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K
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:
Def
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I
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s
in
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I
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d
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to
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Op
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C
V
Patter
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itio
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Qu
ality
in
s
p
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T
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s
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n
o
p
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n
a
c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
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SA
li
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se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
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ing
A
uth
o
r
:
R
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d
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Yau
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Facu
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in
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Un
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s
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T
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Per
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c2
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8
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tp
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p
e
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
m
ain
ten
an
ce
,
r
elate
d
t
o
ea
r
ly
f
au
lt
d
e
tectio
n
,
in
v
o
lv
es
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
to
i
d
en
tify
p
r
o
b
lem
s
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
y
b
ec
o
m
e
co
s
tly
f
ailu
r
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
is
u
al
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
s
,
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
p
r
ev
en
tiv
e
m
a
in
ten
an
ce
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
en
ab
les
m
ain
ten
an
ce
p
lan
n
in
g
[
1
]
,
r
ed
u
ce
s
d
o
wn
tim
e,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
es
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
in
ter
r
u
p
ti
o
n
s
in
th
e
ce
r
am
ic
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
u
e
to
d
ef
ec
ts
,
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
u
s
u
ally
d
o
n
o
t
d
etec
t
t
h
ese
b
ec
au
s
e
a
m
an
u
al
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
is
u
s
ed
,
wh
ic
h
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
o
p
er
at
o
r
'
s
v
is
io
n
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
d
ef
ec
tiv
e
p
iece
s
g
o
u
n
n
o
ticed
an
d
co
n
tin
u
e
in
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
4
]
,
wh
ich
ca
u
s
es
d
elay
s
in
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
g
o
als
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
p
er
s
is
ten
ce
o
f
th
ese
d
ef
ec
tiv
e
p
ar
ts
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
g
en
er
a
tes
ad
d
itio
n
al
lo
s
s
es,
a
s
th
ey
ac
cu
m
u
late
v
alu
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
wh
en
th
ey
a
r
e
id
e
n
tifie
d
as
d
ef
ec
tiv
e
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
ey
ar
e
r
ejec
ted
,
g
en
er
atin
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
s
s
es f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
an
y
an
d
d
elay
s
in
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
cti
o
n
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
b
atc
h
es
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iew
ed
r
es
ea
r
c
h
w
o
r
k
s
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
t
h
e
a
p
p
li
ca
ti
o
n
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
b
ase
d
o
n
a
r
t
if
ici
al
v
is
io
n
a
n
d
its
p
o
te
n
ti
al
t
o
d
et
ec
t
,
cl
ass
i
f
y
,
t
r
ac
k
o
r
d
is
ca
r
d
o
b
j
ec
ts
i
n
i
n
d
u
s
tr
i
al
p
r
o
c
ess
es
t
h
at
u
s
e
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
b
el
ts
,
a
ll
o
wi
n
g
co
m
p
u
te
r
s
t
o
i
n
te
r
p
r
et
t
h
e
p
ar
am
e
te
r
s
th
at
c
h
a
r
a
cte
r
i
ze
t
h
ei
r
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
i
n
a
r
ea
s
w
h
e
r
e
d
is
c
a
r
d
in
g
is
d
o
n
e
m
a
n
u
all
y
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
i
t
is
als
o
m
en
ti
o
n
ed
t
h
a
t
n
o
t
d
ete
cti
n
g
d
e
f
e
cti
v
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
s
h
as
a
s
i
g
n
if
ic
an
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
ce
r
a
m
i
c
in
d
u
s
t
r
y
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
i
t
n
e
ce
s
s
ar
y
t
o
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e
v
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im
a
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p
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c
ess
i
n
g
t
ec
h
n
i
q
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es,
i
d
e
n
ti
f
y
i
n
g
s
e
v
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al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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tif
I
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tell
I
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N:
2252
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8
9
3
8
R
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a
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tifi
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Op
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1167
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k
s
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
co
n
t
e
x
t o
f
ar
t
if
ici
al
v
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ch
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q
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t
h
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at
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r
ev
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d
ic
ates
t
h
at
t
h
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e
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r
ai
n
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n
g
an
d
v
ali
d
at
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
class
i
f
i
er
s
[
1
3
]
f
o
r
i
m
ag
e
d
ete
cti
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
s
er
v
i
ce
s
s
u
c
h
as
c
u
s
t
o
m
v
is
i
o
n
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
w
h
ic
h
is
ap
p
lie
d
i
n
th
e
id
e
n
t
if
ica
ti
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m
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an
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ta
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je
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.
