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l J
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f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
pu
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(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
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6
,
No
.
3
,
J
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n
e
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
1107
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I
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1107
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Study o
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s
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e
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a
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o
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m
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u
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ti
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t
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th
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tri
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v
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h
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s
li
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ter
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n
d
m
o
re
e
ffi
c
ien
t
th
a
n
trad
it
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a
l
m
o
t
o
rs.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
An
aly
tical
m
o
d
el
E
lectr
ic
m
ac
h
in
e
d
esig
n
E
lectr
ical
m
ac
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in
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n
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y
s
av
in
g
F
in
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elem
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t m
eth
o
d
Per
m
an
en
t
m
a
g
n
et
s
y
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ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
s
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
T
r
an
Du
c
C
h
u
y
en
Facu
lty
o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
–
Au
to
m
atio
n
,
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
o
f
E
co
n
o
m
ics
-
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ies
Ha
n
o
i,
Viet
n
am
E
m
ail: td
ch
u
y
en
@
u
n
eti.
e
d
u
.
v
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
No
wad
ay
s
,
th
e
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
an
d
en
v
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o
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m
en
tal
p
o
llu
tio
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p
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in
g
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s
u
es,
p
r
im
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u
e
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d
e
p
letio
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o
f
f
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r
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s
(
co
al,
o
il,
a
n
d
n
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as).
T
h
is
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
ca
u
s
es
o
f
p
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llu
tio
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u
r
b
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u
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x
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(
C
O
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n
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g
en
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x
id
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(
NOx
)
,
an
d
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th
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p
o
llu
tan
ts
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
o
f
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
els
in
i
n
ter
n
al
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
en
g
in
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
elec
tr
ic
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
v
eh
icles
h
av
e
b
ec
o
m
e
cr
u
cial
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t
o
f
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
.
I
n
elec
tr
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v
eh
icles
(
E
Vs),
th
e
in
ter
n
al
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
(
I
PMSM)
is
th
e
"h
ea
r
t"
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
tr
ain
.
T
h
e
ch
o
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o
f
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
o
r
V
-
s
h
a
p
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to
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p
ly
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m
atter
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f
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m
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d
s
ize
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s
tr
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f
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
elec
tr
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v
eh
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co
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tr
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l
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in
ee
r
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t
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[
1
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[
5
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.
Am
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I
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Vo
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J
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1108
ap
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7
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2
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.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
PM
m
o
to
r
with
th
e
f
r
ag
m
en
ted
r
o
to
r
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
h
ad
a
wid
er
p
o
wer
-
s
p
ee
d
co
n
s
tan
t
am
p
litu
d
e
th
a
n
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
PM
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
W
-
s
h
ap
ed
PM
m
o
t
o
r
h
ad
h
ig
h
e
f
f
icien
cy
an
d
a
wid
e
s
p
ee
d
am
p
litu
d
e.
Hig
h
-
q
u
ality
co
n
tr
o
l
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
v
ar
io
u
s
ty
p
es
o
f
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icles,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
h
ig
h
e
f
f
icien
cy
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
,
th
is
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
h
ig
h
-
q
u
al
ity
co
n
tr
o
l
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
in
co
n
t
r
o
llin
g
v
ar
io
u
s
ty
p
es
o
f
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icles
cu
r
r
en
tly
av
ailab
le,
aim
i
n
g
to
s
av
e
en
er
g
y
[
2
3
]
–
[
2
6
]
.
