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s
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f
ac
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r
(
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F)
is
in
tr
o
d
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ce
d
as
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elate
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d
f
r
eq
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cy
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m
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o
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en
t
s
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I
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ad
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r
o
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h
ar
m
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n
ic
s
tu
d
ies
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
2
0
]
-
[
2
4
]
r
e
v
ea
l
th
at
VUF
-
r
elate
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
m
o
to
r
’
s
p
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le
n
u
m
b
er
,
r
o
to
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s
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t
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f
ig
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r
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,
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d
th
e
em
er
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ce
o
f
n
ew
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r
eq
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p
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n
en
ts
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n
d
er
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b
a
lan
ce
d
co
n
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itio
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s
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B
ey
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d
v
o
ltag
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b
ased
d
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n
o
s
tics
,
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
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f
d
ata
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d
r
iv
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tech
n
iq
u
es
h
as
b
ee
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
class
if
icatio
n
,
an
d
d
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n
o
s
is
u
s
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
ib
r
atio
n
s
ig
n
als.
Ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
s
u
ch
as
th
e
au
to
-
r
eg
r
ess
iv
e
m
o
v
in
g
av
er
ag
e
(
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MA
)
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
an
aly
s
is
,
s
p
ec
tr
al
an
d
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
f
o
r
v
ib
r
atio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t,
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
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m
eth
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d
s
f
o
r
tr
an
s
ien
t
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
to
r
q
u
e
esti
m
atio
n
,
an
d
wav
elet
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b
ased
cu
r
r
en
t
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
m
ec
h
an
ical
f
ailu
r
e
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
h
av
e
co
llectiv
ely
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
ad
v
a
n
cin
g
I
M
f
au
lt
an
al
y
s
is
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
s
,
ea
ch
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
p
r
esen
ts
s
p
ec
if
ic
lim
itatio
n
s
,
an
d
s
ev
er
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
b
ef
o
r
e
l
ar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
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o
p
tio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
g
a
p
s
id
en
tifie
d
in
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
im
p
r
o
v
ed
h
y
b
r
id
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
I
M
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
d
iag
n
o
s
in
g
f
au
l
ts
u
n
d
er
v
o
ltag
e
u
n
b
alan
ce
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
in
teg
r
ates
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
test
in
g
to
g
en
er
ate
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
wit
h
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
lev
els
r
ef
er
en
ce
d
to
ANSI
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MA
MG
1
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2
0
1
1
an
d
I
SO
2372
-
1
9
7
4
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
ten
t o
f
th
is
ar
ticle
i
s
as
f
o
llo
ws:
Sect
io
n
1
o
u
tlin
es th
e
p
r
o
b
l
em
an
d
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
r
elev
an
t
an
aly
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es;
Sectio
n
2
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
;
Sectio
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
an
d
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es;
Sectio
n
4
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
s
im
u
lat
io
n
an
d
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
;
a
n
d
th
e
f
i
n
al
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
T
h
e
d
etec
tio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
o
r
v
o
l
tag
e
u
n
b
alan
ce
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as
th
e
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
as
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
NE
MA
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
T
h
is
s
tan
d
a
r
d
ca
lcu
lates
th
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
v
o
ltag
e
d
e
v
iatio
n
t
o
th
e
av
er
ag
e
lin
e
v
o
ltag
e,
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as th
e
v
o
ltag
e
u
n
b
alan
ce
p
er
c
en
tag
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(
VUP)
,
as e
x
p
r
ess
ed
in
(
1
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an
d
(
2
)
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(
%
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,
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)
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)
×
100
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1
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Similar
ly
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I
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ter
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ase
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as
(
2
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.
(
%
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=
[
−
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,
[
−
]
,
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−
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×
100
(
2
)
T
h
e
P
a
r
k
,
s
v
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c
t
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(
3
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.
(
)
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[
(
)
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1
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3
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W
h
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θ
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b
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ce
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p
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ly
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wh
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[
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2
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[
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W
h
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an
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th
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an
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t
is
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e
q
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ed
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y
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a
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o
f
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th
r
ee
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ase
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I
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2252
-
8
7
9
2
P
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r
ma
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d
eg
r
a
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tio
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a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f in
d
u
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imu
lin
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(
K
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mra
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a
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527
3.
