I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Appl
ied P
o
wer
E
ng
i
neer
ing
(
I
J
AP
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)
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
449
~
4
6
3
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
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,
DOI
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.
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.
v
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5
.
i
2
.
pp
449
-
463
449
J
o
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na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//
ija
p
e.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m/
Tra
nsient stabili
t
y
ana
ly
sis
of a new propo
sed hy
bri
d P
V
-
WT
G
micro
g
rid f
o
r
T
in
g
hir power dis
tri
bution
H
icha
m
Stit
o
u,
M
o
ha
m
ed
A
m
ine A
t
illa
h,
Abdelg
ha
ni B
o
ud
a
o
ud
,
M
o
un
a
im
Aqil
En
g
i
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a
n
d
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p
p
l
i
e
d
P
h
y
s
i
c
s
Te
a
m
(
EA
P
T)
,
S
u
p
e
r
i
o
r
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
S
u
l
t
a
n
M
o
u
l
a
y
S
l
i
ma
n
e
U
n
i
v
e
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si
t
y
,
B
e
n
i
M
e
l
l
a
l
,
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
an
2
3
,
2
0
2
5
R
ev
is
ed
Dec
5
,
2
0
2
5
Acc
ep
ted
J
an
9
,
2
0
2
6
Th
is
wo
r
k
fo
c
u
se
s
o
n
th
e
tran
si
e
n
t
sta
b
il
it
y
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
id
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
a
n
d
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
g
e
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e
ra
t
o
r
(P
V
-
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TG
)
sy
ste
m
a
t
th
e
T
in
g
h
ir
2
2
5
/6
0
/
1
1
k
V
su
b
sta
ti
o
n
i
n
M
o
ro
c
c
o
.
Re
su
lt
s w
e
re
o
b
tain
e
d
b
y
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
th
e
e
ff
e
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ts o
f
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
c
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
o
n
p
o
w
e
r
a
n
g
le,
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
v
o
lt
a
g
e
,
a
n
d
fa
u
lt
-
c
lea
rin
g
ti
m
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
sy
ste
m
.
Th
e
st
u
d
y
e
x
a
m
in
e
d
k
e
y
d
i
stu
rb
a
n
c
e
s,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
a
b
ru
p
t
lo
ss
o
f
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
m
a
jo
r
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
fa
u
lt
s.
An
a
ly
sis
u
sin
g
ET
A
P
d
e
m
o
n
stra
ted
a
p
o
we
r
a
n
g
le
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
f
-
5
5
d
e
g
re
e
s,
2
0
d
e
g
re
e
s
g
re
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ter
th
a
n
th
e
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rm
a
l
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ra
ti
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g
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o
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n
t,
w
h
ich
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a
n
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e
c
a
u
se
d
b
y
th
e
lo
ss
o
f
P
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n
d
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
th
e
IE
EE
S
td
4
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1
.
5
sta
b
il
it
y
l
imit.
Th
e
m
a
x
imu
m
v
o
lt
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g
e
v
a
riati
o
n
wa
s
6
.
1
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o
r
t
h
e
P
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n
d
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7
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f
o
r
t
h
e
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,
e
x
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e
e
d
in
g
t
h
e
IEC
6
0
0
3
4
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1
li
m
i
ts
o
f
±5
%
.
A
n
o
t
h
e
r
m
a
jo
r
fi
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
is
a
n
a
ly
sis wa
s th
a
t
WT
G
lo
ss
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d
u
c
e
s freq
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e
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y
sw
in
g
s o
f
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8
Hz
a
n
d
re
q
u
ires
1
0
to
1
5
se
c
o
n
d
s
fo
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re
c
o
v
e
ry
,
in
d
ica
ti
n
g
th
a
t
l
o
w
-
in
e
rti
a
sy
st
e
m
s
h
a
v
e
in
su
fficie
n
t
in
e
rti
a
to
re
tu
rn
to
ste
a
d
y
sta
te
q
u
ick
l
y
.
T
h
e
re
fo
re
,
th
e
st
u
d
y
d
e
m
o
n
stra
tes
th
a
t
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s m
u
st b
e
u
se
d
to
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
sta
b
le
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
m
icro
g
rid
s.