On
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h
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s
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f
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[
1
5
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[
1
6
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,
in
s
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2
D
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[
1
7
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Oth
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e
s
o
f
h
u
m
an
f
ac
es
f
o
r
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
ch
as
Op
en
C
V
in
Py
th
o
n
ar
e
also
i
n
teg
r
ated
f
o
r
f
ac
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
in
s
p
o
r
ts
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
o
th
e
r
wo
r
k
s
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
s
o
f
twar
e
to
o
l
with
ar
tific
ial
v
i
s
io
n
an
d
o
b
ject
r
ec
o
g
n
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m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
ap
p
ly
in
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n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
tr
ain
in
g
[
2
2
]
.
An
o
th
er
r
elev
a
n
t
asp
ec
t
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
is
th
e
a
p
p
l
icatio
n
s
o
f
ar
tific
ial
v
is
io
n
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
ab
n
o
r
m
al
p
o
s
tu
r
es
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
ey
also
allo
w
to
d
etec
t
s
k
in
alter
atio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
m
elan
o
m
a
th
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g
h
im
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g
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an
aly
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s
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with
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tio
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al
n
eu
r
al
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etwo
r
k
s
[
2
5
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
ar
tific
ial
v
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io
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tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
allo
w
to
id
en
tify
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al
s
p
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ies
s
u
ch
as
ca
ttle
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
I
n
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
,
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
v
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in
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icate
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th
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to
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p
tech
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lo
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th
r
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g
h
a
r
tific
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v
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tif
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io
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s
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o
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al
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s
p
atter
n
elem
en
ts
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d
it c
an
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
v
ar
io
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s
in
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u
s
tr
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s
ec
to
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s
to
au
to
m
ate
m
a
n
u
al
task
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
n
ee
d
a
r
is
es
to
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ed
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ce
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
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s
in
th
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ce
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am
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tile
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an
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f
ac
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p
r
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c
ess
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u
e
to
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ef
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ts
,
r
aisi
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g
th
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f
o
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esti
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:
h
o
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to
im
p
lem
en
t
an
id
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n
tific
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s
y
s
tem
to
d
is
ca
r
d
ce
r
am
ic
tiles
with
d
ef
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ts
u
s
in
g
ar
tific
ial
v
is
io
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?
T
o
a
n
s
wer
th
is
q
u
esti
o
n
,
th
e
m
ain
o
b
je
ctiv
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to
d
esig
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co
m
p
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ter
v
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r
ec
o
g
n
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s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
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th
o
n
an
d
O
p
en
C
V
to
elim
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e
f
ec
tiv
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ce
r
am
ics
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
lin
e.
T
o
d
o
s
o
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
eter
m
in
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,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
h
ar
d
war
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
,
an
d
th
e
r
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o
g
n
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n
alg
o
r
ith
m
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ject'
s
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
,
f
r
o
m
a
r
esear
ch
p
er
s
p
e
ctiv
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it
d
escr
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es
th
e
im
p
lem
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tatio
n
o
f
a
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
ap
p
ly
in
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o
m
p
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ter
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ased
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
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t
d
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ce
r
am
i
cs
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
f
in
al
p
r
o
d
u
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s
tag
e.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
i
m
p
r
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v
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n
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
q
u
ality
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
tim
es,
wh
ich
im
p
ac
ts
ce
r
am
ic
p
r
o
d
u
c
tio
n
an
d
g
r
ea
ter
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ef
f
ici
en
cy
.
