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g
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s
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k
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jk
t.a
c.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
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O
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I
n
to
d
ay
’
s
k
n
o
wled
g
e
-
d
r
iv
en
d
ig
ital
er
a,
web
s
ites
h
av
e
b
ec
o
m
e
v
ital
to
o
ls
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
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s
er
v
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g
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o
t
o
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l
y
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li
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s
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u
t
also
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itical
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o
les
in
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m
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n
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,
s
er
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eliv
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y
,
b
r
an
d
in
g
,
an
d
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
e
n
g
ag
em
en
t
[
1
]
-
[
3
]
.
As
web
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
h
av
e
a
d
v
an
ce
d
,
d
ev
e
lo
p
in
g
web
s
ites
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
tec
h
n
ically
m
o
r
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le.
Ho
wev
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,
s
u
cc
ess
n
o
l
o
n
g
er
d
ep
e
n
d
s
s
o
lely
o
n
d
e
v
elo
p
m
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t
ca
p
ab
ilit
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b
u
t
o
n
h
o
w
well
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s
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s
ca
n
in
ter
ac
t
with
th
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s
i
te.
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—
h
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tiv
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icien
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d
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at
is
f
ac
to
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ily
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s
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s
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h
iev
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als
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h
a
s
b
ec
o
m
e
a
d
ef
in
in
g
f
ac
to
r
in
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web
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ite’
s
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
an
d
p
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r
f
o
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m
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n
ce
[
4
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,
[
5
]
.
Usab
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s
a
ce
n
tr
al
r
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le
in
in
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lu
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cin
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r
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tio
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u
s
er
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tr
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web
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ite
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s
u
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th
at
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s
ca
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u
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d
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p
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eir
task
s
with
m
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im
al
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u
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ab
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m
ay
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r
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ab
an
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o
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m
en
t,
an
d
u
ltima
tely
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
f
ailu
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in
lev
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ag
in
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its
d
ig
ital
p
r
esen
ce
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
m
o
d
er
n
web
s
ite
d
esig
n
em
p
h
asizes
U
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b
y
in
co
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p
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r
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d
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[
6
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,
[
7
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.
Var
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T
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to
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b
r
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d
ca
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ies:
ex
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ased
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s
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ased
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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N:
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kt
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635
C
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walk
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ased
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to
id
en
tify
p
o
ten
tial
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s
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is
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u
es
[
7
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[
8
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I
n
co
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th
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k
-
alo
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p
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tem
u
s
ab
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esti
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air
e
(
PS
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ar
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ased
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eth
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d
esig
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(
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,
in
clu
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em
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itiv
e
r
esp
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s
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r
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g
in
te
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tio
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[
9
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-
[
1
2
]
.
E
ac
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o
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ch
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if
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s
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s
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ated
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ased
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T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
h
ig
h
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t
th
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im
p
ac
t
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u
s
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ig
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ter
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d
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f
o
r
m
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g
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ata
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d
r
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d
esig
n
s
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ateg
ies.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ev
alu
ates
th
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
C
OR
E
I
n
d
o
n
esia
m
o
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ile
web
s
ite,
a
p
latf
o
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o
f
f
er
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g
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o
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o
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ic
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ch
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s
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e
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u
b
lic.
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im
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o
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er
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est
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ilit
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es,
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ar
ticu
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n
m
o
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ile
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Giv
en
th
e
in
cr
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s
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elian
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o
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m
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il
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cr
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cial
to
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im
p
r
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m
o
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ile
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s
er
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ter
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(
UI
)
to
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ce
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ilit
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ec
tiv
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tify
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s
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ar
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ier
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l
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ativ
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ed
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g
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al
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ir
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m
eth
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th
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
m
o
b
ile
web
s
ite’
s
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ter
f
ac
e
to
b
etter
m
ee
t
u
s
er
n
ee
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s
.
Ultim
ately
,
th
is
r
esea
r
ch
p
r
o
v
id
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ig
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ts
in
to
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o
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d
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ased
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s
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eth
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teg
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ated
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o
d
r
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im
p
r
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e
m
en
ts
in
m
o
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ile
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s
ite
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esig
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
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co
n
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cted
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o
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g
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o
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o
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atin
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iter
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r
o
ce
s
s
d
u
r
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g
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e
u
s
ab
ilit
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test
in
g
p
h
ase,
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illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
o
b
ject
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
th
e
m
o
b
ile
v
e
r
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
C
OR
E
I
n
d
o
n
esia
web
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ite
(
h
ttp
s
://co
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o
n
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r
g
/
)
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T
o
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ed
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ter
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iew
tech
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es [
1
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Fig
u
r
e
1
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R
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ts
[
8
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2
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as
s
h
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ab
le
2
.
Af
ter
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ased
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d
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q
u
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s
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
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3
.
T
ab
le
1
.
L
is
t o
f
t
h
e
co
g
n
itiv
e
walk
th
r
o
u
g
h
task
s
C
o
d
e
Ta
sk
s
T1
F
i
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
a
b
o
u
t
w
h
a
t
serv
i
c
e
s
mo
b
i
l
e
w
e
b
s
i
t
e
s
o
f
f
e
r
!
