I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Appl
ied P
o
wer
E
ng
i
neer
ing
(
I
J
AP
E
)
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
880
~
8
9
3
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijap
e
.
v
1
5
.
i
2
.
pp
880
-
893
880
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//
ija
p
e.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m/
Adv
a
nced strat
eg
y
f
o
r ener
g
y
ma
n
a
g
ement and v
o
lt
a
g
e stability
in micro
g
rid
-
a
r
e
v
iew
Aswa
t
hi Ra
v
ind
ra
n,
B
.
Ru
bi
ni
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
V
ELS
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
C
h
e
n
n
a
i
,
I
n
d
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
l 1
1
,
2
0
2
5
R
ev
is
ed
J
an
3
,
2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
Ma
r
1
2
,
2
0
2
6
M
icro
g
ri
d
s
(
M
G
s)
h
a
v
e
e
m
e
rg
e
d
a
s
tran
sfo
rm
a
ti
v
e
so
l
u
ti
o
n
fo
r
imp
ro
v
i
n
g
e
n
e
rg
y
re
sili
e
n
c
e
,
sta
b
i
li
ty
,
a
n
d
su
sta
in
a
b
il
it
y
in
m
o
d
e
rn
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
s.
By
in
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
n
g
d
istri
b
u
te
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
re
so
u
rc
e
s
(DERs),
re
n
e
wa
b
l
e
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s
(RES
),
a
n
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
sto
ra
g
e
sy
ste
m
s
(ES
S
),
m
icro
g
ri
d
s
c
a
n
su
p
p
l
y
re
li
a
b
le
a
n
d
sta
b
le
p
o
we
r
to
l
o
c
a
l
lo
a
d
s
wh
il
e
a
lso
su
p
p
o
rti
n
g
t
h
e
m
a
in
g
rid
d
u
ri
n
g
d
istu
r
b
a
n
c
e
s.
De
sp
it
e
th
e
i
r
p
o
ten
ti
a
l,
t
h
e
e
fficie
n
t
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
M
G
s
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
h
e
a
v
il
y
o
n
we
ll
-
d
e
si
g
n
e
d
e
n
e
rg
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
sy
ste
m
s
(EM
CS
).
A k
e
y
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
li
e
s
in
a
d
d
re
ss
in
g
i
n
h
e
re
n
t
v
a
riab
i
li
ty
o
f
RES
su
c
h
a
s
so
lar
a
n
d
win
d
,
w
h
ich
in
tr
o
d
u
c
e
s
u
n
c
e
rtain
ty
in
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
a
s
we
ll
a
s
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
a
n
d
u
n
p
re
d
icta
b
le
n
a
tu
r
e
o
f
c
o
n
su
m
e
r
l
o
a
d
s.
T
h
e
se
fa
c
to
rs
m
a
k
e
stro
n
g
,
a
d
a
p
t
iv
e
,
a
n
d
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
e
n
e
rg
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
stra
teg
ies
c
ru
c
ial
fo
r
e
n
su
rin
g
b
o
th
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sta
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
re
li
a
b
le
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
re
se
n
ts
re
v
iew
o
f
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
stra
teg
ies
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
fo
r
e
n
e
rg
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sta
b
il
it
y
in
m
icro
g
rid
s
.
It
e
x
p
lo
r
e
s
sta
te
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
rt
o
p
t
imiz
a
ti
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s,
in
telli
g
e
n
t
c
o
n
tro
l
m
e
th
o
d
s,
a
n
d
e
m
e
rg
in
g
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
fra
m
e
wo
rk
s
th
a
t
a
im
to
b
a
lan
c
e
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
st
o
ra
g
e
,
a
n
d
lo
a
d
d
e
m
a
n
d
e
fficie
n
tl
y
.
Th
e
stu
d
y
c
rit
ica
ll
y
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
s
c
u
rre
n
t
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
,
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
th
e
ir
li
m
it
a
ti
o
n
s,
a
n
d
id
e
n
ti
fies
c
r
u
c
ial
re
se
a
rc
h
g
a
p
s
in
l
it
e
ra
tu
re
.
B
y
sy
n
t
h
e
siz
in
g
re
c
e
n
t
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
ts
,
t
h
e
p
a
p
e
r
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
in
sig
h
ts
i
n
t
o
i
n
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
th
a
t
c
a
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
sy
ste
m
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
,
o
p
ti
m
ize
re
so
u
rc
e
u
ti
li
z
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
e
n
su
re
sta
b
le m
icro
g
ri
d
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
u
n
d
e
r
u
n
c
e
rtain
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
atter
y
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
tem
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
Mic
r
o
g
r
id
Po
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
So
lar
PV
W
in
d
tu
r
b
in
e
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
A
s
w
a
t
h
i
R
a
v
i
n
d
r
a
n
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
VE
L
S I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
Scien
ce
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
C
h
en
n
ai,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail: a
s
wath
ir
1
9
9
0
@
g
m
ail.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
B
u
r
n
in
g
f
o
s
s
il f
u
els p
o
s
es b
o
t
h
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l h
az
ar
d
s
,
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
wer
in
d
u
s
tr
y
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
atin
g
o
n
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
q
u
a
n
tity
o
f
elec
tr
icity
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
(
R
E
Ss
)
.
R
E
S
-
b
ased
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
s
ar
e
g
ai
n
in
g
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
,
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
s
ar
e
b
ein
g
em
p
lo
y
ed
m
o
r
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
in
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
g
e
n
er
atio
n
[
1
]
.
