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[
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–
[
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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v
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a
t
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a
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m
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al
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b
i
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l
B
a
li
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n
d
o
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e
s
i
a
n
l
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k
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p
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L
a
t
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a
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e
U
n
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o
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t
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s
p
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c
h
-
l
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o
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,
p
a
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-
of
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p
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h
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i
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a
n
d
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d
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e
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r
c
h
.
T
h
e
p
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t
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s
r
o
l
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-
b
a
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d
w
o
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k
f
l
o
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s
f
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p
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p
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n
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,
v
a
l
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d
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t
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n
g
,
a
n
d
a
d
m
i
n
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s
t
e
r
i
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g
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n
t
r
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,
a
n
d
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s
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m
p
l
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m
e
n
t
e
d
wi
t
h
a
r
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la
t
i
o
n
a
l
d
at
a
b
a
s
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t
o
s
u
p
p
o
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t
m
a
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n
t
a
i
n
a
b
il
i
t
y
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
o
p
e
r
a
b
i
l
it
y
.
T
o
a
s
s
es
s
u
s
e
r
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
r
e
a
d
i
n
e
s
s
,
w
e
a
p
p
l
y
th
e
I
T
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
b
y
M
o
o
r
e
a
n
d
B
e
n
b
a
s
a
t
[
1
0
]
,
a
d
ap
t
i
n
g
i
t
s
s
e
v
e
n
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
ts
(
v
o
l
u
n
t
a
r
i
n
e
s
s
,
r
e
l
at
i
v
e
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
,
co
m
p
a
t
i
b
i
l
it
y
,
i
m
a
g
e
,
e
a
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
,
r
e
s
u
lt
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
b
il
i
t
y
,
v
is
i
b
i
li
t
y
)
.
F
o
r
t
y
r
es
p
o
n
d
en
t
s
u
s
e
d
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
o
c
o
m
p
l
e
te
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
t
a
s
k
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
a
n
s
w
e
r
e
d
a
7
-
p
o
i
n
t
L
i
k
e
r
t
-
s
c
a
l
e
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
a
n
i
n
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t
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a
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m
p
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r
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ca
l
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w
o
f
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
p
e
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p
t
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o
n
s
a
n
d
a
r
e
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s
f
o
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m
p
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o
v
e
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
i
)
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
,
ii
)
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
es
u
s
e
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p
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c
e
p
t
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o
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s
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s
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g
t
h
e
I
T
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
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o
n
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
l
e
n
s
,
a
n
d
iii
)
d
e
r
i
v
e
s
i
m
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
d
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g
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t
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l
d
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ct
i
o
n
a
r
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s
u
p
p
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o
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d
v
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er
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b
l
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a
n
g
u
a
g
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s
.
T
h
e
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e
m
a
i
n
d
e
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o
f
t
h
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p
a
p
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s
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g
a
n
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d
as
f
o
l
l
o
w
s
.
S
e
ct
i
o
n
2
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
r
e
l
at
e
d
w
o
r
k
o
n
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
a
r
ie
s
,
s
o
ci
o
-
t
e
c
h
n
i
ca
l
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
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e
s
o
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e
s
,
a
n
d
I
T
a
d
o
p
t
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o
n
-
o
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i
e
n
t
e
d
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
.
S
e
c
ti
o
n
3
p
r
es
e
n
ts
t
h
e
r
es
e
a
r
c
h
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
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o
g
y
an
d
s
t
u
d
y
d
es
i
g
n
.
S
e
c
ti
o
n
4
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
es
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
d
e
s
i
g
n
,
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
ts
,
f
o
l
l
o
w
e
d
b
y
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
i
r
i
m
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
Se
c
t
i
o
n
5
c
o
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
t
h
e
p
a
p
e
r
,
o
u
t
li
n
e
s
lim
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
s
d
i
r
e
c
t
io
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
.
2.
B
ACK
G
RO
UND
AN
D
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
Dig
ital
lan
g
u
ag
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
s
u
ch
as
o
n
lin
e
d
ictio
n
ar
ies
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
u
n
d
e
r
s
to
o
d
as
s
o
cio
-
tech
n
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
wh
o
s
e
s
u
cc
es
s
d
ep
en
d
s
n
o
t
o
n
ly
o
n
lex
ical
co
v
er
ag
e,
b
u
t
also
o
n
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
an
d
u
s
er
ac
ce
p
t
an
ce
.
Ar
ias
-
B
ad
ia
an
d
T
o
r
n
er
[
1
1
]
s
h
o
w
th
at
ac
ce
s
s
to
lex
ical
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
o
n
lin
e
d
ictio
n
ar
ies
is
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
web
s
ite
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
d
esig
n
.
B
ar
h
a
m
an
d
C
lar
k
e
[
1
2
]
f
u
r
th
er
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
d
ictio
n
ar
y
ap
p
s
a
r
e
u
s
ed
in
s
itu
ated
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
-
ce
n
ter
ed
way
s
t
h
at
ex
ten
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
s
im
p
le
wo
r
d
lo
o
k
u
p
,
wh
ile
Fer
r
ett
an
d
Do
llin
g
er
[
1
3
]
s
h
o
w
th
at
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
ies
ar
e
n
o
t
au
to
m
atica
lly
s
u
p
er
io
r
t
o
p
r
in
t
v
er
s
io
n
s
in
e
v
er
y
r
esp
ec
t,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
an
d
p
r
esen
tatio
n
s
till
m
atter
.
Kh
alilia
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
ar
ticip
ato
r
y
an
d
cr
o
wd
s
o
u
r
ce
d
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
lex
ical
-
r
eso
u
r
ce
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
an
d
Pias
ec
k
i
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
ar
g
u
e
m
o
r
e
b
r
o
ad
ly
f
o
r
u
s
er
-
ce
n
ter
ed
l
an
g
u
ag
e
-
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
Fro
m
a
h
u
m
a
n
-
co
m
p
u
te
r
in
ter
ac
tio
n
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
An
d
r
ad
e
-
Ar
e
n
as
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
illu
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
web
-
b
ased
ev
alu
ati
o
n
ca
n
h
elp
id
en
tif
y
in
ter
f
ac
e
wea
k
n
ess
es
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
iter
a
tiv
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t.
T
ak
en
to
g
et
h
er
,
th
ese
s
tu
d
ie
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
ies
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ev
alu
ated
n
o
t
o
n
ly
as
lex
ical
ar
tef
ac
ts
,
b
u
t
also
as
in
ter
ac
ti
v
e
s
y
s
tem
s
em
b
ed
d
e
d
in
r
ea
l
u
s
er
p
r
ac
tices.
Han
an
d
d
e
Sch
r
y
v
er
[
1
7
]
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
h
o
w
th
at
in
th
e
er
a
o
f
g
en
er
ativ
e
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
A
I
)
,
u
s
er
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
co
m
p
ar
e
d
ictio
n
ar
ies
with
o
th
er
lan
g
u
a
g
e
-
s
er
v
ice
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
ex
p
ec
t
lex
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
at
is
m
o
r
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
an
d
co
n
tex
t
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
th
an
tr
ad
itio
n
al
l
o
o
k
u
p
alo
n
e.
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
d
ictio
n
a
r
ies
also
r
eq
u
ir
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
m
u
ltil
in
g
u
al
h
a
n
d
lin
g
,
in
clu
d
in
g
cr
o
s
s
-
lan
g
u
ag
e
lo
o
k
u
p
,
m
u
lti
-
s
cr
ip
t
r
e
p
r
esen
t
atio
n
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
am
b
ig
u
o
u
s
o
r
v
ar
iab
le
u
s
er
q
u
er
ies
.
Kad
ir
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
s
h
o
w
th
at
q
u
e
r
y
am
b
ig
u
ity
r
e
m
ain
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
allen
g
e
in
lan
g
u
a
g
e
-
o
r
ie
n
ted
s
ea
r
ch
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
ile
Ny
ein
an
d
So
e
[
1
9
]
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
tech
n
ical
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
h
an
d
lin
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ally
d
if
f
er
en
t
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
air
s
in
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
lan
g
u
a
g
e
p
r
o
c
ess
in
g
.
I
n
th
e
B
alin
ese
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
esian
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
u
c
h
to
o
ls
is
in
ten
s
if
ied
b
y
o
n
g
o
in
g
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
h
if
t,
lim
ited
d
ig
ital
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
n
d
ig
ital
p
latf
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
[
1
]
–
[
5
]
.
B
alin
ese
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
ig
ital
in
itiativ
es
h
av
e
alr
ea
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
cr
ip
t
an
d
lan
g
u
ag
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
th
is
ar
ea
.
Pra
m
ar
t
h
a
an
d
Dwid
asm
ar
a
[
2
0
]
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
a
n
o
n
-
QW
E
R
T
Y
k
ey
b
o
ar
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t,
an
d
Pra
m
ar
th
a
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
p
r
esen
t
an
ea
r
l
y
d
ig
ital
-
h
u
m
an
ities
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
f
o
r
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
u
s
e.
B
ey
o
n
d
B
ali,
Pra
m
ar
th
a
et
a
l.
[
2
2
]
s
h
o
w
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
E
n
g
g
an
o
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
y
p
r
o
ject
th
at
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
d
ictio
n
ar
y
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
p
r
ac
tical
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
f
o
r
lan
g
u
ag
e
m
a
in
ten
an
ce
,
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
,
an
d
wid
er
d
i
g
ital
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
ies,
s
c
r
ip
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
a
n
d
r
elate
d
lan
g
u
ag
e
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
wh
ile
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
p
er
s
is
ten
t
ch
allen
g
es
s
u
ch
as
o
r
th
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
v
ar
iatio
n
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
lex
ical
co
m
p
leten
ess
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
q
u
ality
,
a
n
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
A
b
r
o
ad
e
r
s
y
s
tem
s
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
n
ee
d
ed
.