T2
F
i
n
d
e
mai
l
t
h
a
t
c
a
n
b
e
u
se
d
t
o
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
h
e
w
e
b
s
i
t
e
a
d
m
i
n
!
T3
S
e
a
r
c
h
G
o
o
g
l
e
M
a
p
s w
h
i
c
h
sh
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
f
f
i
c
e
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
!
T4
F
i
n
d
p
o
s
t
s
a
b
o
u
t
i
n
v
e
st
m
e
n
t
!
T5
F
i
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
a
b
o
u
t
a
ma
n
a
g
e
r
/
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
.
T
ab
le
2
.
L
is
t o
f
t
h
e
PS
SUQ
s
t
atem
en
ts
C
o
d
e
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
s
S
Y
U
1
I
a
m sa
t
i
sf
i
e
d
w
i
t
h
h
o
w
e
a
s
y
i
t
i
s
t
o
u
s
e
t
h
i
s
w
e
b
si
t
e
.
S
Y
U
2
I
t
w
a
s s
i
m
p
l
e
t
o
u
se
t
h
i
s
w
e
b
si
t
e
.
S
Y
U
3
I
w
a
s a
b
l
e
t
o
c
o
mp
l
e
t
e
t
h
e
t
a
s
k
s
a
n
d
s
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
s
q
u
i
c
k
l
y
.
S
Y
U
4
I
f
e
l
t
c
o
mf
o
r
t
a
b
l
e
u
si
n
g
t
h
i
s
w
e
b
si
t
e
.
S
Y
U
5
I
t
w
a
s
e
a
s
y
t
o
l
e
a
r
n
t
o
u
se
t
h
i
s
w
e
b
si
t
e
.
S
Y
U
6
I
b
e
l
i
e
v
e
,
I
c
o
u
l
d
b
e
c
o
me
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
u
si
n
g
t
h
i
s we
b
si
t
e
.
IFQ1
Th
e
sy
s
t
e
m
g
a
v
e
e
r
r
o
r
m
e
ssa
g
e
s
t
o
f
i
x
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
.
IFQ2
W
h
e
n
e
v
e
r
I
ma
d
e
a
m
i
st
a
k
e
,
I
c
o
u
l
d
r
e
c
o
v
e
r
e
a
si
l
y
.
IFQ3
Th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
o
n
t
h
i
s we
b
si
t
e
w
a
s
c
l
e
a
r
.
IFQ4
I
t
w
a
s
e
a
s
y
t
o
f
i
n
d
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
I
n
e
e
d
e
d
.
IFQ5
I
k
n
o
w
u
sef
u
l
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
t
a
sk
s
/
sc
e
n
a
r
i
o
s.
IFQ6
Th
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
o
n
t
h
e
w
e
b
si
t
e
w
a
s
c
l
e
a
r
.
I
TQ
1
Th
e
i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
w
e
b
si
t
e
w
a
s
p
l
e
a
san
t
.
I
TQ
2
I
l
i
k
e
d
u
si
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
o
f
t
h
i
s we
b
s
i
t
e
.
I
TQ
3
Th
i
s
w
e
b
si
t
e
h
a
s fu
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
a
s I
e
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
.
O
S
T1
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
,
I
a
m
sa
t
i
sf
i
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
i
s
w
e
b
si
t
e
.
T
ab
le
3
.
L
is
t o
f
t
h
e
in
ter
v
iew
q
u
esti
o
n
s
C
o
d
e
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
s
Q1
W
h
a
t
i
s
y
o
u
r
f
i
r
s
t
i
m
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
w
h
e
n
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
b
i
l
e
w
e
b
s
i
t
e
?
Q2
A
r
e
t
h
e
r
e
a
n
y
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
u
s
i
n
g
i
t
?
I
f
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
,
p
l
e
a
s
e
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
!
Q3
A
r
e
t
h
e
r
e
a
n
y
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s t
o
b
e
a
d
d
e
d
t
o
mak
e
m
o
r
e
c
o
mf
o
r
t
a
b
l
e
?
Q4
W
h
a
t
d
o
y
o
u
t
h
i
n
k
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
a
e
s
t
h
e
t
i
c
s o
f
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d
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m
o
n
s
tr
ate
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icien
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u
s
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o
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h
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tlin
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r
e
v
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r
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ch
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y
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s
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l.
[
2
1
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d
A
to
u
m
[
2
2
]
.
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f
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ts
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ter
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ately
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als,
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clu
d
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g
th
e
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itial
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iv
e
p
ar
ticip
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ts
.
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p
ar
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ts
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ib
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s
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r
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ata
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aly
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is
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Mic
r
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t
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d
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Min
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ite
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aly
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ata
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r
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g
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d
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ter
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iews.
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an
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ata
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th
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r
v
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wer
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n
aly
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u
s
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g
Mic
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o
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E
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ased
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h
e
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g
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th
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ir
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t
u
s
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ilit
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alu
at
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n
s
tag
e,
th
e
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ite
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r
ed
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n
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
GDD
ap
p
r
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ac
h
[
1
0
]
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1
1
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,
[
2
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.