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
is
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
an
d
ab
u
n
d
a
n
t
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
in
n
at
u
r
e.
I
t
is
b
ec
o
m
in
g
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
ly
p
o
p
u
l
ar
s
in
ce
it
is
m
o
r
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
an
d
em
its
les
s
ca
r
b
o
n
th
an
o
th
e
r
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
to
h
a
v
in
g
lo
w
n
eg
ativ
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
ac
t,
th
ese
g
r
ee
n
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
h
elp
s
av
e
en
er
g
y
an
d
less
en
in
d
u
s
tr
y
'
s
r
elian
ce
o
n
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
els
[
2
]
.
A
m
icr
o
g
r
id
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
s
y
s
tem
th
at
m
ak
es
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
g
iv
e
r
em
o
te
co
m
m
u
n
ities
ac
ce
s
s
to
elec
tr
icity
.
T
h
ese
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
o
r
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
ea
t
an
d
p
o
wer
to
a
d
esig
n
ated
ar
ea
u
s
in
g
a
g
e
n
er
ato
r
l
o
ad
[
3
]
.
On
e
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atin
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
(
R
E
R
)
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
g
r
id
s
is
to
u
s
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
(
MG
s
)
,
wh
ich
ar
e
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
lo
a
d
s
,
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
g
en
er
atio
n
(
DG
)
u
n
its
,
an
d
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
s
(
E
SS
)
[
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
A
d
va
n
ce
d
s
tr
a
teg
y
fo
r
en
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t
a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ta
b
i
lity in
micro
g
r
id
-
a
r
ev
iew
(
A
s
w
a
th
i R
a
vin
d
r
a
n
)
881
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
h
a
s
s
h
o
wn
a
s
tr
o
n
g
in
ter
est
i
n
MG
s
y
s
tem
s
d
u
e
to
th
ei
r
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ad
v
an
tag
es,
wh
ich
in
cl
u
d
e
en
h
an
ce
d
ef
f
icien
cy
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
,
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
s
ec
u
r
ity
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
b
e
n
e
f
its
[
5
]
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
g
en
er
atio
n
(
DG)
o
r
lo
ca
l
R
E
S
m
ig
h
t
h
elp
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l
g
r
id
b
y
b
o
o
s
tin
g
o
u
t
p
u
t,
in
clu
d
in
g
g
e
n
er
ated
h
ea
t,
wh
ile
m
in
im
izin
g
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lo
s
s
es
[
6
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tr
o
l
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
E
SS
s
ar
e
ess
en
tial
to
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
an
d
up
-
to
-
d
ate
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
e
lit
er
atu
r
e
o
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
E
SS
s
,
as
well
as
th
eir
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
lead
er
s
h
ip
a
n
d
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
o
f
th
is
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
am
in
at
io
n
is
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
[
8
]
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
in
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies,
c
o
n
cu
r
r
en
t
p
o
wer
s
h
ar
i
n
g
is
d
is
r
eg
ar
d
ed
an
d
o
n
ly
v
o
ltag
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
is
tak
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
it
’
s
cr
itical
th
at
m
u
ltip
le
d
i
s
p
er
s
ed
g
en
er
ato
r
s
an
d
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
s
s
h
ar
e
p
o
wer
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iately
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices
(
E
SDs
)
h
av
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
en
e
r
g
y
a
n
d
p
o
wer
d
en
s
ities
[
9
]
.
Usi
n
g
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
(
ML
)
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
s
to
p
r
e
d
ict
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
(
DE
R
s
)
ca
n
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
o
f
MG
s
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
d
e
p
en
d
a
b
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Un
lik
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
wa
y
s
,
th
is
ca
n
b
e
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
lik
e
as
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices
t
o
co
m
p
en
s
ate
f
o
r
ch
an
g
es in
DE
R
o
u
tp
u
t,
as we
ll a
s
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
[
1
0
]
.
A
s
u
b
s
et
o
f
a
b
r
an
c
h
o
f
a
r
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
ca
lled
DR
L
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
well
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
its
ab
ilit
y
to
s
o
lv
e
d
if
f
icu
lt c
o
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
f
ield
s
[
1
1
]
.
DR
L
co
m
b
in
es th
e
id
ea
s
o
f
R
L
with
d
ee
p
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
DNN
s
)
to
en
ab
le
R
L
ag
en
ts
to
lear
n
th
e
b
est
co
u
r
s
e
o
f
a
ctio
n
b
y
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
th
eir
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
s
[
1
2
]
.
C
h
en
et
a
l
.
[
1
3
]
h
av
e
p
r
esen
t
ed
a
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
a
d
o
u
b
le
d
ee
p
Q
-
n
etwo
r
k
(
DDQN
)
an
d
ass
ess
i
n
g
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
o
p
tio
n
s
th
at
b
a
lan
ce
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
co
s
ts
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
.
Z
ar
m
a
et
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
s
u
g
g
ested
em
p
lo
y
in
g
o
p
tim
al
m
ac
h
in
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
to
cr
ea
te
en
er
g
y
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
h
y
b
r
i
d
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Sah
o
o
et
a
l
.
[
1
5
]
c
r
ea
ted
a
s
ca
led
co
n
ju
g
ate
-
b
ased
ar
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
SC
-
ANN)
in
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
ar
ch
it
ec
tu
r
e
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
PQ
in
d
ices
o
f
f
u
el
ce
ll,
PV,
DVR,
as we
ll a
s
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
(
b
atter
y
)
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
clar
if
y
b
asic
co
n
ce
p
t
s
r
elev
an
t
to
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
ev
iew.
