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1.
I
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Pro
tectio
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p
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b
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th
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m
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e
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itiv
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th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
[
1
]
.
T
h
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p
o
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s
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s
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ex
p
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s
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alan
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r
eq
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[
2
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.
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c
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[
3
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.
T
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ti
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r
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m
m
i
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is
d
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c
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s
s
ed
i
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[
4
]
.
T
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ip
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t
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i
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[
5
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.
A
r
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f
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te
r
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ase
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D
Gs
is
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r
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p
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s
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d
i
n
[
6
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.
R
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t
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Au
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Ge
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Al
g
o
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h
m
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p
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[
7
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.
R
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la
n
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a
f
au
lt
l
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m
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is
p
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p
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s
ed
in
[
8
]
.
Di
r
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c
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p
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‘
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(
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n
[
9
]
.
R
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b
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r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2
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J
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20
26
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b
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Ma
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[
1
3
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R
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[
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4
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i
n
v
e
r
t
er
-
i
n
t
er
f
a
ce
d
m
ic
r
o
g
r
id
s
u
n
d
er
is
l
an
d
ed
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
is
d
is
c
u
s
s
e
d
in
[
1
5
]
.
Op
tim
al
r
elay
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
in
a
test
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
ated
with
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
s
y
s
tem
i
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
1
6
]
.
Op
tim
al
c
o
o
r
d
in
atio
n
is
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
a
g
en
er
al
al
g
eb
r
aic
m
o
d
ellin
g
s
y
s
tem
(
GAM
S)
in
[
1
7
]
.
Pro
tecti
o
n
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
in
a
DG
-
in
teg
r
a
ted
s
y
s
tem
is
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
[
1
8
]
.
R
elay
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
in
a
r
a
d
ial
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
c
o
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
o
n
/o
f
f
-
g
r
id
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
1
9
]
.
Op
tim
al
r
elay
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
in
an
in
v
er
te
r
-
b
ased
is
la
n
d
ed
C
an
ad
ian
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
0
]
.
A
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ig
n
al
-
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
p
r
o
tectio
n
co
o
r
d
i
n
atio
n
s
ch
em
e
f
o
r
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
al
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
o
f
r
elay
s
in
th
e
m
esh
ed
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
s
y
s
tem
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
2
2
]
.
Op
tim
al
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
o
f
r
elay
s
f
o
r
m
in
im
izatio
n
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
lied
(
E
NS)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
i
n
[
2
3
]
.
R
elay
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
Mo
th
-
Flam
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
-
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
elay
co
o
r
d
in
a
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
is
s
o
lv
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
Op
p
o
s
itio
n
J
ay
a
Alg
o
r
ith
m
in
[
2
5
]
.
A
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
-
b
ased
r
elay
s
ettin
g
s
ch
em
e
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
n
-
1
co
n
tin
g
en
cies
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
6
]
.
R
elay
co
o
r
d
i
n
atio
n
in
d
.
c.
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
lin
e
f
au
lts
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
i
n
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
al
o
v
er
cu
r
r
en
t
r
elay
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
in
a
n
in
ter
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
s
y
s
tem
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
2
8
]
.
Data
-
d
r
iv
en
o
p
tim
al
r
elay
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
f
o
r
ac
tiv
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
9
]
.
E
lite m
ar
i
n
e
p
r
e
d
ato
r
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
u
s
ed
in
[
3
0
]
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
atio
n
o
f
r
ela
y
s
in
co
m
p
lex
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
a
n
ew
m
eth
o
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
r
elay
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
in
teg
r
ated
with
DGs.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
cited
ab
o
v
e
h
a
v
e
u
s
ed
in
te
r
m
ed
iate
p
r
o
tectiv
e
d
ev
ices,
wh
ile
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
v
o
id
s
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
in
ter
m
ed
iate
d
ev
ices.
I
n
th
is
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
a
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
eq
u
atio
n
is
f
r
am
ed
th
at
en
s
u
r
es
th
e
f
aster
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
r
ela
y
s
d
u
r
in
g
f
au
lts
.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
p
ar
t
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
Sectio
n
2
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
.
Sectio
n
3
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
Sectio
n
4
d
is
c
u
s
s
es
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
in
th
is
wo
r
k
.
Sectio
n
5
d
is
cu
s
s
es th
e
r
elay
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
s
tu
d
ies an
d
Sectio
n
6
co
n
cl
u
d
es th
e
wo
r
k
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
2.
