I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Appl
ied P
o
wer
E
ng
i
neer
ing
(
I
J
AP
E
)
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
573
~
5
8
0
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijap
e.
v
1
5
.
i
2
.
p
p
573
-
580
573
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//
ija
p
e.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m/
Fuzzy lo
g
ic
-
ba
sed
MPPT
co
ntrol fo
r so
la
r P
V
fed
thr
ee
-
pha
se
induction
mo
tor
driv
e in
wa
t
er p
u
mping
appli
ca
tio
ns
K
.
Ch
it
a
ny
a
1
,
Arj
y
a
dh
a
ra
P
ra
dh
a
n
2
,
B
a
bita
P
a
nd
a
2
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
N
a
r
si
m
h
a
R
e
d
d
y
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
(
N
R
C
M
)
,
H
y
d
e
r
a
b
a
d
,
I
n
d
i
a
2
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
K
I
I
T
d
e
e
m
e
d
t
o
b
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
B
h
u
b
a
n
e
s
h
w
a
r
,
I
n
d
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
No
v
1
2
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
J
an
1
3
,
2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
Ma
r
1
2
,
2
0
2
6
Th
e
re
li
a
n
c
e
o
n
tra
d
it
i
o
n
a
l
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s
fo
r
th
e
a
g
ric
u
lt
u
ra
l
wa
ter
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
fra
m
e
wo
rk
lea
d
s
to
h
ig
h
e
r
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
sts
a
n
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
c
o
n
c
e
rn
s.
Th
e
p
a
rti
a
l
sh
a
d
i
n
g
s
se
v
e
re
ly
re
d
u
c
e
t
h
e
so
lar
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
b
a
se
d
wa
ter
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
fra
m
e
wo
rk
e
ffica
c
y
.
Ow
in
g
t
o
p
a
r
ti
a
l
sh
a
d
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
we
r
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
a
rra
y
d
e
g
ra
d
e
s,
wh
ich
re
d
u
c
e
s
th
e
wa
ter
p
u
m
p
in
g
o
u
t
p
u
t.
Th
e
re
fo
re
,
th
is
a
rti
c
le
p
r
e
se
n
ts
a
lo
w
-
c
o
st
so
lar
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
fe
d
th
re
e
p
h
a
se
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
t
o
r
d
ri
v
e
n
sy
ste
m
,
wh
ich
h
e
lp
s
fo
r
th
e
r
u
ra
l
wa
ter
p
u
m
p
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
.
He
re
,
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
in
g
o
f
so
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
p
a
n
e
l
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
fu
z
z
y
lo
g
ic.
Us
u
a
ll
y
,
t
h
e
so
lar
p
a
n
e
l
g
i
v
e
s
d
irec
t
c
u
rre
n
t
p
o
we
r
is
sto
re
d
i
n
re
c
h
a
r
g
in
g
b
a
tt
e
ry
a
n
d
th
e
n
se
t
u
p
s
a
n
d
a
c
ts
a
s
so
u
rc
e
f
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
so
u
rc
e
i
n
v
e
rter
in
t
h
e
sta
n
d
a
lo
n
e
m
o
d
e
l.
A
n
o
v
e
l
si
n
g
le
ste
p
b
a
tt
e
ry
-
lo
w
p
o
we
r
tran
sfo
rm
a
ti
o
n
is
u
se
d
b
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
a
fu
z
z
y
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
we
r
trac
k
with
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
st
c
h
o
p
p
e
r
t
h
a
t
m
a
k
e
s
t
h
e
to
tal
se
tu
p
c
o
st
t
o
re
d
u
c
e
d
si
g
n
ifi
c
a
n
tl
y
.
M
a
m
d
a
n
i
fu
z
z
y
sy
ste
m
is
se
lec
ted
fo
r
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
in
g
(
M
P
PT
)
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
b
e
c
a
u
se
it
h
a
s
m
o
re
in
t
u
it
i
v
e
a
n
d
e
a
sie
r
to
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
If
-
Th
e
n
ru
le
b
a
se
s.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
e
ste
d
m
e
th
o
d
is
wo
rk
e
d
a
s
a
m
o
d
e
l
h
a
v
i
n
g
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
a
rra
y
,
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
we
r
trac
k
in
g
with
th
e
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
st
c
h
o
p
p
e
r,
v
o
lt
a
g
e
so
u
rc
e
i
n
v
e
rter,
a
n
d
t
h
re
e
p
h
a
se
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
i
v
e
.
T
h
e
in
v
e
rter
is
u
se
d
sin
u
s
o
id
a
l
p
u
lse
wid
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
a
s
th
e
c
o
n
tro
l
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
.
To
c
h
e
c
k
th
e
sim
u
latio
n
re
su
lt
s
th
e
t
o
tal
se
t
u
p
is
c
a
rried
o
u
t
in
M
ATLAB
so
ft
wa
re
.
Th
e
tes
t
re
su
lt
s
o
b
se
rv
e
d
t
h
a
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
is
u
se
fu
l.
It’s
e
ff
ic
a
c
y
i.
e
.
,
7
5
%
with
in
re
sp
o
n
se
ti
m
e
(1
se
c
)
fo
r
d
iffere
n
t
i
n
su
lati
o
n
s a
n
d
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Fu
zz
y
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
MPPT
So
lar
s
y
s
tem
W
ater
p
u
m
p
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ar
jy
ad
h
ar
a
Pra
d
h
an
Sch
o
o
l o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
KI
I
T
d
ee
m
ed
to
b
e
U
n
iv
er
s
ity
Patia,
B
h
u
b
an
esh
war
,
Od
is
h
a
7
5
1
0
2
4
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
ar
jy
ad
h
ar
a
.
p
r
ad
h
an
f
el
@
k
iit.ac
.
in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
s
ec
to
r
o
f
I
n
d
ia
is
d
ee
p
ly
b
ased
o
n
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
f
o
r
u
s
u
al
ir
r
i
g
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
s
tem
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
as
th
e
ar
tific
ial
s
c
h
em
e
m
ea
n
to
g
iv
e
wate
r
f
o
r
t
h
e
ir
r
ig
atio
n
.
T
h
e
I
n
d
ian
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
th
e
g
r
id
p
o
wer
o
r
th
e
d
iesel
g
en
er
ato
r
to
wo
r
k
th
e
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
s
tem
th
at
m
a
y
lea
d
to
m
ass
iv
e
d
elay
an
d
f
i
n
an
cial
s
tr
ess
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
an
e
f
f
icien
t
ir
r
ig
atio
n
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
i.e
.
,
t
h
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
wate
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
is
a
b
etter
ad
v
an
tag
e.
I
t
en
h
an
ce
s
its
cr
o
p
y
ield
s
b
y
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
r
eliab
le
an
d
p
er
s
is
ten
t
wate
r
s
u
p
p
ly
to
its
f
ield
.
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
to
s
tar
t th
e
p
u
m
p
m
o
d
el
,
th
u
s
s
u
b
s
titu
tin
g
in
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t p
o
wer
g
r
id
an
d
th
e
p
o
llu
tio
n
ca
u
s
e
d
iesel
p
o
wer
v
e
r
s
io
n
.
Diesel
p
r
ice
is
v
o
latile
an
d
u
s
u
ally
ex
p
e
n
s
iv
e,
g
r
o
win
g
ir
r
ig
atio
n
co
s
ts
.
E
n
g
in
es
n
ee
d
f
r
eq
u
en
t
s
er
v
icin
g
,
o
il
f
lu
ct
u
atio
n
s
,
an
d
s
p
ar
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Diesel
p
u
m
p
will
p
r
o
d
u
ce
C
O₂
an
d
th
e
p
a
r
ticu
late
m
atter
,
ca
u
s
e
air
p
o
llu
tio
n
a
n
d
clim
ate
ch
an
g
es.