As
an
aly
ze
d
ab
o
v
e,
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
m
ag
n
et
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
o
f
I
PMSM
m
o
to
r
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
n
o
n
e
h
av
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
two
ty
p
es
o
f
I
PM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
with
U
-
ty
p
e
an
d
V
-
ty
p
e
m
ag
n
ets.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
m
ain
ly
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
s
im
u
latin
g
m
o
t
o
r
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
an
aly
s
is
(
FEM
)
to
o
b
tain
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
n
o
t
y
et
p
r
esen
ted
d
etailed
an
al
y
tical
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
an
d
h
av
e
n
o
t p
r
o
v
id
e
d
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
els o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
lies
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
d
etailed
an
aly
tical
m
o
d
el
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
o
f
I
PMSM
m
o
to
r
s
with
U
-
ty
p
e
a
n
d
V
-
ty
p
e
m
a
g
n
et
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
FEM
is
u
s
ed
to
ca
lc
u
late,
s
im
u
late,
an
d
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
two
I
P
MSM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
,
o
u
tp
u
t
to
r
q
u
e,
b
ac
k
elec
tr
o
m
o
tiv
e
f
o
r
ce
,
a
n
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
2.
T
H
E
ANA
L
Y
T
I
C
AL
S
T
UD
Y
O
F
DE
SI
G
N
DA
T
A
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
elec
tr
ical
an
d
m
ag
n
etic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
s
izin
g
an
d
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
k
ey
d
esig
n
p
a
r
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
in
n
er
d
iam
ete
r
(
D
is
)
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
as (
1
)
:
=
√
(
4
/
)
3
(
1
)
I
n
wh
ich
,
is
th
e
s
h
ap
e
f
ac
to
r
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
s
elec
ted
i
n
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
to
3
,
is
th
e
r
o
to
r
v
o
lu
m
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
r
atio
b
etw
ee
n
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
t
o
r
q
u
e
(
T
)
an
d
to
r
q
u
e
d
e
n
s
ity
(
T
R
V)
,
[
7
]
.
T
h
en
th
e
o
u
ter
d
iam
eter
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
(
D
or
)
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
:
=
−
2
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
is
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
air
g
ap
(
g
=1
)
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
air
g
ap
(
A
g
)
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
n
er
d
iam
eter
o
f
th
e
s
tato
r
(
D
is
)
an
d
th
e
o
u
ter
d
iam
eter
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
(
D
or
)
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la:
=
(
(
(
−
)
/
2
)
2
)
.
(
3
)
I
n
th
is
f
o
r
m
u
la,
L
is
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
len
g
th
,
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
th
e
s
h
ap
e
f
ac
to
r
(
k
s
)
an
d
th
e
s
tato
r
in
n
er
d
iam
ete
r
(
D
is
)
,
an
d
2
p
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
o
le
p
air
s
.
T
h
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
o
f
th
e
m
a
g
n
et
(
ϕ
m
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is
d
eter
m
in
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as (
4
)
:
=
(
.
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2
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10
−
6
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4
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I
n
th
is
f
o
r
m
u
la,
B
g
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th
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air
g
ap
m
ag
n
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lu
x
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en
s
ity
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B
g
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9
is
ch
o
s
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T
h
e
m
a
g
n
et
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g
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(
W
m
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is
d
eter
m
in
ed
as (
5
)
:
=
.
(
5
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I
n
th
is
f
o
r
m
u
la,
B
m
is
th
e
m
a
g
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
o
f
t
h
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m
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g
n
et
(
B
m
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8
7
T
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.
T
h
e
m
a
g
n
et
th
ick
n
ess
(
d
m
)
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
as (
6
)
:
=
(
/
0
)
.
(
6
)
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e
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ag
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m
ea
b
il
ity
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0
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(
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,
H
m
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e
cu
r
r
en
t in
te
n
s
ity
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f
th
e
m
ag
n
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ased
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n
f
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m
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la
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e
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lcu
lated
:
=
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=
2
=
2
.
(
7
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I
n
th
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f
o
r
m
u
la,
,
,
an
d
ar
e
th
e
m
ag
n
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lu
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r
o
s
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tato
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r
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r
y
o
k
e,
an
d
teeth
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Fro
m
th
is
,
th
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
s
tato
r
y
o
k
e
(
ℎ
)
an
d
th
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
y
o
k
e
(
ℎ
)
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
as (
8
)
:
ℎ
=
2
.
.
an
d
ℎ
=
2
.