M
E
T
H
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D
T
h
is
s
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tio
n
o
u
tlin
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th
e
m
eth
o
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y
u
s
in
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b
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m
u
latio
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d
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h
e
s
im
u
latio
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m
o
d
el
d
ev
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p
ed
f
o
r
th
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s
tu
d
y
was
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
MA
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L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
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as
illu
s
tr
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in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
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m
o
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r
e
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r
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t
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e
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u
r
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1
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lin
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ase
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en
s
o
r
with
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
0
Hz
-
1
k
Hz
,
an
ac
o
u
s
tic
s
o
u
n
d
s
en
s
o
r
with
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
0
-
1
3
0
d
B
,
a
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
o
f
0
-
380
V
,
an
d
an
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es a
r
e
as th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
.
i)
Step
1
:
C
r
ea
te
s
itu
atio
n
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
VUF
in
ter
m
o
f
p
er
c
en
tag
e
(
%
VUF)
b
y
ad
ju
s
tin
g
v
o
ltag
e
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e
u
n
b
alan
ce
at
5
%,
1
0
%,
1
5
% a
n
d
2
0
%.
ii)
Step
2
:
T
ak
e
lo
ad
to
r
q
u
e
at
5
0
%
m
ed
iu
m
lo
a
d
f
o
r
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
r
elate
d
a
n
d
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
I
M.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
525
-
534
528
iii)
Step
:
3
R
ec
o
r
d
an
d
s
to
r
e
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
r
elate
d
f
o
r
a
n
aly
s
is
an
d
esti
m
atio
n
an
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
VUF
s
u
ch
as
th
e
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t,
t
o
r
q
u
e
,
s
p
ee
d
,
v
ib
r
atio
n
,
an
d
s
o
u
n
d
.
iv
)
Step
4
:
An
aly
ze
an
d
in
ter
p
r
et
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
(
s
tep
s
1
-
3
)
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
to
wav
ef
o
r
m
g
r
ap
h
,
an
d
an
aly
ze
u
s
in
g
lin
ea
r
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
s
tatis
tic.
v)
Step
5
:
C
r
ea
te
an
e
q
u
atio
n
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
r
esu
lts
(
s
tep
s
3
-
4
)
f
o
r
e
v
alu
atin
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
VUF
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
v
i)
Step
6
:
Dis
cu
s
s
an
d
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
esti
m
atin
g
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
I
M
u
n
d
er
VUF
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
s
etu
p
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
f
a
u
lt
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
it
is
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
u
n
d
er
VUF
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
ated
p
ar
am
eter
s
in
clu
d
e
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD)
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
,
cu
r
r
en
t,
to
r
q
u
e,
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
,
v
ib
r
atio
n
,
an
d
ac
o
u
s
tic
s
o
u
n
d
,
with
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
m
ad
e
b
etwe
en
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
f
au
lted
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
th
e
an
aly
s
is
m
eth
o
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
ar
k
v
ec
to
r
,
as
d
ef
in
ed
in
(
4
)
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iab
les
ex
am
in
ed
in
clu
d
e
to
r
q
u
e,
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
,
v
ib
r
atio
n
,
an
d
s
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
-
u
n
b
alan
ce
lev
el
was
ad
ju
s
ted
to
f
o
u
r
s
ettin
g
s
(
5
%,
1
0
%,
1
5
%,
an
d
2
0
%),
r
esu
ltin
g
in
in
cr
ea
s
es
in
cu
r
r
en
t,
to
r
q
u
e,
T
HD,
v
ib
r
atio
n
,
an
d
s
o
u
n
d
as
VUF
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
4
.
1
.
E
x
perim
ent
a
l
a
nd
s
im
ula
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
(
I
M)
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
VUF
lev
els.
T
h
e
k
ey
elec
tr
ical
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
r
esp
o
n
s
es
cu
r
r
en
t,
to
r
q
u
e,
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
,
v
ib
r
atio
n
,
ac
o
u
s
tic
s
o
u
n
d
,
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
3
wer
e
m
e
asu
r
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
im
p
ac
t o
f
Δ
VUF
o
n
m
o
to
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
h
o
w
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
VUF
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
eir
u
s
e
f
o
r
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
to
r
q
u
e
s
ig
n
al
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
u
n
d
er
VUF
co
n
d
itio
n
s
wh
en
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e
was
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
5
%.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
,
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
r
em
ain
s
s
m
o
o
th
,
ex
h
ib
itin
g
o
n
l
y
m
in
o
r
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
at
th
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
p
o
in
t,
wh
ich
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
t
o
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atin
g
s
tate
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
(
I
M)
.