Diesel
en
g
in
e
f
iv
es
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
n
o
is
e,
af
f
ec
tin
g
lo
ca
l
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
Far
m
er
s
in
r
em
o
te
p
lace
s
f
ac
e
tr
o
u
b
le
in
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tin
g
f
u
el
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
is
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
b
y
t
h
e
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
wh
ich
g
iv
es
g
r
o
u
n
d
wate
r
f
o
r
th
e
ir
r
ig
atio
n
.
A
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esear
ch
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
573
-
580
574
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
with
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
]
-
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
wate
r
p
u
m
p
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
with
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
el
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
0
0
watts
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
t
o
6
0
0
0
watts
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e.
Nec
ess
ar
y
m
o
d
u
le
n
u
m
b
er
in
p
ar
allel
an
d
s
er
ies is
ap
p
lied
to
g
et
th
e
ess
en
tial p
h
o
to
v
o
ltai
c
p
an
el
o
u
tp
u
t.
E
ac
h
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
le
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
is
tak
en
in
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
ay
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
least
o
f
7
5
watts
am
p
litu
d
e
v
alu
e
,
with
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
estab
li
s
h
m
en
t
f
o
r
p
o
wer
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
to
ler
an
ce
.
Ph
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
le
u
s
a
g
e
with
h
ig
h
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
ts
is
p
r
ef
e
r
ab
le
.
L
o
ca
lly
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
ed
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
le
h
a
v
in
g
m
u
lti
o
r
m
o
n
o
s
o
l
ar
cr
y
s
tallin
e
s
ilico
n
ce
ll is
ap
p
lied
in
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
ay
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
wate
r
p
u
m
p
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
with
b
u
ck
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
is
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
d
esig
n
in
g
is
ex
p
lain
ed
in
[
6
]
-
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
t
h
r
e
e
p
h
as
e
i
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
n
e
e
d
e
l
e
ct
r
i
c
al
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
b
et
w
e
e
n
m
o
t
o
r
r
o
t
a
ti
n
g
s
t
at
i
o
n
a
r
y
p
ar
ts
.
T
h
u
s
,
it d
o
es n
o
t r
eq
u
ir
e
an
y
co
m
m
u
tato
r
s
th
at
it is
m
a
in
ten
an
ce
f
r
ee
m
o
to
r
.
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
h
as h
ig
h
e
r
o
v
er
lo
ad
ca
p
ac
ity
lo
w
in
er
tia,
lo
w
weig
h
t,
an
d
h
ig
h
er
ef
f
icie
n
cy
.
T
h
en
,
it is
ch
ea
p
an
d
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t m
o
t
o
r
,
an
d
less
er
p
r
o
v
e
to
an
y
f
ailu
r
es
at
h
i
g
h
er
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
is
n
ee
d
as
th
e
r
o
to
r
p
ar
t
s
p
ee
d
b
ased
o
n
r
o
tato
r
y
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
th
e
s
p
ee
d
g
iv
e
n
b
y
m
o
to
r
s
tato
r
.
T
h
e
ad
ju
s
tab
le
v
o
lta
g
e
is
c
o
m
p
u
ls
o
r
y
as
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
r
esis
tan
ce
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
at
lo
wer
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
a
n
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
h
av
e
to
b
e
r
estricte
d
b
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
.
I
n
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
m
o
t
o
r
i
s
e
x
is
t
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
g
r
e
at
e
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
r
e
e
p
h
a
s
e
-
s
t
a
t
o
r
wi
n
d
i
n
g
t
o
p
e
r
m
it
a
m
o
d
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
le
p
air
n
u
m
b
er
.
T
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
p
u
m
p
s
n
o
r
m
a
lly
av
ailab
le
in
m
ar
k
et
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
n
eith
er
r
ely
o
n
th
e
d
iesel
n
o
r
o
n
elec
tr
icity
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
at
r
em
o
te
lo
ca
tio
n
is
av
ail
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
o
lar
p
u
m
p
in
g
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
its
cr
o
p
p
in
g
zo
n
e
with
s
y
s
tem
atic
wate
r
s
o
u
r
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
o
lar
p
u
m
p
in
g
.
Gr
id
u
n
r
eliab
ilit
y
h
a
m
p
er
s
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
,
m
a
k
in
g
s
o
lar
-
p
o
wer
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
a
v
iab
le
alter
n
ativ
e.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
p
u
m
p
is
f
r
ee
f
r
o
m
is
s
u
es
lik
e
th
e
f
ee
d
e
r
d
am
ag
es,
elec
tr
ic
s
u
p
p
l
y
cu
ts
,
an
d
r
ate
h
i
k
e.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
n
o
ted
th
at
o
win
g
to
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
o
f
r
eg
u
lar
v
o
ltag
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
b
u
r
n
in
g
out
an
d
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
tim
e
at
f
ac
ilit
y
ce
n
tr
es.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
b
etter
q
u
ality
an
d
co
n
s
tan
t
p
o
wer
w
h
ich
im
p
r
o
v
es p
u
m
p
life
o
f
u
p
to
3
0
y
ea
r
s
.
An
o
th
er
m
o
to
r
n
ee
d
h
ig
h
a
m
o
u
n
t to
r
q
u
e
th
at
is
wo
r
k
ed
b
y
elec
tr
ical
s
u
p
p
ly
,
th
en
n
o
v
el
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
d
o
es
n
o
t
n
ee
d
an
d
o
n
ly
d
is
tu
r
b
s
r
o
to
r
p
ar
t
th
at
im
p
r
o
v
es
p
u
m
p
life
,
wh
ile
o
th
er
ty
p
e
o
f
elec
tr
ical
r
u
n
n
in
g
p
u
m
p
life
b
ec
o
m
e
v
e
r
y
lo
w
an
d
ca
n
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
h
alf
o
f
its
s
o
lar
p
u
m
p
in
g
d
is
ch
ar
g
e.
T
h
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
in
g
with
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
s
is
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
[
1
2
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
i
c
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
is
in
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
is
v
er
y
clea
r
ly
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
[
1
6
]
-
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
in
g
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
in
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
in
v
e
s
tig
ated
in
[
1
9
]
-
[
2
1
]
.
I
t
is
o
p
er
ated
o
n
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
em
p
lo
y
in
g
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
ar
r
ay
[
2
2
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
I
t
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
in
to
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
th
at
is
tak
en
f
o
r
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
et.
I
t
is
d
r
awin
g
wate
r
f
r
o
m
p
o
n
d
s
,
o
p
en
wells,
b
o
r
e
wells,
s
tr
ea
m
s
,
an
d
ca
n
als.
I
t
n
ee
d
s
also
s
h
ad
o
w
-
f
r
ee
zo
n
e
f
o
r
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
ay
in
s
tallatio
n
.
W
ith
o
u
t
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
wate
r
p
u
m
p
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
s
in
d
esig
n
in
g
co
u
n
tr
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
r
ain
f
alls
an
d
u
n
r
ea
ch
ab
le
th
e
wate
r
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
r
eliab
le
wate
r
is
lack
i
n
g
l
i
m
it
c
o
llectin
g
to
ju
s
t
th
r
ice
th
e
y
ea
r
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
er
s
ar
e
f
o
r
ce
d
to
g
et
its
e
n
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
n
clea
n
,
t
o
x
ic
f
u
el
wh
ich
h
ar
m
s
co
m
m
u
n
ity
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
m
em
b
er
s
.
Peo
p
le
n
ee
d
to
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
o
n
th
e
lab
o
u
r
-
in
ten
s
iv
e
r
o
p
e
a
n
d
b
u
ck
et
o
r
ex
clu
s
iv
e
p
etr
o
l
an
d
d
iesel
wate
r
p
u
m
p
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
ir
r
i
g
atio
n
its
cr
o
p
.
