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nte
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io
na
l
J
o
urna
l
of
E
lect
rica
l
a
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Co
m
pu
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er
E
ng
ineering
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I
J
E
CE
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Vo
l.
16,
N
o
.
3,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
,
pp.
1
0
7
5
~
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4
J
o
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h
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/
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c
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m
I
S
S
N:
2088
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8708,
D
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1084
1075
E
di
t
o
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l
Eng
ineering
inte
ll
ig
ence
for
a
sus
tai
na
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a
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resilie
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t
fu
ture
:
from foun
da
tions
to real
-
wo
rld
imp
a
ct
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rd
the
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DG
s
T
o
le
Su
t
i
kn
o
1
,
2
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F
a
c
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I
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Th
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issu
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p
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n
g
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in
tellig
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lth
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d
h
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m
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ter
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a
p
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t
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s
Sm
ar
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in
f
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ctu
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s
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s
tain
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s
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le
Dev
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m
en
t
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l
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e
p
l
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y
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n
t
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n
m
e
n
t
to
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e
S
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sta
in
a
b
le
De
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lo
p
m
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n
t
G
o
a
ls
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D
G
s).
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sig
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ifi
c
a
n
t
c
lu
st
e
r
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d
d
re
ss
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s
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DG
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r
d
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le
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n
d
Clea
n
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e
rg
y
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a
n
d
S
DG
9
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d
u
str
y
,
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
In
fra
stru
c
t
u
re
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
s
in
m
icro
b
ial
fu
e
l
c
e
ll
s,
h
ig
h
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
in
s
u
latio
n
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e
li
a
b
il
it
y
,
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rti
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l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
(AI)
b
a
se
d
b
a
tt
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ry
m
a
n
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g
e
m
e
n
t
sy
ste
m
s,
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n
d
e
n
e
rg
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t
Lo
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WAN
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e
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rk
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h
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sta
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a
b
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y
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n
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e
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n
d
i
n
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c
tu
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imiz
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ti
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lu
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on
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tr
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l,
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d
c
o
m
m
u
n
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ti
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m
s,
in
c
lu
d
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g
m
e
m
c
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p
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m
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d
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m
b
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d
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d
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telli
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n
c
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r
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t
o
n
o
m
o
u
s
sy
ste
m
s,
d
e
m
o
n
stra
ti
n
g
e
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n
c
y
-
d
riv
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n
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
c
r
o
ss
h
a
rd
wa
re
a
n
d
s
y
ste
m
lev
e
ls.
A
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
c
lu
ste
r
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
S
DG
3
(G
o
o
d
He
a
lt
h
a
n
d
Well
-
b
e
i
n
g
)
,
wit
h
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
in
m
e
d
ica
l
ima
g
in
g
,
se
p
sis
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
,
b
re
a
st
c
a
n
c
e
r
c
las
sifica
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
m
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
a
n
a
ly
sis,
lev
e
ra
g
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n
g
d
e
e
p
lea
rn
in
g
,
tran
sfo
rm
e
rs,
a
n
d
h
y
b
rid
AI
m
o
d
e
ls
.
F
in
a
ll
y
,
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
s
a
li
g
n
e
d
with
S
DG
4
(Q
u
a
li
ty
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
)
e
x
p
lo
r
e
g
a
m
ifi
e
d
lea
rn
in
g
sy
ste
m
s,
v
irt
u
a
l
re
a
li
ty
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
S
DG
-
in
teg
ra
te
d
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
i
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,
wh
il
e
c
o
m
p
lem
e
n
tary
stu
d
ies
in
a
g
ricu
lt
u
re
,
fin
a
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
I
n
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s
(I
o
T)
f
u
rth
e
r
d
e
m
o
n
stra
te
t
h
e
so
c
ie
tal
imp
a
c
t
of
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
sy
ste
m
s.
C
o
ll
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
,
t
h
e
se
wo
rk
s
re
in
f
o
rc
e
th
e
ro
le
of
e
fficie
n
t,
sc
a
lab
le,
a
n
d
d
a
ta
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d
riv
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n
e
n
g
in
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rin
g
in
a
d
d
re
ss
in
g
g
l
o
b
a
l
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s.
T
h
is
is
an
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
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CC
BY
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SA
l
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c
e
n
s
e
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
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ing
A
ut
h
o
r
:
T
o
le
S
u
t
i
k
n
o
Ma
s
ter
Pro
g
r
am
of
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Facu
lty
of
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Ah
m
ad
Dah
lan
UAD
4
th
C
am
p
u
s
,
So
u
th
R
in
g
R
o
ad
,
T
am
an
a
n
,
B
an
g
u
n
tap
a
n
,
B
an
tu
l,
Yo
g
y
ak
ar
ta
5
5
1
6
6
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
to
le@
te.
u
ad
.
ac
.
id
T
h
e
ac
ce
ler
atin
g
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
,
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
an
d
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
is
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tally
r
esh
ap
in
g
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
f
elec
tr
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an
d
co
m
p
u
te
r
en
g
i
n
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r
in
g
.
As
g
lo
b
a
l
ch
allen
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r
elate
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to
en
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g
y
s
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p
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b
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lth
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in
f
r
astru
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d
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s
if
y
,
th
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r
o
le
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f
en
g
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e
er
in
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r
esear
c
h
is
n
o
lo
n
g
er
co
n
f
in
ed
to
th
eo
r
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l
a
d
v
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I
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s
tead
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ly
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r
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r
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s
f
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lace
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g
in
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in
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is
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w
h
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p
p
licab
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a
n
d
l
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g
-
ter
m
im
p
ac
t
ar
e
b
ec
o
m
in
g
ce
n
tr
al
ev
al
u
atio
n
c
r
iter
ia.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1076
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
I
n
t
J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
1
0
7
5
-
1
0
8
4
In
th
is
ev
o
lv
i
n
g
c
o
n
tex
t,
th
e
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
is
s
u
e
of
th
e
I
n
tern
a
tio
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
of
E
lectrica
l
and
C
o
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
(
I
JE
C
E
)
p
r
esen
ts
a
ca
r
ef
u
lly
cu
r
ated
co
llectio
n
of
4
7
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ly
r
ev
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d
p
a
p
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s
th
at
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llectiv
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ef
lect
th
e
em
er
g
en
ce
o
f
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
i
n
tellig
en
ce
as
a
u
n
if
y
in
g
p
ar
a
d
ig
m
.
T
h
is
p
ar
a
d
ig
m
in
teg
r
ates
ad
v
an
ce
s
in
ar
tific
ial
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tellig
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ce
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ata
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elin
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tem
o
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tim
izatio
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h
ar
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r
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esig
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to
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ess
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m
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lex
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ea
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wo
r
ld
ch
allen
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h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
t
h
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is
s
u
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
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o
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ly
m
eth
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o
lo
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ical
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n
o
v
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u
t
also
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s
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o
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em
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tem
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eliab
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d
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en
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C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
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wo
r
k
s
illu
s
tr
ate
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o
w
en
g
in
ee
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in
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tellig
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can
b
r
id
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e
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r
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d
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en
t
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p
r
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lem
en
tatio
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a
m
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ab
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m
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with
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S
u
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Dev
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p
m
en
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Go
als
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SDGs
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,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
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(
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f
o
r
d
ab
le
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d
C
lean
E
n
e
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g
y
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,
SDG
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(
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d
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s
tr
y
,
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
,
an
d
I
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e)
,
SDG
3
(
Go
o
d
Hea
lth
a
n
d
W
ell
-
b
ein
g
)
,
an
d
SDG
4
(
Qu
ality
E
d
u
c
atio
n
)
.
T
h
ese
g
lo
b
a
l
p
r
io
r
ities
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
s
itu
atin
g
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
r
esear
ch
with
in
b
r
o
a
d
e
r
s
o
cieta
l
o
b
jectiv
es
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ag
en
d
as.