T
h
is
b
eh
av
io
r
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
th
at
v
o
ltag
e
u
n
b
alan
c
e
ca
u
s
es
lim
ited
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
to
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
p
r
o
f
ile.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
il
lu
s
tr
ates
th
e
f
au
lt
co
n
d
itio
n
,
wh
er
e
n
o
ticea
b
le
o
s
cillatio
n
s
ap
p
ea
r
in
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
b
etwe
en
3
-
5
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
T
h
ese
o
s
cillatio
n
s
ar
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
-
s
eq
u
en
ce
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
d
u
ce
d
b
y
VUF,
wh
ich
g
en
er
ate
to
r
q
u
e
p
u
ls
atio
n
s
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
in
s
tab
ilit
y
in
th
e
I
M.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
o
s
cillato
r
y
b
eh
av
io
r
v
er
if
ies
th
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
o
f
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
t
o
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
its
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
as
an
ea
r
ly
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
in
d
icato
r
o
f
VUF
-
r
elate
d
f
au
lts
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
s
ig
n
als
u
n
d
er
n
o
r
m
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
u
n
d
er
a
5
%
v
o
ltag
e
u
n
b
alan
ce
f
au
lt
(
∆V
UF)
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
clea
r
ly
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
in
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
at
in
f
au
lt c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
d
eg
r
a
d
a
tio
n
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f in
d
u
ctio
n
mo
to
r
s
u
s
in
g
S
imu
lin
k
…
(
K
a
mra
i J
a
n
p
r
o
m
)
529
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
r
es
u
lts
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
f
a
u
lts
VUF
Iq
Id
T
e
(
N
m)
S
p
e
e
d
(
r
p
m)
V
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
(
mm
/
s)
S
o
u
n
d
(
d
B
)
TH
D
(
%)
0%
0
.
0
4
6
0
.
1
2
5
0
.
4
6
8
6
1
4
9
9
0
.
4
4
0
.
2
0
.
0
5
5%
0
.
9
7
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1
.
1
8
6
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.
4
5
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4
9
4
5
.
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8
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.
4
1
3
.
2
4
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%
3
.
0
8
0
1
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2
3
6
6
.
4
8
3
1
4
8
9
5
.
9
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6
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4
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3
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4
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4
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1
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4
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7
9
6
.
2
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0
4
.
5
2
5
.
9
6
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
o
r
q
u
e
s
ig
n
al
: (
a)
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
(
b
)
f
au
lt c
o
n
d
itio
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
ac
o
u
s
tic
s
ig
n
als
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
n
d
er
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
VUF
lev
els
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
5
%
to
2
0
%.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
at
a
m
ed
iu
m
-
lo
ad
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
to
ex
am
in
e
h
o
w
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
u
n
b
alan
ce
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
ac
o
u
s
tic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
(
I
M)
.
Aco
u
s
tic
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
ar
e
wid
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
d
icato
r
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
in
I
Ms,
an
d
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
VUF
in
cr
ea
s
es
to
r
q
u
e
p
u
ls
atio
n
s
,
v
ib
r
atio
n
,
an
d
air
f
lo
w
n
o
is
e,
wh
ic
h
d
ir
ec
tly
alter
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
s
o
u
n
d
p
atter
n
s
.
T
h
ese
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
ar
e
r
ef
lecte
d
in
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
s
ig
n
als
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
wh
er
e
th
e
s
o
u
n
d
am
p
litu
d
e
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
v
ar
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
ally
with
th
e
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
VUF.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
an
d
wer
e
th
en
in
ter
p
r
eted
.
T
h
e
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
s
tatis
tic
is
u
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
tu
d
ied
b
etwe
en
th
e
∆V
UF
an
d
s
ig
n
al
d
etec
tio
n
.
T
ab
le
4
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
,
wh
ich
wer
e
th
en
an
aly
ze
d
an
d
in
ter
p
r
eted
.