O
p
er
ato
r
s
will
also
b
e
n
e
f
it,
as
th
ey
will
u
s
e
a
ce
r
am
ic
r
ec
o
g
n
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n
a
n
d
d
is
c
ar
d
s
y
s
tem
th
at
will su
p
p
o
r
t th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
SYS
T
E
M
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
a
s
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s
tem
to
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e
f
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tiv
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tiles
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p
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p
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s
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d
,
u
s
in
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m
er
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Ar
d
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in
o
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to
s
en
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s
ig
n
als,
ca
p
tu
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e
im
ag
es,
a
n
d
ac
tiv
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o
u
tp
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ts
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Def
ec
tio
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is
b
ased
o
n
co
m
p
ar
in
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th
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p
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r
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im
a
g
es
with
a
s
tan
d
ar
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im
ag
e,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
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is
th
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ar
tific
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v
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p
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b
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im
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in
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wh
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I
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th
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ex
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th
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elec
tr
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co
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tr
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tag
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wh
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is
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f
o
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tr
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llin
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th
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t
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d
s
t
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n
v
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o
r
b
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an
d
th
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d
is
ca
r
d
ac
tu
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r
.
Fin
ally
,
it
is
n
ec
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ar
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to
in
teg
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m
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a
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wh
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co
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f
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ca
m
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t,
a
n
d
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tr
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co
m
p
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en
ts
.
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
a
rc
hite
ct
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T
h
e
s
y
s
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ar
ch
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in
teg
r
ates
im
ag
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p
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s
s
in
g
to
o
ls
u
s
in
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th
e
Py
th
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lan
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u
ag
e.
C
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s
id
er
in
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th
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r
eq
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ir
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m
en
ts
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
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v
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co
m
p
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n
e
n
ts
[
2
8
]
,
th
e
web
ca
m
(
with
f
u
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HD
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co
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tr
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elec
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d
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s
tr
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.
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elem
en
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u
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u
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2
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2
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2
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Art
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Ma
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Fig
u
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T
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a
d
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u
r
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1
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Diag
r
a
m
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f
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ac
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in
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v
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n
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tem
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ar
c
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itectu
r
e
o
f
th
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c
o
m
p
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ter
v
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u
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3
.
Ma
ch
i
n
e
v
is
io
n
d
esig
n
d
iag
r
am
2
.
3
.
Co
ntr
o
l e
lect
ro
nics
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
o
l
elem
en
t
is
t
h
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
Un
o
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
b
o
ar
d
,
wh
ich
u
s
es
a
5
V
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
to
ac
tiv
ate
th
e
d
is
ca
r
d
m
o
to
r
an
d
p
o
wer
th
e
ce
r
a
m
ic
p
iece
s
en
s
o
r
.
I
t
also
c
o
n
tr
o
ls
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
e
s
elec
to
r
,
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
to
wo
r
k
with
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
'
s
in
ter
n
al
r
esis
tan
ce
.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
m
an
ag
es
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
a
g
r
ee
n
L
E
D
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
m
o
d
e
an
d
an
L
E
D
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
a
d
ef
ec
tiv
e
p
iece
(
Fig
u
r
e
4
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
R
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
s
ystem
b
a
s
ed
o
n
a
r
tifi
cia
l v
is
io
n
u
s
in
g
Op
en
C
V
fo
r
d
is
ca
r
d
in
g
a
n
d
…
(
F
ern
a
n
d
o
A
lva
r
a
d
o
)
1169
T
h
e
d
iag
r
am
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
ir
m
war
e
f
lo
wc
h
ar
t
f
o
r
Ar
d
u
in
o
,
wh
er
e
wh
e
n
a
p
ar
t
is
d
etec
ted
,
th
e
co
n
v
ey
o
r
b
elt
is
s
to
p
p
ed
a
n
d
an
im
ag
e
is
ca
p
tu
r
ed
,
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
:
if
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
in
ca
lib
r
atio
n
m
o
d
e
,
th
e
im
ag
e
o
f
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
ar
t
is
ca
p
tu
r
e
d
;
if
it
is
in
au
to
-
d
etec
tio
n
m
o
d
e
,
th
e
im
ag
e
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ar
t
is
ca
p
tu
r
ed
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
b
elt
is
r
es
tar
ted
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
m
o
d
e
an
d
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
t,
a
d
is
ca
r
d
m
o
to
r
is
ac
tiv
ated
if
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l e
lectr
o
n
ics d
iag
r
am
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Firm
war
e
f
lo
wch
ar
t
2
.
4
.
