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Hig
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Po
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CC B
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C
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p
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A
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J
awa
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Ma
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Dep
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jawa
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m
@
m
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ac
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in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
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en
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b
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n
er
g
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p
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eq
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r
es
co
n
v
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r
ter
s
f
o
r
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
[
1
]
.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
d
ep
letio
n
o
f
f
o
s
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r
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d
b
y
u
s
in
g
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en
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le
r
eso
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r
ce
s
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
s
o
lar
p
h
o
t
o
v
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ltaic
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ar
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s
tr
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v
ailab
ilit
y
an
d
lo
w
m
ain
ten
an
ce
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
[
3
]
.
A
m
ajo
r
p
r
o
b
lem
with
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E
S,
li
k
e
f
u
el
ce
ll
an
d
s
o
lar
ar
r
ay
s
tack
s
,
is
th
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lo
w
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tu
d
y
'
s
o
b
jectiv
e
f
r
o
m
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
p
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s
p
ec
tiv
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is
to
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ed
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ce
th
e
d
is
tr
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tio
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s
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o
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T
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p
ically
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DC
to
DC
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e
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v
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tal
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s
tan
ce
s
.
On
ly
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p
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ltag
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ar
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f
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C
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tly
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[
5
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.
Hig
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s
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o
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ad
itio
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al
b
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s
t
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
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ter
s
[
6
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
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m
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r
e,
ef
f
icie
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ce
d
an
d
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all
co
s
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is
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aised
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s
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t
h
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m
eth
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d
r
e
q
u
ir
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n
c
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th
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u
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f
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o
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h
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HS
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DC
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DC
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d
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[
7
]
.
T
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ten
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th
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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20
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6
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735
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Nev
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ased
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1
1
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o
ltag
e
s
tr
e
s
s
,
lo
w
ef
f
icien
cy
at
h
ig
h
er
p
o
wer
lev
els,
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
lex
d
esig
n
s
th
at
o
f
ten
r
eq
u
ir
e
h
ig
h
d
u
ty
r
atio
s
an
d
m
u
l
tip
le
s
tag
es.
T
h
ese
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
lead
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
lo
s
s
es,
lar
g
er
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
co
u
n
t
s
,
h
ig
h
er
co
s
ts
,
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
r
e
liab
ilit
y
[
1
2
]
.
E
v
en
ad
v
an
ce
d
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
q
u
asi
-
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
s
o
f
f
er
h
i
g
h
s
tep
-
u
p
r
atio
s
,
b
u
t
th
ey
s
till
f
ac
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
o
n
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
ev
ices,
u
n
ev
en
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t,
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
p
o
wer
d
en
s
ity
d
u
e
to
ad
d
itio
n
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
esp
ec
ially
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
y
in
g
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
m
itig
atin
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ex
te
n
d
in
g
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
life
an
d
m
ain
tain
in
g
ef
f
icien
cy
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
o
u
r
wo
r
k
s
u
g
g
ests
a
n
o
v
el
d
u
al
Z
S
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
with
lo
w
d
ev
ice
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
s
tep
-
u
p
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
:
–
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
h
ig
h
e
r
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
s
th
an
1
0
tim
es f
o
r
d
u
ty
cy
cles le
s
s
th
an
0
.
5
.
–
B
y
u
tili
zin
g
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
with
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
in
d
u
cto
r
s
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
th
e
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
r
ed
u
ce
s
lo
s
s
e
s
d
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
.
–
A
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
is
also
m
ad
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
an
d
o
th
er
h
ig
h
-
s
tep
-
u
p
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
to
clar
if
y
its
ad
v
an
tag
es a
n
d
lim
i
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
'
s
r
em
ain
in
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
ar
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
as
f
o
llo
ws
:
An
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
r
elev
an
t
wo
r
k
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
Sectio
n
3
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
to
p
o
lo
g
y
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
'
s
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Sectio
n
4
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
co
n
v
er
ter
to
al
ter
n
ativ
e
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
p
r
es
en
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
s
an
d
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
.
