I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
pu
t
er
E
ng
ineering
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
1097
~
1
1
0
6
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijece.
v
1
6
i
3
.
pp
1
0
9
7
-
1
1
0
6
1097
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ec
e.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Flas
ho
v
er of a po
l
luted
hig
h
vo
ltag
e insula
tor und
er e
lectr
ic
field
dis
tribu
tion
Z
a
ina
b
Ab
du
lla
h
1
,
I
z
ha
m
Z
a
ina
l A
bid
i
n
1
,
M
i
s
za
ina
O
s
m
a
n
1
, N
urula
zm
i
Abd.
Ra
hm
a
n
2
,
M
uh
a
m
m
a
d
Sh
a
f
iq
3
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
T
e
n
a
g
a
N
a
s
i
o
n
a
l
,
P
u
t
r
a
j
a
y
a
,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
2
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
M
i
c
r
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
i
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
P
e
r
l
i
s,
A
r
a
u
P
e
r
l
i
s
,
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
3
C
e
n
t
e
r
f
o
r
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
s
t
e
ms,
F
l
o
r
i
d
a
S
t
a
t
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
Ta
l
l
a
h
a
s
see
,
U
n
i
t
e
d
S
t
a
t
e
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Oct
1
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
Feb
2
3
,
2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
Ma
r
1
6
,
2
0
2
6
Th
is
st
u
d
y
i
n
v
e
sti
g
a
tes
th
e
e
ffe
c
t
o
f
su
rfa
c
e
p
o
ll
u
ti
o
n
o
n
a
si
n
g
le
-
u
n
it
1
1
k
V
g
las
s
su
sp
e
n
si
o
n
in
su
lato
r
u
si
n
g
tw
o
-
d
ime
n
si
o
n
a
l
(
2
D)
a
x
isy
m
m
e
tri
c
sim
u
latio
n
s
in
COMS
OL
M
u
lt
i
p
h
y
sic
s.
T
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
m
o
d
e
l
in
c
o
rp
o
ra
tes
th
e
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
g
las
s,
c
e
m
e
n
t,
ste
e
l
e
lec
tro
d
e
s,
su
rro
u
n
d
i
n
g
a
ir,
a
n
d
a
u
n
ifo
rm
p
o
ll
u
t
io
n
lay
e
r,
w
it
h
a
n
a
p
p
li
e
d
AC
v
o
l
tag
e
o
f
1
1
k
V
u
n
d
e
r
q
u
a
si
-
sta
ti
c
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s.
S
imu
lati
o
n
re
su
lt
s
d
e
m
o
n
stra
te
p
ro
n
o
u
n
c
e
d
e
lec
tri
c
field
in
te
n
sifica
ti
o
n
in
th
e
p
o
ll
u
ted
c
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
,
p
a
rti
c
u
larly
a
t
th
e
a
ir
–
g
las
s
–
c
a
p
tri
p
le
j
u
n
c
ti
o
n
re
g
i
o
n
,
wh
e
re
lo
c
a
li
z
e
d
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
stre
ss
is
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
ly
h
i
g
h
e
r
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
t
o
t
h
e
c
lea
n
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
.
W
h
il
e
t
h
e
c
lea
n
in
su
lato
r
o
p
e
ra
tes
with
i
n
IEC
6
0
3
8
3
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
li
m
it
s,
t
h
e
p
o
ll
u
ted
m
o
d
e
l
e
x
h
i
b
it
s
e
le
v
a
ted
p
e
a
k
e
le
c
tri
c
field
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
s,
i
n
d
ica
ti
n
g
in
c
re
a
se
d
flas
h
o
v
e
r
v
u
l
n
e
ra
b
il
it
y
.
Th
e
fi
n
d
i
n
g
s
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
th
e
str
o
n
g
i
n
flu
e
n
c
e
o
f
su
rfa
c
e
c
o
n
tam
in
a
ti
o
n
,
m
a
teria
l
p
e
rm
it
ti
v
it
y
,
a
n
d
g
e
o
m
e
tri
c
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
o
n
e
lec
tri
c
field
d
istr
ib
u
ti
o
n
a
l
o
n
g
t
h
e
c
re
e
p
a
g
e
p
a
th
.
T
h
is
st
u
d
y
e
st
a
b
li
sh
e
s
a
re
li
a
b
le
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
u
tati
o
n
a
ll
y
e
ffi
c
ien
t
p
re
d
ictiv
e
fra
m
e
wo
rk
fo
r
o
p
ti
m
izin
g
in
su
lato
r
d
e
sig
n
,
imp
r
o
v
in
g
m
a
in
ten
a
n
c
e
stra
teg
ies
,
a
n
d
e
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
th
e
lo
n
g
-
term
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
h
ig
h
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
tr
a
n
sm
issio
n
sy
ste
m
s,
e
sp
e
c
ially
i
n
p
o
ll
u
t
io
n
-
p
ro
n
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
2
D
ax
is
y
m
m
etr
ic
s
im
u
latio
n
C
OM
SOL
Mu
ltip
h
y
s
ics
E
lectr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
Flas
h
o
v
er
Hig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
lass
in
s
u
lato
r
s
Su
r
f
ac
e
p
o
llu
tio
n
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Z
ain
ab
Ab
d
u
llah
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Un
iv
e
r
s
iti T
en
ag
a
Nasio
n
a
l
Pu
tr
ajay
a
C
am
p
u
s
,
4
3
0
0
0
Kaj
an
g
,
Selan
g
o
r
Ma
lay
s
ia
E
m
ail: z
ain
ab
m
r
s
ab
d
u
llah
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Hig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
g
lass
in
s
u
lato
r
s
,
an
ea
r
lier
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
ce
r
am
ic
in
s
u
lato
r
s
,
c
o
n
tin
u
e
to
b
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
s
y
s
tem
s
d
u
e
to
th
eir
r
o
b
u
s
t
m
e
ch
an
ical
s
tr
en
g
th
,
s
tr
o
n
g
r
esi
s
tan
ce
to
elec
tr
ical
s
tr
ess
,
an
d
d
u
r
ab
ilit
y
u
n
d
er
a
d
v
er
s
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
T
h
ese
in
s
u
lato
r
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
ess
en
tial
p
r
o
tectio
n
b
y
p
r
ev
e
n
tin
g
u
n
wan
ted
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
th
r
o
u
g
h
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
af
ety
f
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
[
3
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
g
lass
in
s
u
lato
r
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
ex
ce
llen
t
r
esis
tan
ce
to
m
ater
ial
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
elec
tr
ic
al
s
tr
ess
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
ac
tiv
ities
[
4
]
–
[
6
]
.
C
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
r
o
m
t
o
u
g
h
e
n
ed
g
lass
an
d
g
alv
an
ized
s
teel
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
th
ey
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
t
o
as
ca
p
-
an
d
-
p
in
i
n
s
u
lato
r
s
[
7
]
.
T
h
ese
in
s
u
lato
r
s
ar
e
ty
p
ically
ar
r
an
g
ed
in
s
u
s
p
en
s
io
n
o
r
ten
s
io
n
s
tr
in
g
s
o
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
to
wer
s
,
wh
er
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
n
its
p
er
s
tr
in
g
v
ar
ies
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
s
y
s
tem
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els,
s
u
ch
as
3
–
4
u
n
its
f
o
r
3
3
k
V,
5
u
n
i
ts
f
o
r
6
6
k
V,
an
d
6
–
1
2
u
n
its
f
o
r
1
3
2
k
V
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
8
]
–
[
1
1
]
.
Desp
ite
th
eir
ad
v
an
tag
es,
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
g
lass
in
s
u
lato
r
s
r
em
ain
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
o
llu
tio
n
,
w
h
ich
ca
n
d
eg
r
ad
e
th
eir
elec
tr
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
d
ep
o
s
itio
n
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
0
9
7
-
1
1
0
6
1098
p
o
llu
tan
ts
o
n
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
m
ay
in
itiate
m
ater
ial
d
e
ter
io
r
atio
n
an
d
ar
c
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
ac
tiv
ity
,
lead
in
g
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
tr
ess
an
d
a
h
ig
h
er
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
f
lash
o
v
er
.