T
h
is
m
eth
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d
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es
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o
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r
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u
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-
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eq
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ath
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g
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f
r
am
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a
n
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f
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em
en
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g
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p
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s
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ca
r
r
ied
o
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t
u
s
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g
Fig
m
a
(
h
ttp
s
://www.
f
ig
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a.
co
m
/
)
to
cr
ea
te
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ter
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es
o
f
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
web
s
ite
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esig
n
.
T
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
r
e
d
esig
n
e
d
web
s
ite,
th
e
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ch
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o
m
p
ar
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u
s
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alu
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lts
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t
h
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p
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-
d
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n
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d
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o
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t
-
d
esig
n
p
h
ases
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
aim
ed
to
ass
es
s
wh
eth
er
th
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
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ed
d
esig
n
s
u
r
p
ass
ed
th
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
v
er
s
io
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
E
va
lu
a
tin
g
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s
er e
xp
erien
ce
o
f
a
mo
b
ile
w
eb
s
ite
a
n
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er in
terf
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…
(
A
a
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b
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kt
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)
637
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
f
iv
e
p
a
r
ticip
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ts
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n
s
is
ted
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f
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o
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r
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ale
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d
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e
f
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ale.
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h
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iv
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o
f
5
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r
esp
o
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ts
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d
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led
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e
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o
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s
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ated
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ar
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m
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r
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ices
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u
ch
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esk
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ll
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le
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ated
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ar
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h
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ac
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s
d
eg
r
ee
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in
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o
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tem
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n
ad
d
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,
T
ab
le
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4
to
6
,
a
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d
Fig
u
r
e
2
p
r
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s
eq
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tially
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lts
o
f
th
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co
g
n
itiv
e
walk
th
r
o
u
g
h
,
PS
SUQ,
in
ter
v
ie
w
,
an
d
th
in
k
-
alo
u
d
ev
alu
atio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
m
a
p
s
th
e
UXs
wh
e
n
u
s
ed
th
e
web
s
ite.
L
astl
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,
Fig
u
r
e
4
p
r
esen
ts
a
co
m
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ar
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etwe
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e
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
two
s
am
p
le
web
p
ag
es:
th
e
n
av
ig
atio
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m
en
u
i
n
Fig
u
r
es
4
(
a)
an
d
4
(
b
)
an
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s
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b
m
en
u
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in
Fig
u
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(
c)
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(
d
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.
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4
.
R
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n
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walk
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ass
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ts
P
a
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t
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c
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p
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Pre
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d
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s
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g
n
(
s)
P
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st
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g
n
(
s)
T1
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T3
T4
T5
∑
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25
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15
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0
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)
F
a
i
l
e
d
t
a
s
k
s
T
ab
le
5
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
th
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V
a
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a
b
l
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Th
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
v
a
l
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Pre
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s
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n
P
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st
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Lo
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M
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.
Su
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esti
o
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s
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X
im
p
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n
t
No
R
e
c
o
mm
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
1
I
n
t
h
e
su
b
-
me
n
u
n
a
v
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g
a
t
i
o
n
d
e
s
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g
n
,
t
h
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y
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a
n
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z
e
d
d
o
w
n
w
a
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s
a
n
d
w
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e
n
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l
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t
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h
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n
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c
o
n
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e
n
t
i
s
u
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t
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o
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t
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t
v
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si
b
l
e
a
n
d
m
a
k
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p
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r
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i
c
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p
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t
s
t
h
i
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k
i
t
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s
a
l
a
g
.
2
Th
e
r
e
i
s
n
o
s
e
a
r
c
h
b
u
t
t
o
n
,
d
o
n
’
t
k
n
o
w
w
h
y
i
t
i
s
o
mi
t
t
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
o
b
i
l
e
w
e
b
.
3
C
o
n
f
u
s
i
n
g
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
,
w
h
a
t
i
s
o
n
t
h
e
h
o
m
e
p
a
g
e
i
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
w
h
a
t
i
s
o
n
t
h
e
n
a
v
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
me
n
u
.
4
Th
e
h
o
m
e
p
a
g
e
i
s t
o
o
c
r
o
w
d
e
d
a
n
d
n
e
e
d
s
t
o
b
e
c
u
r
a
t
e
d
.
