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Ov
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last
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[
1
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.
I
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in
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I
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2252
-
8
7
9
2
R
u
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-
b
a
s
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n
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t str
a
teg
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r
a
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yb
r
id
micro
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id
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…
(
S
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mid
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a
kir A
b
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tta
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859
r
en
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b
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y
r
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r
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s
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
Fu
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t
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m
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th
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is
cr
u
cial
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t e
x
tr
an
e
o
u
s
ex
p
e
n
s
es.
T
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
co
n
ce
p
ts
o
f
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
as
m
u
lti
-
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
elu
cid
ated
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
Mu
ltip
le
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l,
ca
p
ac
ity
,
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
in
clu
d
e
b
atter
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
u
n
its
.
T
h
e
s
ch
o
lar
i
n
[
5
]
p
r
esen
ted
a
r
u
le
-
b
ase
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
a
m
etah
e
u
r
is
tic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
k
n
o
wn
a
s
th
e
L
ev
y
f
lig
h
t a
lg
o
r
ith
m
(
L
FA)
f
o
r
th
e
E
MS
o
f
an
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
h
y
b
r
id
r
en
ew
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
ich
e
m
p
lo
y
s
a
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
a
n
d
b
atte
r
y
u
n
its
as
a
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
[
6
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
in
te
g
r
ated
with
a
u
tili
ty
g
r
id
.
T
h
ey
u
s
ed
t
h
e
AL
O
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
s
izin
g
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
a
r
u
le
-
b
ased
e
n
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
f
lo
w
o
f
p
o
wer
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
id
.
I
t
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
7
]
th
at
a
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
m
ic
r
o
g
r
id
was
in
teg
r
ated
with
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
,
d
iesel
g
en
er
ato
r
s
,
an
d
b
atter
y
s
to
r
ag
e
with
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
n
ew
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
s
tat
io
n
s
an
d
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
th
e
Giza
p
y
r
am
i
d
s
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
GPC
A)
f
o
r
lev
elize
d
co
s
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
.
Ad
ar
et
a
l.
[
8
]
cr
ea
te
d
an
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
en
er
g
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
u
tili
zin
g
a
m
u
lti
-
lev
el
DC
–
DC
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
in
t
eg
r
ated
with
a
n
ar
tific
ial
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
-
b
ased
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
o
p
tim
ize
p
o
wer
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
u
n
d
e
r
f
lu
ctu
atin
g
i
r
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
lo
a
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
th
o
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
etter
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
,
q
u
ick
e
r
MPPT
tr
ac
k
in
g
,
an
d
less
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le.
Ho
wev
er
,
g
r
id
-
tied
o
p
er
atio
n
was
n
o
t
tak
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t;
in
s
tead
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
o
n
PV
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
at
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
lev
el.
Du
e
to
th
e
s
u
b
s
tan
ti
al
ex
p
en
s
e
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
,
s
elec
tin
g
a
s
u
p
er
io
r
m
etah
eu
r
is
tic
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
ess
en
tial.
A
litt
le
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
i
n
th
e
m
etah
eu
r
is
tic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
m
ay
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
im
p
ac
t
th
e
esti
m
ated
o
p
tim
u
m
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
ab
le
1
(
s
ee
Ap
p
en
d
ix
)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
c
r
itical
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
liter
atu
r
e’
s
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
o
b
jecti
v
es,
k
ey
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
an
d
lim
itatio
n
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
[
9
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
i
n
teg
r
ated
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
b
y
m
e
r
g
in
g
a
r
u
le
-
b
ased
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
with
n
o
v
el
co
n
d
itio
n
al
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
,
wh
ich
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
u
n
iq
u
e
p
r
io
r
ities
,
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies,
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
em
p
lo
y
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
m
icr
o
g
r
id
.
Sy
s
tem
atica
lly
co
m
p
ar
in
g
f
o
u
r
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
m
etah
eu
r
is
tic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
u
n
d
er
u
n
if
o
r
m
d
atasets
an
d
en
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
r
estrictio
n
s
,
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
aly
tical
in
s
ig
h
ts
.