T
h
e
s
elec
ted
p
ap
er
s
illu
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
cu
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
clea
n
e
r
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
m
o
r
e
r
esil
ien
t
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
h
ea
lth
c
ar
e
o
u
tc
o
m
es,
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
e,
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
-
e
n
h
an
ce
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
alig
n
m
en
t
al
s
o
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
of
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
r
esear
c
h
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
ch
allen
g
es th
at
ex
ten
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
tr
ad
itio
n
al
tech
n
ical
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
is
is
s
u
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
a
n
o
tab
le
s
h
if
t
f
r
o
m
is
o
lated
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
to
war
d
in
teg
r
ated
,
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
in
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
in
ter
twin
ed
wit
h
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l,
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
a
n
d
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
o
p
tim
izatio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
Similar
ly
,
ad
v
an
c
e
s
in
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
a
r
e
b
e
in
g
em
b
e
d
d
ed
in
to
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
,
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
an
d
h
u
m
a
n
-
ce
n
ter
ed
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
cr
o
s
s
-
d
o
m
ain
a
p
p
lic
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
is
co
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
r
e
f
lects
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
co
m
p
lex
g
lo
b
al
ch
allen
g
es
r
eq
u
i
r
es
h
o
lis
tic
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
th
in
k
in
g
,
wh
er
e
m
u
ltip
l
e
d
o
m
ain
s
in
ter
ac
t sy
n
e
r
g
is
tically
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
o
b
u
s
t a
n
d
a
d
ap
ti
v
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
An
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
tr
en
d
ca
p
tu
r
ed
in
th
is
is
s
u
e
is
th
e
tr
an
s
iti
o
n
f
r
o
m
lab
o
r
at
o
r
y
-
s
ca
le
in
n
o
v
atio
n
to
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
d
ep
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
.
Sev
er
al
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
ex
p
licitly
co
n
s
id
er
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
s
u
ch
as
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
en
e
r
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
laten
cy
,
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
e
d
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
an
d
em
b
ed
d
e
d
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
ac
t
ical
o
r
ien
tatio
n
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
at
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
n
o
t
o
n
ly
th
eo
r
etica
lly
s
o
u
n
d
but
also
im
p
lem
en
tab
le
u
n
d
er
r
ea
lis
tic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
As
a
r
esu
l
t,
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
esen
ted
m
o
v
e
s
b
ey
o
n
d
p
r
o
o
f
-
of
-
co
n
ce
p
t to
war
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
r
ea
d
y
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
to
o
p
er
atio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
In
a
d
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
is
s
u
e
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
of
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
,
in
ter
p
r
etab
ilit
y
,
an
d
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
ilit
y
in
m
o
d
er
n
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
r
esear
ch
.
As
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
le
x
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
d
a
ta
-
d
r
iv
en
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
a
n
d
r
elia
b
ilit
y
b
e
co
m
es
ess
en
tial,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
s
af
ety
-
cr
itical
an
d
h
u
m
an
-
ce
n
ter
ed
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
p
u
b
lic
s
er
v
ices.
T
h
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
s
tatis
tically
v
alid
ated
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies,
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
an
aly
s
es,
an
d
f
air
n
ess
-
d
r
iv
e
n
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
r
ef
lects
a
m
atu
r
in
g
r
esear
c
h
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
th
at
p
r
io
r
itizes
not
o
n
ly
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
u
t
also
s
cien
tific
r
ig
o
r
an
d
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
.
T
h
ese
q
u
alities
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
am
o
n
g
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
an
d
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
b
r
o
ad
er
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
a
d
v
an
ce
d
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
to
p
i
cs
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
th
is
is
s
u
e
—
f
r
o
m
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
ad
v
an
ce
d
elec
tr
o
n
ics
to
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
,
I
o
T
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
—
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
b
r
ea
d
th
an
d
v
itality
o
f
co
n
tem
p
o
r
a
r
y
elec
tr
ical
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
r
esear
ch
.
Desp
ite
th
is
d
iv
er
s
ity
,
a
s
tr
o
n
g
u
n
d
er
ly
i
n
g
co
h
e
r
en
ce
em
er
g
es,
ce
n
ter
ed
on
th
e
s
h
ar
ed
g
o
al
of
ad
v
an
cin
g
ef
f
icien
t
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
in
tellig
en
ce
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
an
d
r
esil
ien
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
e
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
co
l
lectiv
ely
em
p
h
asize
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
b
alan
cin
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
with
ef
f
icien
cy
,
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
p
r
ac
ticality
.
T
o
g
eth
e
r
,
th
ey
r
ea
f
f
ir
m
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
I
J
E
C
E
as
a
g
lo
b
al
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
d
is
s
em
in
atin
g
im
p
ac
tf
u
l
r
esear
ch
th
at
b
r
id
g
es
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
th
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ap
p
licatio
n
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
lly
to
b
o
th
s
cien
tific
p
r
o
g
r
ess
an
d
s
o
cieta
l w
ell
-
b
ein
g
.
Su
s
t
a
ina
ble
E
nerg
y
a
nd
Resi
lient
I
nfr
a
s
t
ruct
ure
(
SDG
7
&
SDG
9)
Su
s
tain
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
r
esil
ien
t
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
m
th
e
b
ac
k
b
o
n
e
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
s
o
cieties
an
d
ar
e
ce
n
tr
al
to
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
win
g
g
lo
b
al
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
clea
n
,
r
eliab
le,
a
n
d
e
f
f
icien
t
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
n
ec
ess
itates
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
in
n
o
v
atio
n
i
n
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
,
m
ater
ials
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
I
n
th
is
is
s
u
e,
s
ev
er
al
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
d
ir
ec
tly
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es
b
y
ad
v
an
cin
g
b
o
th
th
e
o
r
etica
l
an
d
ap
p
lied
asp
ec
ts
o
f
elec
tr
ical
an
d
p
o
wer
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
.
T
h
ese
wo
r
k
s
co
llectiv
el
y
r
ef
lect
th
e
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
to
war
d
in
tellig
en
t,
ad
ap
tiv
e
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
en
er
g
y
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
th
at
alig
n
clo
s
ely
with
SDG
7
an
d
SDG
9
.
A
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
t
h
is
d
o
m
ain
is
th
e
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
of
alter
n
ativ
e
b
io
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
icr
o
b
ial
f
u
el
ce
ll
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
u
tili
zin
g
s
h
ee
p
c
o
m
p
o
s
t
s
u
b
s
tr
ates.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
b
io
elec
tr
icity
g
en
er
atio
n
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ed
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
b
u
t
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
d
u
a
l
b
en
ef
its
o
f
waste
v
alo
r
izatio
n
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
r
ec
o
v
er
y
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
o
p
tim
ized
r
ea
c
to
r
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
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&
C
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p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
1077
A
d
va
n
ce
s
in
AI,
I
o
T,
and
s
ma
r
t
s
yste
ms
fo
r
e
merg
in
g
elec
tr
ic
a
l
and
co
m
p
u
ter
en
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ee
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in
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…
(
To
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S
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k
n
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)
can
s
ig
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if
ican
tly
en
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ce
p
o
wer
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tp
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t
wh
ile
in
f
l
u
en
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g
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h
e
p
h
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s
ico
ch
em
ical
p
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u
p
p
o
r
t
r
u
r
al
an
d
r
em
o
t
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
th
er
e
b
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
m
o
r
e
in
clu
s
iv
e
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
en
er
g
y
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es.
C
o
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
th
is
wo
r
k
,
r
esear
ch
o
n
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
in
s
u
lato
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
p
o
llu
ted
co
n
d
itio
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
cr
itical
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
of
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
By
em
p
lo
y
in
g
ad
v
an
ce
d
s
im
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
a
n
aly
ze
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
id
en
tifie
s
k
e
y
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
ies
ass
o
ciate
d
with
co
n
tam
in
atio
n
a
n
d
m
ater
ial
in
ter
f
ac
es.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
r
elev
a
n
t
f
o
r
r
eg
io
n
s
e
x
p
o
s
ed
t
o
h
ar
s
h
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
wh
er
e
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
r
elia
b
ilit
y
is
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
ch
allen
g
e
d
.
E
n
h
an
ci
n
g
th
e
d
u
r
ab
ilit
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
of
s
u
ch
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
m
ain
tain
in
g
s
tab
le
an
d
r
esil
ien
t
p
o
wer
g
r
id
s
in
b
o
th
u
r
b
an
a
n
d
r
u
r
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
ev
id
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
h
y
b
r
id
d
y
n
am
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
of
m
ix
e
d
lo
g
ical
d
y
n
am
ical
m
o
d
els
an
d
m
o
d
el
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
to
co
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
u
ch
as
m
u
lti
-
tan
k
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
a
tes
h
o
w
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ca
n
o
p
tim
ize
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
en
ab
le
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
,
wh
ich
ar
e
cr
itical
f
o
r
m
o
d
er
n
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
an
d
en
er
g
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
s
u
c
h
co
n
t
r
o
l
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atin
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
in
to
ex
is
tin
g
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
with
g
r
ea
ter
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
.