B
asically
,
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
wate
r
p
u
m
p
r
u
n
n
in
g
b
y
c
h
an
g
in
g
th
e
s
u
n
li
g
h
t
to
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
wh
ich
will
wo
r
k
wate
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
.
T
h
e
n
,
it
em
p
lo
y
s
s
o
lar
p
an
el
to
g
ath
er
th
e
p
h
o
to
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
n
lig
h
t,
m
ak
i
n
g
th
e
DC
p
o
wer
wh
i
ch
cr
ea
tes
th
e
p
o
wer
f
o
r
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
to
th
e
p
u
m
p
in
g
wate
r
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
e
r
ter
is
ap
p
lied
i
f
p
u
m
p
in
g
m
o
d
el
r
e
q
u
ir
es
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
(
AC
)
p
o
we
r
r
ath
er
th
an
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
DC
)
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
wo
r
k
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es
ar
e
v
er
y
co
m
p
lex
,
co
s
tly
,
a
n
d
less
ef
f
ic
ien
cy
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
f
u
zz
y
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
o
lar
wate
r
p
u
m
p
s
y
s
tem
with
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
th
r
e
e
p
h
ase
in
v
er
ter
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
wh
ich
m
ak
es
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
m
o
r
e
ch
allen
g
in
g
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
es
ar
e
v
er
y
co
m
p
lex
,
c
o
s
tly
an
d
le
s
s
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
u
zz
y
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
o
lar
wate
r
p
u
m
p
s
y
s
tem
with
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
a
n
d
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
i
n
v
er
ter
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
wh
ich
m
ak
es
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
m
o
r
e
c
h
allen
g
in
g
.
T
h
u
s
,
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
en
m
o
t
o
r
f
o
r
wate
r
p
u
m
p
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
a
ck
i
n
g
is
f
o
cu
s
ed
in
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
.
I
t
g
i
v
es
wi
t
h
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
f
f
i
ci
e
n
c
y
,
l
o
w
c
o
s
t
,
a
n
d
s
i
m
p
l
i
ci
t
y
,
t
h
e
f
e
d
t
h
r
e
e
p
h
a
s
e
i
n
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
m
o
t
o
r
d
r
i
v
i
n
g
i
s
b
e
co
m
e
t
h
e
s
e
t
u
p
f
o
r
p
u
m
p
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
i
r
r
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
a
p
p
l
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
r
e
m
o
t
e
p
l
a
c
e
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
m
ain
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
lies
i
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
b
as
ed
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
a
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
ated
with
a
wate
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
d
r
iv
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
.
W
h
ile
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
s
ex
h
ib
it
lim
itatio
n
s
u
n
d
er
r
a
p
id
ly
ch
a
n
g
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
ar
tial
s
h
ad
in
g
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
.
T
o
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
ese
c
h
allen
g
es,
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
wo
r
k
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
an
o
p
tim
ized
f
u
zz
y
r
u
les
an
d
m
em
b
e
r
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
tu
n
in
g
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
f
ast
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
p
ee
d
,
r
ed
u
ce
d
o
s
cillatio
n
s
ar
o
u
n
d
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
en
h
an
ce
d
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icien
c
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
ex
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
s
ec
tio
n
p
ar
ts
a
r
e
o
r
g
an
ize
d
as
f
o
llo
ws.
Sectio
n
2
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
el
an
d
b
u
c
k
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
an
d
its
f
u
zz
y
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
.
Sectio
n
3
o
u
tlin
es
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
an
d
wate
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
s
tem
.
Sec
tio
n
4
ex
p
lain
s
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
L
astl
y
,
s
ec
tio
n
5
co
n
clu
d
es th
e
ar
ticle
with
f
in
al
r
em
ar
k
in
g
p
o
in
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
-
b
a
s
ed
MPP
T c
o
n
t
r
o
l fo
r
s
o
la
r
P
V
fed
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
…
(
K
.
C
h
ita
n
y
a
)
575
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
SYS
T
E
M
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
m
ai
n
b
lo
c
k
d
ia
g
r
am
is
g
iv
en
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
ex
e
m
p
li
f
ies
ar
r
ay
,
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
we
r
tr
ac
k
in
g
with
b
u
ck
b
o
o
s
t
ch
o
p
p
er
,
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
,
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
,
an
d
wate
r
p
u
m
p
.
T
o
tal
s
o
lar
ce
lls
ar
e
lin
k
e
d
in
p
a
r
allel
an
d
s
er
ies
to
o
b
tain
r
eq
u
ir
ed
o
u
tp
u
ts
as
a
s
o
le
s
o
lar
ce
ll
is
o
n
ly
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
m
a
x
im
u
m
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
0
.
6
V
to
0
.
8
V.
T
h
is
p
lan
n
e
d
m
o
d
el
is
k
n
o
wn
as
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
els
an
d
ar
e
ar
r
an
g
ed
in
tu
r
n
p
ar
allel
an
d
s
er
ies
to
m
a
k
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
a
y
s
,
as
illu
s
tr
a
ted
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
lls
h
av
e
its
o
wn
eq
u
iv
alen
t
ci
r
cu
it
d
iag
r
am
d
e
p
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
o
lar
,
a
m
ath
em
atica
l
d
esig
n
ed
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
is
m
ad
e
in
MA
T
L
AB
s
im
u
latio
n
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
h
e
in
f
er
e
n
ce
s
y
s
tem
f
r
o
m
m
at
h
em
atica
l
m
o
d
el
is
t
h
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
o
u
tp
u
t
is
n
o
n
l
in
ea
r
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
in
th
e
n
at
u
r
e
an
d
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
ch
an
g
es
o
f
s
u
n
lig
h
t
r
ad
iatio
n
s
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
o
u
tp
u
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
I
ts
b
en
ef
its
lie
in
h
ig
h
er
ef
f
icac
y
,
s
im
p
le
d
esig
n
,
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
d
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
co
u
n
t.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
it
is
n
o
t
with
o
u
t
lim
itatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
is
a
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tally
s
tep
-
d
o
wn
d
e
v
ice
,
r
estri
ctin
g
its
ap
p
licatio
n
to
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
th
at
n
ee
d
v
o
ltag
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
m
ain
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t c
ir
cu
it
d
iag
r
am
o
f
s
o
lar
ce
ll
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Po
wer
-
v
o
ltag
e
g
r
ap
h
T
ab
le
1
.
So
lar
p
an
el
elec
tr
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
2
5
0
.
0
W
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
t
ma
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
(V)
3
0
.
0
5
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
a
t
ma
x
i
mu
m
p
o
w
e
r
(A)
8
.
3
3
O
p
e
n
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
(V)
3
6
.
7
7
S
h
o
r
t
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
(A)
8
.
7
5
So
lar
s
id
e:
Sh
ad
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
m
u
ltip
le
p
o
wer
p
ea
k
s
o
n
cu
r
r
e
n
t
-
v
o
ltag
e
c
u
r
v
e;
f
astes
t
clo
u
d
tr
an
s
ien
ts
m
o
v
e
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
i
n
t
q
u
ick
ly
.
Mo
t
o
r
s
id
e:
R
ap
id
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
wer
s
win
g
ca
u
s
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
s
,
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
le,
s
p
ee
d
o
s
cillatio
n
s
.
C
en
tr
if
u
g
a
l
p
u
m
p
is
s
e
n
s
itiv
e
n
ea
r
s
h
u
to
f
f
;
r
e
p
ea
ted
s
tall
an
d
s
u
r
g
e
s
h
o
r
t
life
.
Hy
d
r
a
u
lic
s
id
e:
Un
s
tead
y
p
r
ess
u
r
e
is
in
d
u
cin
g
wate
r
h
am
m
er
a
n
d
ai
r
in
g
r
ess
.