I
n
co
n
t
r
ast,
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
te
n
em
p
h
asize
eith
er
s
y
s
tem
s
izin
g
o
r
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
c
o
n
tr
o
l
i
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
tly
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
is
a
b
r
ief
o
u
tlin
e
th
at
d
elin
ea
tes
th
e
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
˗
T
h
e
s
izin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
ic
r
o
g
r
i
d
r
el
ies
o
n
a
g
r
i
d
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic/win
d
tu
r
b
in
e/b
atter
y
/
d
iesel
g
en
er
at
o
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
wh
ich
e
m
u
l
ates
r
ea
l
m
icr
o
g
r
id
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
W
h
en
PV
an
d
W
T
g
en
er
ate
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
th
a
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
th
e
s
u
r
p
lu
s
en
er
g
y
will
b
e
s
o
ld
to
th
e
g
r
id
;
h
o
wev
er
,
if
s
u
r
p
lu
s
en
er
g
y
ca
n
n
o
t
f
u
lf
il
th
e
d
em
an
d
s
,
th
e
b
atter
y
b
an
k
an
d
d
i
esel
g
en
er
ato
r
will
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
d
em
an
d
s
.
I
f
th
e
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
d
iesel a
n
d
b
atter
y
is
n
o
t a
v
ailab
le,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
will b
u
y
en
e
r
g
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
id
to
m
ee
t th
e
d
em
a
n
d
s
.
˗
A
s
et
o
f
r
u
le
-
b
ased
m
eta
-
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
h
as b
ee
n
im
p
lem
en
ted
f
o
r
cr
ea
tin
g
a
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
en
er
g
y
-
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
an
d
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
co
n
ce
p
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
E
MS
m
an
a
g
es th
e
f
l
o
w
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
m
icr
o
g
r
id
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
˗
A
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
a
n
aly
s
is
is
co
n
d
u
cted
am
o
n
g
f
o
u
r
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
f
in
d
th
e
b
est
o
p
tim
al
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
m
icr
o
g
r
id
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
o
b
tain
i
n
g
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
L
C
OE
.
˗
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
h
as
im
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
o
b
tain
e
d
an
o
p
tim
al
s
y
s
tem
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
,
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
L
C
OE
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
i
v
e
-
s
tep
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
a
m
icr
o
g
r
id
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
m
etr
o
lo
g
ical
d
ata
s
et,
cu
s
to
m
e
r
d
e
m
an
d
p
r
o
f
iles
,
tech
n
ical
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
s
y
s
tem
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
in
d
icate
s
th
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
f
l
o
w
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
in
d
icate
s
h
o
w
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
is
ar
r
an
g
ed
in
p
h
ases
,
s
tar
tin
g
with
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
en
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
,
s
y
s
tem
s
izin
g
,
s
im
u
latio
n
,
r
esu
lt
co
m
p
ilatio
n
,
an
d
a
n
aly
s
is
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
o
b
jec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
m
in
im
izin
g
L
C
OE
,
en
h
a
n
cin
g
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
o
b
tain
i
n
g
th
e
o
p
tim
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
)
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
p
ap
e
r
is
ar
r
an
g
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws:
Sectio
n
2
p
r
e
s
en
ts
th
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
as
an
o
v
e
r
v
iew
with
th
e
aim
o
f
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
th
e
u
n
d
er
l
y
in
g
wea
th
er
p
a
r
am
eter
s
.
Sectio
n
3
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
(
l
o
ad
d
em
an
d
a
n
d
clim
ato
lo
g
ical
d
ata)
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
zo
n
e.
Sectio
n
4
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
an
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
m
icr
o
g
r
id
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
.
Sectio
n
5
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
elin
g
f
o
r
m
u
las
f
o
r
a
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
858
-
879
860
m
icr
o
g
r
id
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
d
iesel
g
en
er
ato
r
s
(
D
g
e
n
)
an
d
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
in
co
n
ju
n
ct
io
n
with
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Sectio
n
6
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
em
p
l
o
y
s
a
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
y
co
n
t
r
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
tili
zin
g
r
u
le
-
b
ased
e
n
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
m
an
ag
in
g
p
o
wer
f
lo
w.
Sectio
n
7
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
with
its
co
n
s
tr
ain
t.
Sectio
n
8
d
escr
ib
e
s
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
GW
O)
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
an
d
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
i
n
g
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
am
o
n
g
f
o
u
r
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
Sectio
n
9
p
r
esen
ts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
GW
O)
with
its
co
u
n
ter
p
a
r
ts
(
AL
O,
PS
O,
an
d
C
SA)
.