Hed
ela
n
d
[
2
3
]
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
d
ig
it
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es m
u
s
t su
p
p
o
r
t d
i
v
er
s
e
u
s
ag
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
r
ath
er
t
h
an
ass
u
m
in
g
a
s
in
g
le
s
tab
le
u
s
er
n
ee
d
.
So
n
y
a
n
d
Naik
[
2
4
]
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
s
o
cio
-
t
ec
h
n
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
am
o
n
g
tech
n
ical
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ar
r
a
n
g
em
en
ts
,
an
d
h
u
m
an
p
r
ac
tices,
wh
ile
T
ax
én
[
2
5
]
ar
g
u
es
th
at
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
s
o
cio
-
tec
h
n
ical
an
aly
s
is
m
u
s
t
r
etain
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
u
s
er
s
with
in
t
h
e
s
e
lar
g
er
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ap
p
lie
d
to
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
ies,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
C
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p
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I
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N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Desig
n
in
g
a
n
d
ev
a
lu
a
tin
g
a
c
o
mmu
n
ity
-
b
a
s
ed
d
ig
ita
l d
ictio
n
a
r
y
s
ystem
…
(
C
o
ko
r
d
a
P
r
a
ma
r
th
a
)
1371
th
ese
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
s
u
g
g
est
th
a
t
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
u
tco
m
es
ar
e
s
h
ap
ed
n
o
t
o
n
ly
b
y
lex
ical
d
ata
a
n
d
in
ter
f
a
ce
d
esig
n
,
b
u
t
also
b
y
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
u
s
er
r
o
u
tin
es,
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
m
o
d
els,
an
d
th
e
v
is
ib
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
latf
o
r
m
with
in
b
r
o
ad
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Desp
ite
th
is
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
f
o
r
m
a
l
I
T
ad
o
p
tio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
r
em
ain
u
n
d
er
u
s
ed
in
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
y
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Mu
c
h
o
f
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
ex
am
in
es
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
in
ter
f
ac
e
q
u
ality
,
m
u
l
tili
n
g
u
al
h
an
d
lin
g
,
s
cr
ip
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
lex
ical
c
o
v
er
ag
e,
o
r
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
o
u
tc
o
m
es,
b
u
t
c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
el
y
litt
le
wo
r
k
ev
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u
ates
wh
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u
s
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s
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ce
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as
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o
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th
at
is
ad
v
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s
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m
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atib
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with
th
eir
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o
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tin
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ea
s
y
to
u
s
e,
s
o
cially
v
is
ib
le,
an
d
wo
r
t
h
co
n
tin
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e
d
u
p
tak
e.
T
h
is
g
ap
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
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wh
er
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
v
alu
e
d
e
p
en
d
s
n
o
t
o
n
ly
o
n
lin
g
u
is
tic
co
r
r
ec
tn
ess
an
d
tech
n
ical
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
,
b
u
t
also
o
n
wh
et
h
er
u
s
er
s
ac
ce
p
t
an
d
in
teg
r
ate
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
to
e
v
er
y
d
ay
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
p
r
ac
tice.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
g
ap
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
p
o
s
itio
n
s
th
e
B
alin
ese
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
y
as
an
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
s
o
cio
-
tech
n
ical
ar
tef
ac
t
a
n
d
ap
p
lies
Mo
o
r
e
a
n
d
B
en
b
as
at’
s
I
T
in
n
o
v
atio
n
ad
o
p
tio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
[
1
0
]
to
ex
am
in
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
r
ea
d
in
ess
alo
n
g
s
id
e
m
u
ltil
in
g
u
al
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
co
m
m
u
n
ity
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
an
d
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
-
o
r
ien
ted
d
esig
n
.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
3
.
1
.
O
v
er
a
ll
a
pp
ro
a
ch
(
des
ig
n science
re
s
ea
rc
h m
et
ho
do
lo
g
y
)
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ts
th
e
d
esig
n
s
cien
ce
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
(
DSR
M)
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
to
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
th
e
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
i
ter
ativ
e
ar
tef
ac
t
d
esig
n
a
n
d
e
m
p
ir
ical
ev
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
b
e
g
in
s
with
p
r
o
b
l
em
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
d
ef
in
in
g
t
h
e
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
a
s
o
lu
tio
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as
r
eq
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ir
e
m
en
ts
d
e
r
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
s
tak
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o
ld
e
r
n
ee
d
s
.
W
e
th
en
co
n
d
u
ct
d
esig
n
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
to
b
u
ild
th
e
B
alin
ese
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
y
as
a
s
o
cio
-
tech
n
ical
ar
tef
ac
t
,
d
escr
ib
in
g
its
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
a
n
d
k
ey
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
s
h
o
win
g
h
o
w
th
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical,
lin
g
u
is
tic,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
alig
n
ed
.
T
h
e
ar
tef
ac
t
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
task
s
ess
io
n
s
th
at
s
im
u
late
r
ea
lis
tic
u
s
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
W
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
p
er
f
o
r
m
ev
alu
atio
n
u
s
in
g
a
n
ad
ap
ted
I
T
in
n
o
v
atio
n
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
s
t
r
u
m
en
t
b
y
Mo
o
r
e
a
n
d
B
en
b
asat
to
ass
e
s
s
u
s
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
s
ev
en
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
—
v
o
lu
n
tar
in
ess
,
r
elativ
e
ad
v
an
tag
e,
c
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
i
m
ag
e,
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
r
esu
lt
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
v
is
ib
ilit
y
—
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
r
elia
b
ilit
y
ch
ec
k
s
an
d
co
m
p
lem
e
n
ted
b
y
task
-
b
ased
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
.
Fin
ally
,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
em
p
h
asizes
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
y
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
th
e
ar
tef
ac
t,
th
e
d
esig
n
r
atio
n
ale,
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
u
tco
m
es,
an
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
d
esig
n
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
s
im
ilar
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
o
r
ien
te
d
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
is
e
x
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
r
ath
er
th
a
n
c
o
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
:
its
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
is
t
o
g
e
n
er
ate
ea
r
ly
e
m
p
ir
ical
in
s
ig
h
t
i
n
to
u
s
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
ar
tifa
c
t,
id
en
tify
d
esig
n
s
tr
en
g
t
h
s
an
d
b
o
ttlen
ec
k
s
,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
r
ef
in
e
m
en
t
o
f
b
o
t
h
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
th
e
ev
a
lu
atio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Desig
n
s
cien
ce
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
(
DSR
M)
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ad
o
p
ted
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
3
.
2
.
Ca
s
e
c
o
nte
x
t
a
nd
pa
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
ca
s
e
s
y
s
tem
is
th
e
B
alin
e
s
e
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
y
web
s
ite
.
At
th
e
tim
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
was
alr
ea
d
y
p
u
b
licly
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
an
d
co
n
tain
ed
a
g
r
o
win
g
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
en
tr
ies
co
v
e
r
in
g
b
asic
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
,
e
x
am
p
le
s
en
ten
ce
s
an
d
s
p
ee
ch
-
lev
el
a
n
n
o
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
ite
h
ad
b
ee
n
an
n
o
u
n
ce
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
ch
an
n
els,
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
g
r
o
u
p
s
in
ter
ested
in
B
alin
ese
lan
g
u
ag
e
an
d
cu
ltu
r
e.
Fo
r
th
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
,
4
0
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
wer
e
r
ec
r
u
ite
d
v
ia
o
n
li
n
e
ch
an
n
els,
p
er
s
o
n
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
an
n
o
u
n
ce
m
en
ts
in
B
alin
ese
lan
g
u
a
g
e
–
r
elate
d
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
Par
ticip
atio
n
was
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
.
Pro
s
p
ec
tiv
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
ask
ed
to
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
web
s
ite,
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
s
et
o
f
ty
p
ical
task
s
—
s
u
ch
as
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
f
o
r
B
alin
ese
wo
r
d
s
,
v
ie
win
g
s
p
ee
ch
lev
els,
r
ea
d
in
g
e
x
am
p
le
s
en
ten
ce
s
in
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t,
tr
y
in
g
th
e
r
elate
d
-
wo
r
d
s
ea
r
ch
an
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
“su
g
g
est
a
n
ew
wo
r
d
”
f
ea
tu
r
e
—
an
d
th
e
n
co
m
p
lete
an
o
n
lin
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
in
clu
d
e
d
u
s
er
s
with
v
ar
y
i
n
g
f
a
m
iliar
ity
with
B
alin
ese
an
d
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
(
e.
g
.
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
teac
h
er
s
,
co
m
m
u
n
ity
m
em
b
er
s
)
.
So
m
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
id
en
tifie
d
th
em
s
elv
es
as
r
elativ
ely
f
lu
en
t
s
p
ea
k
er
s
wh
o
wan
ted
a
d
ict
io
n
ar
y
to
ch
ec
k
s
p
ellin
g
o
r
s
p
ee
ch
lev
els,
wh
ile
o
th
er
s
wer
e
lear
n
e
r
s
wh
o
u
s
ed
th
e
d
ictio
n
ar
y
to
ex
p
a
n
d
th
eir
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
ize
is
m
o
d
est,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
in
itial
s
n
ap
s
h
o
t
o
f
u
s
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
a
d
iv
er
s
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
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T
h
e
f
in
al
d
ataset
th
u
s
co
m
p
r
is
ed
N
=
4
0
co
m
p
lete
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
3
6
9
-
1
3
8
1
1372
3
.
3
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
u
s
ed
t
h
e
I
T
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
Ad
o
p
tio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
b
y
Mo
o
r
e
a
n
d
B
en
b
asat,
a
d
ap
ted
f
o
r
th
e
B
alin
ese
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
y
.
I
tem
s
wer
e
tr
an
s
lated
a
n
d
lo
ca
lized
in
to
I
n
d
o
n
esian
wh
ile
p
r
eser
v
in
g
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
m
ea
n
in
g
s
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
r
ated
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
o
n
a
7
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
(
1
=
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
;
7
=
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
)
.