5
Th
e
b
a
si
c
U
I
/
U
X
,
su
c
h
a
s s
p
a
c
i
n
g
,
l
a
y
o
u
t
,
f
o
n
t
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
f
o
n
t
s
i
z
e
,
a
n
d
c
o
l
o
r
c
o
n
t
r
a
st
i
s s
t
i
l
l
n
o
t
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
th
in
k
-
alo
u
d
ass
ess
m
en
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
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m
m
u
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T
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h
n
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,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
26
:
6
3
4
-
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4
3
638
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
User
jo
u
r
n
ey
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
o
f
:
(
a
)
an
d
(
b
)
th
e
n
av
ig
atio
n
m
en
u
an
d
(
c)
an
d
(
d
)
s
u
b
m
en
u
T
o
d
is
cu
s
s
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
in
itial
u
s
ab
ilit
y
ev
alu
atio
n
r
ev
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led
th
at
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
v
alu
es o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
web
s
ite
d
esig
n
wer
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
8
4
% a
n
d
5
2
%
,
r
esp
ec
t
iv
ely
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
u
s
ab
ilit
y
b
en
c
h
m
ar
k
s
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
8
]
,
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
s
co
r
e
ex
ce
ed
ed
t
h
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
wh
e
r
ea
s
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
s
co
r
e
was
b
elo
w
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
lev
el.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
PS
SUQ
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
I
T
Q
an
d
OST
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
s
u
r
p
ass
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
th
r
esh
o
ld
lim
its
[
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
wh
ile
u
s
er
s
f
o
u
n
d
ce
r
tain
elem
en
ts
u
s
ef
u
l,
is
s
u
es
with
clar
ity
an
d
n
a
v
ig
atio
n
r
e
m
ain
ed
.
T
h
is
was f
u
r
th
e
r
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
b
y
t
h
e
th
in
k
-
alo
u
d
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
wh
ich
r
ev
ea
led
a
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
n
eg
ativ
e
co
m
m
e
n
ts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
v
is
u
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
lay
o
u
t,
a
n
d
n
a
v
ig
atio
n
f
lo
w
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
)
.
I
n
a
d
d
i
tio
n
,
th
e
in
ter
v
iew
r
esu
lts
(
T
ab
le
6
)
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
f
iv
e
m
ajo
r
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
n
ec
ess
ar
y
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
co
n
d
u
cted
a
r
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
c
ess
u
s
in
g
th
e
GDD
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
n
ew
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
was
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
o
d
elin
g
,
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
g
ath
er
in
g
,
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
tr
u
ctu
r
in
g
,
an
d
r
ef
in
em
e
n
t
u
s
in
g
Fig
m
a.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
u
s
ab
ilit
y
test
in
g
o
n
th
e
r
ed
esig
n
ed
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
s
h
o
we
d
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
all
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
B
o
th
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
v
alu
es
in
cr
ea
s
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
,
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
e
PS
SUQ
r
esu
lts
p
o
s
t
-
r
ed
esig
n
also
in
d
icate
d
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
all
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
with
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
s
co
r
es
n
o
w
m
ee
tin
g
o
r
e
x
ce
e
d
in
g
th
e
d
ef
in
e
d
u
s
ab
ilit
y
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
(
T
ab
le
5
)
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
o
s
t
-
d
esig
n
th
i
n
k
-
al
o
u
d
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
s
h
o
we
d
a
m
ar
k
e
d
s
h
if
t
to
war
d
m
o
r
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
u
s
er
r
esp
o
n
s
es
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
)
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
t
h
e
r
ed
esig
n
e
d
in
te
r
f
ac
e
b
etter
alig
n
ed
with
u
s
er
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
an
d
u
s
ab
ilit
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
E
va
lu
a
tin
g
u
s
er e
xp
erien
ce
o
f
a
mo
b
ile
w
eb
s
ite
a
n
d
r
ed
esig
n
in
g
its
u
s
er in
terf
a
ce
…
(
A
a
n
g
S
u
b
iya
kt
o
)
639
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
e
two
k
ey
p
o
in
ts
.
First,
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
a
b
le
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
u
s
ab
ilit
y
test
in
g
allo
wed
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
d
etec
t,
an
a
ly
ze
,
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
u
s
ab
ilit
y
is
s
u
es.
T
h
is
iter
ativ
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
n
o
t
o
n
ly
e
n
h
an
ce
d
th
e
clar
ity
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
b
u
t
also
co
n
tr
i
b
u
ted
t
o
its
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
m
ain
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
alig
n
m
en
t
with
q
u
ality
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
r
elate
d
to
co
s
t,
r
is
k
,
an
d
tim
elin
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
[
5
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
ac
tiv
e
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
o
f
u
s
er
s
in
b
o
th
ev
al
u
atio
n
an
d
r
e
d
esig
n
p
h
ases
en
s
u
r
ed
th
at
th
e
f
in
al
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
was
alig
n
ed
with
ac
tu
al
u
s
er
n
ee
d
s
an
d
ex
p
e
ctatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
u
s
er
-
ce
n
ter
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
lay
ed
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
OST,
as
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
ea
r
li
er
lit
er
atu
r
e
[
1
7
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
Desp
ite
its
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
s
ev
er
al
lim
itatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
elativ
ely
s
m
all
s
am
p
le
s
ize
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
walk
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
r
elian
ce
o
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
,
m
ay
af
f
ec
t
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
il
ity
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
s
(
Z
o
o
m
an
d
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
s
)
,
an
aly
s
is
to
o
ls
(
MS
W
o
r
d
,
E
x
ce
l,
QD
A
Min
er
L
ite)
,
an
d
r
esear
ch
er
s
u
b
jectiv
ity
in
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
th
in
k
-
alo
u
d
an
d
in
ter
v
iew
d
ata
m
ay
also
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
d
esig
n
s
k
ills
an
d
p
r
io
r
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
m
ig
h
t
h
av
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
ias
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
r
ed
esig
n
p
h
ase.