T
h
e
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
s
tatis
tic
was
u
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
tu
d
ied
b
etwe
en
th
e
∆V
UF a
n
d
s
ig
n
al
d
etec
tio
n
.
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
ef
f
icien
c
y
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
I
n
t
e
r
c
e
p
t
S
l
o
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t
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To
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TH
D
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3
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8
8
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
525
-
534
530
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
R
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
s
ig
n
al
o
n
lo
ad
at
VUF
5
%
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Aco
u
s
tic
s
ig
n
als u
n
d
er
m
ed
iu
m
-
lo
ad
o
p
er
atio
n
with
VUF
Fro
m
a
s
tatis
tical
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lt
b
y
u
s
in
g
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
,
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
was
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
ass
o
cia
ted
with
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
o
f
∆V
UF,
to
r
q
u
e
(
T
e
=
0
.
9
5
5
*
)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
o
s
cillatio
n
to
r
q
u
e
v
alu
e
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
cr
ea
te
th
e
m
o
to
r
e
f
f
icien
cy
in
d
e
x
eq
u
atio
n
as
(
5
)
.
=
2
+
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
P
stayloss
is
th
e
s
tay
lo
ad
lo
s
s
,
in
W
,
T
e
is
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
in
Nm
.
,
a
is
th
e
s
lo
p
e,
b
is
th
e
in
t
er
ce
p
t.
=
−
×
100
(
6
)
W
h
er
e
η
is
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
esti
m
atio
n
,
P
in
is
th
e
p
o
wer
in
p
u
t
f
r
o
m
n
am
ep
late
m
o
to
r
,
in
W
att,
P
Stayloss
is
th
e
s
tay
lo
s
s
.
T
ab
le
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ef
f
i
cien
cy
ca
lcu
latio
n
with
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
∆V
UF.
Nam
ely
,
VUF
ef
f
ec
ts
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
T
ab
le
5
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
a
s
tr
o
n
g
lin
ea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
VUF%
an
d
k
ey
m
o
to
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
As
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
alm
o
s
t
lin
ea
r
ly
with
VUF,
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
=
−
1
.
98
+
104
.
8
,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
.
9
8
%
ef
f
icien
cy
f
o
r
ev
er
y
1
% in
cr
ea
s
e
in
VUF.
T
h
is
d
ec
lin
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
h
ea
tin
g
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
u
n
b
alan
ce
with
in
th
e
s
tato
r
win
d
in
g
s
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
(
T
ₑ)
in
cr
ea
s
es
lin
ea
r
ly
acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
=
0
.
5786
+
0
.
5574
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
to
r
q
u
e
p
u
ls
atio
n
s
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
u
n
d
e
r
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
s
u
p
p
ly
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
p
o
wer
(
P
in
)
r
em
ain
s
co
n
s
tan
t
at
3
7
0
W
,
as
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
in
T
ab
le
5
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
at
th
e
test
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
at
a
f
ix
ed
in
p
u
t
s
u
p
p
ly
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
s
tr
ay
lo
s
s
es
(
Pₗₒₛ
ₛ
)
in
cr
ea
s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
d
eg
r
a
d
a
tio
n
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f in
d
u
ctio
n
mo
to
r
s
u
s
in
g
S
imu
lin
k
…
(
K
a
mra
i J
a
n
p
r
o
m
)
531
s
h
ar
p
ly
with
VUF
=
7
.
3921
−
20
.
7076
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
ev
er
e
m
ag
n
etic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
an
d
th
er
m
al
s
tr
ess
.
Ov
er
all,
T
ab
le
5
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
v
o
ltag
e
u
n
b
alan
ce
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
eg
r
ad
es
m
o
to
r
ef
f
icien
cy
d
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
s
tr
ay
lo
s
s
es
an
d
to
r
q
u
e
ir
r
eg
u
lar
ities
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
m
ain
tain
in
g
VUF
b
e
lo
w
ac
ce
p
tab
le
lim
its
f
o
r
r
eliab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
ab
le
5
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
ef
f
icien
c
y
VUF
(
%)
T
e
(
N
m)
P
in
(W)
P
S
t
a
yl
os
s
(W)
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
(
%)
0%
0
.
4
6
8
6
3
7
0
0
.
6
8
4
99
5%
3
.