Sectio
n
1
0
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
tech
n
ical
ju
s
tific
ati
o
n
o
f
c
h
o
o
s
in
g
GW
O
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
.
Fin
ally
,
s
ec
tio
n
1
1
,
as
a
co
n
clu
s
iv
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
p
ap
e
r
,
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
r
esear
ch
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
,
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
an
d
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
f
o
r
th
e
r
esear
ch
ar
ea
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
A
s
y
s
tem
atic
o
v
e
r
v
i
ew
o
f
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
elin
g
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
b
jectiv
es
2.
CASE
S
T
UD
Y
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
ca
p
ital
city
o
f
I
r
aq
(
B
ag
h
d
ad
)
,
s
itu
ated
ce
n
tr
ally
at
a
latitu
d
e
o
f
3
3
.
3
1
5
2
°
N
an
d
a
lo
n
g
itu
d
e
o
f
4
4
.
3
6
6
1
°
E
.
T
h
is
co
u
n
tr
y
is
lo
ca
ted
in
th
e
ME
NA
r
eg
io
n
(
Mid
d
le
E
ast
an
d
No
r
th
Af
r
ica)
.
T
h
e
d
aily
av
er
a
g
e
g
l
o
b
al
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
in
I
r
aq
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
r
em
ar
k
ab
le
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
v
ar
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
v
al
u
e
is
s
h
o
wn
in
th
e
d
eser
t
ar
ea
s
an
d
west
er
n
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
wh
ile
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
an
d
s
o
u
th
er
n
p
ar
ts
ex
h
ib
it
v
alu
es
b
etwe
en
4
7
5
0
an
d
5
0
0
0
W
h
/m
²/d
ay
.
Stu
d
ies
in
d
icate
th
at
B
ag
h
d
a
d
r
ec
ei
v
es
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
R
u
le
-
b
a
s
ed
e
n
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t str
a
teg
ies fo
r
a
h
yb
r
id
micro
g
r
id
u
s
in
g
…
(
S
a
r
mid
S
h
a
kir A
b
d
u
ls
a
tta
r
)
861
3
,
0
0
0
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
ea
ch
y
ea
r
.
T
h
e
m
o
n
th
ly
a
v
er
ag
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
s
ar
e
4
.
3
m
/s
i
n
B
ag
h
d
a
d
,
4
.
3
m
/s
in
Ker
b
ela,
3
.
8
m
/s
in
T
ik
r
it,
2
.
8
m
/s
in
Diwan
iy
a,
a
n
d
2
.
4
m
/s
in
Kir
k
u
k
,
as
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
b
y
m
eteo
r
o
lo
g
is
ts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
n
o
r
m
al
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
ite
h
as
v
ar
ied
b
etwe
en
5
.
4
an
d
5
.
5
k
W
h
/m
²
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ea
s
o
n
s
:
win
ter
,
s
p
r
in
g
,
s
u
m
m
er
,
an
d
a
u
tu
m
n
.
T
h
e
h
o
u
r
ly
d
ata
f
o
r
an
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
y
ea
r
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
llected
,
wh
ic
h
i
n
clu
d
e
th
e
am
b
ien
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
(
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
8
t
o
5
1
°C
)
,
win
d
s
p
ee
d
(
v
a
r
y
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
to
1
0
m
/s
)
,
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
i
an
ce
(
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
5
.
1
to
7
k
W
h
/m
²/d
ay
)
,
a
n
d
l
o
ad
d
em
an
d
(
v
a
r
y
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
to
7
k
W
/d
ay
)
.
T
h
e
d
ata
was
ac
q
u
ir
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
R
en
ewa
b
le
E
n
er
g
y
R
esear
ch
C
en
tr
e
(
R
E
R
C
)
in
I
r
aq
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
s
o
lar
an
d
win
d
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
to
m
ee
t
th
e
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
.
T
h
e
s
t
o
r
ag
e
b
atter
y
b
an
k
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
t
o
ad
d
r
ess
clo
u
d
y
d
ay
s
,
s
u
ch
as
o
v
er
ca
s
t
o
r
u
n
f
av
o
r
ab
le
wea
th
er
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
o
f
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
lo
ad
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
f
o
r
v
a
r
io
u
s
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
h
as b
ee
n
attain
ed
v
ia
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
.
3.
DATA CO
L
L
E
C
T
I
O
N
I
r
aq
h
as
an
ab
u
n
d
a
n
ce
o
f
r
en
e
wab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
m
o
s
tly
s
o
lar
an
d
win
d
en
e
r
g
y
.
