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515
f
r
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tab
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[
1
2
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[
1
3
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wh
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1
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Hu
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[
1
5
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p
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g
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.
Ph
am
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[
1
6
]
f
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eq
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T
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n
in
g
ar
e
p
iv
o
tal
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
a
c
t
u
a
l
W
P
T
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
o
r
E
-
b
i
k
e
s
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
m
a
i
n
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
W
P
T
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
f
o
r
E
-
b
i
k
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
5
2
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7
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2
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wer
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Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
26
:
5
1
4
-
524
516
R
ec
en
t
wo
r
k
s
h
av
e
ex
ten
d
ed
W
PT
ap
p
licatio
n
s
b
ey
o
n
d
s
tatic
ch
ar
g
in
g
.
Yan
g
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
d
y
n
am
ic
W
PT
(
DW
PT)
s
y
s
t
em
at
s
ig
n
alize
d
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
s
to
o
p
tim
ize
ch
ar
g
in
g
a
n
d
t
r
av
el
ef
f
icien
cy
f
o
r
au
to
m
ated
E
Vs
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
s
p
ee
d
p
lan
n
i
n
g
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
lo
ad
-
p
r
io
r
ity
an
d
tim
e
-
p
r
io
r
ity
d
r
i
v
in
g
.
Z
h
an
g
an
d
W
an
g
[
1
8
]
in
v
esti
g
ated
m
u
lti
-
tr
an
s
m
itter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
am
p
litu
d
e
–
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
r
atio
m
atch
in
g
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
c
o
u
p
lin
g
ef
f
icien
cy
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
ath
s
.
Similar
ly
,
Sra
id
i
an
d
M
aa
r
o
u
f
i
[
1
9
]
in
teg
r
ated
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
in
to
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
-
b
ased
W
PT
ch
ar
g
in
g
,
f
o
r
m
u
latin
g
an
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
to
m
in
i
m
ize
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
s
ts
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
e
f
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
illu
s
tr
ate
a
tr
en
d
to
war
d
in
tellig
en
t
an
d
a
d
ap
tiv
e
W
PT
ar
ch
itectu
r
es,
wh
e
r
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
u
s
t
co
n
s
id
er
b
o
th
cir
cu
it a
n
d
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
Mo
r
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es.
Var
ik
k
o
ttil
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
d
u
al
-
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
ased
o
n
in
n
er
r
eso
n
an
ce
an
d
o
u
ter
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
e
g
u
latio
n
to
s
tab
ilize
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
u
n
d
er
v
ar
iab
le
co
u
p
lin
g
c
o
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
Seo
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
a
co
m
p
ac
t
d
u
al
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
r
eso
n
an
t
co
il
an
d
im
p
lan
tab
le
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
b
io
m
ed
i
ca
l
W
PT,
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
th
e
v
er
s
atility
o
f
r
eso
n
an
t
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
o
m
ain
s
.
E
lwalaty
et
a
l.
[
22
]
an
aly
ze
d
an
in
d
u
ctiv
e
co
u
p
led
p
o
wer
tr
a
n
s
f
er
(
I
C
PT)
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
f
o
r
E
Vs,
f
o
r
m
u
latin
g
o
p
tim
al
lo
ad
r
esis
tan
ce
eq
u
atio
n
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
y
s
t
em
s
ta
b
ilit
y
,
wh
ile
Me
h
er
an
d
Sin
g
h
[
2
3
]
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
E
F2
i
n
v
er
ter
-
b
ased
ch
ar
g
er
,
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
en
h
an
ce
d
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
n
ten
t.