Us
i
n
g
t
h
e
ti
m
e
d
o
m
a
in
sim
u
latio
n
(TDS
)
p
r
o
c
e
ss
,
we
c
a
lcu
late
d
th
e
c
rit
ica
l
c
lea
rin
g
ti
m
e
(CCT)
o
f
1
5
5
m
s
fo
r
3
-
p
h
a
se
fa
u
lt
s
a
n
d
4
6
4
m
s
fo
r
li
n
e
-
to
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
fa
u
lt
s,
a
ll
o
f
wh
ich
a
re
with
in
th
e
CCT
li
m
it
se
t
b
y
IEE
E
S
t
d
3
0
0
2
.
2
,
a
n
d
t
h
is
c
o
n
f
irms
th
e
n
e
c
e
ss
it
y
o
f
u
rg
e
n
t
c
lea
rin
g
o
f
fa
u
lt
s
to
m
a
in
t
a
in
tran
sie
n
t
sta
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
d
e
m
o
n
stra
tes
th
e
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
fa
st
p
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
t
iv
e
c
o
n
tro
l
i
n
lo
w
-
i
n
e
rti
a
s
y
ste
m
s,
wh
ic
h
is
o
f
p
a
rti
c
u
lar co
n
c
e
rn
in
r
u
ra
l
g
rid
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
CCT
C
r
itical
clea
r
in
g
tim
e
E
T
AP so
f
twar
e
Hy
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
Mic
r
o
g
r
id
Po
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
T
r
an
s
ien
t stab
ilit
y
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Hich
am
Sti
to
u
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
P
h
y
s
ic
s
T
e
a
m
(
E
APT)
,
S
u
p
e
r
i
o
r
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
S
u
l
t
a
n
M
o
u
l
a
y
S
l
i
m
a
n
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
B
en
i M
ellal,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
E
m
ail:
h
ich
am
.
s
tito
u
@
u
s
m
s
.
m
a
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
W
ith
r
is
in
g
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
will
h
av
e
t
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
ex
p
a
n
d
a
n
d
u
p
g
r
ad
e
its
elec
tr
ical
n
etwo
r
k
s
to
m
ee
t
f
u
tu
r
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
en
er
g
y
d
em
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
T
o
h
elp
m
ee
t
th
ese
p
o
wer
n
ee
d
s
,
elec
tr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
s
will
n
ee
d
to
co
n
d
u
ct
an
e
x
ten
s
iv
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
tin
u
es
to
o
p
er
a
te
ef
f
icien
tly
an
d
r
eliab
ly
u
n
d
er
n
o
r
m
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Po
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
p
lay
s
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
m
a
k
in
g
s
u
r
e
elec
t
r
ical
n
etwo
r
k
s
s
tay
s
tab
le
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
ar
e
d
y
n
am
ic
s
y
s
tem
s
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
,
lo
ad
s
,
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
f
ac
ilit
ies
[
3
]
.
I
n
s
tab
ilit
ies
cr
ea
ted
b
y
an
y
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
ese
co
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
lead
to
a
ch
ain
r
ea
ctio
n
o
f
f
ailu
r
es
a
n
d
,
e
v
en
tu
ally
,
th
e
lo
s
s
o
f
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
tab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
ar
ea
i
n
m
ain
tain
in
g
a
r
elia
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
en
er
g
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
449
-
463
450
T
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
ity
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
(
R
E
S)
in
to
an
ex
is
tin
g
p
o
wer
g
r
id
in
cr
ea
s
es
with
ad
d
ed
lev
els
o
f
p
en
etr
atio
n
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
b
en
e
f
its
o
f
R
E
S,
h
y
b
r
id
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
p
o
s
e
c
h
allen
g
es
o
n
th
e
tech
n
ical
s
id
e
,
s
u
ch
as
d
if
f
icu
lties
r
eg
u
lati
n
g
v
o
ltag
e,
as
well
as
co
n
ce
r
n
s
with
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
n
atu
r
e
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
atio
n
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
As
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
in
[
6
]
,
s
ev
er
al
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es
wer
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
A
m
ajo
r
d
is
tin
ctio
n
b
etwe
en
class
ic
p
o
wer
g
e
n
er
atio
n
an
d
R
E
S
lies
in
th
eir
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
;
tr
ad
itio
n
al
g
en
er
ato
r
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
in
h
er
en
t
s
y
s
tem
in
er
tia,
wh
ile
R
E
S
ty
p
i
ca
lly
r
ely
o
n
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
th
at
d
o
n
o
t h
av
e
th
is
p
r
o
p
er
ty
to
h
elp
s
tab
ilize
th
e
s
y
s
tem
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
tates
th
at
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
s
tab
ilit
y
ca
n
b
e
class
i
f
ied
in
to
th
r
ee
b
asic
ty
p
es
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
s
y
s
tem
im
p
ac
t
an
d
h
o
w
lo
n
g
th
at
im
p
ac
t
will
last
o
n
th
e
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
[
9
]
‒
[
1
1
]
.