DC
m
o
to
r
s
h
a
v
e
h
ig
h
er
m
ain
ten
an
ce
c
o
s
t
o
win
g
to
m
o
to
r
b
r
u
s
h
es.
T
h
e
b
r
u
s
h
less
DC
(
B
L
DC
)
m
o
to
r
s
h
av
e
h
ig
h
er
ef
f
icac
y
b
u
t
co
m
p
lex
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
co
s
tly
,
lim
ited
av
a
ilab
ilit
y
.
T
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
h
av
e
r
eliab
le,
r
u
g
g
e
d
,
lo
w
-
co
s
t,
wid
el
y
av
ailab
le
,
an
d
b
est s
u
ited
f
o
r
m
ed
iu
m
-
to
-
h
ig
h
p
o
wer
s
o
lar
wate
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
573
-
580
576
m
o
to
r
s
o
f
f
er
th
e
b
est
b
alan
ce
o
f
r
u
g
g
ed
n
ess
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
co
s
t,
an
d
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
,
m
ak
in
g
it
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
lar
g
e
ter
m
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
wate
r
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
a
p
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
s
ar
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
f
o
r
s
m
all
ter
m
,
h
ig
h
er
ef
f
icien
cy
ap
p
licatio
n
,
b
u
t
co
s
t
is
th
e
lim
i
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
DC
m
o
to
r
s
ar
e
n
o
t
f
it
f
o
r
lo
n
g
s
ca
le
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
u
m
p
in
g
o
win
g
to
h
ig
h
m
ain
te
n
an
ce
an
d
p
o
o
r
d
u
r
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
is
a
g
en
er
ally
u
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
an
d
in
v
er
ter
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
.
I
t
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
p
r
im
ar
il
y
in
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
to
g
en
er
ate
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
wav
ef
o
r
m
f
r
o
m
a
d
i
r
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
id
ea
is
to
co
n
t
r
o
l
t
h
e
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
'
s
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
al
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
.
3.
F
UZ
Z
Y
M
AX
I
M
UM
P
O
W
E
R
T
R
ACK
I
NG
CO
N
T
RO
L
L
E
R
T
h
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
o
p
er
ati
n
g
is
to
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
le
is
k
n
o
wn
as
m
ax
im
p
o
wer
t
r
ac
k
i
n
g
co
n
t
r
o
ller
.
I
t
ca
n
ab
le
to
w
o
r
k
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
in
tr
ac
k
in
g
a
n
d
to
g
iv
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el,
life
s
p
an
an
d
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
is
en
h
an
ce
d
d
u
r
in
g
all
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
t c
an
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
s
in
k
i
n
g
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
s
o
lar
to
lo
ad
f
o
r
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
co
n
d
itio
n
s
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
els
is
ex
tr
ac
t
ed
in
two
way
s
s
u
ch
as
elec
tr
ica
l
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
tr
ac
k
in
g
.
Fo
r
th
e
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
o
f
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
les,
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
eth
o
d
is
to
b
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll
p
o
wer
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
g
r
a
p
h
d
iag
r
a
m
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
tr
ac
k
in
g
o
f
s
o
lar
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
ar
e
g
en
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
p
er
tu
r
b
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
e,
in
cr
e
m
en
tal
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
,
f
u
zz
y
,
an
d
f
ac
tio
n
o
p
en
cir
c
u
it
v
o
ltag
e.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
,
f
u
zz
y
m
et
h
o
d
wh
ic
h
h
as
m
o
r
e
b
en
ef
its
in
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
we
r
tr
ac
k
in
g
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
a
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fu
zz
y
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
in
g
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
s
ch
em
es
b
ec
au
s
e
it
o
f
f
er
s
f
ast
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
with
o
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
ex
ac
t
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
tu
n
in
g
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
an
d
h
ar
d
war
e
o
p
er
atio
n
r
em
ai
n
m
ai
n
ch
alle
n
g
es,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
lar
g
e
s
ca
le
an
d
c
o
s
t sen
s
itiv
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Fu
zz
y
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
in
g
is
an
ad
a
p
tiv
e
tech
n
iq
u
e,
m
o
r
e
in
tellig
e
n
t
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
o
s
cillatio
n
s
,
f
aster
tr
ac
k
in
g
,
a
n
d
b
etter
ef
f
icien
c
y
u
n
d
e
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
t
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ax
im
izin
g
t
h
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
with
r
ap
id
ly
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
o
lar
an
d
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
th
at
m
ak
es
in
tellig
en
t
d
ec
is
io
n
s
b
ased
o
n
in
p
u
ts
in
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
.
I
t
h
as
two
in
p
u
t
s
ig
n
als,
o
n
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
an
d
to
tal
2
5
in
f
e
r
en
c
e
r
u
les.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
(
E
)
an
d
p
o
wer
(
P)
ar
e
two
in
p
u
ts
an
d
D
is
d
u
ty
cy
cle
c
o
m
m
an
d
th
at
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
e
d
to
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t
ch
o
p
p
er
is
o
u
tp
u
t.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
f
u
zz
y
m
eth
o
d
is
class
if
ied
in
to
f
u
zz
i
f
ier
,
r
u
le
b
ase
,
an
d
d
ef
u
zz
if
ier
.
T
h
e
m
ain
ag
en
d
a
o
f
f
u
zz
if
ier
is
co
n
v
er
t f
r
o
m
in
p
u
ts
an
d
o
u
t
p
u
ts
to
d
ef
in
e
d
f
u
zz
y
v
alu
es u
s
in
g
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
T
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
“E
”
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
5
)
ar
e
E
_
NB
,
E
_
NS,
E
_
Z
E
,
E
_
PS
an
d
E
_
PB
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
“P”
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
5
)
ar
e
P_
NB
,
P_
NS,
P_
Z
E
,
P
_
PS
an
d
P_
PB
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
“
D”
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
5
)
ar
e
D_
NB
,
D_
NS,
D_
Z
E
,
D_
PS
an
d
D_
PB
.
T
h
e
I
F
-
T
HE
N
r
u
les
o
f
s
y
s
tem
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
c
o
m
m
o
n
d
e
-
f
u
zz
in
g
m
eth
o
d
is
at
p
r
esen
t is ce
n
ter
o
f
ar
ea
m
eth
o
d
is
s
elec
ted
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l
m
ax
im
u
m
c
o
n
tr
o
l
h
as
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
o
f
s
t
r
o
n
g
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
ess
,
f
as
t
t
r
ac
k
i
n
g
s
p
e
e
d
a
n
d
g
o
o
d
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
q
u
al
i
t
y
a
n
d
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
ic
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
ca
n
b
e
en
h
an
ce
d
.
T
h
e
P
-
V
g
r
ap
h
s
tu
d
y
m
a
y
lead
to
im
p
lem
e
n
t f
r
o
m
th
e
in
f
er
en
ce
r
u
les.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
in
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
y
m
o
n
ito
r
s
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
v
o
lta
g
e
(
E
)
an
d
p
o
wer
(
P).
I
t
co
m
p
u
tes
Δ
P
an
d
Δ
E
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
if
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
m
o
v
in
g
to
war
d
s
o
r
awa
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
in
g
.
Usi
n
g
if
-
th
e
n
r
u
les,
it
ad
j
u
s
ts
th
e
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
d
u
ty
cy
cle
(
D)
.
I
f
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t is
n
o
t
r
ea
ch
ed
,
D
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
I
f
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
in
t is
r
ea
ch
ed
,
th
e
D
r
em
ain
s
c
o
n
s
tan
t.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
ad
j
u
s
ts
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
ly
.