Pre
v
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
l
u
en
ce
i
n
s
u
lato
r
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
wh
er
e
th
e
co
m
b
in
ed
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
p
o
llu
tan
ts
an
d
m
o
is
tu
r
e
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
s
u
r
f
ac
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
p
o
ten
tia
l
f
lash
o
v
er
e
v
en
ts
[
1
2
]
–
[
1
8
]
.
R
esear
ch
o
n
p
o
ll
u
tio
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
co
n
tam
in
an
t
ty
p
es
h
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
f
lash
o
v
er
m
ay
o
cc
u
r
wh
e
n
d
e
p
o
s
ited
p
o
llu
tan
ts
b
ec
o
m
e
we
t,
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
lay
er
alo
n
g
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
is
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
lay
er
f
ac
ilit
ates
leak
ag
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w,
th
er
e
b
y
r
e
d
u
cin
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
r
esis
tiv
ity
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
elec
tr
ical
s
tr
ess
.
G
en
er
ally
,
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
p
o
ll
u
tio
n
s
ev
er
ity
o
n
th
e
i
n
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
th
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
f
lash
o
v
er
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
Sh
ea
[
2
2
]
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
te
d
p
o
llu
tio
n
f
lash
o
v
er
p
r
o
b
lem
s
u
n
d
e
r
u
n
f
av
o
r
ab
le
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
wh
ile
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
u
tili
ze
d
h
u
m
id
ity
a
n
d
tem
p
er
a
tu
r
e
in
d
icato
r
s
to
e
v
alu
ate
f
las
h
o
v
er
b
eh
av
i
o
r
in
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
s
u
lato
r
s
[
2
3
]
.
L
ea
k
ag
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t a
n
aly
s
is
h
as b
ee
n
wid
ely
ad
o
p
ted
as a
m
eth
o
d
to
p
r
e
d
ict
f
lash
o
v
er
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
s
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
leak
a
g
e
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
in
s
u
latio
n
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
p
o
llu
tio
n
an
d
th
e
in
s
u
latio
n
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
Hig
h
er
elec
tr
ic
f
i
eld
m
ag
n
itu
d
es
ar
e
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
co
r
r
elate
d
with
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
f
la
s
h
o
v
er
r
is
k
d
u
e
t
o
ac
ce
ler
ated
ch
ar
g
e
m
o
v
em
en
t
an
d
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
s
u
r
f
ac
e
r
esi
s
tiv
ity
.
As
r
esis
tiv
ity
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
leak
ag
e
cu
r
r
en
t
in
cr
ea
s
es
alo
n
g
th
e
cr
ee
p
ag
e
p
ath
.
Yan
g
et
a
l.
[
2
6
]
s
im
ilar
ly
em
p
h
asized
th
at
leak
ag
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
b
o
th
c
o
n
tam
in
atio
n
s
ev
er
ity
an
d
in
s
u
latio
n
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
.
Ho
wev
er
,
alth
o
u
g
h
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
p
o
llu
ted
in
s
u
lato
r
s
,
s
ev
er
al
ch
allen
g
es
r
em
ain
.
E
x
p
er
im
en
tal
i
n
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
ar
e
o
f
ten
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
b
y
s
af
ety
r
is
k
s
,
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
li
m
itatio
n
s
,
an
d
d
if
f
icu
lties
in
d
ir
ec
tly
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
elec
tr
ic
f
ie
ld
m
ag
n
itu
d
es
u
n
d
er
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
n
o
n
-
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
h
ea
tin
g
an
d
lo
ca
lized
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
s
co
m
p
licate
th
e
ac
cu
r
ate
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
el
ec
tr
ic
f
ield
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
,
lim
itin
g
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
s
tr
ess
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
alo
n
g
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
T
o
a
d
d
r
ess
th
ese
li
m
itatio
n
s
,
s
im
u
latio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
(
FEM
)
,
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
alter
n
a
tiv
e
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
tr
ess
in
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
in
s
u
latio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
FEM
is
a
p
o
wer
f
u
l
co
m
p
u
t
atio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
r
ed
ictin
g
elec
tr
ic
p
o
ten
tial
an
d
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
with
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
en
ab
lin
g
d
etailed
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
s
tr
ess
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
d
f
lash
o
v
er
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
[
2
7
]
–
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
n
u
m
er
ical
m
o
d
elin
g
,
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
alo
n
g
th
e
cr
ee
p
ag
e
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
ca
p
-
a
n
d
-
p
in
g
lass
in
s
u
lato
r
s
ca
n
b
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
o
llu
tio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
p
o
llu
ti
o
n
lay
er
t
h
ick
n
ess
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
f
u
r
th
er
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
o
llu
tio
n
o
n
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
alo
n
g
t
h
e
cr
ee
p
a
g
e
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
-
u
n
it
1
1
k
V
g
lass
s
u
s
p
en
s
io
n
in
s
u
lato
r
u
s
in
g
a
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
(
2
D)
a
x
is
y
m
m
e
tr
ic
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
co
n
s
id
er
s
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
an
d
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
les
in
clu
d
in
g
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
p
o
ten
tial
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
,
an
d
leak
ag
e
cu
r
r
en
t,
with
k
ey
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as r
elativ
e
p
e
r
m
itti
v
ity
(
)
an
d
c
o
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
(
)
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
to
im
p
r
o
v
ed
in
s
u
lato
r
d
esig
n
,
o
p
tim
ized
m
ain
ten
an
ce
s
tr
ate
g
ies,
an
d
en
h
an
ce
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
A
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
(
2
D)
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
was
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
u
s
in
g
Au
to
C
AD
s
o
f
twar
e,
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
its
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
p
r
ec
is
io
n
in
cr
ea
tin
g
d
etailed
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
esig
n
s
.
W
h
ile
b
o
th
2
D
an
d
th
r
ee
-
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
al
(
3
D)
m
o
d
elin
g
o
p
tio
n
s
ar
e
av
ailab
le,
2
D
m
o
d
elin
g
is
o
f
ten
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
f
o
r
its
s
im
p
licity
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
m
ak
in
g
it m
o
r
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
in
itial d
esig
n
s
tag
es.
2
.
1
.
G
eo
m
e
t
ry
dev
elo
p
m
ent
o
f
g
la
s
s
ins
ula
t
o
r
A
2
D
ax
is
y
m
m
etr
ic
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
-
u
n
it
1
1
k
V
g
lass
s
u
s
p
en
s
io
n
in
s
u
lato
r
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
i
n
Au
to
C
AD
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
im
p
o
r
ted
in
to
C
OM
SOL
Mu
ltip
h
y
s
ics
(
v
er
s
io
n
5
.
0
)
f
o
r
n
u
m
er
ical
s
im
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
-
u
n
it
1
1
k
V
g
lass
in
s
u
lato
r
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
2
D
ax
is
y
m
m
etr
ic
m
o
d
el
was
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
in
g
Au
to
C
AD.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
in
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
in
s
u
lato
r
an
aly
s
is
d
u
e
to
it
s
ef
f
icien
cy
i
n
h
a
n
d
lin
g
r
o
tatio
n
ally
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
g
eo
m
etr
ies
a
n
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
r
ed
u
ce
s
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
tim
e
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
alo
n
g
th
e
in
s
u
lat
o
r
p
r
o
f
ile.
T
h
e
2
D
in
s
u
lato
r
m
o
d
el
co
m
p
r
is
es
f
iv
e
d
is
tin
ct
r
eg
io
n
s
wh
ich
U1
:
Pin
(
s
teel)
,
U2
:
C
em
en
t
b
etwe
en
ca
p
an
d
g
lass
,
U3
:
Glass
d
ielec
tr
ic
b
o
d
y
,
U4
:
C
em
en
t
b
etwe
en
g
lass
an
d
c
ap
,
U5
:
C
ap
(
s
teel)
.