.
(
8
)
I
n
wh
ich
,
k
i
is
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
k
i
=0
.
9
6
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
in
[
8
]
,
L
is
th
e
s
tato
r
l
en
g
th
.
T
h
e
c
o
g
g
in
g
wid
th
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
as f
o
llo
ws
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
:
=
.
.
(
9
)
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tu
r
n
s
p
er
c
o
il is
d
eter
m
in
ed
as (
1
0
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2
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10
−
6
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(
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(
2
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(
1
0
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I
n
wh
ich
,
U
p
is
t
h
e
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e,
f
is
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
,
q
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
lo
ts
u
n
d
e
r
o
n
e
p
h
ase
o
n
o
n
e
p
o
le,
k
w
is
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
d
win
d
in
g
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
m
all
d
iam
eter
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
o
v
e
(
b
1
)
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d
th
e
lar
g
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
o
v
e
(
b
2
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ar
e
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eter
m
in
e
d
as (
1
1
)
:
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=
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(
+
2
(
ℎ
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ℎ
)
)
−
(
1
1
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I
n
th
is
f
o
r
m
u
la,
h
so
is
th
e
c
o
g
g
in
g
h
eig
h
t (
h
so
=1
)
an
d
ℎ
is
th
e
wed
g
e
h
eig
h
t (
h
w
=2
)
.
2
=
√
4
(
−
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.
(
/
)
+
1
2
(
1
2
)
w
h
er
e
is
th
e
s
lo
t
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
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A
w
is
th
e
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g
e
cr
o
s
s
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s
ec
tio
n
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d
Q
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th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
l
o
ts
.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
s
lo
t le
n
g
th
(
h
s
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an
d
s
tato
r
o
u
te
r
d
iam
eter
(
D
os
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a
r
e
d
eter
m
i
n
e
d
as (
1
3
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an
d
(
1
4
)
:
ℎ
=
2
(
−
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/
(
1
+
2
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(
1
3
)
=
+
2
(
ℎ
+
ℎ
+
ℎ
)
(
1
4
)
Af
ter
th
e
a
n
aly
tical
m
o
d
el
w
as
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
,
a
5
.
5
k
W
I
PM
SM
m
o
to
r
with
b
o
th
U
-
ty
p
e
an
d
V
-
ty
p
e
m
a
g
n
et
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
was
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
ed
.
T
ab
le
1
lis
ts
th
e
r
eq
u
i
r
e
d
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
o
f
th
e
two
m
o
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
p
r
o
ce
ed
e
d
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
an
d
co
m
p
ile
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
tab
les
.
T
ab
le
1
lis
ts
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
two
m
o
to
r
s
.
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
an
aly
tical
c
alcu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
two
I
PMSM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
will
p
r
o
v
e
th
ese
r
esu
lts
u
s
in
g
th
e
FEM
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
I
PMSM
ty
p
e
V
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d
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PMSM
ty
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e
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mb
o
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r
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e
r
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t
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91
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I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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7
0
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I
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t J E
lec
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C
o
m
p
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g
,
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l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
1
0
7
-
1
1
1
7
1110
T
ab
le
2
.
Ma
in
d
esig
n
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
I
PMSM
en
g
in
e
S
y
mb
o
l
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
U
n
i
t
D
os
S
t
a
t
o
r
o
u
t
e
r
d
i
a
m
e
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r
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6
mm
D
is
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t
a
t
o
r
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n
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e
r
d
i
a
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e
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e
r
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2
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D
or
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o
t
o
r
o
u
t
e
r
d
i
a
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e
t
e
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sr
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a
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t
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2
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1
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n
r
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a
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r
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-
d
A
i
r
A
i
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ns
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g
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e
t
t
h
i
c
k
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e
s
s
3
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7
mm
3.