Vo
lu
n
ta
r
in
ess
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
with
tw
o
item
s
o
n
wh
eth
er
u
s
e
was
o
p
tio
n
al.
R
elativ
e
Ad
v
an
tag
e
u
s
ed
f
iv
e
item
s
o
n
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
en
e
f
its
o
v
er
alter
n
ativ
es.
C
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
in
clu
d
e
d
th
r
ee
item
s
o
n
f
i
t
with
u
s
er
s
’
n
ee
d
s
an
d
r
o
u
tin
e
s
.
I
m
ag
e
was
ass
ess
ed
with
th
r
ee
item
s
o
n
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
s
o
cia
l
v
alu
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
E
ase
o
f
u
s
e
co
m
p
r
is
ed
f
o
u
r
item
s
o
n
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
cl
ar
ity
an
d
lear
n
in
g
e
f
f
o
r
t.
R
esu
lt
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ab
ilit
y
u
s
ed
f
o
u
r
item
s
o
n
h
o
w
v
is
ib
le
an
d
ex
p
lain
a
b
le
th
e
b
en
ef
its
ar
e,
an
d
Vis
ib
ilit
y
h
ad
two
item
s
o
n
h
o
w
wid
ely
k
n
o
wn
th
e
d
ictio
n
ar
y
is
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
also
g
ath
er
e
d
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ics,
b
r
ief
task
-
b
ased
q
u
esti
o
n
s
o
n
wo
r
d
s
ea
r
ch
an
d
th
e
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
f
ea
tu
r
e,
a
n
d
o
p
en
-
en
d
e
d
co
m
m
en
t
s
.
R
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
ex
p
o
r
ted
to
a
s
p
r
ea
d
s
h
ee
t
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
with
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tat
is
tics
(
m
ea
n
s
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
s
)
b
y
item
a
n
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ct,
wh
ile
q
u
alitativ
e
co
m
m
en
ts
wer
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
d
i
n
to
r
ec
u
r
r
in
g
t
h
em
es to
co
n
tex
tu
alize
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
3
.
4
.
Va
lid
it
y
,
re
lia
bil
it
y
a
nd
et
hica
l c
o
ns
idera
t
io
ns
Sev
er
al
s
tep
s
wer
e
tak
en
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
.
Fir
s
t,
th
e
I
T
in
n
o
v
atio
n
ad
o
p
tio
n
item
s
wer
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
a
v
alid
ate
d
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
an
d
o
n
ly
m
in
im
a
lly
ad
ap
ted
f
o
r
th
e
B
alin
ese
d
ictio
n
ar
y
c
o
n
tex
t,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
.
Se
co
n
d
,
item
s
wer
e
p
h
r
ased
clea
r
ly
an
d
c
o
n
s
is
ten
tly
in
I
n
d
o
n
esian
to
r
ed
u
ce
am
b
i
g
u
ity
f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
with
v
ar
y
in
g
le
v
els
o
f
E
n
g
lis
h
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
ir
d
,
we
ex
am
in
ed
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
f
o
r
ea
c
h
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
s
in
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
.
T
h
e
c
o
ef
f
ici
en
ts
wer
e
h
ig
h
f
o
r
v
o
lu
n
tar
in
ess
(
α
=
0
.
9
3
)
,
r
elati
v
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
(
α
=
0
.
8
4
)
,
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
(
α
=
0
.
8
3
)
,
im
a
g
e
(
α
=
0
.
8
3
)
a
n
d
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
(
α
=
0
.
9
3
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
t
r
o
n
g
in
ter
n
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
f
o
r
t
h
ese
s
ca
les.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
r
esu
lt
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ab
ilit
y
(
α
=
0
.
4
8
)
an
d
v
is
ib
ilit
y
(
α
=
0
.
3
0
)
s
h
o
wed
lo
wer
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
ar
e
th
er
ef
o
r
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
m
o
r
e
ca
u
tio
u
s
ly
as
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
i
n
d
icato
r
s
.
Fro
m
a
n
eth
ical
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
v
o
l
u
n
ta
r
y
a
n
d
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
i
d
n
o
t
co
ll
ec
t
p
er
s
o
n
ally
i
d
en
tifia
b
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
we
r
e
f
r
ee
t
o
s
k
ip
a
n
y
q
u
esti
o
n
s
th
ey
d
id
n
o
t
wis
h
t
o
an
s
wer
o
r
to
s
to
p
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
at
an
y
tim
e.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
with
i
n
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
o
f
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
-
b
ased
r
esear
c
h
o
n
d
ig
i
tal
to
o
ls
f
o
r
lo
ca
l
lan
g
u
a
g
es
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
lied
with
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
g
u
id
elin
es f
o
r
lo
w
-
r
is
k
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esear
c
h
in
v
o
lv
i
n
g
h
u
m
an
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
Desig
n a
nd
d
ev
elo
pm
ent
T
h
e
B
alin
ese
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
y
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
is
p
a
p
er
is
an
o
n
g
o
in
g
web
-
b
ased
in
itiativ
e.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
d
ep
lo
y
ed
o
n
a
clo
u
d
s
er
v
er
an
d
o
r
g
an
ized
i
n
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
t
h
r
ee
-
tier
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
s
ep
ar
atin
g
th
e
u
s
e
r
in
ter
f
ac
e,
ap
p
licatio
n
lo
g
ic
a
n
d
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
A
web
f
r
o
n
ten
d
h
a
n
d
l
es
u
s
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
co
m
m
u
n
icate
s
with
a
R
E
STf
u
l
b
ac
k
en
d
s
er
v
ice,
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
es
a
r
elatio
n
al
d
atab
ase
th
at
s
t
o
r
es
lex
ical
en
tr
ies,
m
etad
ata,
an
d
u
s
er
-
r
elate
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
is
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
h
ig
h
av
ailab
ilit
y
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
d
ictio
n
ar
y
q
u
er
ies
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lev
els
o
f
tr
af
f
ic.
T
o
s
u
s
tain
a
liv
in
g
,
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
f
ac
in
g
s
er
v
ice
r
ath
er
th
a
n
a
s
tatic
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e,
th
e
p
r
o
ject
a
d
o
p
ts
an
iter
ativ
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
So
u
r
ce
co
d
e
is
m
ain
tain
ed
in
a
v
er
s
io
n
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
a
n
d
in
teg
r
ated
with
a
s
im
p
le
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
in
t
eg
r
atio
n
/co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
(
C
I
/C
D)
wo
r
k
f
lo
w.
E
ac
h
c
h
an
g
e
to
t
h
e
co
d
e
b
ase
is
au
to
m
atica
lly
b
u
ilt
an
d
test
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
to
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
er
v
er
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
d
o
wn
tim
e
an
d
en
a
b
lin
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
t,
in
cr
em
e
n
tal
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
.
T
h
is
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
alig
n
s
with
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
g
o
al
o
f
m
ain
tain
in
g
a
r
eliab
le,
u
s
ab
le
p
latf
o
r
m
th
at
ca
n
ev
o
lv
e
with
em
er
g
in
g
n
ee
d
s
an
d
u
s
er
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
T
h
e
d
ictio
n
a
r
y
c
o
n
ten
t
its
elf
is
cu
r
ated
a
n
d
e
x
p
an
d
ed
o
v
er
tim
e.
I
n
itial
en
tr
ies
ar
e
s
e
ed
ed
f
r
o
m
ex
is
tin
g
lex
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
d
o
cu
m
en
tatio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
,
b
u
t
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
is
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
to
g
r
a
d
u
ally
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
n
ew
h
ea
d
wo
r
d
s
,
s
en
s
es,
ex
am
p
les,
an
d
u
s
ag
e
n
o
tes.
T
h
e
f
o
cu
s
is
o
n
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
co
v
er
ag
e
o
f
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
B
alin
ese
wh
ile
s
till
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ati
n
g
o
l
d
er
o
r
less
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
u
s
ed
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
.
E
ac
h
en
tr
y
ca
n
in
clu
d
e
m
u
ltip
le
s
cr
ip
ts
(
L
atin
an
d
B
alin
ese
Un
i
co
d
e)
,
s
p
ee
c
h
-
lev
el
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
p
ar
t
-
of
-
s
p
ee
ch
tag
s
,
an
d
r
elate
d
w
o
r
d
lin
k
s
,
allo
win
g
u
s
er
s
to
e
x
p
lo
r
e
th
e
lan
g
u
a
g
e
in
m
o
r
e
d
ep
th
as
th
e
c
o
r
p
u
s
g
r
o
ws.
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
is
c
en
tr
al
to
th
e
p
r
o
ject’
s
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
.
E
ar
ly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atio
n
s
to
teac
h
er
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
lan
g
u
ag
e
ac
tiv
i
s
ts
g
en
er
ated
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
in
t
er
f
ac
e
clar
ity
,
s
ea
r
c
h
b
e
h
av
io
r
,
an
d
lex
ical
g
ap
s
.
T
h
is
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
g
u
id
e
d
s
ev
er
al
d
esig
n
r
ev
is
io
n
s
,
s
u
ch
a
s
r
eo
r
g
an
izin
g
m
en
u
item
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
ea
r
ch
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
,
an
d
clar
if
y
i
n
g
h
o
w
s
p
ee
ch
lev
els
an
d
p
ar
ts
o
f
s
p
ee
ch
ar
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
.
