s.
d
c
y
.
g
o
.
t
h
/
[
4
]
C
.
A
.
Es
c
o
b
a
r
,
M
.
E.
M
c
G
o
v
e
r
n
,
a
n
d
R
.
M
o
r
a
l
e
s
-
M
e
n
e
n
d
e
z
,
“
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
4
.
0
:
a
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
b
i
g
d
a
t
a
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
n
man
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
ri
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
3
2
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
2
3
1
9
–
2
3
3
4
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s1
0
8
4
5
-
0
2
1
-
0
1
7
6
5
-
4.
[
5
]
S
.
L.
C
h
e
w
a
n
d
W
.
J
.
C
e
r
b
i
n
,
“
T
h
e
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
,
”
T
h
e
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
–
4
0
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
0
0
2
2
0
4
8
5
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
8
4
5
2
6
6
.
[
6
]
P
.
C
h
a
r
o
e
n
b
u
t
a
n
d
D
.
S
u
d
a
t
i
p
,
“
E
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
f
o
o
d
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
n
u
t
r
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
e
a
r
l
y
c
h
i
l
d
h
o
o
d
:
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
a
n
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
t
h
e
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
k
i
t
c
h
e
n
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
Th
a
i
c
h
i
l
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
c
e
n
t
e
r
s,
”
N
u
rsi
n
g
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
h
e
Mi
n
i
s
t
ry
o
f
Pu
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
6
5
–
1
7
9
,
2
0
2
5
.
[
7
]
P
.
N
u
a
n
g
c
h
a
l
e
r
m,
R
.
A
.
Z.
E.
I
sl
a
m
i
,
a
n
d
P
.
P
r
a
sert
s
a
n
g
,
“
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
o
n
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
a
l
c
o
n
serv
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
T
h
a
i
a
n
d
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
n
n
o
v
i
c
e
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s,”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
T
EM
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
4
8
–
1
5
5
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
5
3
8
8
9
/
i
j
se
s.
v
2
i
2
.
6
2
.
[
8
]
W
.
N
a
w
a
n
i
d
b
u
mr
u
n
g
,
P
.
L.
P
r
o
mr
a
t
a
n
a
,
P
.
C
h
a
n
t
h
a
r
a
u
k
r
i
t
,
a
n
d
N
.
I
n
o
u
e
,
“
U
n
p
a
c
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
mi
n
g
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s’
b
e
l
i
e
f
s
t
o
w
a
r
d
i
n
q
u
i
r
y
-
o
r
i
e
n
t
e
d
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
l
e
s
so
n
st
u
d
y
:
a
c
r
o
ss
-
c
a
se
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
T
h
a
i
p
r
e
ser
v
i
c
e
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
8
4
–
2
0
2
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
5
5
3
9
/
j
e
l
.
v
1
3
n
6
p
1
8
4
.
[
9
]
N
.
R
a
h
mi
n
a
w
a
t
i
a
n
d
T.
S
u
p
r
i
y
a
d
i
,
“
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
i
n
g
a
n
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
ssu
r
a
n
c
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
sch
o
o
l
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
T
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
1
4
–
4
3
3
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
6
8
0
3
/
i
j
l
t
e
r
.
2
2
.
4
.
2
3
.
[
1
0
]
S
.
N
a
k
so
r
n
,
S
.
K
o
sa
n
p
i
p
a
t
,
P
.
S
u
w
a
t
t
h
e
e
,
a
n
d
T.
B
o
o
n
c
h
a
i
,
“
Th
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
s
u
p
e
r
v
i
si
o
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
a
r
l
y
c
h
i
l
d
h
o
o
d
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
sc
h
o
o
l
s
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
O
f
f
i
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
B
a
s
i
c
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
mm
i
s
si
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
d
i
sci
p
l
i
n
a
r
y
R
e
se
a
rc
h
Re
v
i
e
w
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
1
–
4
0
,
2
0
2
4
.
[
1
1
]
P
.
V
a
r
m
u
z
a
,
M
.
P
e
r
l
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
O
.
F
a
l
e
n
c
h
u
k
,
“
H
o
w
st
a
b
l
e
i
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
i
n
c
h
i
l
d
c
a
r
e
c
e
n
t
r
e
c
l
a
ssr
o
o
ms
?
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
C
a
re
a
n
d
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
Po
l
i
c
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
2
8
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s
4
0
7
2
3
-
021
-
0
0
0
9
1
-
9.
[
1
2
]
Z.
S
u
l
a
i
m
a
n
a
n
d
Y
.
H
u
ssa
i
n
,
“
P
a
r
e
n
t
s’
sat
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
t
h
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
o
f
c
h
i
l
d
c
a
r
e
c
e
n
t
r
e
s,”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
t
re
p
re
n
e
u
rs
h
i
p
,
B
u
si
n
e
s
s a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
4
–
6
0
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
5
9
0
2
1
/
i
j
e
b
t
.
v
1
i
2
.
6
8
.
[
1
3
]
J.
M
.