M
E
T
H
O
DS F
O
R
ANA
L
Y
Z
I
NG
AND
CA
L
CU
L
AT
I
NG
F
I
NIT
E
E
L
E
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
d
ef
in
ed
th
e
m
ain
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
u
s
in
g
an
an
aly
tical
m
o
d
el.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
will
p
r
esen
t
th
e
FEM
.
I
n
th
e
E
u
clid
ea
n
s
p
ac
e
R
3
,
th
e
s
et
o
f
Ma
x
well
eq
u
ati
o
n
s
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
:
∇
×
=
;
∇
×
=
−
;
∇
.
=
0
(
1
5
)
I
n
wh
ic
h
,
is
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t d
en
s
ity
(
A/m
2
)
,
H
is
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
i
eld
(
A/m
)
,
E
is
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
iel
d
(
V/m
)
an
d
B
is
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
(
T
)
.
Fo
r
m
u
la
(
1
5
)
is
s
o
lv
e
d
b
y
th
e
co
n
s
titu
en
t
laws
an
d
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
(
1
6
)
an
d
(
1
7
)
as f
o
llo
ws
[
1
0
]
:
=
,
=
(
1
6
)
×
|
Γ
ℎ
=
0
,
.
|
Γ
=
0
(
1
7
)
I
n
wh
ich
,
n
is
th
e
u
n
it
n
o
r
m
al
v
ec
to
r
d
ir
ec
ted
f
r
o
m
in
s
id
e
to
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
Ω
r
eg
io
n
(
with
=
∪
J
b
ein
g
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
ity
(
A/m
2
)
,
b
ein
g
th
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
,
b
ein
g
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
(
S/m)
.
Field
B
in
(
1
5
)
is
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
v
ec
to
r
A
in
(
1
8
)
.
B
=
∇
×
(
1
8
)
C
o
m
b
in
in
g
(
1
5
)
a
n
d
(
1
8
)
,
th
e
f
ield
E
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
ca
lar
p
o
ten
tial
φ
in
(
1
9
)
:
E
=
−
∂
A
−
∇
.
(
1
9
)
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
eq
u
atio
n
wr
itten
in
th
e
Ω
d
o
m
ain
(
I
PMSM
m
ac
h
in
e
d
o
m
ain
)
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
4
]
–
[
1
7
]
.
B
ased
o
n
(
1
5
)
–
(
1
9
)
:
∇
×
[
1
(
∇
×
−
)
]
+
∂
A
=
J
−
σ
∇
.
φ
(
2
0
)
T
h
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
lin
k
ag
e
(
)
i
s
d
ef
in
ed
as f
o
llo
ws:
=
(
∬
Ω
Ω
+
−
∬
Ω
Ω
−
)
(
2
1
)
I
n
wh
ich
S
is
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
len
g
th
(
L
)
.
Fro
m
th
er
e,
we
h
av
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
e
b
ac
k
elec
tr
o
m
o
tiv
e
f
o
r
ce
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
l
u
x
lin
k
ag
e
(
ϕ
)
in
(
2
1
)
.
4.
T
H
E
S
T
UDY
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
AND
ANA
L
YS
I
S O
F
RE
S
UL
T
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
an
al
y
tical
m
o
d
e
l
in
T
a
b
le
2
,
th
e
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
(
FEM
)
was
ap
p
lied
to
ca
lcu
late
an
d
s
im
u
late
th
e
m
ag
n
e
tic
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
,
to
r
q
u
e
,
co
g
g
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
,
b
ac
k
elec
tr
o
m
o
tiv
e
f
o
r
ce
,
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
an
d
m
a
g
n
etic
f
l
u
x
o
f
th
e
two
I
PM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
2
D
m
o
d
el
s
o
f
I
PMs
with
V
-
s
h
ap
ed
a
n
d
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
ag
n
et
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
V
-
ty
p
e
r
o
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
,
wh
ile
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
d
is
p
lay
s
its
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
s
tato
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
Similar
ly
,
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
d
e
p
icts
th
e
U
-
ty
p
e
r
o
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
its
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
s
tato
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
.