P
RO
B
L
E
M
F
O
R
M
U
L
AT
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
im
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
e
o
p
tim
u
m
r
elay
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
atio
n
s
ch
em
e
is
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
o
v
er
all
an
d
in
d
iv
id
u
al
o
p
er
atio
n
al/tr
ip
p
in
g
tim
e
o
f
r
elay
s
alo
n
g
with
o
p
tim
u
m
s
ettin
g
s
,
n
am
el
y
,
T
im
e
Mu
ltip
lier
Settin
g
an
d
Plu
g
Settin
g
b
y
s
atis
f
y
in
g
all
th
e
ass
o
ciate
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e/f
itn
ess
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
is
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
to
tal/s
u
m
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
tim
es o
f
p
r
im
a
r
y
r
el
ay
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
:
∑
=
1
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
N
relay
is
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
elay
s
,
T
i
is
th
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
tim
e
o
f
r
elay
R
i
.
Su
b
je
cted
to
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
:
≥
+
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
T
j
is
th
e
b
ac
k
u
p
r
elay
t
r
ip
p
in
g
tim
e,
T
i
is
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
r
elay
tr
ip
p
in
g
tim
e
an
d
C
T
I
is
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
tim
e
in
ter
v
al.
,
<
<
,
(
3
)
w
h
er
e
T
MS
i
is
th
e
t
im
e
m
u
ltip
lier
s
ettin
g
o
f
r
elay
R
i
,
T
M
S
i,
min
is
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
T
MS
a
n
d
T
MS
i,
max
is
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
T
MS.
,
<
<
,
(
4
)
w
h
er
e
PS
i
is
th
e
p
lu
g
s
ettin
g
o
f
th
e
r
elay
R
i
,
PS
i,
min
is
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
PS
an
d
PS
i,
max
is
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
PS
.
T
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies o
f
PS
ar
e
ca
lcu
late
d
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
,
=
(
,
1
.
25
×
,
)
(
5
)
=
(
,
2
×
,
3
×
)
(
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
A
n
ew mo
d
ified
ch
a
r
a
cteris
tic
eq
u
a
tio
n
fo
r
o
p
tima
l c
o
o
r
d
in
a
tio
n
o
f
… (
N
ee
la
ka
n
tesh
w
a
r
R
a
o
B
a
ttu
)
791
w
h
er
e
I
L,
max
is
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
lo
ad
cu
r
r
e
n
t.
I
n
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
I
n
v
er
s
e
Def
in
ite
Min
im
u
m
T
im
e
(
I
DM
T
)
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
ty
p
e
o
f
r
elay
s
ar
e
p
o
p
u
lar
an
d
m
o
s
tly
u
s
ed
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
I
E
C
s
tan
d
ar
d
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al/s
tan
d
ar
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
as (
7
)
:
=
[
0
.
14
(
×
)
0
.
02
−
1
]
×
(
7
)
T
h
e
n
ewly
m
o
d
if
ied
c
h
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tic
eq
u
atio
n
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
8
)
,
=
[
0
.
14
(
×
)
0
.
02
−
1
]
×
×
(
1
1
−
)
(
8
)
W
h
er
e
T
is
o
p
er
atio
n
al
tim
e
o
f
r
elay
,
I
f
is
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
cu
r
r
en
t,
TMS
is
th
e
T
im
e
M
u
ltip
lier
Settin
g
o
f
r
elay
,
PS
is
th
e
Plu
g
s
e
t
tin
g
o
f
r
elay
,
V
is
th
e
p
er
u
n
it
v
alu
e
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
wh
ich
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
r
elay
,
k
is
a
co
n
s
tan
t w
h
ich
v
a
r
ies b
etwe
en
0
an
d
2
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
er
e
ar
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
in
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
f
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
th
e
r
ela
y
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
e
f
ir
ef
ly
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
FF
A)
is
u
s
ed
in
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
r
o
ject
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
ad
v
an
tag
eo
u
s
ab
ilit
y
to
s
o
lv
e
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
an
d
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ef
f
icien
tly
.
FF
A
p
r
o
v
id
es
h
ig
h
-
c
o
n
v
er
g
en
ce
-
r
ate
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
I
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
an
in
itial
v
alu
e
to
s
tar
t
th
e
iter
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
FF
A
is
a
b
io
-
in
s
p
ir
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
wh
ich
wo
r
k
s
o
n
th
e
f
lash
in
g
lig
h
t
o
f
f
ir
ef
lies
.