T
h
ese
r
e
g
io
n
s
wer
e
ca
r
ef
u
lly
d
ef
in
ed
as
s
ep
ar
ate
d
o
m
ain
s
to
en
ab
le
ac
cu
r
ate
ass
ig
n
m
en
t o
f
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
as
d
ep
ic
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
2
D
m
o
d
el
d
esig
n
was
ex
tr
u
d
e
d
in
to
a
3
D
in
s
u
lato
r
m
o
d
el,
a
s
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
3
D
e
x
tr
u
d
e
d
m
o
d
el
i
n
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
lay
e
r
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
g
en
er
ate
d
3
D
g
lass
i
n
s
u
lato
r
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
in
a
lized
g
eo
m
etr
y
th
at
was
v
er
if
ied
th
e
co
n
tin
u
ity
a
n
d
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
o
v
er
lap
p
i
n
g
o
r
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
b
ef
o
r
e
s
im
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
g
eo
m
etr
ical
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
wer
e
ad
o
p
ted
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
I
E
C
6
0
3
8
3
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
i
n
s
u
lato
r
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
-
u
n
it
1
1
k
V
g
lass
in
s
u
lato
r
with
p
o
s
s
es
s
es
a
d
iam
eter
(
D)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
F
la
s
h
o
ve
r
o
f a
p
o
llu
ted
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
in
s
u
la
to
r
u
n
d
er e
lectric field
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
(
Za
in
a
b
A
b
d
u
lla
h
)
1099
o
f
2
5
5
m
m
,
a
h
eig
h
t
(
H)
o
f
1
2
7
m
m
,
a
n
d
a
n
o
m
in
al
cr
ee
p
ag
e
d
is
tan
ce
(
L
)
o
f
3
2
0
m
m
.
T
h
ese
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
s
er
v
e
as th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
in
itial m
o
d
el
d
e
s
ig
n
[
3
6
]
.
M
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
to
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
im
u
latio
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
wer
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
th
e
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
air
d
o
m
ain
was
ex
ten
d
e
d
to
at
lea
s
t
th
r
ee
tim
es
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
d
iam
eter
to
m
in
im
ize
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
e
f
f
ec
ts
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
a
cc
u
r
ate
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Glass
in
s
u
lato
r
in
ac
t
u
al
v
iew
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
2
D
in
s
u
lato
r
m
o
d
el
i
n
lay
er
d
o
m
ain
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
3
D
ex
tr
u
d
ed
m
o
d
el
i
n
(
a)
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
lay
er
s
an
d
(
b
)
g
en
er
ated
3
D
g
lass
in
s
u
lato
r
m
o
d
el
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
0
9
7
-
1
1
0
6
1100
T
ab
le
1
.
Dim
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
a
s
in
g
l
e
-
u
n
it 1
1
k
V
g
lass
in
s
u
lato
r
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
D
i
a
me
t
e
r
(
D
,
mm
)
H
e
i
g
h
t
(
H
,
mm
)
N
o
mi
n
a
l
c
r
e
e
p
a
g
e
d
i
st
a
n
c
e
(
L,
mm
)
G
l
a
ss
2
5
5
1
2
7
3
2
0
2
.
2
.
Sim
ula
t
i
o
n set
up
in CO
M
SO
L
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
ted
g
e
o
m
etr
y
was
s
o
lv
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
s
tatics
in
ter
f
ac
e
u
n
d
er
th
e
AC
/DC
m
o
d
u
le
in
C
OM
SOL
Mu
ltip
h
y
s
ics.
T
w
o
s
u
r
f
ac
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
f
o
r
ii
)
clea
n
s
u
r
f
ac
e
(
C
S)
an
d
ii
)
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
o
llu
ted
(
SP
)
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
cr
ee
p
ag
e
d
is
tan
ce
a
lo
n
g
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
s
p
a
n
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
p
o
in
t
to
p
o
in
t
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
o
llu
ted
m
o
d
el,
a
u
n
if
o
r
m
c
o
n
tam
in
atio
n
la
y
er
w
ith
a
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
1
.
5
m
m
a
n
d
len
g
th
o
f
4
3
m
m
was
ap
p
lied
alo
n
g
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
T
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
in
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
f
o
r
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as in
(
1
)
:
=
−
.
(
1
)
wh
er
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
in
ten
s
ity
(
V/m
)
,
is
th
e
r
ate
o
f
ch
an
g
e
an
d
is
th
e
v
o
l
tag
e
p
o
ten
tia
l
(
V)
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
r
ee
p
a
g
e
d
is
tan
ce
(
to
with
d
o
tted
lin
e)
2
.
2
.
1
.
B
o
un
da
ry
co
nd
it
io
ns
T
h
e
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
lin
e
o
f
th
e
AC
v
o
ltag
e
was
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
p
in
,
an
d
th
e
ca
p
was
c
o
n
n
e
cted
to
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
elec
tr
o
d
e
ter
m
in
al
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
f
lo
w
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
t
o
wer
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
n
d
er
q
u
asi
-
s
tatic,
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
co
n
d
itio
n
s
at
a
p
o
wer
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
5
0
Hz,
wh
e
r
e
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
o
m
in
at
es
an
d
m
ag
n
etic
ef
f
ec
ts
ar
e
n
eg
lig
ib
le.
T
h
e
o
u
ter
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
o
f
th
e
air
d
o
m
ain
was
ass
ig
n
ed
elec
tr
ic
in
s
u
latio
n
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
to
em
u
late
an
o
p
en
-
s
p
ac
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
with
o
u
t
e
x
ter
n
al
f
ield
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
T
h
e
p
ea
k
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
e
was
s
elec
ted
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
elec
tr
ic
s
tr
ess
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
y
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
as
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
in
ten
s
ity
is
d
ir
ec
tly
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
ap
p
li
ed
p
o
ten
tial.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
es c
o
n
s
er
v
ativ
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t u
n
d
er
w
o
r
s
t
-
ca
s
e
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
2
.
2
.
2
.
M
esh
ing
s
t
ra
t
eg
y
I
n
C
OM
SOL
Mu
ltip
h
y
s
ics,
m
esh
g
en
er
atio
n
in
v
o
lv
es
s
u
b
d
iv
id
in
g
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
d
o
m
ain
in
to
s
m
aller
elem
en
ts
,
ty
p
ically
tr
i
an
g
u
lar
in
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
m
o
d
els,
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
n
u
m
er
ical
a
n
aly
s
is
.
A
p
h
y
s
ics
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
f
in
e
m
esh
was
i
m
p
lem
en
ted
,
with
lo
ca
l
m
esh
r
ef
i
n
em
en
t
a
p
p
lied
at
tr
ip
l
e
ju
n
ctio
n
r
eg
i
o
n
s
,
cr
ee
p
ag
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
an
d
p
o
llu
tio
n
lay
er
in
ter
f
ac
e.
Me
s
h
in
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
a
n
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
c
ted
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
m
esh
d
e
n
s
ity
d
id
n
o
t sig
n
if
ican
tly
af
f
ec
t th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
v
alu
es.
2
.
2
.
3
.
E
lect
ric
f
ield e
v
a
lua
t
io
n
T
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
alo
n
g
t
h
e
in
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
was
ev
alu
ated
f
o
r
b
o
th
C
S
an
d
SP
co
n
d
itio
n
s
as r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
elec
tr
i
c
f
ield
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
was
ex
tr
ac
te
d
to
a
n
aly
ze
s
tr
ess
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
F
la
s
h
o
ve
r
o
f a
p
o
llu
ted
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
in
s
u
la
to
r
u
n
d
er e
lectric field
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
(
Za
in
a
b
A
b
d
u
lla
h
)
1101
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
r
eg
io
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
C
S
m
o
d
el,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
SP
m
o
d
el
with
th
e
p
o
llu
tio
n
lay
e
r
.
T
h
e
b
lu
e
lin
e
in
d
icate
s
th
e
cr
ee
p
ag
e
d
is
tan
ce
alo
n
g
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
wh
ich
is
cr
itical
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
ass
ig
n
ed
to
ea
ch
d
o
m
ain
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
a
r
e
lis
ted
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
T
h
e
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
,
o
f
th
e
g
lass
d
ielec
tr
ic
(
U3
)
is
ass
ig
n
ed
a
v
alu
e
o
f
4
.
2
.
T
h
e
s
teel
(
U1
an
d
U5
)
is
s
et
u
p
as
1
.
0
,
an
d
th
e
ce
m
en
t
(
U2
an
d
U4
)
is
tak
en
as
2
.
0
9
.
T
h
e
air
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
s
h
as
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
p
e
r
m
itti
v
ity
o
f
1
.
0
.