M
ec
ha
nica
l st
ruct
ure
T
h
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
in
cl
u
d
es,
f
ir
s
t,
an
ad
ju
s
tab
le
ca
m
er
a
m
o
u
n
t,
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
t
o
ca
p
t
u
r
e
im
ag
es
o
f
th
e
m
o
v
in
g
tiles
.
A
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
u
n
t
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
its
alig
n
m
e
n
t
with
t
h
e
p
iece
d
etec
tio
n
ar
ea
an
d
is
also
d
esig
n
ed
to
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
t
h
e
co
n
v
ey
o
r
b
elt.
T
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
n
tain
s
s
ev
er
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
o
f
wh
ich
is
th
e
co
n
v
ey
o
r
b
elt
m
o
u
n
ted
o
n
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
(
Fig
u
r
e
6
)
.
T
h
e
ar
r
an
g
em
e
n
t
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
ese
elem
en
ts
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
,
o
p
tim
izin
g
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
ce
r
am
ic
tile d
ef
ec
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
9
3
8
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
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tell
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
26
:
1
1
6
6
-
1
1
7
3
1170
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Me
ch
a
n
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
co
n
v
ey
o
r
b
elt
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
M
a
chine v
is
io
n sy
s
t
em
ha
rdwa
re
T
o
ca
p
tu
r
e
im
ag
es,
th
e
ca
m
er
a
is
m
o
u
n
ted
o
n
a
s
tan
d
,
allo
win
g
m
an
u
al
f
o
cu
s
ad
ju
s
t
m
en
t.
T
h
is
ca
m
er
a
is
also
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
co
m
p
u
ter
wh
e
r
e
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
cr
ip
t
is
r
u
n
in
Py
th
o
n
an
d
th
e
Op
en
C
V
lib
r
ar
y
.
I
m
ag
es
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
o
ld
er
s
(
"e
r
r
o
r
s
"
f
o
ld
er
f
o
r
ce
r
am
ics
with
d
ef
ec
ts
,
an
d
"p
atte
r
n
_
ca
p
tu
r
e"
f
o
ld
er
f
o
r
p
atter
n
im
ag
es)
(
Fig
u
r
e
7
)
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
web
ca
m
is
s
u
itab
le
in
lo
w
-
co
s
t
m
ac
h
in
e
v
is
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
d
ef
e
ct
d
etec
tio
n
ac
tiv
ities
,
b
ec
au
s
e
it
s
in
teg
r
atio
n
with
im
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
allo
ws
f
o
r
q
u
ality
co
n
tr
o
l,
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
an
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
[
3
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
W
eb
ca
m
m
o
u
n
te
d
o
n
th
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
3
.
2
.
Co
ntr
o
l e
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
m
ec
ha
nica
l st
ruct
ure
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
NPN
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
,
in
s
tead
o
f
m
ec
h
an
ical
r
e
lay
s
f
o
r
m
o
to
r
ac
tiv
atio
n
,
i
s
s
u
itab
l
e
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e
in
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
in
g
c
o
n
v
e
y
o
r
b
e
lts
,
as
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
im
ilar
w
o
r
k
s
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
ac
tiv
atio
n
test
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
an
ev
al
u
atio
n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
(
Fig
u
r
e
8
)
,
ev
al
u
atin
g
th
e
s
er
v
o
m
o
to
r
at
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
s
p
ee
d
s
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
a
n
g
les.
A
d
eq
u
ate
r
esu
lts
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
co
n
t
r
o
llin
g
th
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
ti
m
e
u
s
in
g
PW
M.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
E
lectr
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
t
h
e
co
n
v
ey
o
r
b
elt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
R
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
s
ystem
b
a
s
ed
o
n
a
r
tifi
cia
l v
is
io
n
u
s
in
g
Op
en
C
V
fo
r
d
is
ca
r
d
in
g
a
n
d
…
(
F
ern
a
n
d
o
A
lva
r
a
d
o
)
1171
3
.
3
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
inte
g
ra
t
io
n
T
h
e
m
ac
h
in
e
v
is
io
n
r
ec
o
g
n
iti
o
n
s
y
s
tem
was
p
r
o
p
e
r
ly
i
n
teg
r
ated
with
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
d
e
s
cr
ib
ed
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
s
ec
tio
n
,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
d
is
ca
r
d
s
y
s
tem
an
d
L
E
D
lig
h
ts
f
o
r
im
ag
e
ca
p
tu
r
e
illu
m
in
atio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
g
u
id
es
o
n
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
b
elt
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
p
r
o
p
er
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ts
(
Fig
u
r
e
9
)
.