T
h
ese
co
n
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
b
r
o
a
d
a
p
p
li
ca
b
ilit
y
o
f
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
p
tim
izatio
n
in
W
PT
d
esig
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
m
o
s
t
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
o
n
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
es
o
r
a
n
aly
tical
m
o
d
els
with
lim
ited
in
teg
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
(
E
M)
b
e
h
av
io
r
a
n
d
cir
cu
it
-
le
v
el
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
lack
o
f
a
u
n
if
ie
d
s
im
u
latio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
o
f
te
n
r
esu
lts
in
an
in
co
m
p
lete
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
v
ar
i
atio
n
s
an
d
p
ar
asit
ic
ef
f
ec
ts
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
b
r
id
g
es
th
at
g
ap
b
y
lev
er
ag
in
g
C
ST
Stu
d
io
Su
ite,
a
3
D
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
cir
cu
it
co
-
s
im
u
latio
n
to
o
l,
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
s
.
C
ST
en
ab
les
ac
cu
r
ate
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
co
il
co
u
p
lin
g
,
an
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
en
s
itiv
it
y
,
f
ac
to
r
s
cr
itical
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
r
eliab
le
ef
f
icien
cy
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
.
B
ah
ar
o
m
et
a
l
.
[
2
4
]
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ly
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
C
ST’
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
d
etailed
E
M
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
ile
J
o
s
ep
h
et
a
l.
[2
5
]
v
alid
a
ted
its
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
f
o
r
f
lex
i
b
le
E
-
b
i
k
e
ch
ar
g
er
s
.
B
u
ild
in
g
u
p
o
n
th
ese
wo
r
k
s
,
th
e
p
r
ese
n
t
s
tu
d
y
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
in
v
es
tig
ates
th
e
in
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
cies
b
etwe
en
r
eso
n
an
t
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
,
co
il sp
ac
in
g
,
an
d
in
v
er
ter
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
lie
s
in
th
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
th
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
elin
g
,
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
s
im
u
latio
n
,
an
d
p
a
r
am
etr
ic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
to
d
er
i
v
e
d
esig
n
r
u
les
th
at
m
ax
im
ize
W
PT
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Sp
ec
i
f
ically
,
th
is
wo
r
k
:
i)
e
s
tab
lis
h
es
a
m
ath
em
atica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
m
o
d
el
m
u
t
u
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
a
n
d
r
eso
n
an
t
b
eh
av
i
o
r
;
ii)
im
p
lem
e
n
ts
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
-
d
o
m
ain
o
p
tim
izati
o
n
in
C
ST
to
alig
n
im
p
ed
an
ce
an
d
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
er
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
;
an
d
iii)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
9
9
%
p
ea
k
ef
f
i
cien
cy
at
a
r
eso
n
a
n
t
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
3
8
.
1
k
Hz
an
d
4
0
m
m
co
i
l
s
p
ac
in
g
,
v
er
if
ied
th
r
o
u
g
h
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
is
co
m
b
in
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
h
an
ce
s
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ci
b
ilit
y
.
I
t
also
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
ca
la
b
le
d
esig
n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
o
th
er
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
E
V
an
d
I
o
T
ch
ar
g
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
Hen
ce
,
th
is
p
ap
er
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
b
o
th
a
v
alid
ated
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e
an
d
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
d
esig
n
g
u
id
elin
e
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
n
e
x
t
-
g
en
er
atio
n
h
ig
h
-
ef
f
icien
cy
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
s
.
2.
DE
S
I
G
N
AND
M
O
D
E
L
L
I
N
G
O
F
T
H
E
WP
T
CI
RCUI
T
F
O
R
E
-
B
I
K
E
S
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
co
m
p
lete
d
esig
n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
in
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
co
m
p
ac
t
E
-
b
i
k
e
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
ellin
g
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
in
teg
r
ates
cir
cu
it
-
lev
el
r
eso
n
an
ce
an
aly
s
is
,
E
M
f
ield
s
im
u
latio
n
,
a
n
d
p
ar
am
eter
o
p
tim
izatio
n
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Stu
d
io
Su
ite.