T
h
e
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
o
f
8
1
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
is
u
n
if
o
r
m
ly
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
,
with
a
p
o
llu
tio
n
lay
er
o
n
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
T
h
e
air
r
eg
io
n
b
o
r
d
er
s
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tic
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
s
tem
in
a
s
o
litar
y
,
o
p
e
n
s
p
ac
e
with
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
an
an
ticip
ated
ze
r
o
e
x
ter
n
al
cu
r
r
e
n
t.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Simu
latio
n
m
o
d
els i
n
(
a)
clea
n
s
u
r
f
ac
e
(
CS
)
an
d
(
b
)
p
o
llu
ted
s
u
r
f
ac
e
(
SP
)
T
ab
le
2
.
E
lectr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
m
ater
ials
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
i
t
t
i
v
i
t
y
(
)
S
t
e
e
l
(
U
1
,
U
5
)
1
.
0
(
m
o
d
e
l
e
d
a
s P
EC
)
G
l
a
ss (U
3
)
4
.
2
C
e
me
n
t
(
U
2
,
U
4
)
2
.
0
9
A
i
r
1
.
0
P
o
l
l
u
t
i
o
n
l
a
y
e
r
81
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
m
o
d
elin
g
s
tag
es,
s
im
u
latio
n
s
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
b
o
t
h
clea
n
an
d
p
o
llu
te
d
in
s
u
lato
r
s
,
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
ar
e
cr
itical
p
h
ase
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
m
ax
im
u
m
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
v
alu
es f
o
r
b
o
th
C
S a
n
d
SP
m
o
d
els
wer
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
with
th
e
I
E
C
6
0
3
8
3
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
C
S
m
o
d
el
s
tay
ed
with
in
s
af
e
lim
its
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
at
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
d
esig
n
m
ee
ts
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
SP
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
wed
lo
ca
lize
d
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
i
eld
d
u
e
to
p
o
llu
tio
n
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
in
s
u
lato
r
clea
n
in
g
o
r
d
esig
n
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
m
ay
b
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
in
h
ig
h
-
p
o
llu
tio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
3
.
1
.
M
esh
ing
dis
cr
et
iza
t
io
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a
)
a
n
d
6
(
b
)
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
esh
in
g
d
is
cr
etiza
tio
n
f
o
r
b
o
th
C
S
an
d
SP
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
cr
u
cial,
esp
ec
ially
in
r
eg
io
n
s
wh
er
e
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
ex
h
ib
it
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
,
as
it
en
s
u
r
es
ac
cu
r
ate
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
an
d
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
g
en
e
r
ated
m
esh
d
ef
in
es
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
d
el,
d
el
in
ea
tin
g
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
ies
an
d
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
.
A
f
in
er
m
esh
,
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
s
m
aller
elem
en
ts
,
ca
n
ca
p
tu
r
e
d
etailed
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ately
b
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
in
cr
e
ased
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
tim
e.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
a
co
ar
s
er
m
esh
r
ed
u
ce
s
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
lo
a
d
b
u
t
m
a
y
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
r
esu
lt
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
elec
tin
g
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
esh
s
ize
in
v
o
lv
es
b
alan
cin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
p
r
ec
is
io
n
with
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
esh
elem
en
ts
is
in
h
er
en
tly
d
ep
en
d
en
t o
n
th
e
ac
tu
al
s
ize
an
d
co
m
p
le
x
ity
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
g
e
o
m
etr
y
.
3
.
2
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n o
f
t
he
elec
t
ric
f
ield
dis
t
rib
utio
n bet
wee
n c
lea
n a
nd
po
llu
t
ed
s
urf
a
ce
s
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
o
r
b
o
th
clea
n
an
d
p
o
llu
ted
in
s
u
lat
o
r
s
u
r
f
ac
es
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
(
a)
,
th
e
eq
u
ip
o
ten
tial
c
o
n
to
u
r
lin
es
f
o
r
t
h
e
clea
n
s
u
r
f
ac
e
co
n
d
itio
n
ar
e
d
ep
icted
,
with
b
lu
e
r
e
p
r
esen
t
in
g
th
e
lo
west
p
o
ten
tial
v
alu
es
an
d
r
ed
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
h
ig
h
est.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
i
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
0
9
7
-
1
1
0
6
1102
v
alid
ates
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
i
n
s
u
lato
r
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
s
er
v
es
as
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
also
h
elp
s
to
e
n
h
an
ce
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
an
aly
s
is
.
Fo
r
th
e
C
S
m
o
d
el,
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
in
ten
s
ity
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
n
ea
r
th
e
tr
ip
le
ju
n
ctio
n
r
eg
io
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
in
,
g
lass
,
an
d
air
,
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
h
ig
h
-
s
tr
ess
r
eg
io
n
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
e
p
ea
k
v
alu
e
d
id
n
o
t
e
x
ce
ed
th
e
I
E
C
6
0
3
8
3
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
with
s
tan
d
lim
i
t
f
o
r
a
s
in
g
le
-
u
n
it
1
1
k
V
in
s
u
lato
r
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
d
esig
n
ad
e
q
u
ac
y
u
n
d
er
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
o
llu
te
d
(
SP
)
co
n
d
itio
n
as
illu
s
tr
ates
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
a
p
o
l
lu
tio
n
lay
er
(
th
ic
k
n
ess
=
1
.
5
m
m
,
len
g
th
=
4
3
m
m
)
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
alter
ed
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
at
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
llu
tio
n
lay
er
,
with
p
ea
k
v
a
lu
es
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
at
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
o
llu
tio
n
la
y
er
an
d
th
e
g
lass
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
s
p
ec
if
ically
at
p
o
in
ts
A,
B
,
an
d
C
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
co
n
tam
in
atio
n
e
n
h
an
ce
s
l
o
ca
l
elec
tr
ic
s
tr
ess
,
wh
ich
co
u
ld
p
o
ten
tially
tr
ig
g
er
s
u
r
f
ac
e
f
lash
o
v
er
u
n
d
e
r
e
x
tr
em
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
N
o
tab
ly
,
el
ev
ated
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
in
ten
s
ities
ar
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
at
in
ter
n
al
r
eg
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
es.
T
h
ese
lo
ca
lized
en
h
an
ce
m
en
ts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
p
o
llu
tio
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
p
o
ten
tially
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
s
u
r
f
ac
e
f
lash
o
v
er
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Me
s
h
in
g
d
is
cr
etiza
tio
n
in
(
a
)
C
S in
s
u
lato
r
an
d
(
b
)
SP
in
s
u
lato
r
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
n
to
u
r
e
lectr
ic
f
iel
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
n
(
a)
a
clea
n
in
s
u
lato
r
an
d
(
b
)
a
p
o
llu
te
d
in
s
u
l
ato
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
F
la
s
h
o
ve
r
o
f a
p
o
llu
ted
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
in
s
u
la
to
r
u
n
d
er e
lectric field
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
(
Za
in
a
b
A
b
d
u
lla
h
)
1103
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
o
r
b
o
th
clea
n
s
u
r
f
ac
e
(
C
S)
an
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
o
llu
ted
(
SP
)
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
I
n
th
e
ch
a
r
t,
th
e
C
S c
o
n
d
itio
n
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
b
lu
e
lin
e
,
wh
ile
th
e
SP
co
n
d
itio
n
is
d
ep
i
cted
b
y
a
r
ed
lin
e
.
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
in
R
eg
io
n
I
,
b
o
th
m
o
d
els
ex
h
ib
it
a
p
ea
k
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
i
n
ten
s
ity
n
ea
r
th
e
ca
p
,
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
ately
1
k
V/m
m
.
I
n
R
eg
io
n
I
I
,
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
d
ec
eler
atin
g
tr
en
d
with
n
o
ticea
b
le
u
n
d
u
latio
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
en
d
(
0
V)
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
en
d
(
1
1
k
V)
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
b
etwe
en
2
0
m
m
an
d
4
0
m
m
alo
n
g
th
e
cr
ee
p
ag
e
d
is
tan
ce
.