T
h
e
en
h
an
ce
d
DC
p
o
we
r
is
g
iv
en
to
t
h
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
in
v
er
ter
,
wh
ich
p
o
wer
s
th
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
an
d
wate
r
p
u
m
p
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
co
n
tr
o
ller
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
-
b
a
s
ed
MPP
T c
o
n
t
r
o
l fo
r
s
o
la
r
P
V
fed
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
…
(
K
.
C
h
ita
n
y
a
)
577
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fu
zz
y
r
u
le
s
y
s
tem
4.
I
NDUC
T
I
O
N
M
O
T
O
R
DR
I
VE
A
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
e
r
ter
is
a
m
o
d
el
wh
ic
h
c
h
an
g
es
DC
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
in
to
AC
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
at
r
eq
u
ir
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
an
d
v
o
ltag
e.
It
is
in
ter
f
ac
in
g
b
etwe
en
an
y
two
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
lies
:
o
n
o
n
e
en
d
DC
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
o
n
o
th
er
e
n
d
t
h
e
AC
p
o
wer
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
f
ee
d
in
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
is
an
s
wer
ab
le
f
o
r
m
o
d
el
co
n
t
r
o
llin
g
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
with
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
is
a
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
o
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
th
e
in
v
er
ter
,
o
win
g
to
its
ad
v
an
tag
es
s
u
ch
as
lo
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
to
tal
h
o
r
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
lo
wer
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
,
an
d
h
ig
h
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
es
f
o
r
eq
u
iv
alen
t
DC
-
b
u
s
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
u
latio
n
with
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
eth
o
d
in
clu
d
es
d
ig
ital
wav
ef
o
r
m
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
th
e
d
u
ty
r
atio
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
wh
ich
a
v
er
ag
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
h
ap
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
a
p
u
r
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
A
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
s
etu
p
is
ex
p
lain
ed
in
MA
T
L
AB
.
T
h
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
ar
e
wid
ely
ap
p
lied
in
m
o
to
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
n
o
wad
ay
s
o
win
g
to
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
lo
w
co
s
t,
lo
w
m
ain
ten
an
ce
,
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
W
h
er
ea
s
p
u
m
p
wate
r
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
th
e
ir
r
ig
atio
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
th
e
lo
ad
d
r
aws
h
ea
v
y
cu
r
r
en
ts
th
e
n
it
is
d
esira
b
le
t
o
h
av
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
alm
o
s
t
two
to
th
r
ee
tim
es
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
r
atin
g
.
I
t
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
s
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
b
y
em
p
lo
y
in
g
th
e
f
u
zz
y
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
in
g
an
d
y
ield
in
g
th
e
s
o
lar
f
o
r
o
u
r
p
u
m
p
wate
r
s
y
s
tem
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
n
ee
d
s
th
e
lim
ited
m
ain
ten
an
ce
,
m
ea
n
wh
ile
it
o
p
er
ates w
ith
o
u
t sto
r
ag
e
b
atte
r
y
an
d
it d
o
es n
o
t
p
o
llu
te
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t in
n
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
o
n
l
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
way
v
ar
y
i
n
g
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
s
y
s
tem
s
p
ee
d
m
ac
h
i
n
e
in
f
in
itely
is
to
g
i
v
e
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
in
d
u
cti
o
n
m
o
to
r
with
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
v
ar
y
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
an
d
v
ar
y
in
g
m
a
x
im
u
m
v
alu
e
.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
is
ess
en
tia
l
as
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
b
ased
o
n
r
e
v
o
lv
in
g
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
s
p
ee
d
g
iv
en
b
y
s
tato
r
p
ar
t.
T
h
e
ch
a
n
g
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
is
m
a
n
d
ato
r
y
as
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
im
p
ed
an
ce
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
at
lo
w
er
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
th
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
h
a
v
e
to
b
e
r
estricte
d
b
y
d
ec
r
e
asin
g
th
e
m
ain
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e.
F
o
r
m
er
ly
i
n
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics,
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ct
io
n
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
is
li
m
ited
is
attain
ed
b
y
th
e
s
witch
in
g
t
h
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
s
tato
r
win
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
elt
a
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
to
th
e
s
tar
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
p
er
m
itti
n
g
th
e
v
o
lta
g
es
at
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
win
d
i
n
g
to
b
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
in
d
u
cti
o
n
m
o
to
r
is
also
ex
is
tin
g
with
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
th
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
s
tato
r
win
d
in
g
to
allo
win
g
th
e
p
o
le
p
air
n
u
m
b
er
ch
a
n
g
e.
T
h
o
u
g
h
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
with
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
win
d
in
g
s
is
ad
d
itio
n
al
ex
p
e
n
s
iv
e
as
ad
d
itio
n
al
th
an
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
n
etwo
r
k
s
to
in
d
u
cti
o
n
m
o
to
r
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
an
d
o
n
ly
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
is
cr
ete
s
p
ee
d
is
ex
is
tin
g
.
T
h
e
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
o
th
e
r
alter
n
ativ
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
r
ea
lized
b
y
th
e
s
lip
r
in
g
r
o
to
r
ty
p
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
ty
p
e,
wh
er
e
s
lip
r
in
g
r
o
t
o
r
win
d
in
g
s
id
es a
r
e
b
r
o
u
g
h
t o
u
t to
th
e
s
lip
r
in
g
s
.
5.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
A
L
RE
SUL
T
S
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
ased
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
w
er
tr
ac
k
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
was
ex
e
cu
ted
o
n
a
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
ated
with
a
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
d
r
iv
i
n
g
a
wate
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
in
g
Simu
lin
k
o
f
MA
T
L
AB
u
n
d
er
f
lu
ctu
atin
g
s
o
lar
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
an
d
tem
p
e
r
a
tu
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
ch
em
e
test
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
in
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
s
im
u
latio
n
s
o
f
twar
e.
I
t
will
r
ea
l
ize
m
ax
im
u
m
u
s
ag
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
en
e
r
g
y
with
b
u
c
k
b
o
o
s
t
ch
o
p
p
er
co
n
v
er
t
er
h
elp
.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
ize
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
g
g
ested
b
u
ck
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
co
p
p
er
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
th
e
co
s
t
,
asid
e
f
r
o
m
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
ef
f
icie
n
cies
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
at
ea
c
h
2
0
0
w/m
2
t
o
1
1
0
0
w/m
2
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
ch
em
e
u
p
h
o
ld
s
7
5
% e
v
en
lo
w
in
s
u
latio
n
lev
el
v
alu
e.
Ph
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
el
(
e
f
f
icien
cy
2
0
%,
lo
s
s
8
0
%),
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
(
ef
f
icien
c
y
9
5
%,
lo
s
s
5
%),
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
in
v
er
ter
(
ef
f
icien
cy
9
0
%,
lo
s
s
1
0
%),
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
573
-
580
578
m
o
to
r
(
ef
f
icien
cy
8
5
%,
lo
s
s
1
5
%),
wate
r
p
u
m
p
(
ef
f
icien
cy
7
0
%,
lo
s
s
3
0
%),
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
al
f
ac
to
r
s
(
ef
f
icien
cy
8
5
%,
lo
s
s
1
5
%).
I
t
r
ef
lects
th
e
s
ch
em
e
s
u
p
er
io
r
ity
o
v
er
o
th
er
s
y
s
tem
s
with
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
o
to
r
,
DC
m
o
t
o
r
,
an
d
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
e
d
to
v
a
lid
ate
th
e
m
ar
k
etab
le
d
ev
el
o
p
e
d
s
ch
em
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
an
d
its
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
th
e
o
th
er
m
o
t
o
r
d
r
iv
es,
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
cy
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
an
d
o
th
e
r
tr
ad
itio
n
al
a
r
r
an
g
em
en
t
is
wo
r
k
ed
o
u
t.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
is
ex
p
lain
e
d
s
e
v
er
a
l
v
al
u
es
o
f
s
o
lar
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
aic
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
am
ic,
tr
an
s
ien
t
,
an
d
s
tead
y
s
tate
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
test
ed
u
n
d
er
r
ap
id
an
d
s
lo
wly
ch
an
g
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
e
r
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
h
as
m
a
n
if
ested
a
f
air
ly
h
ig
h
ef
f
icac
y
at
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
v
e
r
o
th
er
s
ch
em
es.