I
n
a
b
o
u
t
two
th
o
u
s
an
d
v
ar
ieties
o
f
Fire
f
ly
s
p
ec
ies
in
n
atu
r
e,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
m
ex
h
ib
it
s
h
o
r
t
an
d
r
h
y
th
m
ic
f
lash
es,
wh
ich
ar
e
o
f
ten
u
n
iq
u
e
p
atter
n
s
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
p
ec
ies.
Fire
f
lies
p
r
o
d
u
ce
f
lash
es
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
b
io
lu
m
in
escen
ce
.
T
h
e
f
lash
lig
h
t
p
atter
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
o
r
s
ig
n
alin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
is
s
till
in
d
eb
ate.
T
h
e
f
lash
in
g
lig
h
t
g
u
i
d
es
Fire
f
lies
to
d
is
co
v
er
th
e
m
ates
an
d
attr
ac
t
p
o
ten
tial
p
r
ey
[
3
1
]
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
t
h
e
f
lash
in
g
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
I
at
a
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
a
p
a
r
ticu
lar
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
lig
h
t
r
o
b
ey
s
th
e
in
v
er
s
e
s
q
u
ar
e
law.
T
h
e
b
r
ig
h
tn
ess
o
f
Fire
f
ly
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
u
s
ed
in
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
as (
9
)
an
d
(
1
0
)
:
∝
1
2
(
9
)
=
2
(
1
0
)
w
h
e
r
e
I
i
s
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
o
f
l
i
g
h
t
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
l
i
g
h
t
s
o
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r
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e
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
a
t
d
i
s
t
a
n
ce
r
u
n
i
t
s
,
I
s
i
s
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
o
f
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
l
i
g
h
t
s
o
u
r
c
e
.
T
h
e
a
tt
r
i
b
u
t
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
F
FA
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
a
b
o
v
e
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
a
r
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
at
e
d
[
3
2
]
:
A.
Attr
ac
tiv
en
ess
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
ac
tu
al
an
d
o
r
i
g
in
al
lig
h
t in
te
n
s
ity
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
1
1
)
,
=
0
×
−
2
(
1
1
)
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
Attr
ac
tiv
en
ess
f
u
n
ct
io
n
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
is
g
iv
e
n
as
(
1
2
)
,
=
0
×
−
,
≥
1
(
1
2
)
w
h
er
e
r
is
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
e
n
two
Fire
f
lies
,
I
r
is
lig
h
tn
in
g
in
ten
s
ity
v
ar
ies with
r
,
I
0
is
o
r
ig
in
al
lig
h
t in
ten
s
ity
,
γ
is
lig
h
t a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
co
n
s
tan
t (
m
ain
tain
s
lig
h
t in
ten
s
ity
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
)
,
β
0
is
I
n
itial a
ttra
ctio
n
(
at
r
=
0
)
.
B.
Dis
tan
ce
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
a
n
y
two
p
an
d
q
f
ir
e
f
lies
at
Xp
an
d
Xq
ar
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as
(
1
3
)
,
,
=
‖
−
‖
=
√
∑
(
,
−
,
)
2
=
1
(
1
3
)
w
h
er
e
r
p,
q
is
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etw
ee
n
p
an
d
q
Fire
f
lies
,
X
p,
I
is
t
h
e
i
th
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
s
p
atial
co
o
r
d
i
n
ate
X
p
an
d
j
is
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
n
u
m
b
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
26
:
7
8
9
-
7
9
6
792
C.
Mo
v
em
en
t
T
h
e
m
o
v
e
m
en
t o
f
p
f
i
r
ef
ly
to
war
d
s
th
e
b
r
ig
h
ter
q
f
ir
ef
ly
is
s
h
o
wn
as
(
1
4
)
.
=
+
(
0
×
−
)
(
−
)
+
(
×
)
(
1
4
)
W
h
er
e
X
p
is
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
Fire
f
ly
an
d
ε
p
is
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
v
alu
e
g
en
e
r
atio
n
b
y
u
n
if
o
r
m
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
[
0
,
1
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
eq
u
atio
n
,
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
p
f
ir
ef
ly
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
f
ir
s
t te
r
m
,
th
e
m
o
v
em
en
t o
f
a
d
u
ll
f
ir
ef
ly
to
war
d
s
a
b
r
ig
h
t
er
q
f
ir
ef
l
y
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
th
e
m
id
d
le
ter
m
,
an
d
th
e
th
i
r
d
ter
m
s
h
o
wca
s
es
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
m
o
v
em
en
ts
o
f
a
f
i
r
ef
ly
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
[
0
,
1
]
.