L
o
o
k
in
g
f
o
r
w
ar
d
,
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
c
h
ca
n
ex
p
lo
r
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
test
in
g
ac
r
o
s
s
m
o
r
e
d
iv
er
s
e
u
s
er
g
r
o
u
p
s
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
web
s
ite
t
y
p
es.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
au
t
o
m
ated
u
s
ab
ilit
y
an
aly
tics
an
d
m
ac
h
i
n
e
le
ar
n
in
g
-
b
ased
in
ter
ac
tio
n
lo
g
g
in
g
m
ay
also
o
f
f
e
r
d
ee
p
er
in
s
ig
h
ts
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
er
ativ
e
test
in
g
co
u
l
d
b
e
ex
p
an
d
ed
i
n
to
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
p
h
ases
to
m
o
n
ito
r
ac
tu
al
u
s
er
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
v
er
ti
m
e.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
ev
id
en
ce
th
at
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
,
u
s
er
-
in
v
o
lv
e
d
,
an
d
iter
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
u
s
ab
ilit
y
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
r
ed
esig
n
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
e
n
h
an
ce
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
a
web
s
ite.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
m
ee
ts
h
ig
h
er
u
s
ab
ilit
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
b
u
t
m
ay
also
s
er
v
e
as
a
p
r
ac
tical
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
we
b
s
ite
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
jects,
esp
ec
ially
with
in
th
e
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
f
it
a
n
d
p
u
b
lic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ec
to
r
s
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
UX
is
a
cr
itica
l
f
ac
to
r
in
m
o
d
e
r
n
web
s
ite
d
esig
n
,
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
l
u
en
cin
g
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
d
ig
ital
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
i
v
e
k
ey
s
tag
es:
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
an
e
x
is
tin
g
m
o
b
il
e
web
s
ite,
r
ed
esig
n
in
g
th
e
in
t
er
f
ac
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
GDD
m
eth
o
d
,
r
e
-
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
r
ev
is
ed
v
er
s
io
n
,
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
r
in
g
u
s
ab
ilit
y
m
etr
ics
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
itial
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
v
e
r
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
u
tili
ze
d
b
o
th
ex
p
e
r
t
-
b
ased
(
i.
e.
,
co
g
n
itiv
e
walk
th
r
o
u
g
h
)
a
n
d
u
s
er
-
b
ased
(
i.e
.
,
th
in
k
-
a
lo
u
d
,
in
ter
v
iew,
a
n
d
PS
SUQ)
m
eth
o
d
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
u
s
ab
ilit
y
is
s
u
es
f
r
o
m
m
u
ltip
le
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
n
o
tab
le
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
in
u
s
ab
i
lity
af
ter
th
e
r
ed
esig
n
,
with
in
cr
ea
s
ed
v
alu
es
in
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
,
u
s
er
-
ce
n
ter
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
u
s
a
b
ilit
y
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
in
ter
f
ac
e
d
esig
n
.
Fo
r
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
,
esp
ec
ially
web
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
team
s
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
er
s
in
co
n
ten
t
-
d
r
iv
en
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
s
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
er
v
e
as
a
p
r
ac
tical
g
u
id
elin
e
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
m
o
b
ile
UI
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
-
b
ased
o
r
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
-
h
ea
v
y
p
latf
o
r
m
s
s
u
ch
as C
OR
E
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
Fro
m
a
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
s
tan
d
p
o
in
t,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
two
k
ey
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
th
at
ju
s
tify
its
r
ele
v
an
ce
f
o
r
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
p
u
b
licatio
n
.
First,
it
co
m
b
in
es
ex
p
er
t
-
b
ased
an
d
u
s
er
-
b
ased
ev
alu
atio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
in
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
s
eq
u
en
ce
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
GDD
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
Seco
n
d
,
it
e
m
p
h
asizes
iter
ativ
e
d
esig
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
ac
tu
al
u
s
er
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
—
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
till
u
n
d
e
r
u
tili
ze
d
in
m
an
y
u
s
ab
ilit
y
s
tu
d
ies
with
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
ese
asp
ec
ts
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
a
r
e
p
licab
le
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
u
s
ab
ilit
y
en
h
an
c
em
en
t th
at
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
c
an
ad
o
p
t
o
r
ad
a
p
t in
s
im
ilar
co
n
tex
ts
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
also
h
as
s
ev
er
al
lim
itatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
a
n
d
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
co
p
e
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
r
elativ
ely
n
ar
r
o
w,
w
h
ich
m
ay
lim
it
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
d
ata
co
llectio
n
was
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
b
y
s
u
b
jectiv
e
u
s
er
in
p
u
t
an
d
t
h
e
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
q
u
alitativ
e
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Var
iab
i
lity
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
’
d
esig
n
s
k
ills
an
d
lim
ited
ac
ce
s
s
to
alter
n
ativ
e
d
esig
n
v
alid
atio
n
to
o
ls
m
ay
h
av
e
also
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e.