T
h
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
is
ev
alu
ated
f
o
r
ten
r
esid
en
tial
h
o
u
s
es
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
th
e
u
tili
ty
g
r
id
i
n
B
ag
h
d
ad
,
I
r
a
q
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
s
th
e
l
o
a
d
d
em
an
d
an
d
clim
ato
lo
g
ical
d
a
ta
in
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
eq
u
atio
n
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
g
en
er
ated
p
o
wer
th
at
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
o
r
th
e
wh
o
le
y
ea
r
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
h
as
b
ee
n
m
o
d
elled
u
s
in
g
ac
tu
al
m
etr
o
lo
g
ical
d
ata.
T
h
ese
d
ata
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
ev
er
y
s
in
g
le
h
o
u
r
f
o
r
th
e
e
n
tire
y
ea
r
(
0
1
/0
1
/2
0
2
3
to
3
1
/1
2
/2
0
2
3
)
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
ese
d
ata
wer
e
co
llected
f
r
o
m
a
g
r
o
u
n
d
-
b
ased
m
eteo
r
o
lo
g
ical
s
tatio
n
(
Dav
is
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
Van
tag
e
Pro
2
)
,
wh
ich
was in
s
talled
at
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Scien
ce
a
n
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
ates
at
3
3
.
2
7
7
1
9
3
latitu
d
e
an
d
4
4
.
3
8
8
1
1
3
lo
n
g
itu
d
e)
.
I
t
h
as
a
p
y
r
an
o
m
eter
,
an
an
em
o
m
eter
,
an
d
a
th
er
m
o
m
eter
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
c
e,
win
d
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
am
b
ien
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
ely
.
Fig
u
r
es
3
,
4
,
an
d
5
illu
s
t
r
ate
th
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
r
ep
r
esen
tati
o
n
o
f
h
o
u
r
ly
d
ata
o
f
win
d
s
p
ee
d
,
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
,
a
n
d
am
b
ie
n
t te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
r
esp
e
ctiv
ely
.
E
n
er
g
y
d
em
a
n
d
h
as
b
ee
n
co
ll
ec
ted
an
d
h
o
u
r
ly
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
f
r
o
m
lo
ca
l
m
eter
s
(
in
s
talled
b
y
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
lectr
icity
)
in
th
e
r
esid
e
n
tial
h
o
u
s
e.
T
h
e
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
tep
s
u
s
ed
lin
ea
r
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
to
im
p
u
te
m
is
s
in
g
d
ata
p
o
in
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
d
ata
wer
e
class
if
ied
in
to
s
ea
s
o
n
al
lo
ad
v
ar
iatio
n
in
2
0
2
3
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
.
T
ab
le
2
in
clu
d
es
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
d
aily
l
o
ad
,
e
n
er
g
y
d
e
m
an
d
,
an
d
m
a
x
im
u
m
d
aily
lo
ad
f
o
r
ea
c
h
s
ea
s
o
n
.
T
h
e
lo
a
d
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
r
e
g
io
n
is
p
r
ed
icate
d
o
n
s
ea
s
o
n
al
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
:
s
u
m
m
er
(
J
u
n
e,
J
u
ly
,
Au
g
u
s
t)
,
a
u
tu
m
n
(
Sep
tem
b
er
,
Octo
b
e
r
,
No
v
em
b
er
)
,
w
in
ter
(
Dec
em
b
er
,
J
an
u
ar
y
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
)
,
a
n
d
s
p
r
in
g
(
Ma
r
ch
,
Ap
r
il,
Ma
y
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
d
ep
icts
th
e
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
o
f
all
s
ea
s
o
n
s
.
Data
an
aly
s
is
is
e
s
s
en
tial
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
iv
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
u
s
er
lo
ad
n
ee
d
s
f
r
o
m
v
a
r
io
u
s
r
en
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b
le
en
e
r
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y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
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m
m
er
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
ea
k
l
o
ad
d
em
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n
d
ac
r
o
s
s
all
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ea
s
o
n
s
an
d
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
g
r
ea
test
s
en
s
itiv
ity
to
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o
u
r
ly
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l
u
ctu
atio
n
s
.