Usi
n
g
s
cien
tific
in
d
ex
in
g
,
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
jo
u
r
n
al
a
r
ticles
f
r
o
m
d
atab
ases
lik
e
I
E
E
E
,
E
ls
ev
ier
,
an
d
Sp
r
in
g
er
wer
e
s
ea
r
ch
ed
u
s
in
g
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
.
An
8
5
to
9
0
p
ap
e
r
s
r
esear
ch
ar
ti
cles
f
r
o
m
r
en
o
w
n
ed
jo
u
r
n
als
lik
e
E
ls
ev
ier
,
I
E
E
E
,
an
d
Sp
r
in
g
e
r
.
A
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
f
r
e
ce
n
t
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
en
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
2
1
an
d
2
0
2
5
is
also
ex
am
in
ed
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
ty
p
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
f
u
lly
ev
alu
ated
.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
r
esen
ts
ex
ten
s
iv
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
en
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t,
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
ch
allen
g
es
in
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
s
.
Mo
tiv
ated
b
y
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
,
th
e
m
ain
aim
o
f
th
e
wo
r
k
is
to
e
n
h
an
ce
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
a
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
-
b
ased
g
r
i
d
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
tem
wh
ile
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
e
x
tr
a
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
PV
ar
r
ay
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
(
MPPT)
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
y
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
in
k
in
g
o
f
estab
lis
h
in
g
p
u
f
f
er
f
is
h
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
-
b
ased
q
u
an
tu
m
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
PF
-
QNN)
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
to
m
itig
ate
v
o
lt
ag
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
a
n
d
s
u
d
d
en
lo
a
d
v
ar
iatio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
in
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
v
er
ter
,
an
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
co
ati
-
o
p
tim
ized
ad
ap
tiv
e
n
e
u
r
o
-
f
u
z
zy
in
f
er
en
ce
s
y
s
tem
(
ANFI
S)
co
n
tr
o
ller
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
.
No
w
we
will
d
is
cu
s
s
ab
o
u
t
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
s
tr
ateg
ies
in
m
icr
o
g
r
id
e
n
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
allo
ws
f
o
r
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
lik
e
s
to
r
in
g
ex
ce
s
s
p
o
wer
in
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
e
v
ices
in
th
e
e
v
en
t
t
h
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
p
o
wer
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
ar
e
less
th
an
th
e
p
o
wer
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
R
E
S.
I
f
th
e
p
o
wer
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
ex
ce
e
d
s
th
e
p
o
wer
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
b
y
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
d
ev
ices
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
teg
r
ate
an
d
r
eg
u
late
en
er
g
y
f
lo
w
ac
r
o
s
s
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
u
n
its
to
en
s
u
r
e
d
ep
en
d
ab
le,
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
d
em
a
n
d
-
s
u
p
p
ly
b
alan
ce
[
1
7
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
am
f
o
r
MG
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t [
1
8
]
.
2
.
1
.
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
en
e
r
g
y
in
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
An
ess
en
tial
in
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
c
o
n
n
ec
tin
g
R
E
S,
u
tili
ty
g
r
i
d
,
en
d
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
,
an
d
ev
en
th
e
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
co
n
v
er
ter
s
task
s
in
clu
d
e
s
u
p
p
ly
in
g
en
e
r
g
y
to
lo
ca
l
cu
s
to
m
er
s
an
d
/o
r
tr
an
s
f
er
r
i
n
g
v
ar
iab
le
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
with
a
f
ix
e
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
an
d
co
n
s
tan
t
v
o
lta
g
e
am
p
litu
d
e
in
to
t
h
e
u
tili
ty
g
r
i
d
.
As a
r
esu
lt,
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
f
ac
e
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
in
tr
icate
n
ee
d
s
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
aim
s
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
b
atter
ies
an
d
R
E
S
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
s
o
lar
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
in
teg
r
atio
n
an
d
win
d
p
o
wer
e
d
m
icr
o
g
r
id
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
p
lay
s
a
m
ajo
r
r
o
le.
B
ec
au
s
e
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
is
in
ter
m
itten
t,
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
en
e
r
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
s
to
r
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
o
wer
in
h
ig
h
-
d
e
m
an
d
p
er
io
d
s
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
it d
u
r
in
g
less
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
tim
es
[
2
1
]
.
R
E
S
lik
e
h
y
d
r
o
,
g
eo
th
e
r
m
al,
s
o
lar
,
win
d
,
as
well
as
b
io
m
ass
,
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
t
E
MS
[
2
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
ig
n
if
ies
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
s
y
s
tem
an
d
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
R
E
S
[
2
3
]
.
T
a
b
le
1
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
r
elate
d
wo
r
k
s
b
a
s
ed
o
n
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
880
-
893
882
Fig
u
r
e
1.
B
l
o
c
k
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
f
o
r
MG
e
n
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Stru
ctu
r
e
o
f
p
o
wer
e
lectr
o
n
ics s
y
s
tem
an
d
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
R
E
S
T
ab
le
1
.
R
elate
d
wo
r
k
s
b
ased
o
n
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
in
teg
r
atio
n
A
u
t
h
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ab
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an
d
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o
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m
an
ce
.
Saleem
et
a
l
.
[
4
8
]
cr
ea
ted
a
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o
v
el
E
MS
f
o
r
g
r
i
d
-
co
n
n
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MG
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p
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t BESS d
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lies
.
E
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l
.