Fu
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
co
u
ld
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
is
s
u
es
b
y
ex
p
an
d
i
n
g
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
d
iv
er
s
ity
,
em
p
lo
y
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
u
s
ab
ilit
y
m
etr
ics,
an
d
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
au
to
m
ated
u
s
ab
ilit
y
test
in
g
to
o
ls
.
I
n
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
e
m
p
ir
ical
ev
id
en
ce
t
h
at
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
,
u
s
er
-
ce
n
ter
ed
d
esig
n
a
n
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
an
ce
web
s
ite
u
s
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
f
er
ac
tio
n
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
an
d
a
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
aim
in
g
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
o
b
ile
web
in
ter
f
ac
es in
d
iv
er
s
e
d
o
m
ain
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
wo
u
ld
lik
e
to
e
x
p
r
ess
th
eir
s
in
ce
r
e
g
r
atitu
d
e
to
all
p
ar
ties
wh
o
co
n
tr
i
b
u
t
ed
to
th
e
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
S
p
ec
ial
th
an
k
s
ar
e
ex
te
n
d
ed
to
co
lleag
u
es
in
th
e
Facu
lt
y
o
f
Scien
ce
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
UI
N
Sy
ar
if
Hid
ay
atu
llah
an
d
r
ev
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r
s
wh
o
s
e
v
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ab
le
co
m
m
en
ts
an
d
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
h
elp
e
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
is
m
a
n
u
s
cr
ip
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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d
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Na
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Au
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s
s
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est.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
d
ata
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
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ar
e
av
aila
b
le
o
n
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eq
u
est
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
r
esp
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n
d
in
g
au
th
o
r
,
[
AS]
.
T
h
e
d
ata,
wh
ich
co
n
tain
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
a
t
co
u
ld
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
ar
e
n
o
t p
u
b
licly
a
v
ailab
le
d
u
e
to
ce
r
tain
r
estrictio
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
K
h
a
l
i
d
,
N
.
C
h
o
w
d
h
u
r
y
,
M
.
Z.
C
h
o
w
d
h
u
r
y
,
a
n
d
T
.
C
.
T
u
r
i
n
,
“
H
e
a
l
t
h
-
w
e
l
l
n
e
ss
r
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
o
n
C
a
n
a
d
i
a
n
i
mm
i
g
r
a
n
t
serv
i
c
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
r
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s’
w
e
b
s
i
t
e
s
:
A
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
,
n
a
v
i
g
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
u
sa
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
c
r
e
d
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
ser
v
i
c
e
&
a
ss
e
t
ma
p
p
i
n
g
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Mi
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
p
.
1
0
0
1
3
1
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
j
m
h
.
2
0
2
2
.
1
0
0
1
3
1
.
[
2
]
O
.
A
l
-
Ta
b
b
a
a
,
C
.
L
o
p
e
z
,
P
.
K
o
n
a
r
a
,
a
n
d
D
.
Le
a
c
h
,
“
N
o
n
p
r
o
f
i
t
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
a
l
-
a
l
l
i
a
n
c
e
p
o
r
t
f
o
l
i
o
si
z
e
:
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
w
e
b
si
t
e
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s,
”
I
n
d
u
st
r
i
a
l
Ma
r
k
e
t
i
n
g
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
9
3
,
p
p
.
1
4
7
–
1
6
0
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
n
d
mar
man
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
2
.
0
0
6
.
[
3
]
D
.
P
.
S
a
k
a
s
,
D
.
P
.
R
e
k
l
i
t
i
s,
N
.
T
.
G
i
a
n
n
a
k
o
p
o
u
l
o
s,
a
n
d
P
.
Tr
i
v
e
l
l
a
s,
“
Th
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
w
e
b
s
i
t
e
s
u
ser
e
n
g
a
g
e
me
n
t
o
n
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
o
f
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
c
o
m
p
e
t
i
t
i
v
e
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
a
n
d
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
b
r
a
n
d
n
a
me
i
n
l
o
g
i
st
i
c
s
s
t
a
r
t
u
p
s,
”
E
u
r
o
p
e
a
n
R
e
se
a
rc
h
o
n
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
Bu
s
i
n
e
ss
Ec
o
n
o
m
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
1
0
0
2
2
1
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
e
d
e
e
n
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
0
2
2
1
.
[
4
]
O
.
A
l
g
h
a
md
i
,
S
.
C
l
i
n
c
h
,
R
.
S
k
e
v
a
,
a
n
d
C
.
Ja
y
,
“
H
o
w
a
r
e
w
e
b
s
i
t
e
s
u
s
e
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
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1
7
]
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.
W
.
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l
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mari
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.
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a
masa
my
,
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D
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P
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[
1
8
]
M
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,
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.
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2
4
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5
.
[
1
9
]
A
.
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n
d
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M
.
S
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p
p
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D
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[
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0
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[
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1
]
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.
J
.
A
n
d
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s
o
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l
.
,
“
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.
[
2
2
]
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.
A
t
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m
,
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e
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[
2
3
]
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.
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.
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a
r
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l
.
,
“
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n
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[
2
4
]
N
.
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.
S
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t
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g
,
A
.