T
h
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
y
is
tab
u
lated
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
tu
d
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
a
r
am
eter
s
,
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
c
o
s
t
,
an
d
s
im
p
licity
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
y
s
tem
ap
p
ea
r
s
b
e
tter
in
ev
er
y
asp
ec
t
as
co
m
p
ar
e
to
o
th
er
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
r
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
o
p
e
r
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
it seem
s
s
u
p
er
io
r
e
f
f
icien
t th
an
o
th
er
s
ch
em
es.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
E
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
s
tu
d
y
Ref
S
y
st
e
m
R
e
s
p
o
n
se
A
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
O
sci
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
A
d
a
p
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
[
4
]
P
e
r
t
u
r
b
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
o
b
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
a
n
d
i
n
c
r
e
me
n
t
a
l
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
me
t
h
o
d
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
H
i
g
h
Lo
w
[
5
]
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
Lo
w
Lo
w
H
i
g
h
Lo
w
[
15
]
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
n
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
Lo
w
Lo
w
H
i
g
h
H
i
g
h
[
11
]
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
f
u
z
z
y
ma
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
s
y
st
e
m
F
u
z
z
y
ma
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
F
a
st
V
e
r
y
h
i
g
h
Lo
w
H
i
g
h
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
an
d
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
f
ed
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
wate
r
p
u
m
p
s
y
s
tem
f
o
c
u
s
ed
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
s
tatic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
in
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
p
r
ac
tical
r
u
n
n
in
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
MA
T
L
AB
s
im
u
latio
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
e
l
s
im
u
latio
n
.
So
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltai
c
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
in
g
is
o
p
er
ated
f
o
r
b
u
ck
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
d
eliv
er
s
s
in
g
e
s
tag
e
wo
r
k
in
g
b
y
n
eg
lectin
g
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
tag
es.
T
h
e
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
s
tar
tin
g
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
d
o
n
e
with
o
u
t
ex
tr
a
cir
c
u
it.
I
t
is
lo
w
co
s
t,
an
d
s
im
p
le
as
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t
s
en
s
o
r
elim
in
atio
n
.
I
t
h
as
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
wo
r
k
in
g
ev
en
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
th
e
s
o
lar
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
b
en
ef
ic
ial
in
th
e
f
is
h
f
ar
m
s
,
t
h
e
s
tr
ee
t
wate
r
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
f
ar
m
ir
r
ig
atio
n
s
.
I
t
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
r
u
n
n
in
g
th
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
ay
at
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
b
y
em
p
lo
y
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
is
em
p
l
o
y
ed
to
d
r
iv
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
u
s
in
g
tak
in
g
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
u
tm
o
s
t
s
im
p
ler
an
d
r
e
liab
le
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
m
o
d
el
wo
r
k
s
s
atis
f
ac
t
o
r
ily
with
ch
a
n
g
in
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
an
d
in
s
o
latio
n
.
Me
an
wh
ile
,
it
is
g
iv
en
with
e
n
h
an
ce
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
h
i
g
h
er
ef
f
icien
cy
,
lo
w
co
s
t,
an
d
s
im
p
licity
,
th
e
f
ed
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
i
n
g
i
s
b
ec
o
m
e
th
e
s
etu
p
f
o
r
p
u
m
p
an
d
o
th
e
r
ir
r
ig
atio
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
th
e
r
em
o
te
p
la
ce
.
W
e
ca
n
d
ev
el
o
p
th
e
s
o
lar
wate
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
with
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
u
s
in
g
o
th
er
ty
p
e
o
f
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
in
f
u
t
u
r
e.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
ca
n
m
o
v
e
t
o
war
d
s
h
y
b
r
id
,
AI
-
d
r
iv
e
n
,
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
-
in
teg
r
ated
s
o
lar
p
u
m
p
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
ar
e
s
ca
lab
le,
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
a
n
d
r
elia
b
le
f
o
r
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
W
e
th
an
k
th
e
elec
tr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
ep
a
r
tm
en
t
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
u
s
in
v
ar
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
f
a
cilities
to
co
m
p
lete
th
is
p
ap
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
-
b
a
s
ed
MPP
T c
o
n
t
r
o
l fo
r
s
o
la
r
P
V
fed
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
…
(
K
.
C
h
ita
n
y
a
)
579
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT
)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
K.
C
h
itan
y
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ar
jy
ad
h
ar
a
Pra
d
h
an
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
B
ab
ita
Pan
d
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
co
n
f
lict o
f
in
t
er
est.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
d
ata
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
a
r
e
av
ailab
l
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
a
u
th
o
r
,
[
AP
]
,
u
p
o
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
eq
u
est
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
T.
Esr
a
m a
n
d
P
.
L.
C
h
a
p
ma
n
,
“
C
o
mp
a
r
i
so
n
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
a
r
r
a
y
ma
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s,
”
I
EEE
T
r
a
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
E
n
e
r
g
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
3
9
–
4
4
9
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
0
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TEC
.
2
0
0
6
.
8
7
4
2
3
0
.
[
2
]
T.
K
h
a
t
i
b
,
“
A
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
,
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g
st
a
n
d
a
l
o
n
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
st
e
ms,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
3
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
2
–
1
2
2
8
,
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
9
2
3
/
j
a
s
.
2
0
1
0
.
1
2
1
2
.
1
2
2
8
.
[
3
]
H
.
D
r
i
ssi
,
J
.
K
h
e
d
i
r
i
,
W
.
Z
a
a
f
r
a
n
e
,
a
n
d
E
.
B
e
n
B
r
a
i
e
k
,
“
C
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
st
u
d
y
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
w
o
ma
x
i
mu
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
ms,”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
H
y
d
r
o
g
e
n
En
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
4
2
,
n
o
.
1
3
,
p
p
.
8
6
8
9
–
8
7
0
2
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
j
h
y
d
e
n
e
.
2
0
1
6
.
0
9
.
1
9
3
.
[
4
]
A
.
M
.
N
o
ma
n
,
K
.
E
.
A
d
d
o
w
e
e
s
h
,
a
n
d
H
.
M
.
M
a
s
h
a
l
y
,
“
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
d
S
P
A
C
E
h
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
M
P
P
T
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
u
si
n
g
b
u
c
k
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
,
”
i
n
C
a
n
a
d
i
a
n
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
C
C
E
C
E.
2
0
1
4
.
6
9
0
0
9
2
5
.
[
5
]
R
.
K
u
mar
a
n
d
B
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
“
B
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
-
f
e
d
B
LD
C
m
o
t
o
r
d
r
i
v
e
f
o
r
so
l
a
r
P
V
a
r
r
a
y
-
b
a
se
d
w
a
t
e
r
p
u
mp
i
n
g
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
4
I
E
E
E
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s,
D
ri
v
e
s
a
n
d
En
e
rg
y
S
y
st
e
m
s,
P
ED
ES
2
0
1
4
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
P
ED
ES.
2
0
1
4
.
7
0
4
2
0
0
1
.
[
6
]
S
.
K
h
a
n
,
M
.
Z
a
i
d
,
M
.
M
.
A
.
K
h
a
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
S
a
r
w
a
r
,
“
A
n
o
n
-
p
u
l
sat
i
n
g
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
st
e
p
-
u
p
d
c
/
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
c
o
mm
o
n
g
r
o
u
n
d
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
f
o
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
I
EE
E
A
c
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
5
9
4
3
2
–
1
5
9
4
4
6
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
ESS
.