[
4
9
]
s
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ested
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v
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co
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o
l
-
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late
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Z
h
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g
et
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l
.
[
5
0
]
p
r
o
p
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s
ed
ex
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lo
itin
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laten
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8
7
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2
A
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ma
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a
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.
[
4
7
]
-
-
W
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d
i
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e
g
r
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t
e
d
sy
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b
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l
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m
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a
l
.
[
4
8
]
F
i
n
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h
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r
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z
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n
M
P
C
M
a
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Emr
a
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R
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h
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l
.
[
4
9
]
-
M
a
n
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g
e
s
o
v
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r
/
u
n
d
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r
v
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El
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l
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o
s
t
Zh
a
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g
e
t
a
l
.
[
5
0
]
LSTM
S
h
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t
-
t
e
r
m
v
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l
t
a
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e
s
t
a
b
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3
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b
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3.
D
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R
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D
AND
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RA
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RC
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I
t
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at
w
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ex
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c
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p
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f
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T
h
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e
f
f
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o
f
a
co
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tr
o
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s
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s
tem
d
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lin
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as
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am
o
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o
f
d
ata
(
s
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)
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d
o
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r
s
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is
es.
C
o
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s
eq
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tly
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u
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ly
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h
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Ho
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As
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will
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it
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d
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tr
alize
d
co
n
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te
ch
n
iq
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es
[
5
1
]
.
T
a
b
le
7
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
r
elate
d
wo
r
k
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ased
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tr
alize
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an
d
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tr
alize
d
in
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r
ated
co
n
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o
l
[
5
2
]
-
[
5
6
]
.
C
en
tr
alize
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
d
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n
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alize
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ted
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r
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ar
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clea
r
ly
r
ep
r
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t
ed
in
[
5
7
]
.
3
.
1
.
O
pti
m
iza
t
io
n
a
nd
co
ntr
o
l
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e
c
h
n
iq
u
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M
a
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t
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f
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r
s
t
s
tep
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f
t
h
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p
r
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s
.
T
h
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E
MS
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b
jectiv
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f
u
n
ctio
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n
d
ef
in
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,
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o
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g
with
th
en
lim
itatio
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s
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l
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v
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s
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
co
m
p
letes
th
is
s
tag
e
[
5
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
ill
u
s
tr
ates
th
e
c
lass
if
icatio
n
o
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en
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ain
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s
[
2
4
]
.
-
Fu
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g
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b
ased
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Me
tah
eu
r
is
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b
ased
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ased
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ased
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F
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g
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r
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3
.
C
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s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
2
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2
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R
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ased
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[
5
2
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[
5
3
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TLA
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S
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mu
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al
.
[
5
4
]
M
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l
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-
a
g
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t
sy
st
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m f
o
r
EV
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b
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d
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.
[
5
5
]
D
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ESS
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.
[
5
6
]
D
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r
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[
5
9
]
h
av
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s
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g
g
ested
n
u
m
er
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s
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en
ef
icial
p
lan
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[
6
0
]
h
a
v
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g
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s
t
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d
to
m
ax
im
ize
th
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p
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.
[
6
1
]
h
a
v
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p
r
esen
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th
e
HE
SS
p
r
im
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co
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tr
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Kar
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.
[
6
2
]
h
av
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g
ested
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ar
tific
ial
b
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co
lo
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(
AB
C
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alg
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p
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to
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icles
(
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Vs).
T
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tech
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iq
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3.
2
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Vo
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tab
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ap
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lik
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B
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v
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lim
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icr
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ctio
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d
m
an
ag
em
en
t
[
6
3
]
.
Mic
r
o
g
r
i
d
’
s
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
is
s
u
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m
b
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ca
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T
h
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P~V
as
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Q~V
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p
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tili
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T
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in
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to
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t
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r
eq
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is
ite
v
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ltag
e
[
3
3
]
.
Stan
ch
ev
et
a
l
.
[
6
4
]
r
e
p
o
r
ted
t
h
e
v
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ltag
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s
tab
ilit
y
in
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T
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co
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Simu
latio
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s
tu
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p
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f
o
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in
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
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E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
A
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n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ta
b
i
lity in
micro
g
r
id
-
a
r
ev
iew
(
A
s
w
a
th
i R
a
vin
d
r
a
n
)
887
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
g
r
id
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
wh
ile
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
s
o
lar
p
lan
ts
to
a
f
ix
ed
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
.
An
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
id
ea
l
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
e
is
co
n
d
u
cted
,
alo
n
g
with
c
o
m
m
e
n
tar
y
o
n
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
.
I
q
b
al
et
a
l
.
[
6
5
]
h
av
e
s
u
g
g
ested
t
o
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
r
e
d
u
ce
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
an
d
s
well
in
g
r
i
d
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
tech
n
i
q
u
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
E
SR
F
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
m
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
E
DVR’s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
.
3
.
3
.
O
ptim
iza
t
io
n
t
e
c
h
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
c
h
ed
ul
in
g
a
n
d
di
s
p
a
t
ch
Op
tim
izatio
n
is
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
id
en
tify
i
n
g
th
e
b
est
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
ty
p
es
o
f
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
o
p
t
im
al
p
o
wer
d
is
p
atch
as
r
ep
r
es
en
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
n
v
ex
o
p
t
im
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ar
e
s
o
lv
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
wh
e
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ea
s
n
o
n
-
co
n
v
ex
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
E
L
D
is
s
u
es
a
r
e
s
o
lv
ed
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s
in
g
th
e
n
o
n
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
h
y
b
r
i
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
s
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
ea
ch
n
o
n
-
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
wh
en
s
o
lv
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
co
n
tain
in
g
m
o
r
e
th
an
two
o
f
th
em
[
6
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Op
tim
izatio
n
ty
p
es
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Ab
ttan
et
a
l
.