T
h
e
o
b
jecti
v
e
is
to
ac
cu
r
ately
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
eso
n
a
n
t
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
a
n
d
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
th
at
m
ax
im
ize
tr
a
n
s
f
er
ef
f
icien
cy
at
a
p
r
ac
tical
co
il
s
p
ac
i
n
g
o
f
4
0
m
m
,
wh
ich
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
ty
p
i
ca
l
m
ec
h
an
ical
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
o
f
co
m
m
er
cial
E
-
b
ik
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
a
rc
hite
ct
ure
a
n
d o
pera
t
ing
princip
le
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
E
-
b
ik
e
c
h
ar
g
in
g
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
ax
im
u
m
en
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
ef
f
icien
cy
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
p
tim
ized
r
eso
n
an
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
elec
tio
n
an
d
in
v
e
r
ter
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
.
T
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
T
x
co
il
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
in
v
er
ter
an
d
a
R
x
c
o
il
lin
k
ed
to
a
r
ec
tifie
r
an
d
lo
ad
c
ir
cu
it.
B
o
th
co
ils
ar
e
m
ag
n
etica
lly
co
u
p
led
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
air
g
a
p
o
f
4
0
m
m
,
wh
ic
h
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
p
r
ac
tical
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r
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f
o
r
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p
ac
t E
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a
r
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h
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ee
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en
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atio
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ies
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x
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ito
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n
th
e
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x
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id
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o
r
m
a
s
er
ies
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p
ar
allel
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ce
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o
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y
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h
is
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
ef
f
ec
t
iv
ely
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h
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ce
s
m
ag
n
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u
p
lin
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n
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im
p
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tem
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u
ality
f
ac
to
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b
y
m
in
im
izin
g
r
ea
ctiv
e
lo
s
s
es
at
r
eso
n
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ce
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
is
g
o
v
er
n
ed
b
y
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
r
eso
n
an
t c
o
n
d
itio
n
,
as e
x
p
r
e
s
s
ed
in
(
1
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
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E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Op
timiz
ed
r
eso
n
a
n
t c
a
p
a
cito
r
a
n
d
s
w
itch
in
g
fr
eq
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en
cy
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
…
(
Wa
n
Mu
h
a
ma
d
Ha
kimi
Wa
n
B
u
n
y
a
min
)
517
=
1
2
√
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
elf
-
in
d
u
ctan
ce
o
f
th
e
co
il
an
d
d
en
o
tes
th
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
r
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an
t
c
ap
ac
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ce
.
Fin
e
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tu
n
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g
t
h
ese
ca
p
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ito
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s
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
b
o
th
t
r
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
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eiv
er
cir
cu
its
r
eso
n
ate
at
th
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s
am
e
f
r
eq
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en
cy
,
en
ab
lin
g
ef
f
icien
t e
n
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
.
T
h
e
3
D
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
co
ils
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d
ev
elo
p
e
d
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
C
ST
S
tu
d
io
Su
ite,
a
3
D
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
(
E
M)
an
d
cir
cu
it c
o
-
s
im
u
latio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
.
As s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
th
e
cir
cu
lar
p
lan
ar
c
o
ils
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
u
s
in
g
co
p
p
er
tr
ac
es
o
n
a
d
ielec
tr
ic
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
with
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
t
ies
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
r
ea
lis
tic
elec
tr
ic
al
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
a
n
d
m
ag
n
etic
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er
m
ea
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ilit
y
.
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h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
em
p
lo
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s
o
p
e
n
b
o
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n
d
ar
y
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n
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itio
n
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to
elim
in
ate
f
ield
r
ef
lectio
n
s
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
tetr
ah
ed
r
al
m
esh
in
g
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
s
wee
p
r
an
g
e
is
s
et
f
r
o
m
20
k
Hz
to
6
0
k
Hz
to
co
v
er
th
e
p
o
ten
tial r
eso
n
a
n
t b
an
d
o
f
th
e
E
-
b
ik
e
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sch
em
atic
o
f
th
e
c
o
i
l w
ith
s
er
ies
-
p
ar
allel
r
eso
n
an
c
e
cir
cu
it
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Mo
d
elin
g
o
f
W
PT
co
ils
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Stu
d
io
Su
ite
2
.