Sectio
n
5
en
d
s
with
a
c
o
n
clu
s
i
o
n
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
SU
RVE
Y
Sam
ad
ian
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
n
ew
th
r
ee
-
win
d
in
g
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
(
HS
-
U)
q
u
asi Z
S
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
b
ased
o
n
a
m
u
ltip
li
er
v
o
ltag
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
h
as
f
i
n
ally
b
ee
n
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
b
y
th
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
4
0
0
-
W
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
in
th
e
l
ab
.
T
h
r
ee
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
wer
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
Salim
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
f
o
r
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
p
o
wer
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
in
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
-
b
ased
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
an
aly
tical
m
eth
o
d
is
ex
a
m
in
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
s
witch
in
g
s
tr
ess
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Kis
h
o
r
an
d
Patel
[
1
6
]
s
u
g
g
este
d
an
im
p
r
o
v
ed
h
ig
h
-
g
ain
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
f
ea
tu
r
i
n
g
two
B
C
cy
cles
in
2
0
2
2
.
T
h
is
co
n
v
er
ter
is
ab
le
to
r
aise
a
1
2
V
s
u
p
p
ly
to
9
8
.
8
V
a
t
a
d
u
ty
r
atio
o
f
0
.
3
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
a
tin
g
its
s
u
p
er
io
r
ity
o
v
er
s
im
ilar
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
I
n
2
0
2
3
,
Sh
aw
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
p
r
esen
ted
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
b
o
o
s
t
DC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
er
ter
s
with
h
u
g
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
s
.
T
o
c
o
n
f
ir
m
t
h
at
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es a
r
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
in
ter
m
s
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
b
o
o
s
tin
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
,
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
d
ata
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
d
u
ty
cy
cles
with
f
i
x
ed
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
I
n
2
0
2
3
,
K
alah
asth
i
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
s
u
g
g
ested
a
Z
VS
-
b
ased
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
up
DC
–
DC
c
o
n
v
er
ter
u
s
in
g
a
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
lti
p
lier
an
d
two
lin
k
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
s
(
C
I
s
)
at
a
lo
wer
d
u
ty
an
d
tu
r
n
s
r
atio
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
at
f
u
ll
lo
ad
is
9
5
.
1
1
%.
E
n
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
in
ter
leav
ed
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
-
b
ased
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
th
at
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Hasan
p
o
u
r
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
i
n
2
0
2
4
is
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
AC
lo
ad
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
o
ass
ess
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
,
a
1
k
W
2
0
–
4
0
0
V
m
o
d
el
m
u
s
t
b
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
ed
as
th
e
last
s
tag
e
[
1
9
]
.
Z
h
o
u
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
s
u
g
g
ested
a
Z
S
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
th
at
h
as
lo
w
v
o
l
tag
e
s
tr
ess
an
d
h
ig
h
g
ain
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
if
ied
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
h
as
a
2
0
0
W
to
tal
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
,
a
4
0
0
V
o
u
tp
u
t
r
atin
g
,
an
d
a
n
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
4
0
t
o
8
0
V
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t
v
alid
ates
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
v
iab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
'
s
th
eo
r
etica
l a
n
aly
s
is
[
2
3
].
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
DUA
L
Z
-
SO
U
RCE DC
-
DC
CO
N
VE
R
T
E
R
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
a
d
u
al
Z
-
s
o
u
r
c
e
n
etwo
r
k
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
at
co
m
b
i
n
es
a
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
m
o
d
if
ied
q
u
asi
-
Z
S
n
etwo
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
'
s
g
en
er
al
b
lo
c
k
.