E
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
is
also
ad
d
r
ess
ed
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
lev
els
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
esear
ch
on
o
p
tim
ized
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
f
o
r
L
o
R
aWAN
-
b
ased
I
n
ter
n
et
of
T
h
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
en
er
g
y
-
awa
r
e
MA
C
lay
er
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
an
d
r
o
u
tin
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
r
e
d
u
ce
late
n
cy
,
an
d
m
in
im
i
z
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
ese
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
m
a
r
t
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
,
s
m
ar
t
cities,
an
d
in
d
u
s
t
r
ial
au
to
m
atio
n
.
B
y
en
h
an
cin
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
th
ese
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
ca
lab
le
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t d
i
g
ital in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
An
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
is
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
s
en
s
in
g
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ed
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
n
en
er
g
y
-
awa
r
e
s
c
h
ed
u
lin
g
o
f
in
er
tial
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
u
n
its
(
I
MU
s
)
i
n
wea
r
ab
le
L
o
R
a
s
y
s
tem
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
ad
ap
tiv
e
s
en
s
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
ca
n
b
alan
ce
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
,
an
d
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
By
lev
er
ag
in
g
q
u
ater
n
io
n
-
b
ased
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ex
te
n
d
s
d
ev
ice
life
tim
e
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
r
eliab
l
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
is
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
r
elev
a
n
t
f
o
r
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
s
m
ar
t
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
h
u
m
an
-
ce
n
tr
ic
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
er
e
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
is
a
cr
it
ical
d
esig
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
t.
At
th
e
m
ater
ials
an
d
d
ev
ice
l
ev
el,
r
esear
ch
o
n
m
em
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
em
u
lato
r
s
an
d
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
el
ec
tr
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
-
e
f
f
ici
en
t
cir
cu
it
d
esig
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
u
ltip
lier
-
less
m
em
ca
p
ac
ito
r
em
u
lato
r
en
ab
les
lo
w
-
co
m
p
le
x
ity
im
p
l
em
en
tatio
n
wh
ile
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
n
eu
r
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
-
s
elec
tiv
e
cir
cu
its
.
Su
ch
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
p
o
w
e
r
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
n
e
x
t
-
g
en
e
r
atio
n
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
in
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
a
n
d
em
b
ed
d
ed
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
of
h
ar
d
war
e
-
l
ev
el
ef
f
icien
c
y
in
ac
h
iev
in
g
b
r
o
ad
er
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
g
o
a
l
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
is
s
u
e
i
n
clu
d
e
s
r
esear
ch
on
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
r
ef
lecta
r
r
ay
u
n
it
ce
lls
,
wh
ich
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
t
o
ef
f
icien
t
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
wav
e
m
an
i
p
u
latio
n
i
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Op
tim
izin
g
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
ter
m
s
o
f
b
an
d
wid
th
,
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
,
an
d
p
h
ase
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
e
n
ts
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
h
ig
h
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
m
o
d
e
r
n
d
i
g
ital
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
In
t
u
r
n
,
r
o
b
u
s
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
a
k
ey
e
n
ab
ler
o
f
s
m
ar
t g
r
id
s
,
in
tellig
en
t tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
an
d
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
co
llectiv
e
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
en
er
g
y
in
n
o
v
atio
n
with
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
to
b
u
ild
r
esil
ien
t
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
Fro
m
b
io
en
e
r
g
y
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
to
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
h
a
r
d
war
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
e
d
wo
r
k
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
m
u
lti
-
lay
er
ed
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
t
o
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
en
er
g
y
ch
alle
n
g
es.
T
h
is
h
o
li
s
tic
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
as
it
c
o
n
s
id
er
s
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
b
u
t
als
o
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
T
o
g
eth
e
r
,
t
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
a
d
v
an
ci
n
g
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
alig
n
e
d
with
g
lo
b
al
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
p
r
io
r
ities
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
-
r
ea
d
y
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Adv
a
nced
E
lect
ro
nic
s
,
Co
ntr
o
l,
a
nd
Co
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n
S
y
s
t
e
ms
Ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
elec
tr
o
n
ics,
co
n
tr
o
l
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
co
n
tin
u
e
to
p
lay
a
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le
in
en
a
b
lin
g
in
tellig
en
t
an
d
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
ese
d
o
m
ain
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
ess
en
tial
b
u
ild
in
g
b
l
o
ck
s
f
o
r
m
o
d
e
r
n
a
p
p
licatio
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s
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
au
to
m
atio
n
to
n
e
x
t
-
g
e
n
er
atio
n
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
et
wo
r
k
s
.
I
n
th
is
is
s
u
e,
s
ev
er
al
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
t
o
cir
cu
it
d
esig
n
,
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
elin
g
,
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
e
f
f
ici
en
cy
,
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
co
m
p
lex
ity
a
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1078
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I
n
t
J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
1
0
7
5
-
1
0
8
4
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
wo
r
k
s
em
p
h
asize
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
b
u
t a
ls
o
ef
f
icien
cy
,
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
an
d
ad
a
p
tab
ilit
y
in
d
i
v
er
s
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
A
k
ey
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
i
n
ad
v
a
n
c
ed
elec
tr
o
n
ics
is
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
m
u
ltip
lier
-
less
m
em
ca
p
ac
ito
r
em
u
lato
r
,
wh
ich
o
f
f
er
s
a
c
o
m
p
ac
t
an
d
e
f
f
icien
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
m
em
o
r
y
-
b
ased
cir
cu
it
elem
en
ts
.
B
y
lev
er
ag
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
v
ey
o
r
s
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
am
p
lifie
r
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
h
ar
d
war
e
co
m
p
le
x
ity
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
.
T
h
e
em
u
lato
r
is
v
alid
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
u
latio
n
a
n
d
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
its
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
in
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
-
s
elec
tiv
e
cir
cu
its
an
d
n
e
u
r
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
m
em
o
r
y
-
e
n
ab
led
cir
cu
it
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ad
ap
tiv
e
an
d
in
tellig
en
t e
lectr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
tem
s
.
In
th
e
a
r
ea
of
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
,
r
esear
c
h
on
r
ef
lecta
r
r
a
y
an
ten
n
as
p
r
esen
ts
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
n
o
v
el
u
n
it
ce
ll
g
eo
m
etr
ies.
B
y
ev
alu
atin
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
atch
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
with
in
th
e
X
-
b
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
o
p
tim
izin
g
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
,
b
an
d
wid
th
,
a
n
d
p
h
ase
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
g
eo
m
etr
ic
v
ar
iatio
n
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
an
te
n
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
p
ath
wa
y
s
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
in
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
ar
r
a
y
d
esig
n
s
.
Su
c
h
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
i
s
f
u
r
th
er
ad
v
an
ce
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
co
m
p
lex
d
y
n
am
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
of
m
ix
ed
lo
g
ical
d
y
n
am
ical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
co
m
b
in
ed
with
m
o
d
el
p
r
ed
icti
v
e
co
n
tr
o
l
en
ab
les
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
h
an
d
lin
g
of
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
ex
h
ib
it
b
o
th
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
an
d
d
is
cr
ete
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
on
a
th
r
ee
-
ta
n
k
s
p
h
er
ical
s
y
s
tem
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
tab
ilit
y
,
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
h
an
d
lin
g
,
an
d
tr
ac
k
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
in
o
p
tim
izin
g
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
an
d
en
h
an
cin
g
s
y
s
te
m
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
e
s
s
.
C
o
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
th
ese
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
,
r
esear
ch
o
n
r
a
d
ar
-
b
a
s
ed
g
estu
r
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
h
u
m
a
n
-
m
ac
h
in
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
in
u
n
m
an
n
ed
ae
r
ial
v
eh
icle
(
UAV)
c
o
n
tr
o
l.
B
y
u
tili
zin
g
r
ad
ar
s
ig
n
als
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
class
if
ier
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
en
ab
les
r
o
b
u
s
t
g
estu
r
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
lig
h
tin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
v
is
u
al
o
b
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
lig
h
tweig
h
t
f
ea
t
u
r
es
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
class
if
ier
s
en
s
u
r
es
h
ig
h
ac
c
u
r
a
cy
wh
ile
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
lo
w
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
p
o
te
n
tial
o
f
alter
n
ativ
e
s
en
s
in
g
m
o
d
alities
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
in
tu
itiv
e
an
d
r
elia
b
le
co
n
tr
o
l
in
ter
f
ac
es
f
o
r
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
s
y
s
tem
s
.
An
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
in
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
n
etwo
r
k
-
lev
el
o
p
tim
izatio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
e
n
er
g
y
-
awa
r
e
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
an
d
i
n
tellig
en
t
r
o
u
tin
g
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
ad
ap
tiv
e
MA
C
lay
er
d
esig
n
w
ith
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
-
b
ased
r
o
u
tin
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
en
h
an
ce
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
r
e
d
u
ce
s
laten
cy
,
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
es
o
v
er
all
n
etwo
r
k
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
ar
e
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
r
el
ev
an
t
f
o
r
I
o
T
-
b
ase
d
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
er
e
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
p
r
esen
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
allen
g
es.