T
h
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
two
I
PM
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
es
3
.
I
n
d
etail
,
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
V
-
ty
p
e
m
ag
n
et
I
PMSM,
wh
er
ea
s
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
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S
tu
d
y
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e
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n
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n
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m
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o
n
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f p
erma
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t m
a
g
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et
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yn
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…
(
P
h
a
m
N
g
o
c
S
a
m
)
1111
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
U
-
ty
p
e
m
ag
n
et
I
PMSM.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
o
f
th
e
V
-
s
h
ap
ed
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
is
2
.
3
9
9
T
,
wh
ile
th
at
o
f
th
e
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
is
2
.
1
1
T
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
2
D
o
f
a
V
-
ty
p
e
m
ag
n
etic
I
PMSM
(
a)
V
-
ty
p
e
r
o
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
(
b
)
V
-
ty
p
e
s
tato
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
2
D
o
f
U
-
ty
p
e
m
ag
n
etic
I
PMPSM (
a)
U
-
ty
p
e
r
o
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
(
b
)
U
-
ty
p
e
s
tato
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Ma
g
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
two
I
PMSP co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
(
a)
V
-
ty
p
e
m
ag
n
et
I
PMSM
an
d
(
b
)
U
-
ty
p
e
m
ag
n
et
I
PMSM
m
o
to
r
T
h
e
m
ain
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
th
is
is
th
e
g
eo
m
etr
ic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
ets
an
d
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
lin
es.
T
h
e
V
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
a
g
n
et
d
ir
ec
ts
th
e
two
b
r
an
c
h
es
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
et
t
o
war
d
s
th
e
air
g
ap
,
cr
ea
tin
g
s
h
ar
p
an
g
les
at
th
e
p
o
le
ed
g
es,
ca
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
lin
es
to
co
n
v
er
g
e
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
at
v
e
r
y
s
m
all
p
o
in
ts
at
t
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
p
o
le
ed
g
es,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
lar
g
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
m
a
g
n
etic
f
lu
x
,
wh
ic
h
ea
s
ily
ca
u
s
es
lo
ca
l
s
atu
r
atio
n
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
p
ath
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
l
u
x
is
s
h
o
r
t,
s
o
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
is
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
an
d
less
leak
y
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
ely
,
th
e
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
ag
n
et
d
is
p
er
s
es
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
lin
es
o
v
er
a
wid
er
ar
ea
d
u
e
to
th
e
lar
g
er
p
o
le
an
g
le,
th
u
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
1
0
7
-
1
1
1
7
1112
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
lo
wer
m
ax
im
u
m
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
e
n
s
ity
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
m
ak
e
s
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
lin
es less
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
an
d
m
o
r
e
ev
en
ly
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
p
r
esen
t
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
o
f
th
e
two
m
o
to
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
to
r
q
u
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
V
-
ty
p
e
I
PM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
8
7
.
7
2
1
N
m
,
s
lig
h
tly
h
ig
h
er
th
an
th
e
U
-
ty
p
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
at
8
7
.
6
5
8
Nm
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
o
s
cillatio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
two
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
d
i
f
f
er
.
I
n
t
h
e
V
-
ty
p
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
th
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
is
s
tab
le
an
d
o
s
cillates
less
,
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
ate
d
m
a
g
n
e
tic
f
lu
x
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
th
e
ai
r
g
a
p
.
T
h
is
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
with
th
e
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
i
tio
n
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
s
m
o
o
th
e
r
to
r
q
u
e.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
in
th
e
U
-
ty
p
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
e
x
h
ib
its
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
o
s
cillatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
m
a
g
n
etic
f
l
u
x
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
leak
a
g
e
b
r
an
c
h
es
in
s
id
e
th
e
r
o
to
r
,
ca
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
t
o
b
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
f
l
u
x
r
i
p
p
les.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
g
g
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
o
f
th
e
two
I
PM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
a
clea
r
d
if
f
er
en
c
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
I
n
V
-
ty
p
e
I
PMs,
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
an
g
e
is
q
u
ite
lar
g
e,
f
lu
ctu
atin
g
b
etwe
en
-
2
.