R
eg
io
n
I
I
I
ex
h
ib
its
d
is
tin
ct
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
C
S
an
d
SP
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
tan
g
en
tial
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
an
al
y
s
is
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
f
o
r
th
e
C
S
m
o
d
el,
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
is
r
elativ
ely
u
n
if
o
r
m
alo
n
g
t
h
e
cr
ee
p
ag
e
p
ath
,
with
m
in
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
n
ea
r
tr
ip
le
ju
n
ctio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
SP
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
p
ik
es
at
th
e
p
o
llu
tio
n
lay
er
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies,
in
d
icatin
g
h
ig
h
lo
ca
l
s
tr
ess
zo
n
es.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
cr
itical
r
o
le
o
f
s
u
r
f
ac
e
co
n
tam
in
atio
n
in
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
g
lass
in
s
u
lato
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
alig
n
with
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
s
u
ch
as
Salh
i
et
a
l.
[
3
7
]
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
p
o
llu
tio
n
ca
n
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
i
n
s
u
lato
r
’
s
with
s
tan
d
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
f
lash
o
v
er
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
a
p
o
llu
tio
n
lay
er
o
n
th
e
in
s
u
la
to
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
alter
s
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
esp
ec
ially
at
th
e
tr
ip
le
j
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
air
,
ca
p
,
an
d
g
lass
in
ter
f
ac
es.
T
h
is
alter
atio
n
f
ac
ilit
a
tes
th
e
m
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
ch
ar
g
es
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
o
llu
tio
n
lay
e
r
,
i
n
s
u
latio
n
m
ater
ial,
an
d
co
n
d
u
cto
r
in
ter
f
ac
e,
lead
i
n
g
t
o
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
m
ag
n
itu
d
es
an
d
ca
n
p
r
o
m
o
te
lo
ca
lized
s
u
r
f
ac
e
h
ea
tin
g
,
p
r
im
ar
ily
n
ea
r
th
e
e
n
d
-
f
itti
n
g
r
eg
io
n
s
,
an
d
m
ay
p
r
ec
ip
itate
f
lash
o
v
er
ev
en
ts
.
I
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
in
ten
s
ity
ex
ce
ed
s
4
.
5
k
V/m
m
,
th
e
lik
e
lih
o
o
d
o
f
in
s
u
lato
r
f
lash
o
v
er
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
in
cr
ea
s
es.
T
h
ese
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ate
t
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
No
r
m
alize
d
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
alo
n
g
t
h
e
cr
ee
p
a
g
e
p
ath
f
o
r
C
S a
n
d
SP
s
u
r
f
ac
es
3
.
3
.
E
f
f
ec
t
o
f
g
eo
m
et
rica
l a
n
d m
a
t
er
ia
l pro
pert
ies
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
th
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
o
f
t
h
e
in
s
u
l
ato
r
(
d
iam
eter
,
c
r
ee
p
ag
e
d
is
tan
ce
,
tr
ip
le
ju
n
ctio
n
r
eg
io
n
s
)
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
tie
s
o
f
g
lass
(
=
4
.
2
)
,
ce
m
en
t
(
=
2
.
0
9
)
,
an
d
s
teel
(
1
.
0
)
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
f
ield
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
an
d
in
ter
n
al
r
eg
io
n
s
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
u
g
g
ested
t
h
at
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
c
r
ee
p
ag
e
d
i
s
tan
ce
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
p
ea
k
s
u
r
f
ac
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
llu
tio
n
lay
er
(
=
8
1
)
c
o
n
c
en
tr
ates
th
e
f
ield
at
th
e
lay
er
ed
g
es,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
eo
r
etica
l p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
f
r
o
m
elec
tr
o
s
tatics.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
a
2
D
ax
is
y
m
m
etr
ic
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
-
u
n
it
1
1
k
V
g
lass
s
u
s
p
en
s
io
n
in
s
u
lato
r
u
n
d
er
b
o
th
clea
n
a
n
d
p
o
llu
ted
s
u
r
f
ac
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
u
s
in
g
C
OM
SOL
Mu
ltip
h
y
s
ics.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
s
u
r
f
ac
e
co
n
tam
i
n
atio
n
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
tly
af
f
ec
ts
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
in
s
u
lato
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Pro
p
er
in
s
u
lato
r
g
eo
m
etr
y
a
n
d
m
ater
i
al
s
elec
tio
n
ar
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
m
in
im
izin
g
elec
tr
ic
s
tr
ess
.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
s
im
u
latio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
0
9
7
-
1
1
0
6
1104
u
s
in
g
C
OM
SOL
2
D
ax
is
y
m
m
etr
ic
m
o
d
els
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
r
e
liab
le
to
o
l
to
p
r
ed
ict
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
p
r
io
r
t
o
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
.
A
w
ell
-
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
m
o
d
el
f
ac
ilit
at
es
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
ac
c
u
r
ate
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
I
n
ac
cu
r
ate
p
ar
am
eter
d
ata
ca
n
p
r
o
lo
n
g
s
im
u
latio
n
tim
es
an
d
c
o
m
p
li
ca
te
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
r
esu
lts
.
Par
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
p
o
ll
u
tio
n
lay
e
r
th
ick
n
ess
,
an
d
m
ater
ial
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
th
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
f
lash
o
v
er
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
ts
o
f
in
s
u
lato
r
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
ar
e
cr
u
cial
to
en
h
a
n
ce
d
esig
n
ef
f
icac
y
.
T
h
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
two
ca
s
es in
clea
n
an
d
p
o
llu
ted
in
s
u
lato
r
s
r
elate
s
to
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
i
n
ten
s
ity
an
d
h
o
t
s
p
o
t
f
o
r
m
atio
n
alo
n
g
th
e
cr
ee
p
ag
e
d
is
tan
ce
s
alo
n
g
th
e
in
s
u
l
ato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
ac
tical
g
u
id
an
ce
f
o
r
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
an
d
g
e
o
m
etr
y
o
n
in
s
u
lato
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
r
e
g
io
n
s
with
h
ig
h
p
o
l
lu
tio
n
lev
els.
I
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
d
esig
n
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
an
d
s
elec
tin
g
s
u
itab
le
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
ca
n
m
itig
ate
th
e
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
p
o
llu
tio
n
,
t
h
er
eb
y
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
l
o
n
g
ev
ity
o
f
p
o
wer
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
wo
u
ld
lik
e
t
o
th
an
k
UNI
T
E
N
f
o
r
th
eir
co
o
p
er
ati
o
n
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
co
n
f
lict o
f
in
t
er
est.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
Data
av
ailab
ilit
y
is
n
o
t
ap
p
li
ca
b
le
to
th
is
p
ap
er
as
n
o
n
e
w
d
ata
wer
e
cr
ea
ted
o
r
an
aly
ze
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
A
.
A
l
st
o
n
,
“
P
o
r
c
e
l
a
i
n
a
n
d
g
l
a
ss
i
n
su
l
a
t
o
r
i
n
h
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
I
n
su
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
2
4
–
3
3
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
2
]
S
.
K
h
a
n
,
S
.
A
l
a
m
,
a
n
d
M
.
Z.
S
a
l
e
e
m,
“
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
a
n
d
l
e
a
k
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
g
l
a
ss
a
n
d
p
o
r
c
e
l
a
i
n
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
s
u
n
d
e
r
c
l
e
a
n
a
n
d
p
o
l
l
u
t
e
d
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s:
A
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
st
u
d
y
o
f
t
h
r
e
e
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s,”
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
P
o
w
e
r S
y
s
t
e
m
s
R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
9
,
p
.
1
1
1
2
8
3
,
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
p
sr
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
1
1
2
8
3
.
[
3
]
J.
S
.
T.
Lo
o
ms,
I
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
rs
f
o
r Hi
g
h
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
.
P
e
t
e
r
P
e
r
e
g
r
i
n
u
s
Lt
d
.
,
1
9
8
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/
p
b
p
o
0
0
7
e
.
[
4
]
L.
L
.
G
r
i
g
s
b
y
,
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
,
a
n
d
d
i
s
t
ri
b
u
t
i
o
n
:
T
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
ri
c
p
o
w
e
r
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
h
a
n
d
b
o
o
k
,
3
r
d
e
d
.
C
R
C
P
r
e
ss,
2
0
1
2
.
[
5
]
W
.
D
.
M
e
t
z
,
H
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
:
a
c
c
e
l
e
ra
t
i
n
g
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
7
,
n
o
.
4
0
4
4
.
B
u
t
t
e
r
w
o
r
t
h
-
H
e
i
n
e
man
n
,
1
9
7
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
2
6
/
sc
i
e
n
c
e
.