B
y
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
ese
is
s
u
es,
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
ef
f
icien
t c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
h
ar
d
war
e
-
awa
r
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
is
ex
p
lo
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
lig
h
tweig
h
t
co
n
v
o
l
u
tio
n
al
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
d
ep
lo
y
e
d
on
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
p
latf
o
r
m
s
s
u
ch
as
R
asp
b
er
r
y
Pi.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
t
h
e
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
s
b
etwe
en
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
m
em
o
r
y
u
s
ag
e,
an
d
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
em
b
ed
d
e
d
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
m
o
d
els
with
s
u
p
er
io
r
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
ac
cu
r
ac
y
d
o
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
tr
an
s
late
to
s
tab
le
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Su
c
h
in
s
ig
h
ts
ar
e
cr
itical
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
a
ctica
l d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
in
tellig
en
t sy
s
tem
s
in
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
r
esear
ch
o
n
s
en
s
in
g
an
d
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
wea
r
a
b
le
I
M
U
-
b
ased
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
of
ef
f
icien
t
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
c
ess
in
g
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
s
y
s
tem
d
es
ig
n
.
By
o
p
tim
izin
g
s
am
p
lin
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
a
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
a
n
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
en
s
in
g
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
with
in
a
u
n
if
ie
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
r
ef
lects th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
o
m
ain
s
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
co
llectiv
ely
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
how
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
in
ele
ctr
o
n
ics,
co
n
tr
o
l,
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
d
r
iv
in
g
th
e
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
of
in
tellig
en
t
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
wo
r
k
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
h
ar
d
wa
r
e
in
n
o
v
at
io
n
,
alg
o
r
ith
m
ic
in
tellig
en
ce
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
o
p
tim
izatio
n
to
ad
d
r
ess
em
er
g
in
g
ch
allen
g
es.
B
y
f
o
cu
s
i
n
g
o
n
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
a
d
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
,
th
e
r
esear
c
h
p
r
e
s
en
ted
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
n
ex
t
-
g
en
er
atio
n
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
o
g
eth
er
,
th
e
y
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
th
e
c
r
itical
r
o
le
o
f
th
ese
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
d
o
m
ain
s
in
e
n
ab
lin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le,
r
esil
ien
t,
an
d
in
tellig
en
t te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
es.
Art
if
icia
l
I
nte
llig
ence
f
o
r
H
ea
lt
h
a
nd
So
ciet
a
l
We
ll
-
being
(
SDG
3)
Ar
tific
ial
in
tell
ig
en
ce
(
AI
)
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
an
d
s
o
cieta
l
s
y
s
tem
s
by
en
ab
lin
g
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
e
n
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
,
ea
r
ly
d
iag
n
o
s
is
,
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
ized
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
of
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
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lec
&
C
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p
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I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
1079
A
d
va
n
ce
s
in
AI,
I
o
T,
and
s
ma
r
t
s
yste
ms
fo
r
e
merg
in
g
elec
tr
ic
a
l
and
co
m
p
u
ter
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
…
(
To
le
S
u
t
i
k
n
o
)
lear
n
in
g
,
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
a
d
v
an
ce
d
d
ata
a
n
aly
tics
in
to
h
e
alth
-
r
elate
d
ap
p
licatio
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s
is
r
es
h
ap
in
g
how
d
is
ea
s
es
ar
e
d
etec
ted
,
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
,
a
n
d
m
an
ag
ed
.
I
n
th
is
is
s
u
e,
s
e
v
er
al
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
AI
-
d
r
iv
e
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
can
a
d
d
r
ess
cr
itica
l
ch
allen
g
es
in
m
ed
ical
im
ag
in
g
,
d
is
ea
s
e
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
,
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
b
io
m
ed
ical
d
ata
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
.
T
h
ese
wo
r
k
s
co
llectiv
ely
h
i
g
h
lig
h
t
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
r
o
le
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
h
ea
lth
o
u
tco
m
es a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
b
r
o
ad
e
r
s
o
cieta
l w
ell
-
b
ein
g
,
in
alig
n
m
en
t w
ith
SDG
3
.
A
p
r
o
m
in
en
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
m
ed
ical
im
ag
in
g
is
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
a
h
y
b
r
i
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
co
m
b
in
in
g
co
n
v
o
l
u
tio
n
al
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
v
is
io
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
f
o
r
m
u
ltimo
d
al
im
ag
e
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
.
B
y
lev
er
ag
in
g
t
h
e
g
lo
b
al
co
n
te
x
t
m
o
d
elin
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
lo
ca
l
f
ea
tu
r
e
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
C
NNs,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
of
alig
n
in
g
p
r
o
s
tate
MRI
an
d
tr
an
s
r
ec
tal
u
ltra
s
o
u
n
d
im
ag
es.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
atio
n
en
ab
les
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
i
s
e
d
iag
n
o
s
is
an
d
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
p
la
n
n
in
g
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
i
n
c
o
m
p
lex
clin
ical
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
wh
er
e
m
u
ltimo
d
al
d
ata
is
ess
en
tial.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
co
m
b
in
in
g
co
m
p
lem
en
ta
r
y
AI
ar
ch
itectu
r
es
ca
n
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
I
n
a
r
elate
d
d
o
m
ai
n
,
d
ee
p
lea
r
n
in
g
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
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h
es
f
o
r
b
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ea
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t
ca
n
ce
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class
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icatio
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ar
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ex
p
lo
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g
h
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
o
p
tim
ized
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
ar
ch
it
ec
tu
r
es.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
em
p
h
asizes
f
air
n
ess
-
d
r
iv
en
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
d
esig
n
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
at
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
b
etwe
en
m
o
d
e
ls
s
u
ch
as
R
esNet
-
5
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an
d
E
f
f
icien
tNet
-
B
0
a
r
e
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
u
n
d
er
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
s
tatis
tically
v
alid
ated
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
ar
ch
itectu
r
es
ex
h
ib
it
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
s
tr
en
g
th
s
d
ep
en
d
in
g
on
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
v
e
r
s
u
s
class
if
icat
io
n
task
s
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
u
n
d
er
s
c
o
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
r
ig
o
r
an
d
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
ilit
y
in
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
r
eliab
le
co
m
p
u
ter
-
aid
ed
d
iag
n
o
s
is
s
y
s
tem
s
.
B
ey
o
n
d
im
ag
in
g
,
AI
is
also
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
cr
itical
h
ea
lth
co
n
d
itio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
i
o
m
ar
k
er
an
aly
s
is
an
d
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
m
o
d
el
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
n
s
ep
s
is
d
etec
tio
n
u
tili
ze
s
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
an
d
d
ee
p
lear
n
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
id
e
n
tify
im
m
u
n
e
-
r
elate
d
g
en
e
s
u
b
s
ets
with
h
ig
h
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
r
elev
an
ce
.
B
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
wi
th
class
i
f
icatio
n
m
o
d
els,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ac
h
iev
es
h
ig
h
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
an
d
s
en
s
itiv
ity
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
its
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
ea
r
ly
d
is
ea
s
e
d
etec
tio
n
.
E
ar
ly
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
s
u
ch
life
-
th
r
ea
ten
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
p
atien
t su
r
v
iv
al
r
ates a
n
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
b
u
r
d
en
s
.
Me
n
tal
h
ea
lth
an
aly
s
is
r
ep
r
es
en
ts
an
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
ap
p
licatio
n
ar
ea
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
th
is
is
s
u
e.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
f
in
e
-
tu
n
ed
lan
g
u
ag
e
m
o
d
els,
s
u
ch
as
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
-
b
ased
ar
ch
itectu
r
es,
with
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
lik
e
g
en
etic
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
en
ab
les
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
d
e
tectio
n
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
f
r
o
m
s
o
c
ial
m
ed
ia
d
ata.