Ov
er
tim
e,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
will
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
r
ely
o
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
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m
tr
ain
e
d
v
o
lu
n
teer
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d
d
o
m
ain
ex
p
e
r
ts
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r
ef
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e
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ef
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itio
n
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,
ad
d
ex
am
p
les,
an
d
v
alid
ate
n
ew
en
tr
ies,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
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d
ictio
n
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r
e
m
ain
s
b
o
th
lin
g
u
is
tically
s
o
u
n
d
an
d
s
o
cially
r
elev
an
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
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8
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Desig
n
in
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ictio
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sy
s
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ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
o
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e
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u
d
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ased
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alin
ese
d
ig
ital d
ictio
n
ar
y
p
latf
o
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m
T
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t
t
h
e
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ig
h
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lev
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tem
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ch
itectu
r
e,
Fig
u
r
e
3
p
r
esen
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th
e
o
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e
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atio
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k
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lo
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Fig
u
r
e
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s
h
o
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co
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ac
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ce
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t
o
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ata
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el.
T
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e
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r
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s
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ates
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o
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th
e
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u
p
p
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ce
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,
in
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ich
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er
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u
er
ies
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h
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o
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g
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r
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E
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l
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d
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e
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etr
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g
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tr
u
ctu
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ical
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ata
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r
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ase,
a
n
d
th
e
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n
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ich
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r
o
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o
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ies
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r
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r
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n
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th
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o
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g
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ev
iew
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u
b
licatio
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tag
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T
h
e
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ch
em
a
ex
ce
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p
t
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ig
h
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h
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e
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ain
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u
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al
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ical
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ip
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ep
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is
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o
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ased
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s
,
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d
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m
m
u
n
ity
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alid
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n
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Op
e
r
atio
n
al
wo
r
k
f
lo
w
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
B
a
lin
ese
d
ig
ital d
ictio
n
ar
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
0
8
8
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8
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I
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lec
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u
r
e
4
.
Data
b
ase
s
ch
em
a
e
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ce
r
p
t
4
.
2
.
L
ex
ica
l
m
o
del a
nd
m
ult
i
-
s
cr
ipt
re
presenta
t
io
n
T
h
e
B
alin
ese
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
a
r
y
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
b
i
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
lo
o
k
u
p
b
etwe
en
B
alin
ese
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
esian
.
E
ac
h
en
tr
y
ca
n
b
e
s
to
r
ed
a
n
d
s
ea
r
ch
ed
with
ei
th
er
lan
g
u
ag
e
as
s
o
u
r
ce
o
r
ta
r
g
et.
Fo
r
B
alin
ese
en
tr
ies,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
ain
tain
s
two
o
r
th
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
: L
atin
s
cr
ip
t,
wh
ich
is
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
ev
e
r
y
d
a
y
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
esian
-
lan
g
u
a
g
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
a
n
d
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
e
n
co
d
e
d
in
Un
ico
d
e
,
wh
ic
h
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
p
r
o
p
er
d
ig
ital
r
e
n
d
e
r
in
g
an
d
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
p
r
e
s
er
v
in
g
th
e
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
wr
itin
g
s
y
s
tem
an
d
f
o
r
in
ter
o
p
er
atin
g
with
o
t
h
er
Un
ico
d
e
-
b
ased
to
o
ls
.
User
s
ca
n
s
ee
B
alin
ese
wo
r
d
s
an
d
ex
am
p
le
s
en
ten
ce
s
in
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t,
en
ab
lin
g
th
em
to
co
n
n
ec
t
p
r
o
n
u
n
ciatio
n
a
n
d
m
ea
n
in
g
with
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
ate
g
r
ap
h
em
ic
f
o
r
m
an
d
e
n
co
u
r
ag
in
g
liter
ac
y
in
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
cr
ip
t.
T
h
e
d
atab
ase
s
ch
em
a
in
clu
d
es
f
iel
d
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
cr
ip
t,
lan
g
u
ag
e
co
d
es
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
,
allo
win
g
th
e
s
am
e
co
n
ce
p
t
to
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t e
n
tr
y
ty
p
es.
4
.
3
.
Sp
ee
ch
l
ev
els
A
ce
n
tr
al
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
B
alin
ese
i
s
it
s
s
y
s
tem
o
f
s
p
ee
ch
lev
els,
wh
ich
en
co
d
e
s
o
cial
r
elatio
n
s
,
p
o
liten
ess
an
d
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
r
esp
ec
t.
T
h
e
d
ictio
n
ar
y
ex
p
licitly
en
co
d
es
s
p
ee
ch
lev
el
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
r
e
lev
an
t
en
tr
ies.
T
h
e
m
ain
ca
teg
o
r
ies
u
s
ed
ar
e:
A
lu
s
S
in
g
g
ih
(
ASI
)
,
a
h
ig
h
ly
d
ef
e
r
en
tial
lev
el
ty
p
ically
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
d
eities,
n
o
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
h
ig
h
ly
r
esp
ec
ted
eld
er
s
;
A
lu
s
S
o
r
(
ASO)
,
a
p
o
lite
r
ef
in
ed
lev
el
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
h
o
win
g
r
esp
ec
t
i
n
ev
er
y
d
a
y
in
ter
ac
tio
n
;
A
lu
s
Mid
er
(
AM
I
)
,
a
m
o
d
er
ately
p
o
lite
lev
el
u
s
ed
in
m
an
y
s
em
i
-
f
o
r
m
al
s
itu
atio
n
s
;
Mid
er
(
M)
,
a
m
id
d
le
o
r
n
eu
tr
al
lev
el;
A
n
d
a
p
,
a
lo
w
o
r
i
n
f
o
r
m
al
lev
el
u
s
ed
am
o
n
g
clo
s
e
eq
u
als;
an
d
K
a
s
a
r
(
K)
,
a
r
o
u
g
h
o
r
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
in
f
o
r
m
al
lev
el.
E
ac
h
lex
ical
en
tr
y
c
an
b
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
o
f
t
h
ese
s
p
ee
ch
lev
els.
I
n
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
e,
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
a
co
n
cise,
r
ec
o
g
n
iza
b
le
f
o
r
m
(
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le
u
s
in
g
ab
b
r
ev
iatio
n
s
o
r
tag
s
)
to
h
el
p
u
s
er
s
ch
o
o
s
e
f
o
r
m
s
th
at
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
g
i
v
en
s
o
cial
s
itu
atio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
eld
er
s
,
p
ee
r
s
,
g
u
es
ts
o
r
clo
s
e
f
r
ien
d
s
.
Ma
k
i
n
g
s
p
ee
ch
lev
els
e
x
p
licitly
v
is
ib
le
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiates
th
is
d
ictio
n
ar
y
f
r
o
m
s
im
p
ler
b
ilin
g
u
al
wo
r
d
lis
ts
an
d
alig
n
s
th
e
s
y
s
tem
with
r
ea
l
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
n
o
r
m
s
in
B
alin
ese
s
o
ciety
.
4
.
4
.
P
a
rt
-
of
-
s
peec
h t
a
g
g
ing
Fo
r
b
ase
f
o
r
m
s
(
ka
ta
d
a
s
a
r
)
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
ec
o
r
d
s
th
e
p
ar
t
o
f
s
p
ee
ch
(
POS),
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ca
teg
o
r
ies:
A
d
jectiva
(
a)
,
A
d
v
erb
ia
(
ad
v
)
,
N
o
min
a
(
n
)
,
N
u
m
era
lia
(
n
u
m
)
,
P
a
r
tikel
(
p
)
,
P
r
o
n
o
min
a
(
p
r
o
n
)
,
an
d
V
erb
a
(
v
)
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
is
POS
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
s
to
r
ed
in
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
al
d
ata
b
ase
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e.
I
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
m
o
r
e
f
in
e
-
g
r
ain
e
d
s
ea
r
ch
an
d
f
ilter
in
g
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le
b
y
allo
win
g
u
s
er
s
to
r
estrict
s
ea
r
ch
es
to
v
er
b
s
o
r
n
o
u
n
s
,
an
d
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
lear
n
e
r
s
with
b
asic
g
r
am
m
atica
l
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
an
d
f
u
r
th
er
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
T
h
e
POS
tag
s
ca
n
also
s
er
v
e
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
ex
ten
s
io
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as a
u
to
m
atic
ex
am
p
le
s
en
ten
ce
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
r
g
r
a
m
m
ar
-
awa
r
e
lea
r
n
in
g
ex
er
cises
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Desig
n
in
g
a
n
d
ev
a
lu
a
tin
g
a
c
o
mmu
n
ity
-
b
a
s
ed
d
ig
ita
l d
ictio
n
a
r
y
s
ystem
…
(
C
o
ko
r
d
a
P
r
a
ma
r
th
a
)
1375
4
.
5
.
Rela
t
ed
-
wo
rd
s
ea
rc
h a
nd
m
o
rpho
lo
g
y
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
in
clu
d
es
a
r
elat
ed
-
wo
r
d
s
ea
r
ch
f
ea
tu
r
e
th
at
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
ical
r
elatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
wo
r
d
s
.
W
h
en
a
u
s
er
s
ea
r
ch
es
f
o
r
a
wo
r
d
,
t
h
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
m
ay
d
is
p
lay
n
o
t
o
n
ly
th
e
b
ase
f
o
r
m
b
u
t
also
d
e
r
iv
ed
f
o
r
m
s
an
d
wo
r
d
s
with
r
elev
a
n
t
p
r
ef
ix
es
an
d
s
u
f
f
i
x
es.
T
h
ese
r
elatio
n
s
ar
e
ca
p
tu
r
e
d
in
th
e
d
atab
ase
th
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
p
licit
lin
k
s
b
etwe
en
lem
m
as
an
d
th
ei
r
d
er
iv
ativ
es,
as
well
as
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
atter
n
-
b
ased
q
u
er
ies
o
n
c
o
m
m
o
n
B
alin
ese
af
f
ix
es.
Giv
en
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
c
e
o
f
af
f
ix
atio
n
in
B
alin
ese
wo
r
d
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
th
is
f
ea
tu
r
e
h
elp
s
u
s
er
s
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
f
am
ilies
o
f
r
elate
d
wo
r
d
s
an
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
h
o
w
m
ea
n
in
g
an
d
g
r
am
m
atica
l
f
u
n
ctio
n
ch
an
g
e
with
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
af
f
ix
es.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
lear
n
e
r
s
ca
n
s
ee
h
o
w
a
n
o
u
n
is
r
el
ated
to
a
ca
u
s
ativ
e
v
er
b
o
r
h
o
w
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
v
er
b
f
o
r
m
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
f
o
r
m
ality
.