1
7
7
.
4
0
4
4
.
1
5
1
.
[
6
]
A
.
P
.
M
i
sh
r
a
,
R
.
S
.
G
o
r
u
r
,
a
n
d
S
.
V
e
n
k
a
t
a
r
a
m
a
n
,
“
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
p
o
r
c
e
l
a
i
n
a
n
d
t
o
u
g
h
e
n
e
d
g
l
a
ss
s
u
s
p
e
n
si
o
n
i
n
su
l
a
t
o
r
s
r
e
m
o
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
ser
v
i
c
e
,
”
I
E
EE
T
r
a
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
D
i
e
l
e
c
t
ri
c
s
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
I
n
su
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
6
7
–
4
7
5
,
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TD
EI
.
2
0
0
8
.
4
4
8
3
4
6
6
.
[
7
]
G
l
o
b
a
l
I
n
su
l
a
t
o
r
G
r
o
u
p
,
“
G
l
a
ss
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
s
f
o
r
1
0
–
1
1
5
0
k
V
o
v
e
r
h
e
a
d
l
i
n
e
s
a
n
d
s
u
b
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
-
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
c
a
t
a
l
o
g
u
e
,”
G
l
o
b
a
l
I
n
su
l
a
t
o
r Gr
o
u
p
.
p
p
.
1
–
1
6
,
2
0
2
1
.
[
8
]
S
.
F
.
M
.
N
o
r
,
M
.
Z.
A
.
A
b
K
a
d
i
r
,
A
.
M
.
A
r
i
f
f
i
n
,
M
.
O
sma
n
,
M
.
S
.
A
.
R
a
h
man
,
a
n
d
N
.
M
.
Z
a
i
n
u
d
d
i
n
,
“
S
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
ses
o
n
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
u
p
r
a
t
i
n
g
o
f
1
3
2
k
v
t
r
a
n
smi
ssi
o
n
l
i
n
e
s:
A
c
a
s
e
st
u
d
y
i
n
ma
l
a
y
si
a
,
”
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
(
S
w
i
t
z
e
rl
a
n
d
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
9
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
a
p
p
1
1
1
9
9
0
8
7
.
[
9
]
H
.
R
a
h
ma
n
,
M
.
S
.
H
o
ss
a
i
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
H
a
sa
n
,
“
A
o
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
o
f
A
1
3
2
/
3
3
K
V
s
u
b
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
T
h
e
s
i
s,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
D
a
f
f
o
d
i
l
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
1
0
]
M
.
O
t
h
ma
n
,
M
.
I
sa,
M
.
N
.
M
a
z
l
e
e
,
M
.
A
.
M
.
P
i
a
h
,
a
n
d
N
.
A
.
R
a
h
ma
n
,
“
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
3
3
k
V
s
t
r
i
n
g
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
s u
s
i
n
g
f
i
n
i
t
e
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
met
h
o
d
(
F
E
M
)
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
9
I
EEE
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
S
C
O
R
e
D
2
0
1
9
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
8
6
–
89
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
S
C
O
R
ED
.
2
0
1
9
.
8
8
9
6
2
7
3
.
[
1
1
]
K
.
H
o
l
t
z
h
a
u
s
e
n
a
n
d
W
.
V
o
sl
o
o
,
H
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
-
Pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
a
n
d
T
h
e
o
r
y
.
2
0
1
1
.
[
1
2
]
S
.
S
a
t
t
a
,
A
.
B
a
y
a
d
i
,
a
n
d
R
.
B
o
u
d
i
ss
a
,
“
A
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
f
l
a
s
h
o
v
e
r
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
a
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
p
o
l
l
u
t
e
d
g
l
a
ss
f
l
a
t
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
p
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
e
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
4
5
4
–
3
4
6
5
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
e
c
e
.
v
1
2
i
4
.
p
p
3
4
5
4
-
3
4
6
5
.
[
1
3
]
M
.
T.
G
e
n
c
o
g
l
u
,
“
Th
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
so
n
o
f
c
e
r
a
m
i
c
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
c
e
r
a
mi
c
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
s
,
”
e
-
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
N
e
w
W
o
rl
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
Ac
a
d
e
m
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
7
5
–
2
9
4
,
2
0
0
7
.
[
1
4
]
M
.
P
.
La
l
i
t
h
a
,
K
.
V
.
P
.
K
u
mar,
a
n
d
V
.
S
a
m
a
l
a
,
“
D
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
s
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
n
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
n
d
i
s
c
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
s
u
si
n
g
f
i
n
i
t
e
e
l
e
me
n
t
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
n
O
p
e
r
a
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
4
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
m
a
r
t
El
e
c
t
ri
c
G
r
i
d
,
I
S
EG
2
0
1
4
,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
–
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
S
EG
.
2
0
1
4
.
7
0
0
5
5
8
7
.
[
1
5
]
S
.
H
a
r
d
i
,
Y
.
Ta
r
i
g
a
n
,
H
.
Zu
l
k
a
r
n
a
e
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
H
a
si
b
u
a
n
,
“
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
p
o
l
l
u
t
a
n
t
s
o
n
d
i
sc
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
s
u
n
d
e
r
d
r
y
a
n
d
w
e
t
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
l
e
a
k
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
a
n
d
f
l
a
s
h
o
v
e
r
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
9
3
r
d
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
,
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
ELT
I
C
O
M
2
0
1
9
-
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
7
4
–
1
7
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
ELTI
C
O
M
4
7
3
7
9
.
2
0
1
9
.
8
9
4
3
8
5
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
F
la
s
h
o
ve
r
o
f a
p
o
llu
ted
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
in
s
u
la
to
r
u
n
d
er e
lectric field
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
(
Za
in
a
b
A
b
d
u
lla
h
)
1105
[
1
6
]
H
.
N
o
u
i
r
-
M
a
sm
o
u
d
i
a
n
d
N
.
D
h
a
h
b
i
-
M
e
g
r
i
c
h
e
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
f
p
o
l
l
u
t
i
o
n
l
a
y
e
r
d
i
s
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
i
t
y
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
d
r
y
b
a
n
d
s
p
r
e
sen
c
e
o
n
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
a
n
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
a
l
o
n
g
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
,
”
i
n
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
2
0
2
2
5
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
n
d
Em
e
r
g
e
n
t
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
,
I
C
_
A
S
ET
2
0
2
2
,
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
2
3
3
–
238
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
_
A
S
ET
5
3
3
9
5
.
2
0
2
2
.
9
7
6
5
8
6
0
.
[
1
7
]
J.
A
.
A
r
a
ú
j
o
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
c
a
se
st
u
d
y
o
f
g
l
a
ss
i
n
su
l
a
t
o
r
p
i
n
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
i
n
5
0
0
k
V
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ss
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
,
”
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
Fa
i
l
u
re
An
a
l
y
si
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
3
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
9
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
n
g
f
a
i
l
a
n
a
l
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
7
5
8
2
.
[
1
8
]
A
.
A
.
S
a
l
e
m
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
c
o
n
t
a
mi
n
a
t
i
o
n
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
i
n
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
l
a
s
h
o
v
e
r
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
o
n
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
,
”
Ai
n
S
h
a
m
s E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
.
1
0
2
2
4
9
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
a
se
j
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
2
2
4
9
.
[
1
9
]
M
.
G
.
G
e
b
r
e
mi
c
h
a
e
l
,
J.
M
.
B
i
k
o
r
i
m
a
n
a
,
a
n
d
J.
D
e
sm
e
t
,
“
F
l
a
sh
o
v
e
r
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
g
l
a
ss
a
n
d
p
o
r
c
e
l
a
i
n
i
n
su
l
a
t
o
r
s
w
i
t
h
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
c
o
n
t
a
mi
n
a
n
t
s
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
2
I
EEE
PE
S
/
I
A
S
Po
w
e
r
Af
r
i
c
a
,
Po
w
e
r
Af
r
i
c
a
2
0
2
2
,
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
1
–
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
P
o
w
e
r
A
f
r
i
c
a
5
3
9
9
7
.
2
0
2
2
.
9
9
0
5
2
7
7
.
[
2
0
]
I
.
R
a
mi
r
e
z
,
R
.
H
e
r
n
á
n
d
e
z
,
a
n
d
G
.