E.
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v
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n
d
M
.
E
.
I
r
h
e
b
h
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d
e
,
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A
c
o
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l
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si
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o
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v
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a
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q
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e
s,
”
Wo
r
l
d
J
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l
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t
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j
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r
.
1
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.
5
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2
2
.
[
2
5
]
M
.
F
a
r
z
a
n
d
i
p
o
u
r
,
E.
N
a
b
o
v
a
t
i
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
.
Ja
b
a
l
i
,
“
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o
mp
a
r
i
s
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o
f
u
sa
b
i
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t
y
e
v
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l
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a
t
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o
n
me
t
h
o
d
s
f
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r
a
h
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a
l
t
h
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
sy
s
t
e
m
:
h
e
u
r
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s
t
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c
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v
a
l
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t
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n
v
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l
k
t
h
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g
h
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
”
B
MC
Me
d
i
c
a
l
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
c
s
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n
d
D
e
c
i
s
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Ma
k
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g
,
v
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l
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2
,
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o
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p
.
1
5
7
,
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u
n
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9
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-
0
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2
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1
9
0
5
-
7.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Aa
n
g
S
u
b
i
y
a
k
to
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
u
n
d
e
r
g
ra
d
u
a
te
d
e
g
re
e
in
IS
in
2
0
0
3
,
m
a
ste
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
in
2
0
0
7
,
a
n
d
th
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
IS
fr
o
m
th
e
IIUM
,
M
a
lay
sia
in
2
0
1
8
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
As
so
c
iate
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
in
IS
,
UIN
S
y
a
rif
Hi
d
a
y
a
tu
l
lah
,
Ja
k
a
rta,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
He
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
lso
a
n
a
d
j
u
n
c
t
se
n
i
o
r
lec
tu
re
in
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
As
ia
e
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
M
a
lay
sia
,
si
n
c
e
2
0
2
1
.
His
m
a
in
r
e
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
fo
c
u
s
o
n
IS
,
so
c
ial
c
o
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
a
n
d
h
u
m
a
n
c
o
m
p
u
ter i
n
tera
c
ti
o
n
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
a
n
g
_
su
b
iy
a
k
to
@u
in
j
k
t.
a
c
.
id
.
Mu
h
a
m
m
a
d
R
.
Alg
h
ifa
r
i
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
first
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
UIN
S
y
a
rif
Hid
a
y
a
tu
l
lah
,
Ja
k
a
rta,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
in
2
0
2
4
.
He
is cu
rre
n
t
ly
u
n
d
e
rta
k
in
g
a
n
i
n
tern
sh
i
p
i
n
th
e
No
n
-
ERP
S
o
l
u
ti
o
n
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
t
P
T
.
P
e
rtam
in
a
(P
e
rse
ro
).
His
m
a
in
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
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y
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c
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larly
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u
m
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ter
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tera
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ti
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d
e
si
g
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e
r
).
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c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
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m
a
il
:
m
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
.
rid
h
o
a
1
9
@
m
h
s.u
in
jk
t.
a
c
.
i
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
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8
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7
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I
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,
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l.
15
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.
2
,
J
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20
26
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3
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642
Nury
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sin
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tu
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t
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y
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h
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k
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rta,
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d
o
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o
m
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lete
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h
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ste
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ter
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d
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th
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o
siti
o
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tu
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th
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e
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se
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n
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g
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m
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n
t
i
n
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rm
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ti
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n
sy
ste
m
s
(M
IS
),
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a
tab
a
se
sy
ste
m
s,
d
a
ta
m
i
n
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g
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a
n
d
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o
m
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tatio
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l
s
o
c
ial
sc
ien
c
e
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h
a
s
p
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b
li
s
h
e
d
2
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re
se
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rc
h
p
a
p
e
rs.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
n
u
r
y
a
in
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i
n
j
k
t.
a
c
.
id
.
Mu
h
a
m
m
a
d
Q
.
H
u
d
a
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is b
o
t
h
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
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o
m
p
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ter en
g
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e
e
rin
g
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n
d
m
a
ste
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
i
n
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
i
n
1
9
9
3
a
n
d
9
9
9
r
e
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
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h
o
ld
s
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
IT
fro
m
t
h
e
IIUM
,
i
n
2
0
1
7
.
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is
c
u
rre
n
t
ly
a
n
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ss
o
c
iate
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ro
fe
ss
o
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n
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
IT,
UIN
S
y
a
rif
Hid
a
y
a
t
u
ll
a
h
J
a
k
a
rta,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
His
m
a
in
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
fo
c
u
s
o
n
IS
,
IT
in
n
o
v
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ti
o
n
d
iffu
si
o
n
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
iza
ti
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n
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l
p
e
rfo
rm
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n
c
e
.
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c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
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q
o
m
a
ru
l@u
i
n
jk
t.
a
c
.
id
.
Na
shrul
H
a
k
iem
h
o
ld
s
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
c
o
m
p
u
ter
sc
ien
c
e
fro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsitas
G
a
d
jah
M
a
d
a
,
m
a
ste
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
in
fo
rm
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ti
c
s
fro
m
I
TB,
P
h
.