Stead
y
-
s
tate
s
tab
ilit
y
r
ef
er
s
to
h
o
w
well
a
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
will
c
o
n
tin
u
e
to
wo
r
k
u
n
d
er
s
lo
w
b
u
t
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
t
ch
an
g
es
in
lo
ad
o
r
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
v
er
ex
te
n
d
ed
p
er
io
d
s
.
Dy
n
a
m
ic
s
tab
ilit
y
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
'
s
a
b
ilit
y
to
r
esp
o
n
d
t
o
s
tead
y
s
tate
o
s
cillatio
n
s
an
d
elec
tr
ical
d
y
n
am
ic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
a
n
d
lo
a
d
s
o
v
er
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
m
an
y
s
ec
o
n
d
s
to
m
an
y
m
in
u
tes
.
T
r
an
s
ien
t
s
tab
ilit
y
m
ay
b
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
itical
ty
p
e
o
f
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
s
tab
ilit
y
b
ec
au
s
e
it
ass
ess
es
th
e
g
r
id
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
esp
ec
ially
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
g
en
e
r
at
o
r
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
,
d
u
r
in
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
r
tly
af
ter
v
er
y
lar
g
e
im
p
ac
t
ev
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
a
g
en
er
ato
r
f
ailu
r
e
o
r
f
au
lt
o
n
th
e
g
r
id
,
ty
p
ically
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
ten
s
o
f
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
s
to
a
f
ew
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
R
esear
ch
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
an
al
y
zin
g
tr
an
s
ien
t
s
tab
ilit
y
in
m
o
d
er
n
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
llo
win
g
s
u
d
d
en
,
lar
g
e
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
ca
n
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
f
iv
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
ca
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
[
1
2
]
.
Simu
latio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
em
p
lo
y
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
in
teg
r
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
tu
itiv
e
r
esu
lts
b
u
t
o
f
ten
at
h
i
g
h
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
c
o
s
t
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
W
h
ile
d
ir
ec
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
o
f
L
y
ap
u
n
o
v
'
s
th
eo
r
y
o
f
s
tab
ilit
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
e
g
ar
d
i
n
g
s
tab
ilit
y
m
ar
g
in
s
,
th
ey
also
h
av
e
th
e
ad
d
ed
d
i
f
f
icu
lty
o
f
b
ein
g
u
n
a
b
le
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
a
s
u
itab
le
e
n
er
g
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
o
r
a
c
o
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
[
1
5
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
m
et
h
o
d
s
b
ased
o
n
d
ata
an
d
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
(
ML
)
u
s
e
an
aly
tics
an
d
ML
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
;
h
o
wev
er
d
o
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
u
ch
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
h
o
w
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
a
f
f
ec
t
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
6
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
an
aly
tical
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
e
s
d
ev
elo
p
ac
cu
r
ate
m
ath
em
atica
l
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atio
n
s
b
u
t
ca
n
b
e
v
er
y
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
u
tili
ze
in
a
h
ig
h
ly
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
s
y
s
tem
's
b
eh
av
io
r
s
[
1
7
]
.