[
6
7
]
,
b
o
t
h
eq
u
al
an
d
u
n
e
q
u
al
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
et
at
th
e
lo
west
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
s
t
o
f
f
u
el
an
d
ca
r
b
o
n
p
o
llu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
B
A
an
d
AL
OA
ar
e
two
n
ew
m
etah
eu
r
is
tic
tech
n
iq
u
es
th
at
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Sh
ar
m
a
et
a
l
.
[
6
8
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
o
d
if
ied
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
i
za
tio
n
(
PS
O)
-
b
ased
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
v
ir
tu
al
p
o
wer
p
lan
t (
VPP)
s
ch
ed
u
le
in
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
ac
tiv
itie
s
in
clu
d
in
g
p
ea
k
s
h
a
v
in
g
,
en
er
g
y
co
s
t
elim
in
atio
n
,
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t.
T
h
e
s
tate
elec
tr
ical
u
tili
ty
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
a
9
0
-
b
u
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
f
ee
d
e
r
with
g
r
id
-
in
teg
r
ated
PVs
as
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
ass
ess
th
e
v
iab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
VPP.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
L
iu
et
a
l
.
[
6
9
]
,
t
h
e
in
itial
s
tep
is
d
ay
-
a
h
ea
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
is
p
atch
,
with
th
e
u
lti
m
ate
g
o
al
o
f
s
y
s
tem
p
o
wer
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ay
ah
ea
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
is
p
atch
in
g
m
o
d
el'
s
o
p
tim
izatio
n
g
o
als
ar
e
to
r
ed
u
ce
ca
r
b
o
n
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
wh
ile
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
b
en
ef
its
.
T
h
e
im
m
ed
iat
e
o
p
tim
al
p
lan
n
in
g
co
n
ce
p
t
is
s
o
lv
ed
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
YAL
MI
P
to
o
lk
it,
wh
ile
t
h
e
f
ir
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t
s
tag
e
d
ay
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ce
o
p
tim
al
p
lan
n
in
g
is
ad
d
r
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
n
on
-
d
o
m
in
ated
s
o
r
tin
g
g
en
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
-
1
1
(
NSGA
-
1
1
)
.
Pra
m
il
a
et
a
l
.
[
7
0
]
h
av
e
s
u
g
g
ested
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
s
ts
f
o
r
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
lier
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
esti
g
ates
MG
s
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
t
h
e
n
ewe
s
t
lo
a
d
s
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
.
T
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
em
p
l
o
y
s
s
o
p
h
is
ticat
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
u
ch
as SMO
,
th
e
f
ir
ef
ly
m
eth
o
d
,
a
s
well
a
s
a
h
y
b
r
id
tech
n
iq
u
e
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
th
e
two
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
o
cial
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
s
p
id
er
m
o
n
k
ey
s
,
SMO
s
tr
ik
es
a
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
ex
p
lo
it
atio
n
an
d
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
in
o
r
d
er
to
g
et
th
e
b
est
o
u
tco
m
es.
R
aju
et
a
l
.
[
7
1
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
th
r
ee
-
lev
el
s
to
ch
asti
c
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
g
r
i
d
-
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
m
icr
o
g
r
id
ef
f
icien
cy
in
ter
m
s
o
f
lo
a
d
c
ap
ab
ilit
y
,
r
eliab
le
v
o
ltag
e,
an
d
o
p
tim
u
m
p
la
n
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
n
e
wly
cr
ea
ted
Har
r
is
H
awk
o
p
tim
izer
,
in
s
p
ir
ed
b
y
n
atu
r
e
,
h
as
b
ee
n
in
clu
d
ed
i
n
to
lev
el
th
r
ee
to
s
av
e
ex
p
e
n
s
es
an
d
e
n
h
an
ce
m
icr
o
g
r
id
lo
a
d
ca
p
ac
ity
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
J
asim
et
a
l
.
[
7
2
]
,
th
e
MG
s
'
f
in
an
cial
an
d
ec
o
lo
g
ical
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
k
ey
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
o
p
tim
al
DSM
-
b
ased
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
lan
.
T
o
o
p
tim
ize
MG
ef
f
icien
c
y
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
R
E
E
s
with
r
an
d
o
m
ized
n
atu
r
al
b
eh
av
i
o
r
,
b
o
th
s
in
g
le
o
b
jectiv
e
PS
O
(
SOPS
O)
an
d
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
PS
O
(
MO
PS
O)
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
an
d
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
ity
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
p
r
o
b
lem
led
to
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
a
PS
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
3
.
4
.
I
nte
g
ra
t
io
n o
f
re
newa
bl
e
ener
g
y
s
o
urce
s
a
nd
s
t
o
ra
g
e
R
ash
id
[
7
3
]
s
u
g
g
ested
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
r
en
ewa
b
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
d
e
p
en
d
a
b
ilit
y
,
p
r
ed
ictab
ilit
y
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
,
m
o
d
er
n
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
s
tr
ateg
ically
in
teg
r
ated
with
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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d
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en
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le
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er
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y
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tili
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tio
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A
r
em
ar
k
ab
l
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tab
ilit
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r
ate
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f
2
3
.