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n
th
e
ea
r
ly
m
o
r
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in
g
s
(
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–
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0
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am
)
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er
v
e
a
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e
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in
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wh
ich
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d
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d
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e
to
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e
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ctio
n
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am
b
ien
t
tem
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er
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e,
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ec
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at
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p
m
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e
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d
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g
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f
f
th
e
co
o
lin
g
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y
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tem
s
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s
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g
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eir
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k
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lef
t
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r
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g
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ter
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m
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,
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m
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ativ
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ig
h
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d
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n
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o
u
s
ly
in
cr
ea
s
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g
d
em
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le,
in
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icatin
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at
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p
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e
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e
in
cr
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e
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m
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er
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e,
tu
r
n
in
g
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n
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e
ap
p
lian
ce
s
,
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d
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n
tin
u
o
u
s
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o
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g
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ad
s
.
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ter
1
0
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0
p
m
,
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e
d
em
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g
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ad
u
ally
d
ec
r
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e
to
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e
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o
lin
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s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
d
em
a
n
d
le
v
els
in
th
e
win
ter
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
ile
ar
e
m
o
d
er
ate
to
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ig
h
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d
clea
r
ly
v
ar
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
ay
.
T
h
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
o
f
d
em
a
n
d
s
f
o
llo
ws
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
t
h
e
s
am
e
v
ar
ian
ce
in
s
u
m
m
er
w
ith
lo
wer
d
em
an
d
s
.
Sp
r
in
g
an
d
a
u
tu
m
n
h
av
e
th
e
s
m
o
o
th
est we
ath
er
v
ar
ian
ce
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
tab
le
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e,
th
er
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y
r
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ltin
g
i
n
th
e
lo
west
lo
ad
d
em
a
n
d
.
D
u
r
in
g
th
ese
two
s
ea
s
o
n
s
,
th
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
o
f
d
em
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ile
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h
ib
its
th
e
s
am
e
v
ar
ian
ce
in
W
in
ter
d
u
e
to
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tili
zin
g
to
th
e
h
ea
tin
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
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h
ile
in
a
u
tu
m
n
th
e
d
em
an
d
r
ed
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ce
s
to
a
m
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im
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m
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s
u
c
h
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t 1
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at
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a
d
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e
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o
f
t
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u
r
e
3
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al
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ata
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r
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ee
d
in
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p
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u
r
e
4
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u
r
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5
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ata
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t te
m
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er
atu
r
e
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n
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ag
h
d
a
d
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r
aq
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Daily
lo
a
d
p
r
o
f
ile
f
o
r
a
r
esid
en
tial h
o
u
s
e
in
B
ag
h
d
ad
,
I
r
a
q
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ab
le
2
.
Seaso
n
al
lo
a
d
v
ar
iati
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
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ea
r
(
2
0
2
3
)
in
B
ag
h
d
ad
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r
a
q
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e
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n
s
A
v
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d
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o
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d
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k
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6
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8
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4.
DE
S
I
G
N
O
F
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
S
E
D
M
I
CRO
G
RI
D
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
m
icr
o
g
r
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o
p
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atio
n
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
p
lan
n
in
g
,
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
c
o
m
p
r
is
es
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
(
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
a
n
d
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es),
b
atter
y
s
to
r
ag
e,
d
iesel g
en
e
r
ato
r
s
,
an
d
th
e
AC
r
esid
en
tial lo
ad
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
th
e
u
tili
ty
g
r
id
.
T
h
is
f
ig
u
r
e
d
ep
icts
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
icr
o
g
r
id
d
esig
n
ed
to
m
ee
t
th
e
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
r
esid
en
tial
u
n
its
.
An
AC
-
to
-
DC
in
v
er
ter
lin
k
s
a
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e,
wh
ile
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
ay
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
v
ia
a
DC
-
to
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
b
atter
y
b
an
k
is
lin
k
ed
v
ia
a
b
ilater
al
DC
-
to
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
p
o
wer
b
etwe
en
AC
an
d
DC
.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
ch
a
r
g
e
r
co
llab
o
r
ate
to
co
o
r
d
in
ate
th
e
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
to
an
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
atter
y
b
an
k
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
it
r
eg
u
lates
th
e
av
ailab
le
en
er
g
y
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
an
E
MS
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
5.