I
n
p
l
ac
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
if
ied
q
u
asi
-
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
n
n
etwo
r
k
I
I
,
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
n
et
wo
r
k
(
L
1
,
L
1
1
,
C
1
,
C
1
2
,
D1
an
d
L
2
,
L
2
1
,
C
2
,
C
2
1
,
D2
)
s
u
b
s
titu
tes
th
e
class
ical
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
s
n
etwo
r
k
ch
o
k
es
(
L
I
an
d
L
2
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
c
u
it
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
an
d
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
two
q
u
asi
-
Z
s
o
u
r
ce
n
/w
(
1
−
11
−
11
−
12
−
11
)
(
2
−
21
−
21
−
22
−
21
)
co
m
b
in
ed
with
a
co
n
v
en
tio
n
a
l
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
n
etwo
r
k
(
1
-
1
-
2
-
2
)
.
Als
o
in
clu
d
ed
ar
e
two
ad
d
itio
n
al
d
io
d
es
(
D1
a
n
d
D2
)
,
an
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
an
d
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
e
r
ter
.
T
h
e
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e
d
esig
n
in
teg
r
ates
f
ewe
r
ac
tiv
e
s
witch
es c
o
m
p
a
r
ed
to
ca
s
ca
d
e
d
o
r
m
u
lti
-
s
tag
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
lea
d
in
g
to
a
s
im
p
ler
an
d
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
ac
t
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
d
u
al
in
d
u
cto
r
s
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
in
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
r
ed
u
c
e
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
les,
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
m
o
o
th
er
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
b
etter
o
u
tp
u
t
q
u
ality
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
V
o
lta
g
e
s
tr
ess
mitig
a
tio
n
in
h
ig
h
-
g
a
in
DC
-
DC
co
n
ve
r
ters
vi
a
d
u
a
l
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
…
(
Ja
w
a
h
a
r
Ma
r
imu
th
u
)
737
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
'
s
ef
f
icien
cy
is
tak
en
to
b
e
1
0
0
%.
Af
ter
th
at,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t
ca
n
b
e
wr
itt
en
as
(
1
)
.
=
1
−
2
1
+
2
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s
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th
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u
r
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s
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4
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d
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e
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r
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o
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r
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4
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ath
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c
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u
r
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5
.
C
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RE
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ar
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ito
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ito
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8
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ito
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h
iev
e
a
g
r
ea
ter
p
ea
k
v
o
ltag
e,
th
ey
ca
n
em
p
l
o
y
a
lo
wer
d
u
ty
cy
cle
r
atio
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
th
at
ex
is
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
witch
o
f
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
8
0
v
o
lts
wh
en
th
e
s
u
p
p
lied
DC
v
o
ltag
e
is
6
0
v
o
lts
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
c
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
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s
tr
ess
ac
r
o
s
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th
e
d
io
d
e.
T
h
e
r
ap
id
r
is
e
an
d
f
all
tim
es
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
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io
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s
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ast
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witch
in
g
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p
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ile
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icate
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r
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n
Fig
u
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d
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,
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e
o
u
tp
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t w
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m
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Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Har
d
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e
s
etu
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(
a)
(
b
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(
c)
(
d
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Fig
u
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Simu
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a
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o
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t v
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ess
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io
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d
(
d
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v
o
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ess
ac
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th
e
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witch
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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2
2
5
2
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8
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2
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Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
735
-
743
740
4
.
1
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
R
ec
en
tly
,
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
h
i
g
h
s
tep
-
u
p
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
in
[
2
4
]
-
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
u
al
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
an
d
ass
ess
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
li
n
k
s
im
u
latio
n
s
an
d
v
alid
ate
d
u
s
in
g
a
h
ar
d
war
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
e
f
f
i
cien
cy
in
ac
h
iev
in
g
lar
g
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
s
at
lo
w
d
u
ty
cy
cles
wh
ile
m
in
im
izin
g
d
e
v
i
ce
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
.
Vo
ltag
e
g
ai
n
,
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
tr
e
s
s
,
an
d
d
u
ty
cy
cle
li
m
itatio
n
ar
e
th
e
f
o
u
r
m
ea
s
u
r
es th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Fo
r
an
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
4
0
V,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
ac
h
ie
v
es
an
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
4
0
0
V
(
1
0
×
g
ain
)
at
a
d
u
ty
cy
cle
b
elo
w
0
.