6
%
is
at
tain
ed
b
y
ca
r
ef
u
lly
ap
p
ly
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L
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ap
u
n
o
v
f
u
n
cti
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as
well
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th
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r
ec
ip
r
o
ca
lly
co
n
v
ex
tech
n
iq
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in
th
e
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tab
ilit
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aly
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is
,
wh
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co
n
ce
n
tr
ates
o
n
in
p
u
t
-
to
-
s
tate
s
tab
ilit
y
.
E
lk
h
id
ir
et
a
l
.
[
7
4
]
h
av
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
g
r
id
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
s
,
an
ef
f
icien
t
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
p
r
ev
e
n
t
in
g
p
o
wer
o
u
tag
es
b
y
m
a
n
ag
in
g
th
e
p
o
wer
n
etwo
r
k
’
s
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
is
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
.
A
r
en
ewa
b
le
in
teg
r
ated
b
u
s
s
y
s
tem
is
u
s
ed
in
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
r
s
m
all
s
ig
n
al
s
ta
b
ilit
y
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
with
o
p
tim
al
s
ize
an
d
E
SS
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
lo
wer
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
wer
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
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n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
3
.
5
.
De
m
a
nd
-
s
ide m
a
na
g
e
ment
s
t
ra
t
eg
ies
Utilit
y
o
p
er
ato
r
s
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
an
in
cr
ea
s
ed
in
ter
est
in
th
e
D
SM
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
in
th
eir
m
u
ltip
le
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
r
ed
u
ce
n
et
en
er
g
y
u
s
ag
e
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
m
eter
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
at
th
e
en
d
u
s
er
lev
el.
W
h
en
D
SM
-
b
ased
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
en
ter
th
e
p
o
wer
m
ar
k
ets,
th
e
f
ir
m
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
f
it
ab
le
an
d
ef
f
icien
t.
T
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
g
o
al
o
f
lo
ad
m
an
ag
em
en
t
is
to
r
ed
u
ce
p
ea
k
d
em
an
d
a
n
d
m
an
ag
e
s
p
o
t
p
r
i
cin
g
v
o
latilit
y
[
7
5
]
.
Po
wer
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
to
s
atis
f
y
en
er
g
y
d
e
m
an
d
,
th
e
m
ic
r
o
g
r
i
d
alter
s
th
e
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
its
lo
ca
l
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
s
u
ch
as
g
en
er
ato
r
s
an
d
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices,
u
s
in
g
lo
ad
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
I
t
also
d
r
a
ws
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ain
g
r
id
[
7
6
]
.
Dem
an
d
s
id
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
is
th
e
p
lan
n
i
n
g
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
a
n
d
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
u
ti
lity
ac
tiv
ities
with
th
e
g
o
al
o
f
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
co
n
s
u
m
er
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
n
way
s
th
at
wo
u
ld
r
esu
lt
in
th
e
d
e
s
ir
ed
ch
an
g
es
to
th
e
lo
ad
s
h
ap
e
[
7
7
]
.
DSM
h
as
f
o
u
r
m
ain
s
tr
ateg
ies:
D
R
,
s
p
in
n
in
g
r
eser
v
e,
T
o
U,
an
d
E
E
.
L
o
ad
s
h
if
tin
g
is
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
u
s
in
g
f
illi
n
g
a
n
d
clip
p
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
to
tr
a
n
s
f
er
th
e
d
em
an
d
s
f
o
r
lo
a
d
s
f
r
o
m
p
ea
k
to
o
f
f
-
p
ea
k
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
es st
o
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices a
n
d
th
e
T
o
U
with
a
f
ix
ed
lev
el
o
f
o
v
er
all
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
[
7
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
m
ax
im
ize
d
p
r
o
f
it
h
as
d
r
iv
en
r
esear
ch
in
to
DSM
s
tu
d
y
th
em
es.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
d
escr
ib
es th
e
d
r
iv
in
g
ca
u
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
i
n
ter
est in
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
DSM
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
:
-
B
alan
ce
en
er
g
y
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
m
ee
t d
em
an
d
w
ith
o
u
t a
d
d
i
n
g
n
ew
s
o
u
r
ce
s
to
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
.
-
Pro
v
id
e
an
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
lo
ad
m
an
ag
em
en
t
m
ar
k
et
wh
er
e
cu
s
to
m
er
s
ac
tiv
ely
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
r
ed
u
cin
g
en
e
r
g
y
ex
p
en
d
itu
r
es [
7
9
]
.
Mb
u
n
g
u
et
a
l
.
[
8
0
]
s
u
g
g
ested
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
lo
ad
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
f
in
an
cial
lo
ad
s
h
if
tin
g
is
s
u
e.
T
h
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
e
is
b
u
ilt
o
n
t
h
e
D
G
s
y
s
tem
an
d
a
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
MG
,
as
well
as
two
b
io
m
ass
g
en
er
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
a
n
E
SS
,
an
d
R
E
R
(
win
d
an
d
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic)
.
Du
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
lo
a
d
s
h
ed
d
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
b
est
co
n
tr
o
l
p
lan
h
as
b
ee
n
im
p
lem
en
ted
t
o
m
in
i
m
ize
th
e
DG’
s
o
p
er
atin
g
co
s
ts
,
m
ax
im
i
ze
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
R
E
R
s
,
an
d
u
ltima
tely
b
o
o
s
t
th
e
MG
’
s
p
r
o
f
it.
T
h
e
u
n
d
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
lo
a
d
s
h
ed
d
in
g
(
UL
FS
)
s
ch
em
e
is
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
MG
-
b
ased
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
.