M
O
DE
L
I
NG
AN
D
P
ARA
M
E
T
E
RS O
F
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
I
CRO
G
R
I
D
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
m
ee
t
t
h
e
d
e
m
an
d
o
f
th
e
r
esid
en
tial
lo
ad
s
in
I
r
a
q
,
as
in
d
icate
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
M
o
d
elin
g
is
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
eter
m
in
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es,
v
ar
iab
les,
an
d
lim
itatio
n
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
c
en
ar
io
s
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
p
ap
e
r
s
h
av
e
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
m
ath
em
atica
l m
o
d
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g
f
o
r
m
u
las f
o
r
a
g
r
id
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co
n
n
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ted
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y
s
tem
em
p
lo
y
in
g
D
g
en
in
co
n
j
u
n
c
tio
n
with
r
en
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b
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
ed
f
o
r
m
u
las
o
f
th
e
R
E
Ss
ar
e
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
u
s
ed
b
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
in
clu
d
e
all
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
R
u
le
-
b
a
s
ed
e
n
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t str
a
teg
ies fo
r
a
h
yb
r
id
micro
g
r
id
u
s
in
g
…
(
S
a
r
mid
S
h
a
kir A
b
d
u
ls
a
tta
r
)
863
5
.
1
.
P
ho
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
s
y
s
t
em
Var
io
u
s
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
els
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
[
2
2
]
-
[
2
5
]
to
co
m
p
u
te
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
o
f
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
p
r
ed
icted
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
PV
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
m
u
s
t
u
s
e
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
'
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
to
g
eth
er
(
s
ee
T
ab
le
3
)
with
ti
m
e
-
s
er
ies
d
ata
o
n
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
am
b
ien
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
[
2
6
]
-
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
eq
u
atio
n
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
24
]
,
[
2
5
]
,
[3
1
]
an
d
s
h
o
wn
in
(
1
)
to
ascer
tain
th
e
an
ticip
ated
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
th
e
PV sy
s
tem
.
_
=
_
×
G
(
t
)
1000
×
[
1
+
(
−
_
)
]
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
_
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
le
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
in
watts
(
W
)
;
_
is
th
e
r
ated
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
p
h
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to
v
o
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m
o
d
u
le
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
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ar
d
test
co
n
d
itio
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s
(
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m
ea
s
u
r
ed
i
n
watts
(
W
)
;
G
(
t
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
h
o
u
r
ly
s
o
lar
i
r
r
ad
ian
ce
d
ata
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
wa
tts
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er
s
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u
ar
e
m
eter
(
W
/m
²)
;
s
p
ec
if
y
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
f
th
e
s
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lar
m
o
d
u
le,
wh
ich
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−
3
.
6
×1
0
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1
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;
an
d
_
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e
p
r
esen
ts
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ce
l
l
tem
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er
atu
r
e
u
n
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e
r
s
tan
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ar
d
te
s
t
co
n
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itio
n
s
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ty
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ically
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li
s
h
ed
at
2
5
°C
.
d
en
o
tes
th
e
ce
ll
tem
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er
atu
r
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in
d
eg
r
ee
s
C
elsi
u
s
(
°
C
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,
ca
lcu
lab
le
b
y
(
2
)
[2
4
]
-
[
2
6
]
,
[
3
1
]
,
[3
2
]
.
=
+
×
T
−
20
800
(
2
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d
en
o
tes
t
h
e
am
b
ien
t
tem
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er
at
u
r
e
in
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eg
r
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C
elsi
u
s
(
°C
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,
d
er
iv
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r
o
m
tim
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s
er
ies
d
ata,
T
d
en
o
tes
th
e
n
o
m
in
al
o
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atin
g
ce
ll
tem
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atu
r
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in
d
eg
r
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C
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s
(
°C
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PV
m
an
u
f
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tu
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s
s
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ec
if
y
th
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T
v
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T
h
e
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ce
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b
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h
o
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an
els
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_
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in
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is
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eter
m
in
ed
b
y
m
u
lt
ip
ly
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g
th
e
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u
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t
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wer
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f
th
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h
o
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v
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o
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le
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_
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y
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to
tal
n
u
m
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er
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f
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h
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to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
les
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
(
)
as d
ep
icted
in
(
3
)
[2
5
]
,
[
26
]
.
_
=
×
_
(
3
)
T
ab
le
3
.