5
,
with
an
ef
f
icien
cy
e
x
ce
ed
in
g
9
5
%
an
d
a
s
witch
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
8
0
V.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
co
n
tr
asted
with
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
in
[
2
4
]
-
[
2
6
]
,
wh
ich
ac
h
iev
e
lo
wer
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
s
a
t
s
im
ilar
o
r
h
ig
h
e
r
d
u
ty
cy
cles a
n
d
ex
h
i
b
it h
ig
h
e
r
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
es.
T
h
u
s
,
b
y
co
n
tr
asti
n
g
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
with
th
o
s
e
o
f
o
th
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
,
it is
ev
id
en
t th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
f
er
s
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
r
eliab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
lim
itatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
is
th
at
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
h
as
b
ee
n
v
alid
ate
d
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
i
c
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
an
d
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
a
n
g
es;
ef
f
ici
en
cy
an
d
g
ain
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
m
ay
v
ar
y
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
p
er
atin
g
s
ca
les
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
,
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
will
f
o
cu
s
o
n
s
c
alin
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
f
o
r
h
ig
h
e
r
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
,
in
teg
r
atin
g
it
with
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
m
ain
tain
h
ig
h
e
f
f
icien
cy
u
n
d
er
d
y
n
am
ic
lo
ad
a
n
d
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
T
h
es
e
in
itiativ
es
aim
to
f
u
r
th
er
en
h
a
n
c
e
th
e
a
d
ap
tab
il
ity
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
in
p
r
ac
tical
r
e
n
ewa
b
l
e
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
o
p
tim
izin
g
th
e
d
esig
n
to
l
o
wer
t
h
e
p
ass
iv
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
c
o
u
n
t
a
n
d
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
clo
s
er
alig
n
m
en
t b
etwe
en
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
d
u
al
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
with
ex
ce
ll
en
t
s
tep
-
u
p
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
l
o
w
d
ev
ice
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
is
wo
r
k
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
co
n
v
er
ter
,
a
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
g
a
in
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
ten
tim
es
co
u
ld
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
at
a
d
u
ty
cy
cle
b
elo
w
0
.
5
.
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
with
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
in
d
u
ct
o
r
s
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
th
e
co
n
v
er
te
r
r
ed
u
ce
s
lo
s
s
es
d
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
ati
o
n
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
es
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icie
n
cy
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
an
aly
s
is
is
co
n
d
u
c
ted
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
an
d
d
is
tin
ctio
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
to
p
o
lo
g
y
an
d
alter
n
ativ
e
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
an
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
,
an
d
ass
o
ciate
d
d
ata
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
a
n
d
v
alid
a
te
th
e
b
en
ef
its
an
d
an
aly
s
is
.
Har
d
war
e
r
esu
lts
v
a
lid
ate
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
'
s
th
eo
r
etica
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
an
d
l
o
w
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t stre
s
s
u
n
d
er
p
r
ac
tical
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
ex
p
r
ess
h
is
h
ea
r
tf
elt
g
r
atitu
d
e
to
th
e
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
f
o
r
h
is
g
u
i
d
an
ce
an
d
u
n
wav
er
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t d
u
r
in
g
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
r
h
is
g
u
id
an
ce
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
No
t a
p
p
licab
le.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT
)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
J
awa
h
ar
Ma
r
im
u
th
u
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ar
o
ck
iar
aj
Ses
aiy
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
B
h
a
v
a
n
i
R
a
m
a
c
h
a
n
d
r
a
n
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
R
am
y
a
Hy
ac
in
th
L
o
u
r
d
u
s
am
y
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
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s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
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W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
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r
i
t
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n
g
-
R
e
v
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e
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&
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d
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t
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Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
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t
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n
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:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
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P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
V
o
lta
g
e
s
tr
ess
mitig
a
tio
n
in
h
ig
h
-
g
a
in
DC
-
DC
co
n
ve
r
ters
vi
a
d
u
a
l
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
…
(
Ja
w
a
h
a
r
Ma
r
imu
th
u
)
741
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
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