8
Nm
an
d
2
Nm
,
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
U
-
ty
p
es
wh
ich
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
-
1
.
3
to
1
.
6
Nm
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
U
-
ty
p
es
o
p
er
ate
m
o
r
e
s
m
o
o
th
ly
at
lo
w
s
p
ee
d
s
.
T
h
e
m
ain
r
ea
s
o
n
is
th
at
th
e
V
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
ag
n
et
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
c
r
ea
tes
lo
ca
lized
ar
ea
s
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
at
th
e
p
o
le
ed
g
es,
ca
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
a
g
n
etic
attr
ac
tio
n
f
o
r
ce
to
ch
an
g
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
wh
en
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
th
e
s
tato
r
teet
h
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
o
r
q
u
e
o
f
U
-
ty
p
e
a
n
d
V
-
ty
p
e
m
a
g
n
etic
I
PM
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
PM
c
o
g
g
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
o
f
U
-
ty
p
e
a
n
d
V
-
t
y
p
e
m
a
g
n
ets
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
b
ac
k
e
lectr
o
m
o
tiv
e
f
o
r
ce
o
f
U
-
ty
p
e
an
d
V
-
ty
p
e
I
PMs.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
b
o
th
I
PM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
n
ea
r
-
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
wa
v
ef
o
r
m
s
,
alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
er
e
a
r
e
s
lig
h
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
.
T
h
e
p
ea
k
am
p
litu
d
e
o
f
th
e
V
-
ty
p
e
is
s
lig
h
tly
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
th
at
o
f
th
e
U
-
ty
p
e,
in
d
icatin
g
b
et
ter
f
lu
x
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
S
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
d
esig
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a
n
d
co
m
p
a
r
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f p
erma
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a
g
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et
s
yn
ch
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n
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s
mo
to
r
s
…
(
P
h
a
m
N
g
o
c
S
a
m
)
1113
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
wa
v
ef
o
r
m
o
f
th
e
V
-
t
y
p
e
m
a
g
n
et
is
m
o
r
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
a
n
d
less
d
is
to
r
ted
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wh
ile
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e
U
-
ty
p
e
ex
h
ib
its
s
lig
h
t
d
is
to
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tio
n
at
ex
tr
em
e
p
o
in
ts
.
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h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
V
-
ty
p
e
I
PM
h
as
h
ig
h
er
q
u
ality
b
ac
k
elec
tr
o
m
o
tiv
e
f
o
r
ce
,
h
elp
in
g
th
e
m
o
to
r
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
elec
t
r
o
m
ec
h
an
ical
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
ef
f
i
cien
cy
an
d
lim
itin
g
lo
s
s
es
d
u
e
to
v
o
ltag
e
wav
e
f
o
r
m
d
is
to
r
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
b
o
th
I
PM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
h
av
e
a
d
o
m
i
n
an
t
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
V
-
ty
p
e
I
PM
ex
h
ib
its
lo
wer
-
o
r
d
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
(
esp
ec
ially
th
e
5
th
an
d
7
th
o
r
d
er
s
)
with
lar
g
er
a
m
p
litu
d
es
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
U
-
ty
p
e.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
in
th
e
U
-
ty
p
e,
h
ig
h
e
r
-
o
r
d
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
(
s
u
ch
as
th
e
1
1
t
h
an
d
1
3
th
o
r
d
er
s
)
ar
e
s
lig
h
tly
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
V
-
ty
p
e
I
PM
s
till
ex
h
ib
its
d
is
to
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tio
n
at
lo
w
h
ar
m
o
n
ics,
w
h
ile
th
e
U
-
ty
p
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
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n
te
n
d
s
to
h
av
e
d
is
to
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tio
n
at
h
ig
h
h
ar
m
o
n
ics.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
B
ac
k
elec
tr
o
m
o
tiv
e
f
o
r
ce
(
E
MF)
o
f
U
-
ty
p
e
an
d
V
-
t
y
p
e
m
ag
n
etic
I
PM
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Har
m
o
n
ic
wav
es o
f
U
-
ty
p
e
an
d
V
-
ty
p
e
m
ag
n
et
I
P
M
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
o
s
cillatio
n
o
f
th
e
two
m
o
to
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
V
-
ty
p
e
I
PM
h
as
a
n
ar
r
o
wer
o
s
cillatio
n
r
an
g
e,
f
r
o
m
-
1
.