I
t
also
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
m
o
r
e
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
lear
n
in
g
,
wh
er
e
u
s
er
s
m
o
v
e
f
r
o
m
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
m
s
to
n
ew,
b
u
t
r
elate
d
,
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
,
m
a
k
in
g
th
e
d
ictio
n
ar
y
a
m
o
r
e
e
n
g
ag
i
n
g
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
to
o
l.
4
.
6
.
Ro
le
-
ba
s
ed
a
cc
ess
a
nd
c
o
m
m
un
it
y
-
ba
s
ed
cr
o
wds
o
urcing
T
o
en
a
b
le
co
m
m
u
n
ity
p
ar
tici
p
atio
n
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
q
u
al
ity
co
n
tr
o
l,
th
e
d
ictio
n
ar
y
im
p
lem
en
ts
a
r
o
le
-
b
ased
ac
ce
s
s
m
o
d
el
with
th
r
ee
m
ain
r
o
les:
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
,
v
o
lu
n
teer
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
u
s
er
.
Ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
m
a
n
ag
in
g
s
y
s
tem
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
o
v
e
r
s
ee
in
g
co
n
ten
t,
ass
ig
n
in
g
v
o
lu
n
teer
r
o
les
an
d
h
an
d
lin
g
co
m
p
lex
ed
ito
r
ial
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
r
eso
lv
in
g
co
n
f
lictin
g
d
ef
in
itio
n
s
o
r
u
p
d
atin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
atic
en
tr
ies.
Vo
lu
n
teer
s
ar
e
tr
u
s
ted
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
o
r
s
wh
o
v
alid
ate
en
tr
ies
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
o
th
er
u
s
er
s
.
Vo
lu
n
teer
s
ch
ec
k
s
p
ellin
g
,
m
ea
n
in
g
,
s
p
ee
ch
-
le
v
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t,
p
ar
t
-
of
-
s
p
ee
ch
tag
g
in
g
an
d
s
cr
ip
t
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
ef
o
r
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
.
T
h
ey
m
a
y
also
r
ef
in
e
ex
am
p
le
s
en
ten
ce
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
a
t
th
ey
a
r
e
n
at
u
r
al
a
n
d
c
u
ltu
r
ally
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate.
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
u
s
er
s
a
r
e
g
e
n
er
al
u
s
er
s
wh
o
ca
n
s
ea
r
ch
an
d
b
r
o
wse
en
tr
ies
an
d
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
n
ew
wo
r
d
s
a
n
d
ex
am
p
le
s
en
ten
ce
s
,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
lex
ical
item
s
n
o
t
y
et
co
v
e
r
ed
in
th
e
d
ictio
n
ar
y
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
u
s
er
s
ca
n
also
f
lag
er
r
o
r
s
o
r
s
u
g
g
est co
r
r
ec
tio
n
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
th
e
n
r
ev
iewe
d
b
y
v
o
lu
n
teer
s
o
r
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
.
T
h
ese
r
o
les
ar
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
v
ia
ac
ce
s
s
-
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
g
ic
in
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
a
n
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
f
ield
s
in
th
e
r
elatio
n
al
d
ata
b
ase,
wh
ic
h
r
ec
o
r
d
th
e
s
tate
o
f
ea
ch
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
en
tr
y
(
e.
g
.
,
s
u
b
m
itted
,
u
n
d
er
r
e
v
iew,
ap
p
r
o
v
ed
,
r
ejec
ted
)
.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
f
lo
w
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
b
e
as
s
im
p
le
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le:
wh
en
a
u
s
er
s
u
b
m
its
a
n
ew
en
tr
y
o
r
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
,
it
a
p
p
ea
r
s
in
a
r
ev
iew
q
u
e
u
e
v
is
ib
le
to
v
o
lu
n
teer
s
,
wh
o
ca
n
th
e
n
ap
p
r
o
v
e,
m
o
d
if
y
o
r
r
ejec
t
it
.
T
h
is
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
cr
o
wd
s
o
u
r
cin
g
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
allo
ws
t
h
e
d
ictio
n
ar
y
to
g
r
o
w
an
d
r
e
m
ain
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
to
ac
tu
al
u
s
ag
e,
wh
ile
th
e
v
ali
d
atio
n
lay
er
h
elp
s
p
r
ev
e
n
t th
e
ac
c
u
m
u
latio
n
o
f
in
co
r
r
ec
t o
r
lo
w
-
q
u
ality
en
tr
ies.
4
.
7
.
I
m
ple
m
ent
a
t
io
n
o
v
er
v
ie
w
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
as
a
web
ap
p
licatio
n
with
a
r
elat
io
n
al
d
atab
ase
b
ac
k
en
d
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
a
r
elatio
n
al
m
o
d
el,
r
ath
er
th
an
an
o
n
to
lo
g
y
s
to
r
e,
is
d
r
iv
en
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
o
f
s
im
p
licity
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
m
ain
tain
ab
ilit
y
in
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
d
atab
ase
s
ch
em
a
s
to
r
es
lex
ical
f
o
r
m
s
,
m
ea
n
in
g
s
,
lan
g
u
ag
e
c
o
d
es,
s
cr
ip
t
r
ep
r
e
s
en
tatio
n
s
,
s
p
ee
ch
lev
els,
POS
tag
s
,
m
o
r
p
h
o
l
o
g
ical
r
ela
tio
n
s
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
m
etad
ata
an
d
u
s
er
r
o
les.
T
h
e
web
in
ter
f
ac
e
e
x
p
o
s
es
s
ea
r
ch
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
,
en
tr
y
d
etails,
r
el
ated
-
wo
r
d
lin
k
s
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
o
r
m
s
v
ia
s
tan
d
ar
d
HT
T
P
-
b
ased
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
T
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
-
en
d
is
o
p
tim
ized
f
o
r
m
o
d
e
r
n
b
r
o
wser
s
an
d
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
b
e
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e,
s
o
th
at
th
e
d
ictio
n
ar
y
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ed
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
d
esk
to
p
a
n
d
m
o
b
ile
d
e
v
ices.
B
asic
co
ac
h
in
g
an
d
in
d
ex
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
k
ee
p
s
ea
r
ch
tim
es
ac
ce
p
tab
le
ev
en
as
th
e
d
atab
ase
g
r
o
ws.
Fro
m
a
s
y
s
tem
ic
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
is
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
alig
n
s
th
e
li
n
g
u
is
tic
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
(
lex
ical
d
ata
an
d
an
n
o
tatio
n
s
)
with
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
(
d
atab
ase
an
d
w
eb
s
er
v
ices)
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
(
u
s
er
s
,
v
o
lu
n
tee
r
s
,
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
o
le
-
b
ased
wo
r
k
f
lo
ws an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
ch
an
n
els.
4
.
8
.
E
v
a
lua
t
i
o
n
re
s
ults
4
.
8
.
1
.
Sa
m
ple
cha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ics
,
re
lia
bil
it
y
a
nd
des
cr
iptiv
e
r
esu
lt
s
T
ab
le
1
m
o
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
b
etwe
en
2
1
a
n
d
2
5
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
,
liv
e
in
B
ali,
a
n
d
p
r
ed
o
m
in
an
tl
y
r
esid
e
in
u
r
b
an
a
r
ea
s
.
T
h
eir
B
alin
ese
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
r
a
n
g
es
f
r
o
m
lo
w
to
h
ig
h
,
w
h
er
ea
s
alm
o
s
t
all
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
r
ep
o
r
t
m
ed
iu
m
to
h
ig
h
ab
ilit
y
in
o
p
er
atin
g
d
ig
ital
d
ev
ices.
T
h
is
p
r
o
f
ile
in
d
icate
s
th
at
t
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
ca
p
tu
r
es
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
d
ig
itally
co
m
p
eten
t
u
s
er
s
with
d
iv
er
s
e
le
v
els
o
f
B
alin
ese
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
,
wh
ich
is
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
a
web
-
b
ased
lan
g
u
ag
e
to
o
l.
T
ab
le
2
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
r
el
iab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
th
e
s
ev
en
I
T
in
n
o
v
atio
n
a
d
o
p
tio
n
co
n
s
tr
u
cts.
Vo
lu
n
tar
in
ess
,
r
elativ
e
ad
v
an
t
ag
e,
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
im
ag
e
an
d
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
all
s
h
o
w
h
ig
h
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
(
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
α
b
etwe
en
0
.
8
3
an
d
0
.
9
3
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
item
s
with
in
th
ese
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
m
ea
s
u
r
e
a
co
h
er
en
t
u
n
d
er
ly
i
n
g
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
r
esu
lt
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ab
ilit
y
(
α
=
0
.
4
8
)
an
d
v
is
ib
ilit
y
(
α
=
0
.
3
0
)
ex
h
i
b
it
lo
wer
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
th
ese
s
ca
le
s
ca
p
tu
r
e
m
o
r
e
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
r
esp
o
n
s
es
an
d
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
a
s
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
in
d
icato
r
s
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ath
er
th
a
n
d
ef
in
itiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
ab
b
r
ev
iatio
n
s
u
s
ed
i
n
T
ab
les
2
an
d
3
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
ws:
VOL
=
v
o
l
u
n
tar
in
ess
,
R
A
=
r
elativ
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
,
C
OM
=
c
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
I
MG
=
i
m
ag
e,
E
OU
=
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
,
R
D
=
r
esu
lt d
em
o
n
s
tr
ab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
VI
S =
v
is
ib
ilit
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
3
6
9
-
1
3
8
1
1376
T
ab
le
1.