2
.
O
pti
m
iza
t
io
n
o
f
re
s
o
na
nt
pa
ra
m
et
er
s
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
d
ep
en
d
s
cr
itically
o
n
th
e
ac
cu
r
ate
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
r
eso
n
an
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
an
d
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
to
en
s
u
r
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
e
n
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
an
d
m
in
im
u
m
r
e
ac
tiv
e
m
is
m
atch
.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
an
in
teg
r
ated
p
ar
am
etr
ic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
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im
p
lem
e
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ted
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s
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g
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io
Su
ite
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eter
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in
e
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o
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tim
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ce
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n
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itio
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f
o
r
th
e
d
esig
n
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d
40
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m
m
tr
an
s
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itter
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ec
ei
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er
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ep
ar
atio
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,
wh
ich
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ef
lects
p
r
ac
tical
E
-
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ik
e
c
h
a
r
g
in
g
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
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o
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
,
f
o
u
r
d
esig
n
v
a
r
iab
le
s
ar
e
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izatio
n
:
th
e
T
x
s
er
ies
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
th
e
R
x
p
a
r
allel
ca
p
a
cito
r
s
1
an
d
2
,
an
d
th
e
in
v
er
ter
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
r
a
n
g
es
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
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ased
o
n
th
e
o
r
etica
l
r
eso
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an
ce
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
co
m
p
o
n
en
t a
v
ailab
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,
as su
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
b
jectiv
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t
o
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
m
ax
im
ize
th
e
tr
an
s
f
er
ef
f
icien
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an
d
m
in
i
m
ize
th
e
in
p
u
t r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
∣
11
∣
.
T
h
is
o
b
jectiv
e
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
2
)
.
=
−
|
11
|
(
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
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E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
26
:
5
1
4
-
524
518
W
h
er
e
is
a
weig
h
tin
g
f
ac
to
r
to
p
en
alize
e
x
ce
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s
iv
e
r
ef
lectio
n
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T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
ef
f
icien
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is
c
o
m
p
u
ted
d
ir
ec
tly
f
r
o
m
th
e
S
-
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
b
tain
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
ST
co
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s
im
u
latio
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,
as e
x
p
r
ess
ed
in
(
3
)
.
=
|
21
|
2
×
100%
(
3
)
A
g
r
ad
ien
t
-
ass
is
ted
tr
u
s
t
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r
eg
i
o
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
em
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ed
d
u
e
to
its
r
o
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u
s
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ess
in
h
an
d
lin
g
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
EM
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cu
it
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
iter
ativ
ely
a
d
ju
s
ts
,
1
,
2
,
an
d
u
n
til
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
is
ac
h
iev
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o
n
v
er
g
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ce
o
c
cu
r
s
wh
en
th
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im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
ef
f
icien
cy
b
e
twee
n
s
u
cc
ess
iv
e
iter
atio
n
s
is
less
th
an
0
.
1
%,
o
r
wh
en
p
ar
am
eter
v
ar
iatio
n
is
b
elo
w
1
×
10
−
3
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
elim
in
ates
m
an
u
al
tr
ial
an
d
er
r
o
r
tu
n
in
g
an
d
en
s
u
r
es r
ep
ea
tab
le
p
a
r
am
eter
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tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
d
esig
n
iter
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
es
to
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
eso
n
a
n
t
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
:
=
220
nF
,
1
=
162
nF
,
2
=
200
nF
,
an
d
=
38
.
1
k
Hz
.
Un
d
er
th
is
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
th
e
C
ST
co
-
s
im
u
latio
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
p
ea
k
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
9
9
%,
a
r
ef
le
ctio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
f
11
=
−
21
.
77
dB
,
an
d
a
tr
a
n
s
m
is
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io
n
co
ef
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icien
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f
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≈
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dB
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co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
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ce
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t im
p
ed
a
n
ce
m
atch
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g
.