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i
n
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lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
c
o
m
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ter
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
th
e
I
IUM,
M
a
lay
sia
,
a
n
d
e
n
g
in
e
e
r
p
r
o
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
Dr.
Ir.
Ha
k
iem
is
a
n
As
so
c
iate
P
r
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e
ss
io
n
a
l
a
t
UIN
S
y
a
rif
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a
y
a
tu
ll
a
h
Ja
k
a
rta,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
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re
v
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sly
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h
e
wo
rk
e
d
i
n
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h
e
In
d
o
n
e
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n
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ro
sp
a
c
e
a
n
d
Ba
li
c
a
m
p
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
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re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
so
f
twa
re
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
so
ftwa
re
q
u
a
li
t
y
a
ss
u
r
a
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
c
y
b
e
rse
c
u
rit
y
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
h
a
k
iem
@u
in
j
k
t.
a
c
.
id
.
Viv
a
Ar
ifi
n
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ie
n
c
e
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
UIN
S
y
a
rif
Hid
a
y
a
t
u
ll
a
h
J
a
k
a
rta.
S
h
e
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
e
r
M
a
ste
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
s
in
2
0
0
1
a
n
d
l
a
ter
e
a
rn
e
d
h
e
r
P
h
.
D.
f
ro
m
th
e
In
tern
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ti
o
n
a
l
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sla
m
ic
Un
i
v
e
rsity
M
a
lay
sia
,
M
a
lay
sia
i
n
2
0
2
3
.
S
h
e
h
o
l
d
s
t
h
e
p
o
siti
o
n
o
f
se
n
i
o
r
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tu
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i
n
h
e
r
d
e
p
a
rtme
n
t
wit
h
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re
a
s
o
f
e
x
p
e
r
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se
in
c
l
u
d
e
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
sy
ste
m
to
o
ls,
IT
se
rv
ice
s
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
a
m
o
n
g
o
th
e
rs.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
v
iv
a
_
a
rifi
n
@u
in
j
k
t.
a
c
.
id
.
Dw
i
Yun
i
a
r
to
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
fi
rst
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
P
a
d
jad
jara
n
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
in
1
9
9
9
.
He
h
a
s
a
lso
m
a
ste
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
S
TT
I
BI
Ja
k
a
rta,
In
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
,
in
2
0
0
8
.
T
h
e
P
h
.
D
.
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
th
e
ICT
i
n
As
ia
E
Un
iv
e
rsity
(AEU)
M
a
lay
s
ia,
M
a
l
a
y
sia
in
2
0
2
2
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
t
ly
a
c
o
m
p
u
ter
sc
ien
c
e
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r.
His
m
a
in
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
tere
sts
fo
c
u
s
o
n
h
u
m
a
n
-
c
o
m
p
u
ter
in
tera
c
ti
o
n
,
so
c
ial
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
a
n
d
IT
risk
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
t
a
c
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
d
wiy
u
n
iarto
@
u
n
s
a
p
.
a
c
.
id
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
E
va
lu
a
tin
g
u
s
er e
xp
erien
ce
o
f
a
mo
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ile
w
eb
s
ite
a
n
d
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ed
esig
n
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its
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er in
terf
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ce
…
(
A
a
n
g
S
u
b
iya
kt
o
)
643
H
a
d
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h
m
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ly
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p
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c
ially
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d
i
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lso
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rm
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h
e
lo
n
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fficia
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m
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istry
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g
2
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4
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c
iv
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l
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n
ts
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ro
ss
4
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5
9
3
u
n
it
s.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
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h
e
is
tak
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
ro
le
o
f
B
u
sin
e
ss
De
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
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c
to
r
a
t
CORE
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
.
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c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
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a
d
irah
m
a
n
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re
in
d
o
n
e
sia
.
o
r
g
.
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o
spo
r
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a
n
g
s
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wa
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is
a
n
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sista
n
t
P
ro
f
e
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t
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e
De
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Tec
h
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ica
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c
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ti
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n
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jam
a
n
g
a
la
Un
iv
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r
sity
o
f
Tec
h
n
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lo
g
y
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h
a
n
y
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b
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UTT)
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d
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se
rv
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Tec
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e
d
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h
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h
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tac
ted
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m
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sth
o
s
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n
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u
tt
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a
c
.
t
h
.
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e
e
m
Ata
n
d
a
Ba
l
o
g
u
n
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d
h
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f
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d
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in
c
o
m
p
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ter
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n
c
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n
2
0
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fro
m
th
e
Us
m
a
n
u
Da
n
f
o
d
i
y
o
Un
i
v
e
rsity
S
o
k
o
to
,
Ni
g
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ria,
M
a
ste
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n
d
P
h
.
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i
n
in
fo
rm
a
ti
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tec
h
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l
o
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y
in
2
0
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a
n
d
2
0
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6
fro
m
t
h
e
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Is
lam
ic
Un
iv
e
rsity
M
a
lay
sia
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
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is
c
u
rre
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tl
y
a
ss
o
c
iate
p
ro
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ss
o
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in
f
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h
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