Dem
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
N
=
4
0
)
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
n
%
A
g
e
≤
2
0
y
e
a
r
s
13
3
2
.
5
21
–
2
5
y
e
a
r
s
26
65
>
2
5
y
e
a
r
s
1
2
.
5
P
l
a
c
e
o
f
r
e
si
d
e
n
c
e
(
p
r
o
v
i
n
c
e
)
B
a
l
i
38
95
O
u
t
s
i
d
e
B
a
l
i
2
5
Ty
p
e
o
f
a
r
e
a
o
f
r
e
si
d
e
n
c
e
U
r
b
a
n
27
6
7
.
5
R
u
r
a
l
13
3
2
.
5
B
a
l
i
n
e
se
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
p
r
o
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
l
e
v
e
l
Lo
w
(
1
–
3)
9
2
2
.
5
(
1
=
v
e
ry
l
o
w
,
7
=
v
e
r
y
h
i
g
h
)
M
e
d
i
u
m (
4
–
5)
18
45
H
i
g
h
(
6
–
7)
13
3
2
.
5
A
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
Lo
w
(
1
–
3)
0
0
(
1
=
v
e
ry
l
o
w
,
7
=
v
e
r
y
h
i
g
h
)
M
e
d
i
u
m (
4
–
5)
5
1
2
.
5
H
i
g
h
(
6
–
7)
35
8
7
.
5
T
ab
le
2.
R
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
I
T
in
n
o
v
atio
n
ad
o
p
tio
n
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts (
N
=
4
0
)
C
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
C
o
d
e
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
i
t
e
ms
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s α
V
o
l
u
n
t
a
r
i
n
e
ss
VOL
2
0
.
9
3
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
RA
5
0
.
8
4
C
o
m
p
a
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
C
O
M
3
0
.
8
3
I
mag
e
I
M
G
3
0
.
8
3
Ea
se
o
f
u
se
EO
U
4
0
.
9
3
R
e
s
u
l
t
d
e
m
o
n
st
r
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
RD
4
0
.
4
8
V
i
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
V
I
S
2
0
.
3
0
T
h
e
lo
wer
in
te
r
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
f
o
r
r
esu
lt
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ab
ilit
y
an
d
v
is
ib
ilit
y
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
ese
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
m
ay
n
o
t
y
et
b
e
f
u
lly
s
tab
ilized
in
th
is
co
n
tex
t.
A
p
lau
s
ib
le
ex
p
lan
atio
n
is
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
h
ad
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
p
r
io
r
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
an
d
v
ar
ied
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
o
r
d
is
cu
s
s
its
b
en
ef
its
b
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
ess
io
n
.
I
n
f
u
tu
r
e
iter
atio
n
s
,
t
h
ese
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
e
f
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
item
-
lev
el
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
item
wo
r
d
in
g
r
ev
iew,
co
r
r
ec
ted
i
tem
-
to
tal
co
r
r
elatio
n
an
aly
s
i
s
,
an
d
p
ilo
t
test
in
g
with
a
lar
g
er
an
d
m
o
r
e
h
eter
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
s
am
p
le.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
R
D
an
d
VI
S
ar
e
r
etain
e
d
as
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
in
d
icato
r
s
r
ath
er
t
h
an
as st
ab
le
co
n
f
ir
m
at
o
r
y
s
ca
les.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tati
s
tics
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
-
lev
el
s
co
r
es
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
3
.
E
ase
o
f
u
s
e
attain
s
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
(
M
=
6
.
4
2
)
,
f
o
ll
o
wed
clo
s
ely
b
y
r
elativ
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
(
M
=
6
.
3
2
)
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
at
ib
ilit
y
(
M
=
5
.
8
8
)
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
e
B
alin
ese
d
ig
ital d
ictio
n
ar
y
as v
e
r
y
ea
s
y
to
o
p
e
r
ate,
clea
r
ly
m
o
r
e
b
e
n
ef
icial
th
an
alter
n
ati
v
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
g
en
e
r
ally
w
ell
alig
n
ed
with
th
eir
ev
e
r
y
d
a
y
lear
n
in
g
an
d
wo
r
k
p
r
ac
tices.
Vo
lu
n
tar
in
ess
also
h
as
a
r
elativ
ely
h
i
g
h
m
ea
n
(
M
=
5
.
1
9
)
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
u
s
er
s
ten
d
to
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
to
u
s
e
th
e
web
s
ite
as self
-
in
itiated
r
ath
er
th
an
im
p
o
s
ed
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tics
o
f
I
T
in
n
o
v
atio
n
ad
o
p
tio
n
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts (
N
=
4
0
)
C
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
C
o
d
e
N
M
e
a
n
SD
M
i
n
M
a
x
V
o
l
u
n
t
a
r
i
n
e
ss
VOL
40
5
.
1
9
1
.
6
7
1
7
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
RA
40
6
.
3
2
0
.
7
3
4
7
C
o
m
p
a
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
C
O
M
40
5
.
8
8
0
.
9
2
4
7
I
mag
e
I
M
G
40
5
.
0
0
1
.
2
0
1
.
6
7
7
Ea
se
o
f
u
se
EO
U
40
6
.
4
2
0
.
7
5
4
7
R
e
s
u
l
t
d
e
m
o
n
st
r
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
RD
40
5
.
8
3
0
.
8
6
4
7
V
i
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
V
I
S
40
5
.
0
0
1
.
2
6
2
7
I
m
ag
e
an
d
v
i
s
ib
i
l
ity
b
o
th
s
h
o
w
m
o
d
e
r
at
e
m
e
an
s
co
r
e
s
(
M
=
5
.
0
0
)
,
im
p
ly
in
g
th
a
t
u
s
er
s
s
e
e
s
o
m
e
p
o
s
it
iv
e
s
ta
tu
s
a
s
s
o
ci
at
ed
wi
t
h
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
ic
tio
n
ar
y
an
d
s
o
m
e
d
eg
r
e
e
o
f
a
war
en
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
p
l
at
f
o
r
m
in
th
eir
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
b
u
t
th
e
s
e
s
o
c
ia
l
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
y
et
a
s
s
tr
o
n
g
as
p
er
c
ep
t
io
n
s
o
f
u
s
ef
u
ln
e
s
s
an
d
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e.
R
e
s
u
lt
D
em
o
n
s
tr
ab
il
i
ty
,
wi
th
a
m
e
an
o
f
5
.
8
3
,
in
d
ic
at
e
s
th
a
t
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
g
en
er
al
ly
f
ee
l
a
b
le
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ic
at
e
th
e
b
en
e
f
i
t
s
o
f
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
i
ct
io
n
a
r
y
,
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
lo
w
er
r
e
li
ab
i
li
ty
f
o
r
t
h
i
s
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
p
o
in
t
s
to
v
ar
ia
tio
n
in
h
o
w
c
le
ar
ly
th
es
e
b
en
ef
i
t
s
ar
e
ar
ti
cu
l
at
ed
.
Ov
er
al
l,
th
e
p
a
t
ter
n
in
T
ab
l
e
3
s
u
g
g
es
t
s
th
at
th
e
co
r
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
a
s
p
ec
t
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
(
u
s
ef
u
ln
e
s
s
,
e
as
e
o
f
u
s
e
an
d
co
m
p
at
ib
il
ity
)
ar
e
a
lr
e
ad
y
we
l
l
es
tab
li
s
h
ed
,
wh
i
le
i
m
ag
e
,
v
i
s
i
b
il
ity
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ab
il
i
ty
o
f
r
es
u
l
t
s
r
em
a
in
ar
ea
s
wh
er
e
f
u
r
th
er
s
t
r
en
g
th
en
in
g
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Desig
n
in
g
a
n
d
ev
a
lu
a
tin
g
a
c
o
mmu
n
ity
-
b
a
s
ed
d
ig
ita
l d
ictio
n
a
r
y
s
ystem
…
(
C
o
ko
r
d
a
P
r
a
ma
r
th
a
)
1377
4
.
8
.
2
.
Q
ua
lita
t
iv
e
perc
ept
io
ns
a
nd
pa
t
t
er
ns
Op
en
-
en
d
e
d
r
esp
o
n
s
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
t
h
ese
q
u
an
titativ
e
p
atter
n
s
.
Ma
n
y
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
en
ts
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
as “
s
im
p
le,
”
“c
lear
”
an
d
“e
asy
to
lear
n
,
”
alig
n
in
g
with
th
e
h
ig
h
e
ase
o
f
u
s
e
s
co
r
es.
T
h
ey
r
ep
o
r
t
th
at
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
f
o
r
wo
r
d
s
,
r
ea
d
in
g
d
e
f
in
itio
n
s
an
d
v
iewin
g
s
p
ee
ch
-
lev
el
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
with
o
u
t
p
r
io
r
tr
ai
n
in
g
.
Sev
e
r
a
l
u
s
er
s
also
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
s
ee
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
an
d
s
p
ee
ch
lev
els
in
a
s
in
g
le
p
lace
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
h
el
p
f
u
l
f
o
r
ac
a
d
em
ic
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
s
an
d
d
aily
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
th
e
h
ig
h
r
elativ
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
r
atin
g
s
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
s
o
m
e
u
s
er
s
co
m
m
en
t
th
at
n
o
t
all
wo
r
d
s
th
ey
ex
p
ec
t
ar
e
p
r
esen
t,
an
d
th
a
t
ex
am
p
le
s
en
ten
ce
s
o
r
d
o
m
ain
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
ter
m
in
o
lo
g
y
ar
e
s
o
m
etim
es
m
is
s
in
g
.
T
h
ese
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
tem
p
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
r
esu
lt
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ab
ilit
y
an
d
r
elativ
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
,
b
ec
au
s
e
g
ap
s
in
lex
ical
co
v
e
r
ag
e
o
cc
asio
n
ally
lim
it
th
e
co
n
cr
ete
b
en
ef
its
u
s
er
’
s
ex
p
e
r
i
en
ce
.