T
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
T
x
co
il r
ea
ch
es
42
–
48
pe
ak
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
er
at
th
e
o
p
tim
al
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
atic
o
p
tim
izati
o
n
en
s
u
r
es
p
r
ec
is
e
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
en
h
an
ce
s
co
u
p
lin
g
r
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b
u
s
tn
ess
at
th
e
4
0
-
m
m
air
g
ap
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
r
ep
ea
tab
le,
s
im
u
latio
n
-
d
r
iv
e
n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
d
esig
n
i
n
g
h
ig
h
-
ef
f
icien
c
y
W
PT
in
ter
f
ac
es
f
o
r
E
-
b
ik
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
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h
e
ex
p
licit
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
r
eso
n
an
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
th
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
p
ea
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
ir
ec
tly
ad
d
r
ess
k
ey
lim
itatio
n
s
in
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
f
ix
e
d
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
W
PT
d
esig
n
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Op
tim
izatio
n
p
ar
am
et
er
s
an
d
s
ea
r
ch
r
a
n
g
e
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
S
y
mb
o
l
R
a
n
g
e
(
n
F
/
k
H
z
)
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
S
e
r
i
e
s
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
(
C
s
)
1
0
0
–
3
0
0
n
F
C
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
a
t
Tx
si
d
e
P
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
1
(
C
p1
)
1
0
0
–
2
5
0
n
F
F
i
r
st
R
x
-
s
i
d
e
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
t
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o
n
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a
r
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a
p
a
c
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r
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(
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p2
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0
n
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e
c
o
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d
R
x
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s
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d
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o
m
p
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n
sa
t
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o
n
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
f
s
)
30
–
4
5
k
H
z
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
2
.
3
.
Reso
na
nt
circ
uit
a
na
ly
s
i
s
a
nd
m
a
g
net
ic
f
ield e
v
a
lua
t
i
o
n
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
p
a
r
am
eter
s
is
v
e
r
if
ied
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
etailed
E
M
an
aly
s
is
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
th
e
T
x
c
o
il,
illu
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ati
o
n
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
at
th
e
co
il
ce
n
ter
an
d
s
m
o
o
th
atten
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atio
n
to
war
d
th
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ed
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es.
T
h
e
u
n
i
f
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ield
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u
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atch
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atch
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er
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ile
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icien
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atch
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Fig
u
r
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.
Ma
g
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f
ield
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I
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ased
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ased
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al
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f
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u
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ir
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Fig
u
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p
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M
AT
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ased
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Stu
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as sh
o
wn
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Fig
u
r
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–
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3
.
1
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na
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re
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iciency
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ce
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in
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as e
x
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r
ess
ed
in
(
4
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
5
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2
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ter
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ag
n
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icien
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th
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itter
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esp
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tiv
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(
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d
e
m
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tr
ates
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th
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tem
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icien
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im
p
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en
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tr
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h
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d
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e
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ig
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ip
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ac
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s
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d
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wi
tch
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g
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eq
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e
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,
p
ar
ticu
la
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ly
f
o
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4
0
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m
m
co
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ep
ar
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s
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in
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E
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b
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g
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g
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h
e
an
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y
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m
o
d
el
also
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v
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es
a
r
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er
en
ce
p
o
in
t
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
C
ST
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
.
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r
th
e
o
p
tim
ized
ca
p
ac
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s
o
f
=
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,
1
=
162
nF
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d
2
=
200
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,
th
e
th
eo
r
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l
r
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n
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ce
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ca
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lated
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x
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ately
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9
k
Hz.
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h
is
p
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ed
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o
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ely
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atch
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th
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ce
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im
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ly
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h
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o
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m
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th
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en
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er
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with
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e
th
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iv
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e
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ig
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air
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e
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r
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asis
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tes
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r
eso
n
a
n
ce
tu
n
in
g
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
ef
f
icien
cy
.
3
.
2
.