Hy
b
r
i
d
m
eth
o
d
s
ap
p
ly
a
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
to
g
en
er
ate
n
ew
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
;
h
o
wev
er
,
t
h
e
y
will
also
em
b
r
ac
e
t
h
e
lim
it
atio
n
s
o
f
t
h
eir
c
o
n
s
titu
en
t
p
ar
ts
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
e
co
n
tin
u
in
g
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
[
1
8
]
.
T
r
an
s
ien
t
s
tab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
h
av
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
ed
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
;
h
o
wev
er
,
t
h
ey
s
till
h
av
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
v
o
id
s
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
I
n
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ar
ea
s
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
r
ec
eiv
e
d
a
d
eq
u
ate
r
esear
ch
atten
tio
n
.
First,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
co
m
b
in
ed
u
s
e
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
an
d
win
d
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
n
th
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
s
tab
i
lity
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ies
,
co
u
n
tr
ies
as
Mo
r
o
cc
o
;
s
ec
o
n
d
,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
C
C
T
s
in
h
y
b
r
id
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
au
lt
m
o
d
es;
th
ir
d
,
th
e
lac
k
o
f
ac
tu
al
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
u
s
in
g
r
ea
l
n
etwo
r
k
d
ata
f
r
o
m
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
s
.
T
o
f
ill
i
n
th
ese
g
ap
s
,
we
h
a
v
e
cr
ea
ted
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
T
in
g
h
ir
S
u
b
s
tatio
n
'
s
(
2
2
5
/6
0
/
1
1
k
V)
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
u
s
in
g
ac
tu
al
o
p
e
r
atin
g
d
ata
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
b
y
SP
I
E
Ma
r
o
c,
an
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
a
n
d
te
r
tiar
y
el
ec
tr
icity
s
p
ec
ialis
t.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
d
ata,
we
h
av
e
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
cr
ea
ted
a
n
ew
h
y
b
r
id
PV
-
W
T
G
m
icr
o
g
r
id
th
at
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
T
in
g
h
ir
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
,
an
d
we
h
av
e
m
o
d
ele
d
th
is
n
ew
s
y
s
tem
with
E
T
AP
s
o
f
t
war
e.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
th
at
we
ev
alu
ated
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
(
PV
)
an
d
win
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
g
en
er
ato
r
(
W
T
G
)
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
n
tr
an
s
ien
t
s
tab
ilit
y
b
ased
o
n
s
im
u
latio
n
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
ca
s
es.
T
h
ese
s
im
u
latio
n
ca
s
es
in
clu
d
ed
th
e
lo
s
s
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
g
en
er
atio
n
at
v
ar
io
u
s
r
an
d
o
m
tim
es
an
d
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
an
d
lin
e
-
to
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
f
au
lts
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
u
s
lo
ca
tio
n
s
with
in
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
d
e
r
o
f
th
is
p
a
p
er
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws:
i)
Sectio
n
2
will
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el,
ii)
Sectio
n
3
will
p
r
esen
t
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
tr
an
s
ien
t
s
tab
ilit
y
s
im
u
latio
n
s
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
a
u
lt
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
an
d
iii)
Sectio
n
4
will
co
n
clu
d
e
th
e
p
a
p
er
a
n
d
o
u
tlin
e
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
i
n
th
is
d
o
m
ain
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Desig
n a
nd
o
pera
t
io
na
l
pa
ra
m
et
er
s
o
f
t
he
2
2
5
/6
0
/1
1
k
V
T
ing
hir
S
u
bs
t
a
t
io
n
T
in
g
h
ir
S
u
b
s
tatio
n
is
an
o
p
en
-
air
f
ac
ilit
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f
ea
tu
r
in
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a
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h
i
g
h
,
h
ig
h
,
an
d
m
ed
iu
m
v
o
lta
g
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t.