T
h
e
f
lo
wch
ar
t
d
escr
ib
in
g
th
is
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Flo
wch
ar
t
o
f
f
i
r
ef
ly
alg
o
r
ith
m
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
A
v
er
y
co
m
m
o
n
ly
a
n
d
p
o
p
u
l
ar
ly
u
s
ed
8
-
b
u
s
test
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
ated
with
I
n
v
er
ter
b
ased
s
o
lar
PV
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
g
e
n
er
atio
n
(
DG)
u
n
it
f
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
an
d
test
in
g
R
elay
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
is
u
s
ed
in
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
p
r
o
ject.
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
lin
e
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
in
teg
r
ated
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
g
en
er
at
o
r
(
P
VI
DG
)
in
teg
r
ated
8
-
b
u
s
test
s
y
s
tem
is
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
c
o
n
tain
s
t
wo
g
en
e
r
ato
r
s
,
two
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
s
with
8
b
u
s
es,
an
d
7
b
r
a
n
ch
es.
T
h
e
Dir
ec
tio
n
al
O
v
er
cu
r
r
e
n
t
R
elay
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
o
f
a
b
r
an
ch
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
eq
u
ir
es
f
o
u
r
teen
r
elay
s
R
1
t
o
R
1
4
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
u
s
es
a
n
ew
m
o
d
if
ied
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
p
r
o
tectio
n
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
o
f
o
v
e
r
cu
r
r
en
t r
elay
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
A
n
ew mo
d
ified
ch
a
r
a
cteris
tic
eq
u
a
tio
n
fo
r
o
p
tima
l c
o
o
r
d
in
a
tio
n
o
f
… (
N
ee
la
ka
n
tesh
w
a
r
R
a
o
B
a
ttu
)
793
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
lin
e
d
ia
g
r
am
o
f
PVI
DG
in
teg
r
ated
8
-
b
u
s
test
s
y
s
tem
5.
RE
L
AY
CO
O
RDIN
AT
I
O
N
ST
UD
I
E
S
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
f
o
u
r
teen
C
T
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
f
o
u
r
teen
r
elay
s
in
th
e
m
ain
s
y
s
tem
o
f
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
y
s
tem
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
elay
co
o
r
d
in
a
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
is
s
tu
d
ied
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
3
-
Ø
f
au
lt.
5
.
1
.
Co
m
pa
ra
t
iv
e
a
na
ly
s
is
o
f
co
nv
ent
io
na
l a
nd
mo
dified
cha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ic
a
pp
ro
a
c
hes
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
b
o
th
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ar
e
m
er
g
ed
i
n
to
a
c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
in
g
le
tab
le
a
n
d
a
n
al
y
ze
d
.
T
h
e
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al/s
tan
d
ar
d
c
h
ar
ac
t
er
is
tic
o
f
r
elay
s
h
as
th
e
o
n
ly
cu
r
r
en
t
p
a
r
am
eter
,
an
d
th
e
v
a
r
iab
les
to
o
p
tim
ize
ar
e
T
MS
an
d
PS
.
I
n
th
e
n
ewl
y
m
o
d
if
ied
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
ti
c
o
f
r
elay
s
,
v
o
ltag
e,
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
ar
e
th
e
two
p
ar
am
eter
s
th
at
wo
r
k
o
n
,
an
d
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
les
to
o
p
tim
ize
ar
e
T
MS,
PS
,
an
d
k
.
Fr
o
m
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
b
o
th
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
o
in
ts
ar
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
.
A
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
r
elay
s
e
ttin
g
s
T
MS,
PS
&
K
u
s
in
g
b
o
th
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
T
p
,
T
b
&
C
T
I
o
f
PVI
DG
in
teg
r
ated
8
-
b
u
s
test
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
th
e
n
ew
m
o
d
if
ied
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
r
ela
y
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
T
ab
le
2
.
5
.
2
.
Rev
iew
o
f
a
na
l
y
s
is
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
b
o
th
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
tab
u
la
r
f
o
r
m
is
g
iv
en
in
T
ab
le
3
.
Fro
m
T
ab
le
3
,
th
e
to
tal
o
p
er
atio
n
al
tim
e
o
f
p
r
im
ar
y
r
e
lay
s
in
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
7
.
8
3
7
3
s
,
wh
e
r
ea
s
,
it
is
3
.
6
6
4
2
s
in
th
e
n
ew
m
o
d
if
ied
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
5
3
.