T
h
e
test
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
e
n
ter
i
n
g
h
alf
o
f
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
p
ar
ts
with
d
ef
ec
ts
a
n
d
th
e
o
th
er
h
alf
as
co
r
r
ec
t.
T
h
ese
p
a
r
ts
wer
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
with
an
im
ag
e
o
f
th
e
s
tan
d
a
r
d
p
ar
t.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
2
5
%
d
if
f
er
en
ce
(
e
r
r
o
r
)
wit
h
r
esp
ec
t to
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
ar
t w
a
s
ca
lib
r
ated
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
p
ar
t a
s
d
ef
ec
tiv
e
an
d
d
is
ca
r
d
it.
T
h
is
ty
p
e
o
f
th
r
esh
o
ld
-
b
ased
p
ix
el
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
f
law
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
er
e
em
p
ir
ical
ca
lib
r
atio
n
allo
ws
f
o
r
b
alan
cin
g
f
alse
p
o
s
itiv
es
an
d
f
alse
n
eg
ativ
es
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
[
4
]
,
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
ca
s
e
s
h
o
ws
s
o
m
e
d
etec
tio
n
ca
s
es
b
y
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
r
e
f
er
en
ce
p
ar
t,
t
h
e
p
ar
t
with
er
r
o
r
s
,
an
d
th
e
n
th
e
p
ar
ts
with
d
ete
cted
d
ef
ec
ts
.
I
n
d
icatin
g
th
eir
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
,
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
in
g
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
t
d
etec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
teg
r
at
ed
in
to
th
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
s
y
s
tem
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Dete
ctio
n
o
f
d
ef
ec
t
iv
e
p
ar
ts
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
in
teg
r
ated
s
y
s
tem
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
r
em
o
v
es
d
ef
ec
tiv
e
ce
r
am
ics
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
u
s
in
g
im
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
to
o
ls
s
u
ch
as
Op
en
C
V
an
d
Py
th
o
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
wh
ich
in
teg
r
ates
h
ar
d
war
e
a
n
d
s
o
f
twar
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
wo
r
k
s
ef
f
icien
tly
to
m
ee
t
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
9
3
8
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
26
:
1
1
6
6
-
1
1
7
3
1172
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
ele
cted
ele
m
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
ca
m
er
as,
lig
h
ti
n
g
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
,
wer
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
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d
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DATA AV
AI
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Y]
,
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ab
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eq
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est.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
R
.
S
h
a
n
mu
g
a
ma
n
i
,
D
e
e
p
l
e
a
rn
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s
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sh
i
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g
,
2
0
1
8
.
[
2
]
L.
J
u
n
a
n
d
Z.
C
h
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n
l
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n
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,
“
F
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3
.
[
3
]
E.
V
.
F
i
l
h
o
,
L.
La
n
g
,
M
.
L.
A
g
u
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r
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A
n
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e
s,
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.
P
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n
d
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.
D
.
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a
sp
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r
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o
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t
:
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.
[
4
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M
.
Z
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,
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u
,
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,
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.
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e
,
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.
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.
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o
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,
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n
d
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.
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u
,
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t
.
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1
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5
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5
6
.
[
5
]
R
.
C
a
r
v
a
l
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o
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t
a
l
.
,
“
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.
[
6
]
J.
Zh
o
u
,
H
.
Li
,
L.
Lu
,
a
n
d
Y
.
C
h
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,
“
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a
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/
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s
1
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0
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6
6
.
[
7
]
J.
J.
A
.
K
o
v
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l
p
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l
l
a
i
a
n
d
S
.
Ja
y
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y
,
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n
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9.
[
8
]
J.
M
.
Ti
s
c
a
r
,
J.
B
o
i
x
,
G
.
M
a
l
l
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.
A
.
P
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F
.
A
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l
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t
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4
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.
[
9
]
J.
Li
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
e
t
a
F
r
u
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me
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[
1
0
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