M
utua
l indu
ct
a
nce
a
nd
m
a
g
net
ic
c
o
up
lin
g
re
la
t
io
ns
hip
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
r
ed
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
co
ils
is
p
r
im
ar
ily
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
,
wh
ich
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
co
il
g
eo
m
etr
y
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
u
r
n
s
,
an
d
th
e
s
p
atial
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
em
.
T
h
is
r
e
latio
n
s
h
ip
is
g
iv
en
by
(
6
)
.
=
√
(
6
)
W
h
er
e
an
d
d
en
o
te
th
e
s
elf
-
in
d
u
ctan
ce
s
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
co
ils
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
co
u
p
lin
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
v
ar
ies b
etwe
en
0
(
n
o
co
u
p
lin
g
)
an
d
1
(
p
er
f
ec
t c
o
u
p
lin
g
)
.
I
n
p
r
ac
tice,
d
ec
r
ea
s
es with
lar
g
er
co
il
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
r
later
al
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t,
lead
in
g
to
a
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
d
r
o
p
in
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Fo
r
th
e
E
-
b
i
k
e
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
,
C
ST
s
im
u
latio
n
s
d
eter
m
i
n
e
d
th
at
th
e
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tially
b
ey
o
n
d
a
4
0
m
m
air
g
ap
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
t
h
e
an
al
y
tical
p
r
ed
ictio
n
.
T
h
e
in
d
u
ctiv
e
lin
k
r
em
ain
s
s
tab
le
with
in
th
is
d
is
tan
ce
.
T
h
is
en
s
u
r
es
co
n
s
is
ten
t
en
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
with
m
in
im
al
v
ar
iatio
n
in
t
h
e
c
o
u
p
lin
g
c
o
ef
f
icien
t.
T
h
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
wit
h
in
th
e
co
u
p
lin
g
r
eg
io
n
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
7
)
.
=
(
7
)
W
h
er
e
0
is
th
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
o
f
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e,
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
i
l
tu
r
n
s
,
is
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
in
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
co
il,
an
d
is
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
p
ath
len
g
th
.
T
h
e
(
7
)
was
u
s
ed
to
esti
m
ate
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
co
il
d
esig
n
p
h
ase,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
p
r
ed
icted
an
al
y
tically
was
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
C
ST’
s
m
ag
n
eti
c
f
ield
p
lo
ts
.
B
o
th
an
aly
tical
an
d
s
im
u
lated
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
tr
o
n
g
f
ield
co
n
f
in
e
m
en
t
at
th
e
co
il
ce
n
ter
,
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
s
elec
tio
n
.
3
.
3
.
Ana
ly
t
ica
l
–
s
im
ula
t
io
n c
o
rr
ela
t
io
n a
nd
v
a
lid
a
t
io
n
T
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
a
n
aly
tical
m
o
d
el,
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
p
o
wer
e
f
f
icien
cy
p
r
e
d
icted
b
y
(
1
)
-
(
5
)
wer
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
with
th
e
C
ST
o
p
tim
izatio
n
r
esu
lts
an
d
T
a
b
le
2
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
is
c
o
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
.
T
h
e
m
in
im
al
d
ev
iatio
n
(
<1
%)
b
etwe
en
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
s
im
u
lated
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
v
er
if
ies
th
at
th
e
C
ST
-
b
ased
o
p
tim
izatio
n
ac
cu
r
ately
r
e
f
lects
r
ea
l
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
T
h
e
cl
o
s
e
m
atch
in
ef
f
icien
c
y
v
alu
es
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
p
r
o
v
i
d
es a
r
eliab
le
b
aselin
e
f
o
r
d
esig
n
v
alid
atio
n
an
d
p
a
r
am
eter
tu
n
in
g
.