Ala
m
et
a
l
.
[
8
1
]
h
av
e
p
r
esen
ted
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
e
DC
m
icr
o
g
r
id
co
n
tr
o
l p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
b
atter
y
o
n
ly
m
ee
ts
th
e
n
o
m
in
al
p
o
we
r
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
DG
p
o
wer
co
n
tr
o
l a
lg
o
r
ith
m
e
n
s
u
r
es th
at
th
e
b
atter
y
So
C
r
em
ain
s
with
in
lo
wer
an
d
h
ig
h
e
r
lim
itatio
n
s
.
R
az
m
i
an
d
L
u
[
8
2
]
h
a
v
e
p
r
e
s
en
ted
th
e
DG
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
MG
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
d
if
f
i
cu
lties
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies
o
f
p
o
wer
s
h
ar
in
g
an
d
h
ier
ar
c
h
ical
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
es.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
f
r
o
m
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
an
d
s
im
p
le
MPC
b
ased
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
ex
am
in
ed
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
m
o
d
er
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
lev
els
an
d
p
o
wer
s
h
ar
in
g
s
ch
em
es.
T
h
e
p
o
te
n
tial
o
f
MPC
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
m
an
ag
e
in
v
er
ter
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
g
r
id
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
th
at
co
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
.
Dey
et
a
l
.
[
8
3
]
cr
ea
ted
a
d
e
m
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
(
DR
)
s
tr
ateg
y
th
at
m
ax
im
izes
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
r
etailer
s
;
in
th
is
ca
s
e,
m
icr
o
g
r
id
cu
s
to
m
er
s
a
r
e
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
g
o
al.
DR
m
o
d
els
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t th
e
d
is
tin
ct
b
eh
av
io
r
s
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
d
u
r
in
g
b
o
t
h
p
ea
k
a
n
d
v
alley
p
h
ases
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
eir
u
tili
ty
a
n
d
elasticity
.
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
a
n
ew
in
tellig
en
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
p
u
t
i
n
to
p
lace
to
r
ed
u
ce
a
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
o
v
er
all
co
s
t.
R
am
ad
an
et
a
l
.
[
8
4
]
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
an
en
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
a
h
o
m
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
t
h
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
a
PV
p
lan
t
an
d
b
atter
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice.
T
o
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
'
s
in
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
,
d
e
v
elo
p
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
lo
ad
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
.
PS
O
with
ANN
h
elp
s
to
p
ick
ap
p
lian
ce
s
f
o
r
DSM
lo
ad
d
is
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
.
PS
O
is
u
s
ed
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
AN
N
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
at
is
u
s
ed
in
th
e
lo
ad
d
etec
tio
n
task
.
Ku
m
ar
et
a
l
.
[
8
5
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
tr
i
-
lev
el
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
o
f
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
an
d
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
es
an
d
b
o
o
s
t
lo
ad
ca
p
ac
ity
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
's
v
o
ltag
e
p
r
o
f
ile
v
ar
ies
with
lo
ad
in
g
lev
el,
th
e
f
lex
ib
le
lo
a
d
s
s
h
ap
in
g
-
b
ased
DSM
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
its
ef
f
ec
t o
n
m
icr
o
g
r
id
lo
ad
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
Su
n
et
a
l
.
[
8
6
]
h
a
v
e
p
r
esen
ted
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
o
n
p
ar
ticl
e
s
war
m
s
is
s
u
g
g
ested
f
o
r
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Sig
n
if
ica
n
t
co
s
t
s
av
in
g
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
b
y
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
m
o
d
el
in
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
i
n
v
en
tiv
en
ess
an
d
v
iab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
co
m
b
in
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
id
an
d
d
em
a
n
d
s
id
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
in
lo
ad
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
lo
wer
s
p
ea
k
lo
a
d
.
Mo
az
ze
n
an
d
Ho
s
s
ain
[
8
7
]
s
tated
th
at
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
lay
e
r
em
p
lo
y
s
a
c
o
o
p
e
r
ativ
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
'
s
o
v
er
all
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
,
wh
er
e
as
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
g
e
n
er
ates
th
e
o
p
tim
al
d
ay
-
ah
ea
d
o
p
er
atio
n
r
u
les.
A
m
ix
ed
in
te
g
er
q
u
ad
r
atic
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
(
MI
QP)
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
lin
ea
r
ter
m
s
in
th
e
is
s
u
e'
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
p
r
o
v
id
es a
p
r
ec
is
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t p
r
o
b
lem
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
A
d
va
n
ce
d
s
tr
a
teg
y
fo
r
en
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t
a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ta
b
i
lity in
micro
g
r
id
-
a
r
ev
iew
(
A
s
w
a
th
i R
a
vin
d
r
a
n
)
889
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
PI
an
d
PID
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
wid
ely
u
s
ed
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
r
e
g
u
latio
n
an
d
in
v
e
r
ter
co
n
tr
o
l
in
PV
-
b
ased
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
s
d
u
e
to
th
eir
s
im
p
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
ea
s
e
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
r
ep
o
r
ted
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
in
d
icate
th
at
th
ese
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
f
ix
e
d
g
ain
s
ettin
g
s
an
d
lim
ited
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
lead
in
g
to
p
o
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
n
d
e
r
d
y
n
am
i
c
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
s
u
d
d
e
n
lo
a
d
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
As
a
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
,
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lat
io
n
is
o
n
ly
m
o
d
er
ate,
a
n
d
t
h
e
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD)
lev
els
ar
e
ty
p
ically
h
ig
h
,
o
f
ten
ex
ce
ed
i
n
g
3
–
5
%.