3
Nm
to
1
.
6
Nm
,
wh
il
e
th
e
U
-
ty
p
e
h
as
a
wid
er
o
s
cillatio
n
r
an
g
e
,
f
r
o
m
-
4
to
2
.
2
Nm
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
V
-
ty
p
e
m
ag
n
et
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
m
o
r
e
o
p
tim
al
in
ter
m
s
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
o
s
cillatio
n
,
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
to
r
q
u
e
with
m
in
im
al
v
i
b
r
atio
n
,
wh
ile
th
e
U
-
ty
p
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
m
ay
ca
u
s
e
v
ib
r
atio
n
an
d
n
o
is
e
wh
en
th
e
lo
ad
ch
an
g
es.
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
lu
x
lin
k
ag
e
o
f
th
e
two
m
o
to
r
s
.
B
o
th
th
e
U
-
ty
p
e
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d
V
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ty
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e
m
ag
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et
co
n
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ig
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r
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s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
n
ea
r
-
s
in
u
s
o
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wav
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o
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m
s
,
b
u
t
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
am
p
litu
d
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o
f
th
e
U
-
ty
p
e
is
s
lig
h
tly
lar
g
er
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
s
tr
o
n
g
er
f
lu
x
lin
k
ag
e
with
th
e
s
tato
r
win
d
in
g
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
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,
Vo
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1
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No
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3
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20
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1114
T
h
e
p
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f
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m
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ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
V
-
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s
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p
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ar
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p
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ab
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3
.
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h
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ty
p
e
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PM
m
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to
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h
as
an
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f
icien
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o
f
9
3
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5
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%,
h
ig
h
er
th
an
th
e
U
-
ty
p
e
I
PM
with
a
v
alu
e
o
f
9
1
.
8
8
7
%.
T
h
e
to
tal
lo
s
s
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o
f
th
e
V
-
ty
p
e
I
PM
a
r
e
3
7
8
.
9
4
W
,
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ig
n
if
ican
tly
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an
th
e
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t
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n
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ig
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r
atio
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s
4
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2
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2
6
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.
T
h
i
s
d
if
f
er
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ce
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m
ain
l
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e
to
t
h
e
m
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o
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ce
n
tr
ate
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m
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g
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eti
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f
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x
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ib
u
tio
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th
e
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m
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ig
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ich
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b
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tio
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o
f
m
ag
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etic
f
ield
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n
er
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.
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o
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v
e
r
s
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,
in
th
e
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t
h
e
m
a
g
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lu
x
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m
o
r
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ev
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ly
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tr
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as
m
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e
leak
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g
e
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n
d
d
is
to
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ted
h
ar
m
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ics,
lead
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to
g
r
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ter
lo
s
s
es a
n
d
l
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wer
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.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
o
r
q
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e
o
s
cillatio
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s
o
f
U
-
ty
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a
n
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V
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y
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PM
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Ma
g
n
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f
lu
x
lin
k
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e
o
f
U
-
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p
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d
V
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p
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m
a
g
n
e
t I
PM
T
ab
le
3
.
R
esu
lts
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f
th
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in
ite
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s
is
m
eth
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To
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
S
tu
d
y
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n
th
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a
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mo
to
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s
…
(
P
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a
m
N
g
o
c
S
a
m
)
1115
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
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tu
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y
c
o
m
b
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