C
o
m
m
e
n
ts
r
elate
d
t
o
c
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
em
p
h
asize
th
at
t
h
e
d
ictio
n
ar
y
is
m
o
s
t
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
teac
h
er
s
an
d
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
alr
ea
d
y
h
av
e
an
in
ter
est
in
B
alin
ese
la
n
g
u
ag
e
an
d
cu
ltu
r
e,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
f
u
r
th
er
a
d
ap
tat
io
n
m
ay
b
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
r
ea
ch
m
o
r
e
ca
s
u
al
u
s
er
s
.
W
ith
r
esp
ec
t
to
I
m
ag
e
a
n
d
Vi
s
ib
ilit
y
,
s
ev
er
al
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
in
d
icate
th
at
th
ey
o
n
l
y
lear
n
e
d
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
web
s
ite
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
in
v
itatio
n
o
r
class
-
r
elate
d
ac
tiv
it
ies.
T
h
is
ex
p
lain
s
wh
y
v
is
ib
ilit
y
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
co
r
e
as
h
ig
h
ly
as
e
ase
o
f
u
s
e
o
r
r
elativ
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
:
wh
ile
u
s
er
s
a
p
p
r
ec
iate
th
e
to
o
l
o
n
ce
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
it,
m
a
n
y
h
ad
n
o
t
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
it
in
th
eir
u
s
u
al
o
n
lin
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
A
f
ew
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
f
o
r
m
al
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
b
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
o
r
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
ag
en
cies,
o
r
in
clu
s
io
n
in
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
,
wo
u
ld
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
tatu
s
o
f
t
h
e
web
s
ite.
4
.
8
.
3
.
Sy
nthesis
o
f
I
T
in
no
v
a
t
io
n a
do
ptio
n f
ind
ing
s
T
ak
en
to
g
eth
e
r
,
th
e
I
T
in
n
o
v
atio
n
ad
o
p
tio
n
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
th
e
B
alin
ese
d
ig
ital
d
ic
tio
n
ar
y
is
p
er
ce
iv
ed
as
a
h
ig
h
ly
u
s
ab
le
a
n
d
b
e
n
ef
icial
in
n
o
v
atio
n
f
o
r
th
o
s
e
wh
o
h
av
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
it.
Hig
h
s
co
r
es
in
e
ase
o
f
u
s
e,
r
elativ
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
an
d
c
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
lin
g
u
is
tic
d
esig
n
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ar
e
lar
g
ely
alig
n
ed
with
u
s
er
n
ee
d
s
an
d
p
r
ac
tices.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
m
o
r
e
m
o
d
e
r
ate
s
co
r
es
f
o
r
I
m
ag
e
an
d
Vis
ib
ilit
y
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
p
lat
f
o
r
m
h
as
n
o
t
y
et
ac
h
ie
v
ed
s
tr
o
n
g
p
u
b
lic
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
r
p
r
esti
g
e
as
a
g
o
-
to
r
eso
u
r
ce
f
o
r
B
alin
ese,
wh
ich
m
ay
lim
it
its
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
b
e
y
o
n
d
ea
r
ly
ad
o
p
ter
s
.
T
h
is
p
atter
n
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
a
s
y
s
tem
th
at
wo
r
k
s
well
f
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
u
s
er
s
b
u
t
is
s
till
co
n
s
o
lid
atin
g
its
r
o
le
i
n
th
e
wid
er
s
o
cio
-
tec
h
n
ical
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
o
f
B
alin
ese
lan
g
u
a
g
e
u
s
e.
R
esu
lt
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ab
ilit
y
an
d
v
o
lu
n
tar
in
e
s
s
,
wh
ile
g
en
er
all
y
p
o
s
itiv
e,
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
n
u
an
ce
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
r
ep
o
r
t
th
at
th
e
y
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
a
n
d
e
x
p
lain
t
h
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
ictio
n
ar
y
,
b
u
t
th
e
lo
wer
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
f
o
r
r
esu
lt
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ab
ilit
y
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
ese
b
en
ef
its
ar
e
n
o
t
y
et
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
ly
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
o
r
ar
ticu
lated
.
Similar
ly
,
Vo
lu
n
tar
in
ess
s
co
r
es
in
d
icate
th
at
u
s
er
s
lar
g
ely
f
ee
l
f
r
ee
to
d
ec
id
e
wh
eth
er
to
u
s
e
th
e
web
s
ite,
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
s
o
m
e
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t
is
m
ed
iated
b
y
c
o
u
r
s
es
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
ac
tiv
ities
.
O
v
er
all,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
o
r
tr
ay
th
e
d
ictio
n
ar
y
as
a
g
r
o
win
g
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
r
eso
u
r
ce
wh
o
s
e
co
r
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
v
alu
e
h
as
b
ee
n
estab
lis
h
ed
,
b
u
t
wh
o
s
e
v
is
ib
ilit
y
,
s
o
cial
im
ag
e
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ab
ilit
y
o
f
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
b
en
ef
i
ts
s
ti
ll
n
ee
d
to
b
e
s
tr
en
g
th
en
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
lex
ical
co
v
er
a
g
e,
o
u
tr
ea
ch
a
n
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
4
.
8
.
4
.
L
im
it
a
t
io
ns
o
f
t
he
ev
a
l
ua
t
io
n
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
ev
alu
atio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
in
lig
h
t
o
f
s
ev
er
al
lim
itatio
n
s
.
Fir
s
t,
t
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
is
m
o
d
est
(
N
=
4
0
)
an
d
was
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
s
am
p
lin
g
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
alr
ea
d
y
h
av
e
s
o
m
e
in
ter
est
in
B
alin
ese
lan
g
u
ag
e
an
d
cu
ltu
r
e
.
T
h
is
m
ay
b
i
as
th
e
r
esu
lts
to
war
d
s
m
o
r
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
an
d
lim
its
th
e
g
e
n
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
to
th
e
wid
er
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
p
o
ten
tial
u
s
er
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
o
r
e
ca
s
u
al
lear
n
er
s
o
r
in
d
iv
id
u
als
with
lim
ited
p
r
io
r
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
B
alin
ese.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
ca
s
e
s
y
s
tem
—
th
e
B
alin
ese
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
y
—
s
o
th
e
r
esu
lts
m
ay
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tly
tr
an
s
f
er
to
o
th
er
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
y
p
latf
o
r
m
s
with
d
if
f
er
en
t d
esig
n
c
h
o
ices o
r
in
s
titu
t
io
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
r
elies
o
n
s
elf
-
r
e
p
o
r
ted
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
c
ap
tu
r
ed
at
o
n
e
p
o
i
n
t
in
tim
e,
s
h
o
r
tly
a
f
ter
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
ter
ac
ted
with
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
I
T
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
a
d
o
p
tio
n
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
r
i
ch
s
n
ap
s
h
o
t
o
f
h
o
w
th
e
d
ictio
n
ar
y
is
v
iewe
d
as
an
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
b
u
t
th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
c
ap
tu
r
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
u
s
ag
e
p
atter
n
s
,
ac
tu
al
lear
n
i
n
g
o
u
tco
m
es
o
r
ch
an
g
es
in
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
as
u
s
er
s
g
ain
m
o
r
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
L
o
n
g
itu
d
in
al
d
ata,
s
u
ch
as
u
s
ag
e
lo
g
s
an
d
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
s
u
r
v
ey
s
,
wo
u
ld
b
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
o
w
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
v
o
lu
n
tar
i
n
ess
,
r
elativ
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
,
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
im
ag
e,
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
r
esu
lt
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ab
ilit
y
an
d
v
is
ib
ilit
y
ev
o
lv
e
o
v
er
tim
e
an
d
h
o
w
th
ey
r
elate
to
s
u
s
tain
ed
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
T
h
ir
d
,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
item
s
ar
e
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
a
v
alid
ated
I
T
in
n
o
v
atio
n
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
an
d
ca
r
ef
u
lly
lo
c
alize
d
in
to
I
n
d
o
n
esian
,
s
o
m
e
n
u
an
ce
s
m
ay
h
av
e
b
ee
n
lo
s
t
in
tr
an
s
latio
n
o
r
co
n
tex
tu
aliza
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
B
alin
ese
d
ictio
n
ar
y
s
ettin
g
.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
ws
h
ig
h
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
al
p
h
a
v
alu
es
f
o
r
v
o
lu
n
tar
in
ess
,
r
elativ
e
ad
v
an
t
ag
e,
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
i
m
ag
e
a
n
d
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
b
u
t
lo
wer
r
eliab
ilit
y
f
o
r
r
esu
lt
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ab
ilit
y
an
d
v
is
ib
ilit
y
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
ese
latter
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
m
o
r
e
ca
u
tio
u
s
ly
as
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
in
d
icato
r
s
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
an
aly
ze
q
u
alitativ
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
ey
o
n
d
b
asic
th
em
atic
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
;
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
co
u
ld
e
m
p
lo
y
m
o
r
e
d
etailed
q
u
alitativ
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
3
6
9
-
1
3
8
1
1378
m
eth
o
d
s
,
s
u
ch
as
in
ter
v
iews
o
r
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
to
tr
ian
g
u
late
an
d
d
ee
p
e
n
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
u
s
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
an
d
co
n
tex
tu
al
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
in
f
l
u
en
ce
ad
o
p
tio
n
4
.
9
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
T
h
e
I
T
in
n
o
v
atio
n
ad
o
p
tio
n
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
th
e
B
alin
ese
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
y
d
eliv
er
s
s
tr
o
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
v
alu
e:
h
ig
h
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
r
elativ
e
ad
v
an
tag
e,
an
d
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
in
d
icate
th
at
u
s
er
s
f
in
d
it
ea
s
y
to
o
p
er
ate,
b
en
e
f
icial
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
alter
n
ativ
es,
an
d
well
alig
n
ed
with
th
eir
s
tu
d
y
an
d
wo
r
k
r
o
u
tin
es.