I
t
h
as
two
in
co
m
in
g
f
ee
d
er
s
,
two
o
u
tg
o
in
g
f
ee
d
er
s
,
an
d
a
t
r
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s
f
o
r
m
er
th
at
d
eliv
er
s
6
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k
V
to
th
e
to
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s
o
f
Kala
at
Me
g
o
u
n
a
an
d
T
in
g
h
i
r
in
Mo
r
o
cc
o
'
s
Dr
âa
-
af
ilalet
r
eg
io
n
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
tin
u
i
ty
o
f
s
er
v
ice,
th
e
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
e
d
to
b
e
a
d
u
al
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
y
s
tem
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t
f
o
r
ex
tr
a
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
(
E
HV
2
2
5
k
V)
,
HV
(
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
6
0
k
V)
,
a
n
d
m
ed
iu
m
-
to
-
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
(
MV
-
L
V
1
1
k
V)
in
clu
d
es:
T
h
e
2
2
5
k
V
s
y
s
tem
is
co
m
p
o
s
e
d
o
f
two
id
en
tical
d
ep
ar
tu
r
es
(
Ou
ar
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r
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ac
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,
ea
c
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with
a
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8
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2
Tr
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
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7
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2
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p
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n
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No
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,
J
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20
2
6
:
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2
.
3
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O
pera
t
io
na
l
da
t
a
a
nd
env
iro
nm
ent
a
l a
s
s
um
ptio
ns
Op
er
atio
n
al
d
ata
was
co
llecte
d
in
2
0
2
4
f
r
o
m
“SPIE
Ma
r
o
c
”.
L
o
ad
p
r
o
f
iles
ex
h
ib
ited
th
r
ee
d
is
tin
ct
m
o
d
es
(
o
f
f
-
p
ea
k
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
p
ea
k
)
,
with
th
e
W
T
G
lo
s
s
ev
e
n
t
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
ar
d
lo
ad
in
g
(
1
.
5
2
MW).
Am
b
ien
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
clu
d
ed
a
s
im
u
lated
win
d
s
p
ee
d
p
r
o
f
ile
(
9
→2
3
→1
8
m
/s
)
a
n
d
co
n
s
tan
t
s
im
u
lated
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
(
1
0
0
0
W
/m
²)
.
Key
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
i
n
T
ab
le
4
.
T
ab
le
4
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
k
e
y
s
im
p
lify
in
g
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
A
ssu
mp
t
i
o
n
Li
mi
t
a
t
i
o
n
W
TG
I
n
st
a
n
t
a
n
e
o
u
s
p
o
w
e
r
r
e
sp
o
n
se
N
e
g
l
e
c
t
s
p
i
t
c
h
d
e
l
a
y
(
~
0
.
5
-
2
s
e
c
.
)
PV
F
i
x
e
d
S
TC
(
1
0
0
0
W
/
m²
,
2
5
°
C
)
Ex
c
l
u
d
e
s i
r
r
a
d
i
a
n
c
e
/
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
G
r
i
d
I
n
f
i
n
i
t
e
b
u
s
m
o
d
e
l
O
v
e
r
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
s
g
r
i
d
st
i
f
f
n
e
ss
Lo
a
d
C
o
n
st
a
n
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
v
e
n
t
N
e
g
l
e
c
t
s
d
e
m
a
n
d
r
e
sp
o
n
se
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
60
-
s
e
c
o
n
d
t
r
a
n
si
e
n
t
w
i
n
d
o
w
Ex
c
l
u
d
e
s l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m s
e
t
t
l
i
n
g
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
o
s
im
u
late
a
n
d
ev
alu
ate
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
PV
an
d
W
T
G
o
n
th
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
m
icr
o
g
r
id
u
n
d
er
s
tu
d
y
,
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
a
r
e
s
tu
d
ie
d
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
s
ev
e
n
ts
s
u
ch
as
th
e
d
is
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
o
f
th
e
PV
g
en
er
ato
r
an
d
W
T
G
at
r
an
d
o
m
tim
es,
as
well
a
s
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
(
3φ
)
an
d
lin
e
-
to
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
(
L
G)
f
au
lts
o
n
b
u
s
es
n
ea
r
th
e
PV
ar
r
ay
an
d
n
ea
r
t
h
e
W
T
G.
T
h
e
C
C
T
o
f
th
e
f
au
lts
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
ten
s
iv
e
test
in
g
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
T
D
S
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Ke
y
s
im
u
latio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
ar
e
s
u
m
m
a
r
ize
d
in
T
ab
le
5
.
3.
1.