B
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
v
ec
to
r
iza
tio
n
an
d
class
if
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
co
m
b
in
in
g
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
n
at
u
r
al
l
an
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
with
in
tel
lig
en
t
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
ca
lab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
tr
en
d
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ea
r
ly
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
in
d
ig
ital e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
also
ap
p
lied
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
h
u
m
an
b
eh
a
v
io
r
an
d
em
o
tio
n
r
e
co
g
n
itio
n
,
wh
ich
h
av
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
a
n
d
h
u
m
a
n
-
c
o
m
p
u
ter
in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
R
esear
ch
o
n
f
ac
ial
em
o
tio
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
e
x
p
lo
r
es
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
tr
an
s
f
er
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
els
u
n
d
er
lim
ited
d
ata
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
m
o
d
el
s
elec
tio
n
,
d
ata
au
g
m
en
tatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies,
a
n
d
f
i
n
e
-
tu
n
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
ad
a
p
tin
g
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
ar
c
h
itectu
r
es
to
d
o
m
ain
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
to
ac
h
iev
e
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Su
c
h
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
b
e
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
ass
is
tiv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
t
o
o
ls
,
an
d
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
to
en
h
an
c
e
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
an
d
well
-
b
ei
n
g
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
AI
ex
ten
d
s
to
b
io
m
ed
ical
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
u
ch
as
f
a
u
lt
class
if
icatio
n
in
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
r
elev
an
t
to
m
ed
ical
d
ev
ices
an
d
r
eh
ab
ilit
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
B
y
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
in
clu
d
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
tr
ee
s
an
d
n
e
u
r
a
l
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
s
im
p
ler
an
d
more
in
ter
p
r
eta
b
le
m
o
d
els
can
ac
h
iev
e
co
m
p
etitiv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
is
in
s
ig
h
t
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
af
ety
-
cr
itical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
wh
er
e
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
ar
e
ess
en
tial.
T
h
e
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
m
o
d
el
co
m
p
l
ex
ity
an
d
in
ter
p
r
eta
b
ilit
y
r
em
a
in
s
a
k
ey
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
in
d
ep
lo
y
in
g
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
AI
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
b
r
o
ad
er
s
o
cieta
l
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
th
at
in
d
ir
ec
tly
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
h
ea
lth
an
d
well
-
b
ein
g
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
o
n
s
en
tim
en
t
an
aly
s
is
o
f
p
u
b
lic
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
u
s
er
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
a
n
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
,
wh
ich
can
in
f
o
r
m
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
in
p
u
b
lic
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
er
v
ices.
Similar
ly
,
AI
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
g
estu
r
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
a
n
d
h
u
m
an
-
m
ac
h
in
e
in
ter
a
ctio
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
s
af
er
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
in
tu
itiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
in
ass
is
tiv
e
an
d
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
ese
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
AI
b
ey
o
n
d
clin
ical
s
ettin
g
s
,
ex
ten
d
i
n
g
in
to
ev
er
y
d
ay
life
an
d
s
o
cieta
l in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
wo
r
k
s
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
co
llectiv
ely
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
AI
in
a
d
v
an
ci
n
g
h
ea
lth
a
n
d
s
o
cieta
l
well
-
b
ein
g
.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
ad
v
an
ce
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
wi
th
d
o
m
ain
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
s
ca
lab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
co
m
p
lex
c
h
allen
g
es
.
T
h
e
em
p
h
asis
o
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
i
n
ter
p
r
e
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
a
p
p
li
ca
b
ilit
y
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
at
th
ese
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
tr
an
s
lated
in
to
p
r
ac
tice.
T
o
g
eth
er
,
th
ey
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
t
h
e
cr
itical
r
o
le
of
AI
as
a
k
ey
e
n
ab
ler
in
ac
h
iev
in
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
e
h
ea
lt
h
o
u
tco
m
es in
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
er
a.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1080
I
SS
N:
2088
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8708
I
n
t
J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
1
0
7
5
-
1
0
8
4
I
nte
llig
ent
Da
t
a
-
Driv
en
Sy
s
t
em
s
a
nd
O
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
T
h
e
r
ap
id
g
r
o
wth
of
d
ata
av
ail
ab
ilit
y
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
h
as
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
in
tellig
en
t
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
s
y
s
tem
s
at
th
e
f
o
r
ef
r
o
n
t
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
lev
er
ag
e
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
,
s
tatis
t
ical
m
o
d
elin
g
,
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
to
ex
tr
ac
t
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
in
s
ig
h
ts
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
d
o
m
ain
s
.
I
n
th
is
is
s
u
e,
s
ev
er
al
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
e
x
p
lo
r
e
n
o
v
el
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
,
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
,
an
d
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
r
e
f
lectin
g
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
d
ata
-
ce
n
tr
ic
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
r
ac
tice.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
w
o
r
k
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
h
o
w
in
tellig
en
t
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
ad
a
p
tab
ilit
y
in
co
m
p
le
x
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
A
n
o
tab
le
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
th
is
d
o
m
ain
is
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
ce
n
tr
o
id
in
itializatio
n
m
eth
o
d
,
v
ar
ia
n
ce
-
k
-
m
ea
n
s
++
,
wh
ich
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
lim
it
atio
n
s
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
n
ess
in
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
clu
s
ter
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
By
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
s
tatis
tical
m
ea
s
u
r
es
s
u
ch
as
m
ea
n
an
d
v
ar
ia
n
ce
to
g
e
n
er
ate
p
s
eu
d
o
-
ce
n
tr
o
id
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
im
p
r
o
v
es
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
of
iter
atio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
.
E
x
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
k
-
m
e
an
s
an
d
k
-
m
ea
n
s
++
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
th
e
Dav
ies
–
B
o
u
ld
i
n
I
n
d
ex
a
n
d
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
is
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
itializatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
in
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
lear
n
in
g
an
d
t
h
eir
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
clu
s
ter
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
I
n
th
e
a
r
ea
o
f
tim
e
-
s
er
ies
an
al
y
s
is
an
d
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
h
y
b
r
id
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
in
h
er
en
t
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
of
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
a
n
d
d
y
n
am
ic
d
a
tasets
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
of
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
lo
n
g
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
m
em
o
r
y
(
B
iLST
M)
n
etwo
r
k
s
with
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
ar
ch
it
ec
tu
r
es
en
ab
les
th
e
ca
p
tu
r
e
o
f
b
o
th
lo
ca
l
tem
p
o
r
al
d
ep
en
d
e
n
cies
an
d
g
l
o
b
al
c
o
n
tex
tu
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
.
B
y
em
b
ed
d
in
g
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
lay
e
r
s
t
o
en
h
an
ce
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
ac
h
iev
es
im
p
r
o
v
ed
f
o
r
ec
as
tin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
lt
ip
le
d
atasets
.
Su
ch
h
y
b
r
id
a
r
ch
itectu
r
es
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
lear
n
in
g
p
ar
a
d
ig
m
s
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
m
o
d
els in
co
m
p
le
x
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
ta
s
k
s
.
E
co
n
o
m
ic
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
is
f
u
r
t
h
er
ex
p
lo
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
an
aly
s
es
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
r
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ac
h
es
f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
g
r
o
s
s
d
o
m
esti
c
p
r
o
d
u
ct
(
GDP)
g
r
o
wth
.
By
ev
alu
atin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as
n
aïv
e
m
o
d
els
,
s
m
o
o
th
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es,
an
d
k
-
n
ea
r
est
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
alu
ab
le
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
in
t
o
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
lim
itatio
n
s
of
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if
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er
en
t
f
o
r
ec
as
tin
g
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
-
b
a
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ca
n
o
f
f
er
im
p
r
o
v
ed
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
lan
n
in
g
a
n
d
p
o
licy
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
of
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
m
eth
o
d
s
b
ey
o
n
d
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
o
m
ai
n
s
,
ex
ten
d
in
g
in
to
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
aly
s
is
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
.
Op
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es
ar
e
a
ls
o
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
tly
f
ea
tu
r
e
d
in
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
in
t
h
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
an
d
m
o
d
el
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
s
u
ch
as
g
en
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
en
tr
o
p
y
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
s
,
with
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
en
ab
les
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
i
cien
t
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
p
ar
am
eter
s
p
ac
es
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
m
o
d
el
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fo
r
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
o
p
tim
izat
io
n
-
d
r
i
v
en
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
in
m
ater
ials
s
cien
c
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
d
ata
-
d
r
i
v
en
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ca
n
ac
ce
ler
ate
th
e
d
is
co
v
er
y
a
n
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
of
n
o
v
el
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
r
ed
u
ce
r
elian
ce
on
c
o
s
tly
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
h
i
g
h
lev
els
o
f
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
to
class
if
icatio
n
an
d
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
task
s
is
ev
id
en
t
in
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
al
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ad
v
an
ce
d
ar
c
h
itectu
r
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
-
b
ased
m
o
d
els
an
d
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
co
m
b
in
ed
with
d
ata
au
g
m
en
tatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
ch
as
g
e
n
er
ativ
e
ad
v
er
s
ar
ial
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
en
h
a
n
ce
s
class
if
icatio
n
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
g
e
n
er
aliza
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ar
e
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
v
alu
a
b
le
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
ch
allen
g
es
s
u
ch
as
class
im
b
alan
ce
an
d
lim
ited
d
a
t
a
av
ailab
ilit
y
.