M
o
n
t
o
y
a
,
“
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
me
n
t
o
f
l
e
a
k
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
f
o
r
mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
s
i
n
p
o
l
l
u
t
e
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
s,”
I
EEE
El
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
I
n
s
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
M
a
g
a
z
i
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
9
–
3
4
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
M
EI
.
2
0
1
2
.
6
2
3
2
0
0
7
.
[
2
1
]
A
.
A
.
S
a
l
e
m,
R
.
A
b
d
-
R
a
h
ma
n
,
S
.
A
.
A
l
-
G
a
i
l
a
n
i
,
M
.
S
.
K
a
m
a
r
u
d
i
n
,
H
.
A
h
mad
,
a
n
d
Z.
S
a
l
a
m,
“
T
h
e
l
e
a
k
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s a
s
a
d
i
a
g
n
o
s
t
i
c
t
o
o
l
t
o
e
st
i
ma
t
e
c
o
n
t
a
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
l
e
v
e
l
o
n
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
n
su
l
a
t
o
r
s,”
I
EE
E
A
c
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
p
p
.
9
2
5
1
4
–
9
2
5
2
8
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
ESS
.
2
0
2
0
.
2
9
9
3
6
3
0
.
[
2
2
]
J.
S
h
e
a
,
“
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
H
i
g
h
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
[
B
o
o
k
R
e
v
i
e
w
]
,
”
I
EEE
El
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
I
n
su
l
a
t
i
o
n
Ma
g
a
zi
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
3
–
5
3
,
2
0
0
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
me
i
.
2
0
0
7
.
2
8
8
4
7
1
.
[
2
3
]
S
.
A
ma
l
i
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
h
u
m
i
d
i
t
y
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
o
n
f
l
a
s
h
o
v
e
r
i
n
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
t
r
a
n
smis
si
o
n
l
i
n
e
c
e
r
a
mi
c
i
n
su
l
a
t
o
r
s
,
”
T
E
M
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
7
0
–
6
8
0
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
8
4
2
1
/
T
EM
1
3
1
-
7
0
.
[
2
4
]
A
.
A
.
S
a
l
e
m
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
o
l
l
u
t
i
o
n
f
l
a
s
h
o
v
e
r
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s
o
f
c
o
a
t
e
d
i
n
su
l
a
t
o
r
s
u
n
d
e
r
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
s
o
f
c
o
a
t
i
n
g
d
a
mag
e
,
”
C
o
a
t
i
n
g
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
.
1
1
9
4
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
c
o
a
t
i
n
g
s
1
1
1
0
1
1
9
4
.
[
2
5
]
M
.
J
u
n
a
i
d
,
J.
W
a
n
g
,
H
.
Li
,
B
.
X
i
a
n
g
,
Z.
Li
u
,
a
n
d
Y
.
G
e
n
g
,
“
F
l
a
s
h
o
v
e
r
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
v
a
c
u
u
m
i
n
t
e
r
r
u
p
t
e
r
s i
n
l
i
q
u
i
d
n
i
t
r
o
g
e
n
a
n
d
i
t
s
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
so
n
w
i
t
h
a
i
r
a
n
d
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
e
r
o
i
l
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
u
p
e
r
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
n
g
sw
i
t
c
h
g
e
a
r
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
Po
w
e
r
a
n
d
E
n
e
r
g
y
S
y
st
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
5
,
p
.
1
0
6
5
0
4
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
j
e
p
e
s
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
0
6
5
0
4
.
[
2
6
]
Z.
Y
a
n
g
,
X
.
Ji
a
n
g
,
Z
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
D
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
Y
.
Li
u
,
“
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
o
f
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
s
i
n
su
l
a
t
o
r
st
r
i
n
g
u
n
d
e
r
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
p
o
l
l
u
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
st
i
t
u
e
n
t
s
,
”
i
n
A
n
n
u
a
l
Re
p
o
rt
-
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
I
n
s
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
D
i
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
Ph
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
,
C
EI
D
P
,
2
0
1
5
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
1
5
-
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
,
p
p
.
1
7
0
–
1
7
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
C
EI
D
P
.
2
0
1
5
.
7
3
5
2
0
2
5
.
[
2
7
]
C
O
M
S
O
L,
C
O
MS
O
L
M
u
l
t
i
p
h
y
si
c
s V
e
rsi
o
n
5
.
1
,
C
M
0
1
0
0
0
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
2
8
]
L.
W
a
n
g
,
J
.
C
h
o
n
g
,
N
.
D
a
n
g
,
J.
Z
h
a
o
,
a
n
d
J.
Z
h
a
o
,
“
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
t
h
e
r
mo
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
o
f
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
su
r
f
a
c
e
d
r
y
b
a
n
d
a
n
d
C
O
M
S
O
L
si
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
i
n
I
ET C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
2
0
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
9
3
–
1
5
9
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/
i
c
p
.
2
0
2
0
.
0
3
7
0
.
[
2
9
]
A
.
F
.
C
a
d
e
n
a
,
J
.
S
.
M
e
n
d
o
z
a
,
a
n
d
H
.
F
.
I
b
á
ñ
e
z
,
“
C
O
M
S
O
L
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
l
i
g
h
t
n
i
n
g
-
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
i
n
a
c
h
a
i
n
o
f
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
a
1
1
5
k
V
p
o
w
e
r
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
l
i
n
e
,
”
i
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
h
y
s
i
c
s:
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
S
e
ri
e
s
,
2
0
2
1
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
3
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
11
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/
1
7
4
2
-
6
5
9
6
/
2
1
3
5
/
1
/
0
1
2
0
0
6
.
[
3
0
]
I
.
M
o
h
a
me
d
,
K
.
A
r
a
mu
g
a
m,
a
n
d
M
.
K
.
A
.
A
.
K
h
a
n
,
“
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
mea
s
u
r
e
me
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
n
p
o
r
c
e
l
a
i
n
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
st
r
i
n
g
u
n
d
e
r
p
o
l
l
u
t
e
d
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
8
I
EEE
4
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
si
u
m
i
n
R
o
b
o
t
i
c
s
a
n
d
Ma
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
Au
t
o
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
RO
MA
2
0
1
8
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
R
O
M
A
4
6
4
0
7
.
2
0
1
8
.
8
9
8
6
7
2
4
.
[
3
1
]
A
.
S
.
K
r
z
m
a
,
M
.
Y
.
K
h
a
m
a
i
r
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
b
d
u
l
s
a
ma
d
,
“
C
o
mp
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
a
n
d
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
o
v
e
r
p
o
r
c
e
l
a
i
n
a
n
d
g
l
a
ss
i
n
su
l
a
t
o
r
s
u
s
i
n
g
f
i
n
i
t
e
e
l
e
me
n
t
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
Fi
rs
t
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
f
o
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
C
E
S
T
-
2
0
1
8
)
,
2
0
1
8
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
6
–
1
8
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
4
6
7
/
p
r
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s.
2
.
2
2
.
[
3
2
]
M
.
J
e
n
i
t
h
r
a
,
G
.
S
u
d
a
l
a
i
m
a
n
i
,
E.
R
a
j
a
S
e
k
a
r
a
n
,
D
.
S
w
a
t
h
i
,
K
.
K
u
mar,
a
n
d
R
.
V
.
M
a
h
e
sw
a
r
i
,
“
I
n
v
e
st
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
n
a
3
3
k
V
p
o
l
y
m
e
r
i
c
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
p
o
l
l
u
t
e
d
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
f
i
n
i
t
e
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
”
i
n
4
t
h
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
C
i
rc
u
i
t
s,
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
,
I
4
C
2
0
2
2
,
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
2
3
1
–
2
3
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
4
C
5
7
1
4
1
.
2
0
2
2
.
1
0
0
5
7
9
3
5
.
[
3
3
]
S
.
N
a
r
a
i
n
,
M
.
F
.
K
h
a
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
S
w
a
n
s
o
n
,
“
I
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
s
u
s
i
n
g
F
E
M
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
,
”
i
n
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
3
2
n
d
S
o
u
t
h
e
r
n
A
f
r
i
c
a
n
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
i
e
s
P
o
w
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
,
S
AU
P
E
C
2
0
2
4
,
2
0
2
4
,
p
p
.