T
ra
ns
ient
s
t
a
bil
it
y
a
na
ly
s
is
in
t
he
pro
po
s
e
d P
V
-
WT
G
hy
brid m
icro
g
rid
Fo
r
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
tab
ilit
y
is
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
in
ter
m
itten
cy
o
f
PV
g
en
e
r
atio
n
,
th
e
d
y
n
am
i
c
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
g
r
id
-
f
o
r
m
in
g
an
d
g
r
id
-
f
o
llo
win
g
i
n
v
er
ter
s
,
as
well
as
m
u
tu
al
im
p
ac
ts
am
o
n
g
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
o
t
h
er
g
en
er
ato
r
s
(
e.
g
.
,
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
e
r
ato
r
s
an
d
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es).
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
lo
w
ch
a
r
t
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
ad
o
p
ted
f
o
r
a
n
aly
s
is
in
th
is
wo
r
k
.
A
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
a
f
ety
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
s
u
ch
an
aly
s
is
is
th
e
cr
itical
clea
r
in
g
tim
e
(
C
C
T
)
;
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
d
u
r
atio
n
th
at
a
f
au
lt
ca
n
s
tay
in
o
u
r
s
y
s
tem
with
o
u
t
it
lo
s
in
g
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
b
r
ea
k
i
n
g
d
o
wn
.
T
ab
le
5
.
C
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
im
u
l
atio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
tr
a
n
s
ien
t stab
ilit
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an
aly
s
is
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
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p
e
c
i
f
i
c
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
Te
st
e
d
v
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l
u
e
/
r
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n
g
e
U
n
i
t
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
r
e
f
e
r
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n
c
e
S
c
e
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a
r
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sso
c
i
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t
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st
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o
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y
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u
r
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Pro
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to
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s
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t stab
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an
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s
is
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s
in
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T
AP so
f
twar
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
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n
g
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2252
-
8
7
9
2
Tr
a
n
s
ien
t sta
b
ilit
y
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f a
n
ew p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
yb
r
id
P
V
-
W
TG m
icro
g
r
id
fo
r
T
in
g
h
ir
…
(
Hich
a
m
S
tito
u
)
455
3.
1
.
1
.
P
ro
ce
s
s
f
o
r
estima
t
ing
CCT
C
C
T
i
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
u
latio
n
b
y
in
c
r
em
en
tally
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
f
au
lt
clea
r
an
ce
ti
m
e
(
FC
T
)
u
n
t
i
l
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
t
o
an
u
n
s
t
a
b
l
e
s
t
a
t
e
.
F
o
r
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
i
ed
c
a
s
es
,
t
h
e
T
DS
a
l
g
o
r
it
h
m
,
i
l
lu
s
t
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
,
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
C
C
T
v
alu
e
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
etailed
tim
e
-
d
o
m
ain
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
s
y
s
tem
v
ar
iab
les,
ca
n
h
an
d
le
co
m
p
lex
,
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics,
an
d
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
all
ty
p
es
o
f
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
g
r
id
s
.
3.
1
.
2
.
Ca
s
e
1
:
Dis
co
nn
ec
t
io
n o
f
P
V
a
rr
a
y
f
r
o
m
t
he
hy
brid
m
icro
g
rid
T
h
e
PV
g
en
er
ato
r
was
tak
en
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
b
y
tu
r
n
in
g
o
f
f
th
e
cir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
e
r
(
C
B
_
PV)
f
o
r
th
e
PV
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
at
t
=
3
0
s
,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
h
o
w
th
e
p
o
wer
an
g
le
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
r
ea
cted
to
th
is
ev
en
t.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
f
ir
s
t
3
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
th
e
p
o
wer
an
g
le
s
tead
ily
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
3
5
°
to
-
5
0
°,
with
s
m
all
o
s
cillatio
n
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
was o
p
er
atin
g
s
tead
ily
with
th
e
ass
i
s
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
PV.
T
h
e
s
h
ar
p
d
r
o
p
in
th
e
p
o
wer
a
n
g
le
at
th
e
tim
e
o
f
d
is
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
th
e
PV
g
en
e
r
ato
r
s
h
o
ws
th
at
a
tr
a
n
s
ien
t
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
with
th
e
g
r
id
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
at
th
at
tim
e
d
u
e
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ated
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ate
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