B
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
class
if
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
ese
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
s
m
ar
t a
g
r
ic
u
ltu
r
e
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
u
s
tain
a
b
ilit
y
.
An
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
t
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
e
n
s
y
s
tem
s
is
th
eir
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
a
n
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
R
esear
ch
on
lig
h
tweig
h
t
m
o
d
els
an
d
e
f
f
icien
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
how
o
p
tim
izatio
n
can
be
tailo
r
ed
to
m
ee
t
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
of
ed
g
e
d
ev
ices
an
d
em
b
ed
d
e
d
s
y
s
tem
s
.
By
b
alan
cin
g
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
e
f
f
icien
cy
wit
h
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
t
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
en
ab
le
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
in
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
au
t
o
n
o
m
o
u
s
s
y
s
tem
s
,
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
an
d
m
o
b
ile
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
is
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
p
r
ac
tical
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t e
n
s
u
r
es th
at
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
e
ctiv
ely
tr
an
s
lated
in
to
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
tech
n
iq
u
es
with
d
o
m
ai
n
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etab
ilit
y
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
ca
b
ilit
y
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
els.
Stu
d
ies
in
th
is
is
s
u
e
em
p
h
asize
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
of
co
m
b
in
in
g
s
tatis
tical
v
alid
atio
n
,
d
o
m
ain
ex
p
e
r
tis
e,
an
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
ic
in
n
o
v
ati
o
n
to
ac
h
iev
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
o
u
tc
o
m
es.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
i
n
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
wh
er
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
h
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
im
p
licatio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
la
n
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
y
n
er
g
y
b
etwe
en
d
ata
an
d
d
o
m
ain
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
k
e
y
d
ir
ec
t
io
n
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
i
n
in
tellig
en
t sy
s
tem
s
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
co
llectiv
ely
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
d
ata
-
d
r
i
v
en
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
in
m
o
d
er
n
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
.
By
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
1081
A
d
va
n
ce
s
in
AI,
I
o
T,
and
s
ma
r
t
s
yste
ms
fo
r
e
merg
in
g
elec
tr
ic
a
l
and
co
m
p
u
ter
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
…
(
To
le
S
u
t
i
k
n
o
)
r
elate
d
to
d
ata
q
u
ality
,
m
o
d
el
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
ef
f
icien
cy
,
th
ese
wo
r
k
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
ad
v
an
cin
g
d
ata
-
ce
n
tr
ic
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
T
h
e
em
p
h
asis
o
n
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
an
d
r
e
al
-
wo
r
l
d
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
wi
d
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
d
o
m
ai
n
s
.
T
o
g
eth
er
,
th
ey
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
th
e
c
r
itical
r
o
le
o
f
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
in
te
llig
en
ce
in
s
h
ap
in
g
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
an
d
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
Sm
a
rt
Ag
ricult
ure,
I
o
T
,
a
nd
E
dg
e
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
en
c
e
T
h
e
co
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
o
f
s
m
ar
t
a
g
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
,
a
n
d
ed
g
e
i
n
tellig
en
ce
is
r
ap
id
ly
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
h
o
w
d
ata
is
co
llected
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
,
an
d
u
tili
ze
d
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
en
ab
le
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
e
f
f
icien
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
c
h
allen
g
es
in
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
au
to
m
atio
n
.
I
n
th
is
is
s
u
e,
s
ev
er
al
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
h
o
w
in
tellig
en
t
s
en
s
in
g
,
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
ca
n
b
e
in
teg
r
ated
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
en
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
s
y
s
tem
s
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
wo
r
k
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
in
tellig
en
ce
in
en
ab
lin
g
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
an
d
ad
a
p
tiv
e
s
o
lu
t
io
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
ap
p
licatio
n
d
o
m
ain
s
.
A
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ap
p
licatio
n
ar
ea
is
s
m
ar
t
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
wh
er
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
cr
o
p
h
e
alth
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
d
is
ea
s
e
d
etec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
g
e
n
er
ativ
e
ad
v
er
s
ar
ia
l
n
etwo
r
k
s
with
v
is
io
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
en
ab
les
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
b
alan
ce
d
d
atasets
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
class
if
icatio
n
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
r
ice
leaf
d
is
ea
s
e
d
etec
tio
n
.
B
y
ad
d
r
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al
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en
h
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er
aliz
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p
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p
o
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e
d
ap
p
r
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ac
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ig
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u
r
ac
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in
r
ea
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f
ield
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n
d
it
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s
.
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h
is
wo
r
k
illu
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
d
ata
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en
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v
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ar
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h
itectu
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ig
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ican
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im
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r
o
v
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r
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lity
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ates
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b
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tweig
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ch
itect
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tim
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r
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M
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with
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tr
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ased
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ale
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y
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co
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tio
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s
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ig
h
lig
h
t
th
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o
t
en
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p
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ac
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g
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r
t
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er
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.
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R
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ased
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ates
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im
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of
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alan
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ac
cu
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ac
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with
co
m
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e
f
f
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.
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e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
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l
th
at
m
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els o
p
tim
ized
f
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r
h
ar
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e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
can
ac
h
iev
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o
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m
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ce
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l
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wh
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o
p
er
at
in
g
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n
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er
lim
ited
r
eso
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ce
s
.
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h
is
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
h
ar
d
war
e
-
awa
r
e
d
esi
g
n
s
tr
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in
d
ev
elo
p
in
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p
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ctica
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AI
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tio
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s
.
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ad
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ased
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tem
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,
alter
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s
en
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m
o
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alities
ar
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also
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v
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h
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tn
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f
lex
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o
T
ap
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s
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s
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ad
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ased
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m
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lev
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lear
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h
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h
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ac
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c
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n
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d
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co
p
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of
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m
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m
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ter
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m
ar
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m
en
ts
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d
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to
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m
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t
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m
s
.
E
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g
y
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f
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tr
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in
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d
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f
e
n
er
g
y
-
awa
r
e
s
ch
ed
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lin
g
f
r
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ewo
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k
s
f
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r
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r
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le
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y
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tem
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g
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er
tial
m
ea
s
u
r
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en
t
u
n
its
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
ad
ap
tiv
e
s
en
s
in
g
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
ca
n
ex
te
n
d
d
ev
ice
life
tim
e.
B
y
o
p
tim
izin
g
s
am
p
lin
g
r
ates,
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
t
r
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
alan
ce
s
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
a
g
em
en
t in
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
I
o
T
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
n
etwo
r
k
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
lay
a
cr
itical
r
o
le
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
I
o
T
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
ts
.
R
esear
ch
o
n
e
n
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
MA
C
lay
er
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
an
d
o
p
tim
ized
r
o
u
tin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
L
o
R
aWAN
n
etwo
r
k
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
h
o
w
in
te
llig
en
t
co
m
m
u
n
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n
s
tr
ateg
ies
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
r
ed
u
ce
laten
cy
,
a
n
d
en
h
an
ce
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
en
a
b
lin
g
r
o
b
u
s
t
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
in
s
m
ar
t
ag
r
icu
lt
u
r
e,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
B
y
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
b
o
t
h
n
etwo
r
k
-
lev
el
a
n
d
d
e
v
ice
-
lev
el
ch
allen
g
es,
th
ese
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
r
esil
ien
t I
o
T
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es.
An
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
is
d
o
m
ain
is
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
s
en
s
in
g
,
a
n
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
at
th
e
ed
g
e.
By
m
o
v
in
g
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
clo
s
er
to
d
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
ed
g
e
in
tellig
en
ce
r
ed
u
c
es
laten
cy
,
en
h
an
ce
s
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
es
s
y
s
tem
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
is
is
s
u
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
how
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
ar
ch
itectu
r
es
ca
n
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
a
n
aly
tics
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
in
d
y
n
am
ic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
i
s
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
h
if
t
f
r
o
m
ce
n
tr
alize
d
to
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
in
tellig
en
ce
is
a
k
ey
en
ab
ler
of
n
ex
t
-
g
en
er
a
tio
n
s
m
ar
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1082
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
I
n
t
J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
1
0
7
5
-
1
0
8
4
Fin
ally
,
th
e
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
c
o
llectiv
ely
h
i
g
h
lig
h
t
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
s
m
ar
t
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
I
o
T
,
an
d
ed
g
e
in
tellig
en
ce
.