G
o
r
e
,
“
Th
e
q
u
e
st
f
o
r
b
e
t
t
e
r
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
,
”
O
x
f
o
rd
Re
v
i
e
w
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
4
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
5
–
6
0
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
0
3
0
5
4
9
8
5
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
8
4
2
1
8
2
.
[
1
4
]
S
.
L
.
W
o
u
l
f
i
n
,
I
.
S
t
e
v
e
n
s
o
n
,
a
n
d
K
.
L
o
r
d
,
Ma
k
i
n
g
c
o
a
c
h
i
n
g
m
a
t
t
e
r:
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
.
N
e
w
Y
o
r
k
:
Te
a
c
h
e
r
s C
o
l
l
e
g
e
P
r
e
ss,
2
0
2
3
.
[
1
5
]
S
.
M
.
G
a
r
r
i
t
y
,
S
.
L.
L
o
n
g
st
r
e
t
h
,
V
.
L
a
z
a
r
e
v
i
c
,
a
n
d
F
.
B
l
a
c
k
,
“
E
x
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
s
o
f
c
a
r
e
i
n
f
a
mi
l
y
c
h
i
l
d
c
a
r
e
a
n
d
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
r
a
t
i
n
g
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
sy
s
t
e
m
s,”
C
h
i
l
d
re
n
a
n
d
Y
o
u
t
h
S
e
rvi
c
e
s
R
e
v
i
e
w
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
2
,
p
.
1
0
5
9
2
7
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
c
h
i
l
d
y
o
u
t
h
.
2
0
2
1
.
1
0
5
9
2
7
.
[
1
6
]
M
.
B
e
n
d
i
n
i
a
n
d
A
.
D
e
v
e
r
c
e
l
l
i
,
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
e
a
rl
y
l
e
a
rn
i
n
g
:
n
u
rt
u
ri
n
g
c
h
i
l
d
re
n
’
s
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
.
W
a
sh
i
n
g
t
o
n
,
D
C
:
T
h
e
W
o
r
l
d
B
a
n
k
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
5
9
6
/
9
7
8
-
1
-
4
6
4
8
-
1
7
9
5
-
3.
[
1
7
]
N
.
E.
K
e
l
t
y
a
n
d
T.
W
a
k
a
b
a
y
a
s
h
i
,
“
F
a
mi
l
y
e
n
g
a
g
e
me
n
t
i
n
sc
h
o
o
l
s:
p
a
r
e
n
t
,
e
d
u
c
a
t
o
r
,
a
n
d
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
y
p
e
r
sp
e
c
t
i
v
e
s,”
S
AG
E
O
p
e
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
3
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
2
1
5
8
2
4
4
0
2
0
9
7
3
0
2
4
.
[
1
8
]
F
.
L
a
u
e
r
ma
n
n
a
n
d
I
.
T.
H
a
g
e
n
,
“
D
o
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s’
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
se
l
f
-
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
a
f
f
e
c
t
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s’
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
o
u
t
c
o
mes
?
A
c
l
o
ser
l
o
o
k
a
t
st
u
d
e
n
t
-
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
c
l
a
ssr
o
o
m
p
r
o
c
e
sses
a
n
d
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
s,
”
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Ps
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
st
,
v
o
l
.
5
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
6
5
–
2
8
2
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
0
0
4
6
1
5
2
0
.
2
0
2
1
.
1
9
9
1
3
5
5
.
[
1
9
]
R
.
A
t
a
s
o
y
,
“
Th
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
s
c
h
o
o
l
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
a
l
s’
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
st
y
l
e
s,
s
c
h
o
o
l
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
h
a
n
g
e
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Pr
o
g
ress
i
v
e
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
5
6
–
2
7
4
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
9
3
2
9
/
i
j
p
e
.
2
0
2
0
.
2
7
7
.
1
6
.
[
2
0
]
T.
W
a
n
g
,
D
.
F
.
O
l
i
v
i
e
r
,
a
n
d
P
.
C
h
e
n
,
“
C
r
e
a
t
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
a
d
i
n
e
ss
f
o
r
c
h
a
n
g
e
:
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
y
st
e
m
r
e
a
d
i
n
e
ss
f
o
r
c
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
s
c
h
o
o
l
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
L
e
a
d
e
rs
h
i
p
i
n
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
7
–
1
0
6
1
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
1
3
6
0
3
1
2
4
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
8
1
8
1
3
1
.
[
2
1
]
D
.
A
n
d
e
r
so
n
-
B
u
t
c
h
e
r
,
S
.
B
a
t
e
s,
H
.
A
.
La
w
so
n
,
T
.
M
.
C
h
i
l
d
s,
a
n
d
A
.
L
.
I
a
c
h
i
n
i
,
“
T
h
e
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
y
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
mo
d
e
l
f
o
r
sch
o
o
l
i
mp
r
o
v
e
me
n
t
:
a
s
c
o
p
i
n
g
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
.
9
1
8
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
e
d
u
c
s
c
i
1
2
1
2
0
9
1
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.