2
0
2
1
.
3
1
2
8
2
5
5
.
[
7
]
S
.
K
h
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
h
i
g
h
s
t
e
p
-
u
p
d
c
-
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
l
i
f
t
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,”
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
(
S
w
i
t
zer
l
a
n
d
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
9
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
su
1
3
1
9
1
1
0
5
9
.
[
8
]
S
.
K
h
a
n
,
M
.
Z
a
i
d
,
M
.
D
.
S
i
d
d
i
q
u
e
,
a
n
d
A
.
I
q
b
a
l
,
“
U
l
t
r
a
h
i
g
h
g
a
i
n
s
t
e
p
u
p
D
C
/
D
C
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
sw
i
t
c
h
e
d
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
l
i
f
t
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,”
I
ET
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
t
ro
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
9
3
2
–
9
5
2
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/
p
e
l
2
.
1
2
2
7
9
.
[
9
]
S
.
K
h
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
e
w
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
mer
l
e
s
s
u
l
t
r
a
h
i
g
h
g
a
i
n
DC
-
D
C
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
f
o
r
DC
mi
c
r
o
g
r
i
d
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
EEE
A
c
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
2
4
5
6
0
–
1
2
4
5
8
2
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
ESS
.
2
0
2
1
.
3
1
1
0
6
6
8
.
[
1
0
]
P
.
C
h
o
u
d
h
a
r
y
,
R
.
K
.
S
r
i
v
a
t
a
v
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
D
e
,
“
S
o
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
e
d
i
n
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
m
o
t
o
r
b
a
s
e
d
w
a
t
e
r
p
u
mp
i
n
g
s
y
st
e
m
:
a
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
c
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
s
,
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
me
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
7
4
t
h
I
EE
E
U
t
t
a
r
P
ra
d
e
s
h
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
,
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s,
U
P
C
O
N
2
0
1
7
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
6
6
6
–
6
7
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
U
P
C
O
N
.
2
0
1
7
.
8
2
5
1
1
2
9
.
[
1
1
]
A
.
M
u
d
l
a
p
u
r
,
V
.
V
.
R
a
ma
n
a
,
R
.
V
.
D
a
mo
d
a
r
a
n
,
V
.
B
a
l
a
s
u
b
r
a
ma
n
i
a
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
i
s
h
r
a
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
f
p
a
r
t
i
a
l
s
h
a
d
i
n
g
o
n
PV
-
f
e
d
i
n
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
mo
t
o
r
w
a
t
e
r
p
u
mp
i
n
g
s
y
st
e
ms,
”
I
EEE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
En
e
r
g
y
C
o
n
v
e
rsi
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
3
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
3
0
–
5
3
9
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TE
C
.
2
0
1
8
.
2
8
7
6
1
3
2
.
[
1
2
]
D
.
V
e
r
ma,
S
.
N
e
m
a
,
A
.
M
.
S
h
a
n
d
i
l
y
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
K
.
D
a
s
h
,
“
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
(
M
P
P
T
)
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
:
r
e
c
a
p
i
t
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
s
o
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
ms
,
”
Re
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
E
n
e
r
g
y
R
e
v
i
e
w
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
8
–
1
0
3
4
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
ser.2
0
1
5
.
1
0
.
0
6
8
.
[
1
3
]
J.
S
i
v
a
su
b
r
a
m
a
n
i
a
n
a
n
d
M
.
B
.
V
e
e
r
a
y
a
n
,
“
A
N
N
a
n
d
a
n
f
i
s
b
a
s
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
o
f
so
l
a
r
PV
d
r
i
v
e
n
w
a
t
e
r
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
sy
s
t
e
ms
e
m
p
l
o
y
i
n
g
q
u
a
si
z
-
s
o
u
r
c
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
4
9
9
–
3
5
1
3
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
4
2
8
3
5
-
0
2
3
-
0
1
7
7
8
-
4.
[
1
4
]
A
.
A
l
i
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
I
n
v
e
st
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
M
P
P
T
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
u
n
d
e
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
u
n
i
f
o
r
m s
o
l
a
r
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
-
a
r
e
t
r
o
sp
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
EE
E
Ac
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
2
7
3
6
8
–
1
2
7
3
9
2
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
ESS
.
2
0
2
0
.
3
0
0
7
7
1
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
573
-
580
580
[
1
5
]
M
.
S
u
ma
n
t
h
,
S
.
N
.
V
.
S
.
K
.
C
h
a
i
t
h
a
n
y
a
,
N
.
B
.
N
o
u
l
u
r
i
,
J.
K
o
k
k
i
l
i
g
a
d
d
a
,
a
n
d
P
.
N
.
P
u
t
h
i
,
“
S
o
l
a
r
w
a
t
e
r
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
s
y
st
e
m
w
i
t
h
B
LD
C
mo
t
o
r
a
n
d
a
n
n
-
b
a
se
d
M
P
P
T
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
4
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
G
ree
n
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
,
I
C
C
I
G
S
T
2
0
2
4
-
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
C
I
G
S
T6
0
7
4
1
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
0
7
1
7
5
0
3
.
[
1
6
]
A
.
N
.
K
u
mar,
C
.
S
a
n
j
a
y
,
a
n
d
M
.
C
h
a
k
r
a
v
a
r
t
h
y
,
“
A
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
e
n
d
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
l
a
y
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
me
f
o
r
d
o
u
b
l
e
-
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
t
r
a
n
s
mi
ssi
o
n
l
i
n
e
u
si
n
g
f
u
z
z
y
e
x
p
e
r
t
s
y
st
e
m,
”
C
o
m
p
l
e
x
a
n
d
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
S
y
st
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
3
5
–
3
4
6
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s4
0
7
4
7
-
0
2
0
-
0
0
1
3
1
-
w.
[
1
7
]
A
.
N
.
K
u
mar,
M
.
R
a
m
e
sh
a
,
S
.
J
a
g
a
d
h
a
,
B
.
G
u
r
u
r
a
j
,
M
.
S
.
K
u
mar
,
a
n
d
K
.
C
h
a
i
t
a
n
y
a
,
“
F
u
z
z
y
r
u
l
e
-
b
a
se
d
f
a
u
l
t
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
t
h
y
r
i
s
t
o
r
-
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
ser
i
e
s
-
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
t
e
d
t
r
a
n
smi
ssi
o
n
l
i
n
e
s,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Fu
z
zy
L
o
g
i
c
a
n
d
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
S
y
st
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
9
1
–
4
0
0
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
5
3
9
1
/
I
JF
I
S
.
2
0
2
1
.
2
1
.
4
.
3
9
1
.
[
1
8
]
A
.
N
.
K
u
mar,
C
.
S
a
n
j
a
y
,
a
n
d
M
.
C
h
a
k
r
a
v
a
r
t
h
y
,
“
F
u
z
z
y
e
x
p
e
r
t
s
y
st
e
m
b
a
se
d
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
d
o
u
b
l
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
i
n
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
t
r
a
n
s
mi
ss
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
s,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
p
a
p
e
r
s.ssr
n
.
c
o
m
/
so
l
3
/
p
a
p
e
r
s.
c
f
m?a
b
st
r
a
c
t
_
i
d
=
3
3
5
5
2
9
7
.
[
1
9
]
M
.
F
a
n
n
a
k
h
,
M
.
L.
Eh
a
f
y
a
n
i
,
a
n
d
S
.