4
5
4
3
7
0
7
.
4
5
8
97
1
0
%
6
.
4
8
3
3
7
0
2
4
.
8
6
9
93
1
5
%
9
.
3
0
3
3
7
0
8
7
.
6
8
1
76
2
0
%
1
2
.
0
1
3
7
0
1
4
5
.
3
7
5
60
4
.
2
.
Dis
cus
s
io
ns
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
ar
e
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
g
r
ap
h
ical
f
o
r
m
to
f
ac
il
itate
clea
r
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
s
tr
o
n
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
-
u
n
b
alan
ce
f
ac
to
r
an
d
s
ev
er
al
k
e
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
,
in
clu
d
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t,
to
r
q
u
e,
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
,
v
ib
r
atio
n
,
ac
o
u
s
tic
s
o
u
n
d
,
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
[
2
5
]
.
As
Δ
VUF
in
cr
ea
s
es,
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
es
b
e
co
m
es
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
asy
m
m
etr
ic,
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
n
eg
ati
v
e
-
s
eq
u
en
ce
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
th
at
lead
to
h
ig
h
er
cu
r
r
en
t
im
b
ala
n
c
e,
to
r
q
u
e
p
u
ls
atio
n
,
m
ec
h
an
ical
v
ib
r
atio
n
,
a
n
d
a
co
u
s
tic
n
o
is
e.
T
h
ese
ef
f
ec
ts
co
llectiv
ely
r
ef
lect
t
h
e
d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
m
o
to
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
in
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
-
u
n
b
al
an
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
2
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
es
6
(
a)
a
n
d
6
(
b
)
p
r
esen
t
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
in
s
tato
r
a
n
d
r
o
to
r
with
∆V
UF
an
d
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
in
th
e
ai
r
g
ap
is
in
u
n
b
alan
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
.
I
t
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
in
I
d
an
d
I
q
in
cr
ea
s
es.
T
h
e
I
q
h
as
r
elatio
n
with
∆V
UF.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
%THD
h
as in
cr
ea
s
ed
an
d
in
d
icate
d
th
e
r
ip
p
le
cu
r
r
en
t w
av
e
f
o
r
m
.
Fig
u
r
es
6
(
c)
an
d
6
(
d
)
p
r
esen
t
th
e
∆V
UF,
wh
ich
ef
f
ec
ted
with
s
lip
s
p
ee
d
(
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
s
p
ee
d
an
d
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
)
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
a
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
an
d
m
o
r
e
s
ev
er
e
as
th
e
ch
an
g
e
in
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
lo
ad
in
cr
ea
s
e,
wh
ich
is
clea
r
ly
s
h
o
wn
as
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
d
u
e
to
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
%VUF,
th
e
o
s
cillatio
n
o
f
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
s
ig
n
al
ca
u
s
es
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
is
es.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
late
d
b
y
th
e
(
2
)
-
(
5
)
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
ig
n
al
ef
f
ec
t is ex
p
r
ess
ed
th
e
to
r
q
u
e’
s
o
s
cillatio
n
as in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
.
Fig
u
r
es
6
(
e)
an
d
6
(
f
)
p
r
esen
t
th
e
∆V
UF
cu
r
v
es,
wh
ich
ca
u
s
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
o
s
cillatio
n
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n
d
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.
(
a)
(
b
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(
c)
(
d
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(
e
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(f)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
elatio
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(
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c
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r
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ib
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n
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f
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tic
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ig
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als
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
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2
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n
e
20
2
6
:
525
-
534
532
T
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e
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ip
o
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∆
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a
n
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lated
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to
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e
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ar
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o
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o
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h
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er
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o
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m
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n
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d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
[
2
7
]
-
[
3
0
]
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
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n
aly
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d
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ir
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ay
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ates
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ad
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ate
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A
d
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ical
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ac
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Un
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ity
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ai
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an
p
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m
✓
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Sit
tad
ac
h
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r
k
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ec
h
ai
✓
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Natc
h
an
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n
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in
etr
✓
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p
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C
:
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r
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d
in
t
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is
s
tu
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y
.
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I
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t J Ap
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I
SS
N:
2252
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533
RE
F
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NC
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S
[
1
]
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.
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r
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a
n
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a
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.
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d
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[
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[
3
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.