T
h
is
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
at
es
th
at
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
el,
th
o
u
g
h
s
im
p
lifie
d
,
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
ely
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
I
t
al
s
o
r
ea
f
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
e
e
x
ce
p
tio
n
ally
h
ig
h
ef
f
icie
n
cy
(
≈
9
9
%)
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
C
ST
s
im
u
latio
n
s
is
n
o
t
a
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
al
ar
t
if
ac
t
b
u
t
is
th
e
o
r
etic
ally
ju
s
tifie
d
u
n
d
e
r
id
ea
l
r
es
o
n
an
ce
a
n
d
s
tr
o
n
g
co
u
p
lin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Op
timiz
ed
r
eso
n
a
n
t c
a
p
a
cito
r
a
n
d
s
w
itch
in
g
fr
eq
u
en
cy
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
…
(
Wa
n
Mu
h
a
ma
d
Ha
kimi
Wa
n
B
u
n
y
a
min
)
521
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
an
aly
tical
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
an
d
C
ST
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
A
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
mo
d
e
l
C
S
T
s
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
D
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
(
%)
R
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
f
r
)
3
7
.
9
k
H
z
3
8
.
1
k
H
z
0
.
5
3
C
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
(
k
)
0
.
8
7
0
.
8
5
2
.
3
0
P
e
a
k
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
(
m
ax
)
9
8
.
7
%
9
9
.
0
%
0
.
3
0
3
.
4
.
Sig
nifica
nce
o
f
t
heo
re
t
ic
a
l int
eg
ra
t
io
n
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
elin
g
with
C
ST
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
b
r
id
g
es
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
e
n
an
aly
tical
p
r
ed
ictio
n
a
n
d
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
a
s
ed
v
alid
atio
n
.
T
h
e
th
eo
r
eti
ca
l
m
o
d
el
d
ef
i
n
es
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
a
n
d
c
o
u
p
lin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
wh
ile
th
e
C
ST
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
r
e
f
in
es
th
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
th
r
ee
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
f
ield
s
p
ac
e.
T
h
is
two
-
tier
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
at:
i)
a
n
aly
t
ical
m
o
d
els
estab
lis
h
a
v
alid
b
aselin
e
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
r
eso
n
an
ce
;
ii)
s
im
u
latio
n
o
p
t
im
izes
p
ar
am
eter
p
r
ec
is
io
n
b
ey
o
n
d
an
aly
tical
lim
its
;
an
d
iii)
b
o
th
d
o
m
ai
n
s
co
n
v
er
g
e
to
war
d
i
d
en
tical
r
es
o
n
an
ce
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
(
v
er
if
ie
d
in
T
ab
le
2
)
.
Su
c
h
in
teg
r
atio
n
en
h
a
n
ce
s
d
esig
n
co
n
f
id
en
ce
,
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
ilit
y
,
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
a
d
ep
e
n
d
ab
le
b
asis
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
-
ef
f
icie
n
cy
E
-
b
ik
e
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
s
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
o
u
tco
m
es
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
C
ST
-
o
p
tim
ized
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
eir
im
p
licatio
n
s
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
estab
lis
h
ed
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
-
d
o
m
ain
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
m
atch
in
g
,
ef
f
icien
c
y
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t,
an
d
b
e
n
ch
m
ar
k
in
g
ag
ain
s
t r
ec
en
t
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
E
-
b
ik
e
an
d
E
V
wir
eless
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
4
.
1
.
F
re
qu
ency
-
re
s
po
ns
e
a
nd
ef
f
iciency
cha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ics
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
-
ef
f
ic
ien
cy
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
d
is
tin
ct
r
eso
n
an
t
p
ea
k
at
3
8
.
1
k
Hz,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
o
p
tim
ized
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
er
iv
e
d
in
s
ec
t
io
n
2
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
ef
f
icien
cy
r
ea
ch
es
a
m
ax
im
u
m
o
f
≈
9
9
%,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
ex
ce
llen
t
r
eso
n
an
ce
alig
n
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
(
T
x
)
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
r
(
R
x
)
co
ils
.
A
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
s
lig
h
tly
ab
o
v
e
o
r
b
elo
w
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
,
th
e
e
f
f
icien
c
y
r
a
p
id
ly
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
d
u
e
to
r
ea
ctiv
e
m
is
m
atch
an
d
d
etu
n
in
g
ef
f
ec
ts
.