2
4
6
%
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
al
tim
e
is
n
o
ticed
in
th
e
n
ew
m
o
d
if
ied
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
th
at
o
f
th
e
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
tim
es
o
f
r
elay
s
ac
tin
g
as
B
ac
k
u
p
i
n
th
e
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
1
1
.
2
3
4
s
an
d
in
th
e
n
ew
m
o
d
i
f
ied
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
is
6
.
7
6
4
8
s
.
I
t
is
to
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at,
th
e
r
e
is
a
3
9
.
7
8
2
%
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
o
f
o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
al
tim
e
o
f
b
ac
k
u
p
r
elay
s
in
th
e
n
ew
m
o
d
if
ied
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
th
e
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
to
tal
C
T
I
v
alu
es
ar
e
4
.
8
7
4
9
s
an
d
4
.
5
5
6
6
s
in
th
e
C
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
an
d
th
e
n
ew
m
o
d
if
ie
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
n
ew
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
6
.
5
2
9
3
% r
e
d
u
ce
d
to
th
at
o
f
th
e
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
way
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
r
elay
s
ettin
g
s
T
MS,
PS
&
K
u
s
in
g
b
o
th
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
R
e
l
a
y
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
/
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
M
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
TM
S
PS
TM
S
PS
K
1
0
.
1
1
.
9
6
0
6
0
.
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RE
F
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NC
E
S
[
1
]
J.
Li
,
J
.
F
e
n
g
,
M
.
H
u
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n
g
,
S
.
L
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u
,
a
n
d
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.
W
a
n
g
,
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O
p
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.
[
2
]
A
.
S
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d
h
a
k
a
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,
G
.
N
a
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a
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a
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,
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.
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M
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d
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(
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.
[
3
]
T.
F
o
q
h
a
,
S
.
A
l
sa
d
i
,
O
.
O
mar
i
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
.
R
e
f
a
a
t
,
“
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h
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q
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:
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h
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n
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v
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v
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,
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c
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,
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.
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,
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p
.
1
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2
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3
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4
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3
.
[
4
]
S
.
B
i
sw
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l
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d
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.
R
.
S
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m
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,
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p
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s
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”
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EEE
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y
s
t
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s
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p
p
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s
t
.
2
0
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3
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3
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6
2
0
.
[
5
]
L.
J
i
n
,
Z.
Z
h
o
u
,
R
.
Z
h
a
n
,
G
.
Y
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
Y
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
O
p
t
i
ma
l
l
a
y
o
u
t
a
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d
o
v
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r
h
e
a
t
m
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t
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f
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c
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mp
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e
n
t
s
o
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h
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g
h
l
y
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l
i
a
b
l
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l
a
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p
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c
t
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e
q
u
i
p
m
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n
t
,
”
I
EEE
Ac
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
8
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6
1
5
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c
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.
2
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3
.
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4
2
7
6
.
[
6
]
T.
E
.
S
a
t
i
,
M
.
A
.
A
z
z
o
u
z
,
a
n
d
M
.
F
.
S
h
a
a
b
a
n
,
“
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a
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mo
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c
d
u
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l
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t
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d
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t
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f
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sl
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n
d
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d
m
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c
r
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s
,
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EE
Ac
c
e
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,
v
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l
.
1
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p
p
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3
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c
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2
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3
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4
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4
2
.
[
7
]
A
.
B
a
r
r
a
n
c
o
-
C
a
r
l
o
s,
C
.
O
r
o
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o
-
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n
a
o
,
J
.
M
a
r
í
n
-
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u
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t
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r
o
,
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M
o
r
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-
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l
ó
r
e
z
,
a
n
d
A
.
H
e
r
r
e
r
a
-
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r
o
z
c
o
,
“
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d
a
p
t
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v
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p
r
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c
t
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f
o
r
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d
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s
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r
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b
u
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w
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k
s:
a
n
a
p
p
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c
h
b
a
se
d
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f
u
ses
a
n
d
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l
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y
s
w
i
t
h
mu
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p
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set
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g
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,
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2
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.
[
8
]
T.
E.
S
a
t
i
,
M
.
A
.
A
z
z
o
u
z
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
h
a
a
b
a
n
,
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O
p
t
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mal
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0
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2
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2
3
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4
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7
6
.
[
9
]
K
.
T.
M
a
r
t
i
n
,
A
.
C
.
M
a
r
c
h
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s
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n
,
O
.
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.
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.
d
e
A
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,
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rc
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c
a
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b
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c
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tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
su
re
n
d
e
r@ws
u
.
a
c
.
k
r
.
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