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
y
s
tem
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
u
le
-
b
ased
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
.
W
h
ile
th
ese
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
etter
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
an
d
m
o
d
er
ate
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
i
n
T
HD
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
PI/PI
D
co
n
t
r
o
ller
s
,
th
e
ir
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
is
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
t
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
p
r
ed
ef
in
e
d
r
u
le
b
a
s
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
lear
n
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
lim
its
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
t
o
a
d
ap
t
t
o
ch
an
g
in
g
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
T
HD
v
al
u
es
g
en
er
ally
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
–
4
%.
ANN
-
b
ased
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
er
s
f
u
r
th
er
en
h
a
n
ce
co
n
tr
o
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
le
ar
n
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
ANN
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
s
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
ate
im
p
r
o
v
ed
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
an
d
MPPT
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
;
h
o
wev
er
,
th
ey
o
f
te
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
lo
w
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
an
d
a
r
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
l
o
ca
l
m
in
im
a
d
u
r
in
g
tr
ain
in
g
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
r
et
r
ain
in
g
is
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
r
eq
u
ir
ed
w
h
en
s
y
s
t
em
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ch
an
g
e,
lead
in
g
to
T
HD
v
al
u
es
ty
p
ically
r
an
g
in
g
b
etwe
en
1
.
5
%
an
d
3
%.
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
c
o
m
b
in
e
th
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
b
etter
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
m
ap
p
in
g
an
d
ad
ap
ti
v
e
co
n
tr
o
l
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
.
Stu
d
ies
em
p
lo
y
in
g
ANFI
S
o
p
tim
ized
u
s
in
g
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
c
h
as
g
en
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
(
GA)
o
r
PS
O
r
e
p
o
r
t
im
p
r
o
v
ed
v
o
ltag
e
r
e
g
u
l
atio
n
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
g
en
e
r
ally
ac
h
iev
in
g
T
HD
lev
els
a
r
o
u
n
d
1
–
2
%.
Nev
er
t
h
eless
,
th
ese
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
o
f
ten
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
p
r
em
atu
r
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
a
n
d
in
ef
f
icien
t
ex
p
l
o
r
atio
n
,
wh
ich
lim
its
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
.
R
ec
en
t
r
esear
ch
h
as
also
ex
p
lo
r
ed
DR
L
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies,
m
ain
ly
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
en
e
r
g
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
an
d
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
lev
el.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
im
p
r
o
v
ed
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
ef
f
icie
n
cy
,
t
h
ey
a
r
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
in
ten
s
iv
e
an
d
ar
e
n
o
t
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
in
v
er
te
r
co
n
tr
o
l
o
r
d
ir
ec
t h
ar
m
o
n
ic
m
i
tig
atio
n
,
leav
i
n
g
p
o
wer
q
u
alit
y
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
as
a
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
in
teg
r
ates
a
p
u
f
f
er
f
is
h
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
PF
OA)
–
b
ased
q
u
an
tu
m
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
f
o
r
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
an
d
a
co
ati
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
C
OA)
–
o
p
tim
ized
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
in
v
er
te
r
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
is
co
o
r
d
in
ated
o
p
tim
izatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
es
f
ast
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
,
r
o
b
u
s
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
u
n
d
er
d
y
n
am
ic
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
i
r
m
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
th
o
d
ac
h
iev
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
lo
wer
T
HD
v
alu
es
o
f
0
.
5
2
%
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
0
.
7
0
%
f
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t,
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al,
in
tellig
en
t
,
an
d
DR
L
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
th
e
li
ter
atu
r
e.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
v
alid
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
a
d
v
an
c
ed
n
atu
r
e
-
in
s
p
ir
e
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
co
m
b
in
ed
with
a
d
ap
tiv
e
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
in
en
h
an
cin
g
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
,
s
y
s
t
em
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
g
r
id
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
in
PV
-
b
ase
d
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
r
ep
o
r
t
p
r
esen
ts
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
tar
g
eted
at
en
h
an
cin
g
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
in
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
o
f
a
d
v
an
ce
d
,
ad
a
p
tiv
e,
an
d
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
h
as
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
R
E
S,
E
SS
,
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
lo
ad
s
s
u
ch
as
E
Vs.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
ex
am
in
ed
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
lex
b
etwe
en
p
o
wer
f
l
o
w,
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
l
atio
n
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
f
r
o
m
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
d
r
o
o
p
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
s
to
m
o
d
er
n
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
es.
DR
L
,
lin
ea
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
m
ix
e
d
in
teg
e
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
ar
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
th
at
co
n
s
id
er
ab
l
y
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
em
a
n
d
s
id
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
b
o
th
is
lan
d
ed
a
n
d
g
r
id
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
o
p
e
r
atin
g
m
o
d
es,
as
well
as
en
er
g
y
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
an
d
r
ea
c
tiv
e
p
o
wer
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
n
e
ed
f
o
r
r
o
b
u
s
t
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
am
o
n
g
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
h
ig
h
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
y
,
th
e
in
t
eg
r
atio
n
o
f
m
u
lti
-
ag
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
s
with
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
u
n
if
ied
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
co
m
b
in
e
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
ec
lar
e
th
at
n
o
f
u
n
d
s
,
g
r
an
ts
,
o
r
o
th
e
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
wer
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
o
f
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT
)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
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