B
y
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
a
d
v
an
ce
d
s
e
n
s
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
th
ese
wo
r
k
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ch
alle
n
g
es.
T
h
e
em
p
h
asis
on
s
ca
lab
i
lity
,
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
d
e
p
lo
y
m
en
t
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
ese
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
im
p
lem
en
t
ed
in
p
r
ac
tical
s
ettin
g
s
.
T
o
g
et
h
er
,
th
ey
r
ein
f
o
r
c
e
th
e
cr
itical
r
o
le
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
an
d
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
in
ad
v
an
cin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
r
esil
ien
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
E
du
ca
t
io
n,
H
um
a
n
-
Cent
er
ed
Sy
s
t
em
s
,
a
nd
SDG
4
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
h
u
m
an
-
ce
n
ter
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
s
h
ap
in
g
in
clu
s
iv
e,
eq
u
i
tab
le,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
o
cieties,
as
em
p
h
asized
b
y
SDG
4
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
r
ap
id
d
ig
ital
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
lear
n
i
n
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
is
i
s
s
u
e
p
r
esen
ts
s
ev
er
al
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
th
at
ex
p
lo
r
e
t
h
e
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
of
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
,
an
d
u
s
er
-
ce
n
ter
ed
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
.
T
h
ese
wo
r
k
s
co
llectiv
ely
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
how
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
en
g
ag
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
lear
n
in
g
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
A
k
ey
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
t
h
is
d
o
m
ain
is
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
a
th
e
o
r
etica
l
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
Su
s
tain
ab
le
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
Go
als
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
B
y
em
p
l
o
y
in
g
a
d
esig
n
s
cien
ce
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
en
ab
les
s
ch
o
o
ls
to
s
y
s
tem
at
ically
p
lan
,
m
o
n
ito
r
,
an
d
e
v
alu
ate
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
-
o
r
i
en
ted
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
of
a
web
-
b
ased
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
SDG
p
r
in
cip
les
in
to
s
ch
o
o
l
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
awa
r
en
ess
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
Gam
if
icatio
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
f
u
r
t
h
er
e
x
p
lo
r
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
tu
d
ies
an
aly
zin
g
lear
n
e
r
e
n
g
ag
em
en
t
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
in
m
ass
iv
e
o
p
en
o
n
lin
e
co
u
r
s
es
(
MO
OC
s
)
.
B
y
a
p
p
ly
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es,
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
in
g
am
if
ie
d
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
b
o
th
en
g
ag
em
en
t
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
lear
n
er
s
’
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
in
s
ig
h
ts
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
v
alu
ab
le
g
u
id
an
ce
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
m
o
tiv
atin
g
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
tech
n
ical
an
d
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
tr
ai
n
in
g
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
u
s
er
ac
ce
p
tan
c
e
an
d
b
eh
av
i
o
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
B
y
u
tili
zin
g
estab
lis
h
ed
th
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
els
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ex
a
m
in
es
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
e
n
cin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
willin
g
n
ess
to
ad
o
p
t
v
ir
tu
al
r
e
ality
-
b
ased
lea
r
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
,
an
d
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
t
ad
o
p
tio
n
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
n
ee
d
to
co
n
s
id
er
h
u
m
a
n
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
u
s
er
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
w
h
en
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
ad
v
an
ce
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Hu
m
an
-
ce
n
ter
e
d
d
esig
n
is
also
r
ef
lecte
d
in
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
in
g
on
u
s
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
,
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
s
en
tim
en
t
a
n
aly
s
is
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
d
ata
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
er
v
ices.
By
id
en
tify
in
g
p
atter
n
s
in
u
s
er
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
s
u
ch
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
en
a
b
le
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
er
v
ice
d
eliv
er
y
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
e
n
m
eth
o
d
s
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
h
u
m
a
n
-
ce
n
ter
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ey
o
n
d
tr
ad
itio
n
al
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
an
d
d
ata
an
aly
tics
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
en
ab
les
m
o
r
e
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
i
n
g
ex
p
er
ien
c
es.
B
y
lev
er
ag
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
le
ar
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
latf
o
r
m
s
ca
n
tai
lo
r
co
n
ten
t,
ass
ess
lear
n
er
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
tar
g
eted
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
d
iv
er
s
e
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
av
e
v
ar
y
in
g
n
ee
d
s
,
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
ty
l
es.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
th
is
is
s
u
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
how
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
can
en
h
an
c
e
b
o
th
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
i
n
clu
s
iv
ity
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
An
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
t
of
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
d
ig
ital
e
r
a
is
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
lear
n
in
g
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
es.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
ch
as
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
I
o
T
,
an
d
ed
g
e
s
y
s
tem
s
en
ab
le
th
e
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
ten
t
ac
r
o
s
s
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ically
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
r
e
g
io
n
s
.
T
h
ese
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
r
em
o
te
lear
n
in
g
,
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
a
n
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
wh
ic
h
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
m
o
d
er
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
B
y
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
ch
allen
g
es
r
elate
d
to
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
r
e
d
u
cin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
is
p
ar
ities
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
c
o
llectiv
ely
em
p
h
asize
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
alig
n
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
wit
h
h
u
m
an
n
ee
d
s
an
d
s
o
cieta
l
g
o
als.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
with
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
r
in
cip
les
an
d
u
s
e
r
-
ce
n
ter
ed
d
esig
n
,
t
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
more
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
em
p
h
asis
on
en
g
a
g
em
en
t,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
ad
a
p
t
ab
ilit
y
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
ese
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
can
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
d
iv
er
s
e
lear
n
e
r
s
an
d
ev
o
lv
i
n
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
em
a
n
d
s
.
T
o
g
et
h
er
,
th
ey
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ce
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
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8708
1083
A
d
va
n
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s
in
AI,
I
o
T,
and
s
ma
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fo
r
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g
elec
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To
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cr
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icien
t
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
in
tellig
en
ce
,
wh
ic
h
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
alig
n
s
with
th
e
Su
s
tain
ab
le
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
Go
als
(
SDGs
)
.
T
h
is
p
ar
ad
ig
m
em
p
h
asizes
n
o
t
o
n
ly
th
e
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
an
d
a
d
v
an
ce
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
tech
n
i
q
u
es
in
to
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
but
also
t
h
eir
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
l
d
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
with
s
o
cieta
l
im
p
ac
t.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
th
ese
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
d
ir
ec
tly
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
SDG
9
(
I
n
d
u
s
tr
y
,
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
,
an
d
I
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e)
by
e
n
ab
lin
g
m
o
r
e
in
tellig
en
t,
s
ca
lab
le,
an
d
r
esil
ien
t
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
em
p
h
asis
o
n
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
to
SDG
7
(
Af
f
o
r
d
ab
le
an
d
C
lean
E
n
er
g
y
)
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
at
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
p
r
o
g
r
ess
r
em
ain
s
alig
n
e
d
with
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
a
n
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
A
k
ey
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
em
er
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
is
is
s
u
e
is
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
of
m
u
ltip
le
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
o
m
ain
s
in
to
u
n
if
ied
,
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
g
lo
b
al
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
tar
g
ets.
Ad
v
an
ce
s
in
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
an
aly
tics
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
clea
r
alig
n
m
en
t
with
SDG
3
(
Go
o
d
Hea
lth
an
d
W
ell
-
b
ein
g
)
an
d
SDG
4
(
Qu
ality
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
)
.
T
h
ese
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
s
ar
e
not
p
u
r
ely
tech
n
ica
l
but
also
r
ef
lect
a
s
y
s
tem
ic
ef
f
o
r
t
to
in
teg
r
ate
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
in
te
llig
en
ce
in
to
s
o
cially
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
B
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
,
I
o
T
,
an
d
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
co
llect
iv
ely
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
t
o
m
o
r
e
in
clu
s
iv
e,
e
f
f
icien
t,
an
d
s
o
cially
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
An
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
ef
f
icien
t
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
in
tellig
en
ce
is
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
-
a
war
e
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
-
o
r
ien
ted
d
esig
n
,
wh
ich
d
ir
ec
tly
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
SDG
9
an
d
SDG
7
.
Sev
e
r
al
s
tu
d
ie
s
ex
p
licitly
ad
d
r
ess
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
s
u
ch
as
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
h
a
r
d
war
e
lim
itatio
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
a
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ar
e
v
iab
le
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
L
ig
h
tweig
h
t
AI
m
o
d
els,
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
an
d
en
er
g
y
-
awa
r
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
b
e
b
o
t
h
h
ig
h
-
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
n
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
ef
f
icien
t.