1
–
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
S
A
U
P
E
C
6
0
9
1
4
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
0
4
4
5
0
9
4
.
[
3
4
]
A
.
A
b
i
mo
u
l
o
u
d
,
D
.
K
o
r
i
c
h
i
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
r
i
f
,
“
A
n
e
w
d
y
n
a
mi
c
3
D
F
E
M
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
a
r
c
p
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
o
n
c
a
p
-
a
n
d
-
p
i
n
p
o
l
l
u
t
e
d
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
t
o
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
D
C
f
l
a
s
h
o
v
e
r
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
2
0
1
6
8
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
M
o
d
e
l
l
i
n
g
,
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
I
C
MIC
2
0
1
6
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
8
9
8
–
902
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
M
I
C
.
2
0
1
6
.
7
8
0
4
2
4
2
.
[
3
5
]
T.
P
.
H
o
n
g
a
n
d
T.
V
a
n
To
p
,
“
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
f
i
e
l
d
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
o
f
t
r
a
n
smiss
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
s
i
n
p
o
l
l
u
t
e
d
a
r
e
a
,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
si
u
m
o
n
E
l
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
I
n
s
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
M
a
t
e
ri
a
l
s
,
2
0
0
8
,
p
p
.
5
3
0
–
5
3
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
S
EI
M
.
2
0
0
8
.
4
6
6
4
4
7
5
.
[
3
6
]
H
.
B
e
n
g
u
e
sm
i
a
,
N
.
M
’
Z
i
o
u
,
a
n
d
A
.
B
o
u
b
a
k
e
u
r
,
“
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
a
n
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
n
h
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
u
si
n
g
t
h
e
f
i
n
i
t
e
e
l
e
me
n
t
me
t
h
o
d
,
”
D
i
a
g
n
o
s
t
y
k
a
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
1
–
5
2
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
9
3
5
4
/
d
i
a
g
/
8
6
4
1
4
.
[
3
7
]
R
.
S
a
l
h
i
,
A
.
M
e
k
h
a
l
d
i
,
M
.
Te
g
u
a
r
,
a
n
d
O
.
K
h
e
r
i
f
,
“
Q
u
a
n
t
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
c
h
a
r
g
e
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
n
c
a
p
-
p
i
n
i
n
su
l
a
t
o
r
u
si
n
g
C
O
M
S
O
L
m
u
l
t
i
p
h
y
s
i
c
s,
”
i
n
Fo
u
r
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
(
I
C
T
AEE’2
3
)
,
2
0
2
4
,
p
p
.
5
7
6
–
5
7
9
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Za
in
a
b
Abd
u
ll
a
h
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
E
n
g
.
a
n
d
M
.
E
n
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
i
n
2
0
0
1
a
n
d
2
0
1
1
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
S
h
e
is
a
lso
a
P
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
(P
.
E
n
g
.
)
o
f
th
e
Bo
a
rd
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rs
M
a
lay
s
ia,
a
s
we
ll
a
s
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
th
e
In
stit
u
ti
o
n
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rs
M
a
lay
sia
(IE
M
).
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
te
re
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
h
i
g
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
d
iele
c
tri
c
m
a
teria
ls,
a
n
d
li
g
h
tn
i
n
g
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
z
a
in
a
b
m
rsa
b
d
u
ll
a
h
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
0
9
7
-
1
1
0
6
1106
Iz
h
a
m
Za
in
a
l
Abi
d
i
n
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
S
o
u
th
a
m
p
t
o
n
,
S
o
u
t
h
a
m
p
to
n
,
U.K.,
in
1
9
9
7
,
a
n
d
th
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
th
e
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
S
trat
h
c
ly
d
e
,
G
las
g
o
w,
U.K.,
in
2
0
0
2
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
wit
h
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
we
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
th
e
Vic
e
Ch
a
n
c
e
ll
o
r
(Ac
a
d
e
m
ic
a
n
d
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l)
a
t
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
Ten
a
g
a
Na
sio
n
a
l
(
UN
ITE
N),
S
e
lan
g
o
r.
Hi
s
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
p
o
we
r
s
y
ste
m
a
n
a
ly
sis,
a
rti
ficia
l
i
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
sm
a
rt
g
r
id
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
iz
h
a
m
@u
n
i
ten
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
Mi
sz
a
in
a
O
sm
a
n
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
S
o
u
th
a
m
p
t
o
n
,
U.K.,
in
1
9
9
9
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
2
0
0
4
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
a
ss
o
c
iate
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
wit
h
t
h
e
I
n
stit
u
te
o
f
P
o
we
r
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Ten
a
g
a
Na
sio
n
a
l
(UN
ITE
N).
S
h
e
is
a
lso
a
P
r
o
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
r
(P
.
E
n
g
.
),
a
Ch
a
rtere
d
En
g
in
e
e
r
(C.
E
n
g
.
),
a
n
d
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
th
e
In
sti
tu
ti
o
n
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(IE
T),
U.K.,
t
h
e
In
stit
u
ti
o
n
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rs
M
a
lay
sia
(IE
M
),
t
h
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
M
irro
r
C
o
m
m
it
tee
o
f
IEC
TC8
1
(Li
g
h
t
n
in
g
P
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
),
a
c
o
u
n
try
re
p
re
se
n
tati
v
e
fo
r
I
EC
TC8
1
m
e
e
ti
n
g
s,
a
n
d
t
h
e
CIG
RE
Wo
rk
in
g
G
ro
u
p
C
4
.
5
0
(E
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Tran
sie
n
t
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
G
ro
u
n
d
i
n
g
S
y
ste
m
i
n
S
u
b
sta
ti
o
n
)
.
He
r
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
g
ro
u
n
d
in
g
,
li
g
h
tn
in
g
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
isz
a
in
a
@u
n
it
e
n
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
Nurul
a
z
m
i
A
b
d
.
R
a
h
m
a
n
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B
.
En
g
.
i
n
p
o
we
r
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
M
.
En
g
.
in
p
o
we
r
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
s
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
lay
s
ia
P
e
rli
s
(Un
iM
AP).
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
se
n
io
r
lec
tu
re
r
wi
th
t
h
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
M
icr
o
e
lec
tro
n
ic
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
U
n
iM
AP.
He
is
a
P
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
r
with
P
ra
c
ti
c
in
g
Ce
rti
fica
te
(P
EP
C)
o
f
t
h
e
B
o
a
rd
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rs
M
a
lay
sia
a
n
d
a
c
o
rp
o
ra
te
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
th
e
In
stit
u
ti
o
n
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rs
M
a
lay
sia
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
h
i
g
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
,
p
o
we
r
s
y
ste
m
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
,
p
o
we
r
s
y
s
tem
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
,
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
tran
sm
issio
n
re
li
a
b
i
li
ty
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
n
u
ru
laz
m
i@
u
n
ima
p
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
Mu
h
a
m
m
a
d
S
h
a
fiq
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
fr
o
m
UET
La
h
o
re
,
P
a
k
ista
n
,
i
n
2
0
0
7
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
s
fro
m
Aa
lt
o
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
F
in
lan
d
,
i
n
2
0
1
4
.
F
r
o
m
2
0
0
1
t
o
2
0
0
9
,
h
e
wa
s
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
n
d
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
wit
h
IUB,
P
a
k
istan
,
a
n
d
fr
o
m
2
0
1
5
t
o
2
0
1
7
,
h
e
wa
s
a
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
e
r
with
in
d
u
str
ial
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s
i
n
F
in
l
a
n
d
.
He
wa
s
a
n
a
s
sista
n
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
wit
h
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
En
e
rg
y
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Va
a
sa
,
F
i
n
lan
d
,
fro
m
2
0
1
7
t
o
2
0
2
0
.
In
2
0
2
1
,
h
e
j
o
in
e
d
a
s
a
se
n
io
r
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
with
Talli
n
n
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Est
o
n
ia.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
wit
h
F
lo
ri
d
a
S
tate
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
USA.
Hi
s
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
s,
h
ig
h
-
v
o
l
tag
e
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
p
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
d
iag
n
o
stics
,
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
o
f
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts,
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
e
sig
n
o
f
se
n
so
rs
fo
r
h
ig
h
-
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
s2
2
d
s@
fsu
.
e
d
u
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.