Ho
wev
er
,
m
o
r
e
m
o
d
er
ate
I
m
a
g
e
an
d
Vis
ib
ilit
y
s
co
r
es
im
p
ly
th
at
b
r
o
ad
er
s
o
cial
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
is
s
till
em
er
g
in
g
.
R
esu
lt
Dem
o
n
s
tr
ab
ilit
y
an
d
Vo
lu
n
tar
i
n
ess
f
u
r
th
er
in
d
icate
t
h
at
u
s
er
s
g
en
er
ally
p
e
r
ce
iv
e
clea
r
b
en
ef
its
an
d
f
ee
l
f
r
ee
to
ch
o
o
s
e
wh
eth
e
r
to
u
s
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
alth
o
u
g
h
b
en
ef
it
a
r
ticu
latio
n
is
n
o
t
y
et
f
u
lly
co
n
s
is
ten
t a
cr
o
s
s
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
s
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
i
m
p
l
y
s
e
v
e
r
a
l p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
es
f
o
r
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
i
n
g
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
a
c
t
.
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
h
o
u
ld
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
e
t
o
f
o
r
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
o
c
i
o
l
i
n
g
u
i
s
t
ic
g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e
(
e
.
g
.
,
s
p
e
e
c
h
l
e
v
e
ls
,
u
s
a
g
e
n
o
t
e
s
,
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
s
)
t
o
r
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
tib
i
l
i
t
y
.
M
u
l
t
i
-
s
c
r
i
p
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
h
o
u
l
d
r
e
m
a
i
n
c
e
n
t
r
al
b
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
L
a
t
i
n
a
n
d
U
n
i
c
o
d
e
B
a
l
i
n
es
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
d
is
p
l
a
y
w
it
h
u
s
e
r
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
at
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
l
ite
r
a
c
y
l
e
v
e
ls
w
h
i
l
e
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
i
n
g
s
c
r
i
p
t
n
o
r
m
a
li
z
a
tio
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
.
F
e
at
u
r
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
c
a
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
i
c
al
v
a
l
u
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
-
w
o
r
d
,
d
e
r
i
v
a
ti
o
n
a
l
,
a
n
d
m
o
r
p
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
e
x
p
l
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
F
o
r
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
,
c
l
e
a
r
e
r
r
o
l
e
-
b
a
s
e
d
w
o
r
k
f
l
o
ws
(
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
o
r
s
,
e
d
i
t
o
r
s
,
a
d
m
i
n
is
t
r
a
t
o
r
s
)
,
t
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
t
r
e
v
i
ew
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
,
a
n
d
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
o
r
s
c
a
n
h
e
l
p
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
s
u
s
t
a
i
n
p
a
r
t
ic
i
p
a
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
I
T
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
c
a
n
a
ls
o
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
s
a
n
i
t
e
r
at
i
v
e
e
v
a
l
u
at
i
o
n
t
o
o
l
:
r
e
p
e
a
ti
n
g
i
t
a
f
t
e
r
m
aj
o
r
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
o
r
o
u
t
r
e
a
c
h
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
,
i
d
e
a
ll
y
a
l
o
n
g
s
i
d
e
u
s
a
g
e
a
n
a
l
y
ti
c
s
,
ca
n
t
r
a
c
k
s
h
i
f
ts
i
n
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
g
u
i
d
e
i
n
c
r
e
m
e
n
t
a
l
r
e
f
i
n
e
m
e
n
t
.
Fro
m
a
p
o
licy
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
e
d
ictio
n
a
r
y
a
p
p
ea
r
s
r
ea
d
y
f
o
r
wid
er
in
te
g
r
atio
n
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
to
r
aise
v
is
ib
ilit
y
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
en
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
u
p
tak
e.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
an
ch
o
r
in
g
—
th
r
o
u
g
h
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
,
teac
h
er
tr
ain
in
g
,
an
d
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
lear
n
in
g
tas
k
s
—
ca
n
n
o
r
m
alize
d
ig
ital
B
alin
ese
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
am
o
n
g
n
ew
u
s
er
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
C
u
ltu
r
a
l
ag
en
cies
an
d
p
o
licy
-
m
ak
e
r
s
ca
n
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
m
ain
ten
a
n
c
e
b
y
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
co
n
tr
i
b
u
to
r
s
,
f
u
n
d
in
g
lo
ca
l
m
o
d
er
atio
n
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
,
a
n
d
alig
n
in
g
d
ictio
n
ar
y
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
with
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
in
itia
tiv
es
s
u
ch
as
ter
m
in
o
l
o
g
y
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
s
cr
ip
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
r
esu
lts
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
th
e
n
ee
d
to
tr
e
at
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
ies
as
p
ar
t
o
f
a
wid
er
lan
g
u
ag
e
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
—
lin
k
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
cu
ltu
r
al
p
o
licy
,
an
d
I
C
T
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
—
s
o
th
at
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
s
tr
en
g
th
s
tr
an
s
late
in
to
d
u
r
ab
l
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
an
d
r
ev
italizatio
n
o
u
tco
m
es.
Me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ically
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tes
a
r
eu
s
ab
le
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
ev
alu
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
e
ar
ly
-
s
tag
e
I
C
T
ar
tifa
cts
wh
o
s
e
s
u
cc
ess
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
u
s
er
u
p
ta
k
e.
Alth
o
u
g
h
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
i
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
a
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
B
alin
ese
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
y
,
th
e
s
am
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
Desig
n
Scien
ce
ar
tifa
ct
d
esc
r
ip
tio
n
,
task
-
b
ased
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e,
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
-
lev
el
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t,
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
,
a
n
d
q
u
alitativ
e
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
ca
n
b
e
ad
ap
ted
f
o
r
o
th
er
d
i
g
ital d
ictio
n
ar
ies,
cu
ltu
r
al
h
er
itag
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
to
o
ls
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
f
ac
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
h
as
p
r
esen
ted
a
s
y
s
tem
ic
d
esig
n
an
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
a
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
d
ig
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
y
f
o
r
th
e
B
alin
ese
lan
g
u
ag
e,
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
a
d
etailed
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
a
n
d
f
ea
tu
r
es
with
an
IT
in
n
o
v
atio
n
ad
o
p
tio
n
–
b
ased
u
s
er
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
d
ictio
n
ar
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
m
u
ltil
in
g
u
al
lo
o
k
u
p
b
etwe
en
B
alin
ese
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
esian
,
o
f
f
er
s
b
o
th
L
atin
an
d
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
d
is
p
lay
an
d
en
co
d
es
s
o
cio
lin
g
u
is
tic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
ch
as
s
p
ee
ch
lev
els
an
d
g
r
am
m
atica
l
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
with
4
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
is
p
er
ce
iv
ed
as
h
ig
h
ly
ea
s
y
to
u
s
e,
clea
r
ly
ad
v
an
ta
g
eo
u
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
av
ailab
le
alter
n
ativ
es
an
d
b
r
o
a
d
ly
co
m
p
atib
le
with
u
s
er
s
’
s
tu
d
y
an
d
wo
r
k
r
o
u
tin
es.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
m
o
r
e
m
o
d
er
ate
r
at
in
g
s
f
o
r
I
m
ag
e
a
n
d
Vis
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
th
e
lo
wer
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
o
f
R
esu
lt
Dem
o
n
s
tr
ab
ilit
y
an
d
Vis
ib
ilit
y
,
in
d
icate
t
h
at
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
’
s
s
o
cial
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
a
n
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
b
en
ef
its
ar
e
n
o
t y
et
f
u
lly
estab
lis
h
ed
.
Fro
m
a
s
y
s
tem
ic
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
h
o
w
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
an
in
n
o
v
atio
n
em
er
g
e
f
r
o
m
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
tec
h
n
ical
d
esig
n
c
h
o
ices,
lin
g
u
is
tic
m
o
d
ellin
g
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
o
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
c
o
n
tex
ts
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
I
T
in
n
o
v
atio
n
ad
o
p
tio
n
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
p
r
o
v
ed
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
m
ak
i
n
g
th
ese
d
y
n
am
i
cs
v
is
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le
an
d
f
o
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id
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tify
in
g
wh
er
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f
u
r
th
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d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
o
u
tr
ea
c
h
e
f
f
o
r
ts
a
r
e
n
ee
d
ed
.
Fu
t
u
r
e
wo
r
k
will
ex
te
n
d
th
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
to
m
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d
iv
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e
u
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g
r
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p
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ch
o
o
l
s
tu
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en
ts
,
te
ac
h
er
s
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
,
an
d
will
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
u
s
ag
e
d
ata
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
m
eth
o
d
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
o
w
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
s
ev
o
lv
e
o
v
er
tim
e.
C
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
ies
with
d
i
g
ital
d
ictio
n
ar
ies
f
o
r
o
th
er
r
e
g
io
n
al
o
r
v
u
l
n
er
ab
le
lan
g
u
ag
es
co
u
ld
also
h
elp
clar
if
y
wh
ich
d
esig
n
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
p
atter
n
s
g
e
n
er
alize
ac
r
o
s
s
co
n
tex
ts
.
I
n
th
e
lo
n
g
er
te
r
m
,
th
e
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
g
ain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
B
alin
ese
d
ictio
n
ar
y
ca
n
in
f
o
r
m
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
p
o
licy
an
d
d
ig
ital
h
er
itag
e
in
itiativ
es
th
at
s
ee
k
to
in
teg
r
ate
r
eg
i
o
n
al
lan
g
u
ag
es
i
n
to
ev
e
r
y
d
a
y
d
ig
ital
p
r
ac
tice,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
t
o
a
m
o
r
e
in
clu
s
iv
e
an
d
c
u
ltu
r
ally
d
iv
er
s
e
d
ig
ital la
n
d
s
ca
p
e.
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