T
h
is
b
e
h
av
io
r
r
ef
lects
th
e
in
h
e
r
en
t
n
a
r
r
o
wb
a
n
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
in
d
u
ctiv
e
co
u
p
lin
g
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
an
aly
tical
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
s
f
r
o
m
(
4
)
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
p
r
ec
is
e
tu
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
(
=
220
nF
,
1
=
162
nF
,
an
d
2
=
200
nF
)
en
ab
les
c
o
m
p
lete
r
ea
ctiv
e
-
p
o
wer
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
,
y
ield
in
g
a
p
u
r
ely
r
esis
tiv
e
im
p
ed
an
ce
at
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
p
o
in
t.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
with
an
aly
tical
m
o
d
elin
g
r
esu
lts
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
a
b
le
2
,
th
e
C
ST
s
im
u
latio
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
m
in
o
r
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
0
.
5
3
%
in
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
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4
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4
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n o
n pra
ct
ica
l im
pli
ca
t
io
ns
T
h
e
an
aly
tical
s
im
u
latio
n
ag
r
e
em
en
t
an
d
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
p
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f
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m
an
ce
m
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d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
p
tim
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n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
ac
h
iev
e
n
ea
r
-
id
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l
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with
o
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t
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en
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tu
n
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s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
r
ed
u
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s
d
esig
n
tim
e
an
d
co
s
t.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
ted
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
:
i)
c
o
m
p
ac
t E
-
b
i
k
e
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
s
tatio
n
s
with
lim
ited
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
m
ag
n
etic
alig
n
m
en
t
;
ii)
l
ow
-
v
o
ltag
e
E
V
o
r
I
o
T
ap
p
licatio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
cy
at
m
o
d
e
r
ate
tr
an
s
f
er
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
;
an
d
iii)
f
u
tu
r
e
d
y
n
am
ic
o
r
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
-
t
o
ler
an
t
W
PT
d
esig
n
s
w
h
er
e
a
d
ap
tiv
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
tu
n
in
g
c
o
u
ld
f
u
r
th
er
s
tab
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p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
W
h
ile
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
wo
r
k
is
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
,
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
etwe
en
th
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r
etica
l
an
d
C
ST
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tco
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r
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s
tr
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n
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ex
p
er
im
en
tal
v
alid
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in
f
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t
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e
p
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ases
.
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eth
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lo
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ca
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b
e
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ten
d
ed
to
m
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lti
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co
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tem
s
,
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le
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lo
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n
ts
,
an
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
ch
a
r
g
in
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p
latf
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m
s
.
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h
is
ad
v
a
n
c
em
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t o
f
ef
f
ici
en
t w
ir
eless
ch
ar
g
in
g
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ted
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
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p
tim
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n
s
tr
ateg
y
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
r
eso
n
an
ce
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
E
-
b
ik
e
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
.
B
y
in
teg
r
ati
n
g
C
ST
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
s
im
u
latio
n
with
cir
cu
it
-
lev
el
r
eso
n
an
ce
tu
n
in
g
,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ad
d
r
ess
ed
k
ey
ch
allen
g
es
s
u
ch
as
r
eso
n
an
c
e
d
etu
n
in
g
,
r
ea
ctiv
e
m
is
m
atch
,
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
d
ef
f
icien
cy
u
n
d
e
r
p
r
ac
tical
co
il
s
ep
ar
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
id
en
tifie
d
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
eso
n
an
t
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ati
n
g
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
s
tr
o
n
g
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
,
an
d
s
tab
le
p
o
wer
tr
a
n
s
f
er
at
a
4
0
-
mm
air
g
ap
.
Ma
th
em
ati
ca
l
m
o
d
ellin
g
was
in
clu
d
e
d
t
o
v
alid
ate
t
h
e
C
ST
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
u
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I
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523
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1
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