T
h
ese
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
d
esig
n
i
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
t
h
at
ar
e
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
b
u
t
also
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
an
d
s
ca
lab
le
ac
r
o
s
s
d
i
v
er
s
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
s
.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
e
n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
is
also
clo
s
ely
lin
k
ed
to
SDG
3
an
d
SDG
9
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
i
n
tellig
en
t
d
ec
is
io
n
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ma
ch
in
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els,
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
an
aly
tics
,
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
e
n
ab
le
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
tim
e
ly
in
s
ig
h
ts
th
at
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
h
ea
lth
o
u
tco
m
es
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
p
lan
n
i
n
g
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
e
is
s
u
e
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
ch
allen
g
e
s
r
elate
d
to
d
ata
q
u
ality
,
f
air
n
ess
,
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etab
ilit
y
,
wh
ic
h
a
r
e
cr
itical
f
o
r
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
s
en
s
itiv
e
d
o
m
ain
s
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es
is
ess
en
tia
l
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
r
eliab
le
an
d
eq
u
it
ab
le
tech
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
s
er
v
e
s
o
cieta
l n
ee
d
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
ef
f
icien
cy
ac
r
o
s
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
ic,
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
al
lev
els
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
d
ir
ec
tly
to
SDG
7
an
d
SDG
9
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
l
y
in
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Alg
o
r
it
h
m
ic
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
s
u
ch
as
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
a
n
d
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
elin
g
en
h
an
c
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
,
wh
ile
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
At
th
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
al
lev
el,
a
d
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
in
I
o
T
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
,
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
s
y
s
tem
s
en
ab
le
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
en
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
is
m
u
lti
-
lay
er
ed
o
p
tim
izatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ar
e
alig
n
ed
with
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
in
n
o
v
atio
n
g
o
als.
Hu
m
an
-
ce
n
ter
e
d
d
esig
n
co
n
s
i
d
er
atio
n
s
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
SDG
3
an
d
SDG
4,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
o
f
u
s
er
b
eh
a
v
io
r
m
o
d
elin
g
,
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
to
h
u
m
an
n
ee
d
s
.
I
n
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
in
tellig
en
t
p
latf
o
r
m
s
an
d
g
a
m
if
ied
s
y
s
tem
s
en
h
an
ce
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
lear
n
in
g
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
d
ir
ec
tly
to
in
clu
s
iv
e
an
d
q
u
ality
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
u
tco
m
es.
Similar
ly
,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
ea
r
ly
d
iag
n
o
s
is
,
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
,
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
tr
ea
tm
en
t,
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
th
e
s
o
cieta
l
im
p
ac
t
of
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
i
n
t
e
l
li
g
e
n
c
e
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
f
air
n
ess
,
an
d
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
ilit
y
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
l
e
o
u
tco
m
es
alig
n
ed
with
all
f
o
u
r
tar
g
ete
d
SDGs
.
E
n
s
u
r
in
g
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
in
AI
m
o
d
els
an
d
v
alid
atin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
d
atasets
h
elp
s
b
u
ild
tr
u
s
t
in
cr
itical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
an
d
i
n
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
ese
p
r
ac
tices
ar
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
SDG
3
an
d
SDG
9,
wh
er
e
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
eth
ical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
t
h
u
m
an
s
af
ety
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
em
p
h
asis
o
n
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ev
al
u
atio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
r
ef
lects th
e
m
atu
r
ity
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
r
esear
ch
in
ad
d
r
e
s
s
in
g
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
co
m
p
lex
ity
.
An
o
th
er
k
ey
in
s
ig
h
t
is
th
e
s
h
if
t
to
war
d
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
in
tellig
en
ce
,
wh
ich
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
SDG
7
an
d
SDG
9
by
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
an
d
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
r
esil
ien
ce
.
E
d
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
r
ed
u
ce
laten
cy
an
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
wh
ile
en
h
a
n
cin
g
s
y
s
tem
au
to
n
o
m
y
.
T
h
es
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
v
alu
ab
le
in
r
em
o
te
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
wh
er
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
im
p
r
ac
tical.
T
h
e
d
ec
en
tr
aliza
tio
n
o
f
i
n
tellig
en
ce
th
u
s
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
a
cr
itical
s
tep
to
war
d
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1084
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
I
n
t
J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
1
0
7
5
-
1
0
8
4
Fin
ally
,
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
at
ef
f
icien
t
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
in
tellig
en
ce
is
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tall
y
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
SDGs
as
a
g
u
id
i
n
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
,
I
o
T
,
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
an
d
h
u
m
an
-
ce
n
t
er
ed
d
esig
n
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
at
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
o
n
ly
t
ec
h
n
ically
a
d
v
an
ce
d
b
u
t
also
s
o
cially
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le.
B
y
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
SDG
3
,
SDG
4
,
SDG
7
,
an
d
SDG
9
,
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
t
h
is
is
s
u
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
co
h
er
en
t
v
is
io
n
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
g
r
ess
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ey
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
t
r
o
n
g
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
aim
ed
at
b
u
ild
in
g
i
n
tellig
en
t,
r
esil
ien
t,
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
e
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
wo
r
ld
wid
e.
C
o
n
c
lu
s
i
o
n
T
h
is
ed
ito
r
ial
h
as
p
r
esen
ted
a
s
y
n
th
esis
o
f
4
7
r
esear
ch
ar
ticles
th
at
co
llectiv
ely
ad
v
an
ce
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
ef
f
icien
t
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
i
n
tellig
en
ce
in
alig
n
m
en
t
with
th
e
Su
s
tain
ab
le
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
Go
als
(
SDGs
)
.
Acr
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
d
o
m
ain
s
in
clu
d
i
n
g
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
elec
tr
o
n
ics,
ar
tific
ial
in
telli
g
en
ce
,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
,
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
a
te
s
tr
o
n
g
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
to
SDG
7
(
Af
f
o
r
d
ab
le
a
n
d
C
lean
E
n
er
g
y
)
an
d
SDG
9
(
I
n
d
u
s
tr
y
,
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
,
an
d
I
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
en
e
r
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
d
esig
n
s
,
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
,
I
o
T
-
b
ased
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es,
a
n
d
o
p
tim
ized
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
p
o
wer
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
n
p
ar
allel,
s
ev
er
al
wo
r
k
s
d
ir
ec
tly
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
SDG
3
(
Go
o
d
Hea
lth
an
d
W
ell
-
b
ein
g
)
v
ia
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
an
d
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
m
ed
ical
d
iag
n
o
s
is
,
d
is
ea
s
e
d
etec
tio
n
,
an
d
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lth
an
al
y
s
is
,
wh
ile
o
th
er
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
SDG
4
(
Qu
ality
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
am
i
f
ied
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
v
ir
t
u
al
r
ea
lity
ad
o
p
ti
o
n
,
an
d
in
tellig
en
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
a
clea
r
tr
an
s
itio
n
to
wa
r
d
in
teg
r
ated
,
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
ex
te
n
d
b
ey
o
n
d
th
eo
r
etica
l
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
i
n
to
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
im
p
ac
t.
L
o
o
k
in
g
f
o
r
war
d
,
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
ese
4
7
a
r
ticles
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
in
d
icate
s
ev
er
al
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
esear
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
First,
th
er
e
is
a
g
r
o
win
g
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ex
p
lain
ab
le,
r
eliab
le,
an
d
eth
ically
alig
n
ed
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
f
o
r
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
an
d
s
o
cieta
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
n
d
e
r
SDG
3
.
Se
co
n
d
,
f
u
tu
r
e
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
t
em
s
m
u
s
t
p
r
io
r
itize
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
,
lig
h
tweig
h
t
d
esig
n
,
an
d
ed
g
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
ca
lab
le
in
f
r
astru
c
tu
r
es
alig
n
ed
with
SDG
7
an
d
SDG
9
.
T
h
ir
d
,
in
tellig
en
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
l
o
g
i
es
an
d
h
u
m
an
-
ce
n
ter
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
f
u
r
th
e
r
en
h
an
ce
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
lear
n
in
g
q
u
ality
u
n
d
er
SDG
4
.
Fin
ally
,
d
ee
p
e
r
in
t
eg
r
atio
n
o
f
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
,
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es,
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
s
y
s
te
m
s
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
d
o
m
ain
s
will
b
e
ess
en
tial
to
b
u
ild
r
esil
ien
t,
ad
ap
tiv
e,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es.
Ov
er
all,
th
is
is
s
u
e
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
in
tellig
en
ce
is
b
ec
o
m
in
g
a
ce
n
tr
al
en
a
b
ler
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
s
o
c
i
e
t
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.