Zo
u
g
g
a
r
,
“
H
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
i
mp
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
z
z
y
l
o
g
i
c
M
P
P
T
i
n
a
n
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
c
a
r
d
u
s
i
n
g
a
S
i
mu
l
i
n
k
su
p
p
o
r
t
p
a
c
k
a
g
e
f
o
r
PV
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
ET
Re
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
P
o
w
e
r
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
1
0
–
5
1
8
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/
i
e
t
-
r
p
g
.
2
0
1
8
.
5
6
6
7
.
[
2
0
]
A
.
A
.
A
l
l
a
t
a
i
f
e
h
,
K
.
B
a
t
a
i
n
e
h
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
l
-
K
h
e
d
h
e
r
,
“
M
a
x
i
mu
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
u
s
i
n
g
f
u
z
z
y
l
o
g
i
c
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
u
n
d
e
r
p
a
r
t
i
a
l
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
S
m
a
rt
G
r
i
d
a
n
d
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l
.
0
6
,
n
o
.
0
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
3
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
4
2
3
6
/
s
g
r
e
.
2
0
1
5
.
6
1
0
0
1
.
[
2
1
]
F
.
A
.
O
.
A
a
s
h
o
o
r
a
n
d
F
.
V
.
P
.
R
o
b
i
n
s
o
n
,
“
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
w
a
t
e
r
p
u
mp
i
n
g
s
y
st
e
m
u
si
n
g
f
u
z
z
y
l
o
g
i
c
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
,
”
i
n
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
U
n
i
v
e
rsi
t
i
e
s P
o
w
e
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
U
P
EC
.
2
0
1
3
.
6
7
1
4
9
6
9
.
[
2
2
]
A
.
P
r
a
d
h
a
n
,
B
.
P
a
n
d
a
,
L
.
N
a
n
d
a
,
C
.
J
e
n
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
a
h
o
o
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
v
a
r
i
o
u
s t
y
p
e
s
o
f
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
o
r
s o
n
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
PV
p
a
n
e
l
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
2
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
ren
c
e
f
o
r
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
I
C
O
N
AT
2
0
2
2
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
O
N
A
T5
3
4
2
3
.
2
0
2
2
.
9
7
2
5
8
2
5
.
[
2
3
]
D
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
a
n
d
B
.
Le
h
ma
n
,
“
A
n
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
s
o
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
a
r
r
a
y
u
si
n
g
m
o
d
e
l
-
b
a
se
d
r
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
,
”
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
st
r
i
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
5
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
2
6
4
4
–
2
6
5
4
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TI
E.
2
0
0
8
.
9
2
4
1
6
9
.
[
2
4
]
N
.
F
u
s
c
h
i
l
l
o
,
R
.
D
.
G
i
b
s
o
n
,
a
n
d
O
.
V
a
n
B
l
a
r
i
c
o
n
,
“
P
a
c
k
a
g
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
o
r
e
x
t
e
n
d
a
b
l
e
s
o
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
o
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
r
r
a
y
s,
”
I
EEE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
Ae
r
o
s
p
a
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
A
S
-
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
6
–
8
0
,
J
u
n
.
1
9
6
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TA
.
1
9
6
5
.
4
3
1
9
7
8
5
.
[
2
5
]
J.
T
.
B
i
a
l
a
si
e
w
i
c
z
,
“
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
t
e
ms
w
i
t
h
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
:
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
,
”
I
E
EE
T
r
a
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
st
r
i
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
5
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
2
7
5
2
–
2
7
5
8
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TI
E.
2
0
0
8
.
9
2
0
5
8
3
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
K.
Ch
ita
n
y
a
is
a
n
a
c
c
o
m
p
li
sh
e
d
sc
h
o
lar
wh
o
h
a
s
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
is
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r’s,
m
a
ste
r’s,
a
n
d
is
c
u
r
re
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
i
n
g
h
is
P
h
.
D
.
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
a
t
Ka
li
n
g
a
In
st
it
u
te
o
f
I
n
d
u
strial
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
KIIT
d
e
e
m
e
d
t
o
b
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
)
Bu
b
a
n
e
sw
a
r
in
I
n
d
ia,
a
c
h
iev
in
g
t
h
e
se
m
il
e
sto
n
e
s
i
n
2
0
0
8
,
2
0
1
1
,
a
n
d
2
0
2
2
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
His
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
fo
c
u
s
li
e
s
in
th
e
field
o
f
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
P
re
se
n
tl
y
,
h
e
h
o
ld
s
th
e
p
o
sit
io
n
o
f
a
ss
ist
a
n
t
p
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
i
n
t
h
e
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
a
t
Na
rsim
h
a
Re
d
d
y
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
ll
e
g
e
(
NRCM),
UG
C
-
A
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
M
a
isa
m
m
a
g
u
d
a
,
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
in
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
Tela
n
g
a
n
a
,
In
d
ia.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
c
h
a
it
a
n
y
a
.
k
4
0
7
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Dr
.
Ar
jy
a
d
h
a
r
a
Pr
a
d
h
a
n
sta
rted
wo
rk
i
n
g
a
s
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
r
a
t
Ve
d
a
n
ta
G
ro
u
p
,
Hin
d
u
sta
n
Zi
n
c
Li
m
it
e
d
,
Ra
jas
th
a
n
in
th
e
y
e
a
r
2
0
0
9
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
in
u
e
d
ti
ll
Ja
n
u
a
ry
,
2
0
1
1
.
Ne
x
t
,
sh
e
jo
in
e
d
KIIT
d
e
e
m
e
d
to
b
e
Un
i
v
e
rsity
a
s
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
in
th
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
si
n
c
e
2
0
1
1
.
S
h
e
h
o
ld
s
a
B.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
KII
T
Un
iv
e
rsity
i
n
t
h
e
y
e
a
r
2
0
0
9
,
M
.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
fr
o
m
KIIT
Un
i
v
e
rsity
in
t
h
e
y
e
a
r
2
0
1
3
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
.
fr
o
m
KIIT
De
e
m
e
d
to
b
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
i
n
th
e
y
e
a
r
2
0
1
8
.
H
er
re
se
a
rc
h
a
r
e
a
is
g
re
e
n
e
n
e
rg
y
wit
h
fo
c
u
s
o
n
so
lar
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ics
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
m
o
re
th
a
n
5
0
S
c
o
p
u
s
-
in
d
e
x
e
d
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
ten
p
a
ten
ts
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
ta
c
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
rjy
a
d
h
a
ra
.
p
ra
d
h
a
n
fe
l@k
ii
t.
a
c
.
in
.
Dr
.
Ba
b
it
a
P
a
n
d
a
re
c
e
iv
e
d
t
h
e
m
a
ste
r'
s
d
e
g
re
e
in
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
riv
e
s
i
n
2
0
0
9
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tr
ica
l
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
i
n
2
0
1
7
fr
o
m
Ka
li
n
g
a
I
n
stit
u
te
o
f
I
n
d
u
strial
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
d
e
e
m
e
d
to
b
e
U
n
iv
e
r
sity
,
B
h
u
b
a
n
e
sw
a
r,
In
d
ia.
S
h
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
w
o
rk
i
n
g
a
s
a
n
a
ss
o
c
iat
e
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
in
t
h
e
D
e
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
KIIT
Un
iv
e
rsity
sin
c
e
1
6
th
Au
g
u
st
2
0
1
2
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
c
o
m
p
lete
d
4
re
se
a
rc
h
p
ro
jec
ts
fu
n
d
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
In
stit
u
te
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rs
(I)
a
n
d
B
P
UT
(CRI
S
sc
h
e
m
e
).
He
r
re
se
a
r
c
h
a
re
a
s
in
c
lu
d
e
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
r
iv
e
s,
d
istr
ib
u
ted
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
a
n
d
sta
n
d
a
lo
n
e
a
n
d
g
ri
d
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
sy
ste
m
s
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
p
a
n
d
a
b
a
b
it
a
1
8
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.