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
a
n
d
tech
n
i
ca
l sp
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
s
o
lar
p
h
o
t
o
v
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ltaic
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tem
C
o
m
p
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n
t
s
S
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c
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t
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V
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e
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n
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s
S
o
l
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r
p
h
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l
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c
[
2
6
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[
3
0
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S
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r
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r
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3
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20
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3
5
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C
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C
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Y
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r
s
$
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u
n
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t
$
/
u
n
i
t
$
/
k
W
h
/
y
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a
r
5
.
2
.
Wind
po
wer
s
y
s
t
em
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
g
en
er
ato
r
is
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e,
wh
ich
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
te
n
u
s
ed
g
lo
b
ally
.
I
t
ca
n
h
ar
n
ess
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
win
d
en
er
g
y
a
v
ailab
le
d
u
r
in
g
d
a
y
h
o
u
r
s
a
n
d
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
it
in
to
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
.
W
in
d
tu
r
b
in
es
ar
e
cla
s
s
if
ied
in
to
two
ca
teg
o
r
ies:
v
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tical
-
ax
is
tu
r
b
in
es
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d
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
-
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r
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n
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T
h
e
h
o
r
izo
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tal
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d
esig
n
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ed
o
m
in
a
n
t
am
o
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g
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n
tem
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o
r
ar
y
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o
m
m
er
cial
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d
tu
r
b
in
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e
b
lad
es
s
p
in
p
ar
allel
to
th
e
win
d
f
lo
w.
T
h
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
th
e
s
e
tu
r
b
in
es
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
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f
ic
ien
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,
r
ed
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ce
d
c
u
t
-
in
win
d
s
p
ee
d
s
,
an
d
lo
wer
c
o
s
ts
p
er
k
W
h
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
(
4
)
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
t
u
r
b
in
es
[
2
6
]
,
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
tec
h
n
ical
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
o
f
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es in
T
ab
le
4
.
=
{
0
×
(
t
)
−
−
−
−
(
)
≤
−
(
)
≥
−
−
<
(
)
<
<
(
)
<
−
(
4
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
g
en
er
ated
b
y
a
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
in
k
W
an
d
d
en
o
tes
th
e
r
ated
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
in
watts
(
W
)
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
d
en
o
tes
th
e
r
ated
win
d
s
p
ee
d
in
m
/s
,
−
s
ig
n
if
ies
th
e
lo
w
cu
t
-
in
s
p
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in
m
/s
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wh
e
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ea
s
−
in
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icat
es
th
e
h
ig
h
cu
t
-
o
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t
s
p
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d
i
n
m
/s
,
(
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d
ep
icts
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
at
t
u
r
b
in
e
h
u
b
h
eig
h
t
in
m
/s
.
T
h
e
to
tal
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es
(
)
in
k
W
ca
n
b
e
ca
l
cu
lated
b
y
m
u
ltip
ly
in
g
with
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
s
talled
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
s
(
)
as
illu
s
tr
ated
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
(
5
)
[
2
6
]
,
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
=
×
(
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
858
-
879
864
As
s
h
o
wn
in
(
6
)
,
th
e
g
en
er
at
ed
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es
m
ay
b
e
co
m
p
u
ted
m
o
r
e
ac
c
u
r
ately
b
y
tak
in
g
h
u
b
h
eig
h
t
(
ℎ
)
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
[
3
4
]
.
He
r
e,
ℎ
is
d
ef
in
ed
a
s
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
alti
tu
d
e
an
d
win
d
v
elo
city
in
m
.
d
en
o
tes
th
e
r
at
ed
v
elo
city
o
f
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
in
m
/s
,
wh
ile
is
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
win
d
f
lo
w
in
(
m
/s
)
.
An
a
n
em
o
m
eter
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
em
at
a
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
h
eig
h
t
o
f
ℎ
in
m
,
wh
ile
th
e
h
u
b
h
eig
h
t
i
s
in
d
icate
d
b
y
ℎ
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
f
r
ictio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
is
d
en
o
t
ed
b
y
∗
.
T
h
is
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
γ
*
)
v
ar
ies
am
o
n
g
lo
ca
tio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
to
p
o
l
o
g
ical
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
at
r
e
g
io
n
,
wh
i
ch
is
u
s
ed
as
0
.
1
i
n
a
f
lat
f
ield
an
d
0
.
2
5
in
a
n
o
n
-
f
lat
f
ield
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
p
o
wer
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
cu
r
v
e
o
f
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e.
=
×
(
ℎ
ℎ
⁄
)
∗
(
6
)
T
ab
le
4
.
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
a
n
d
tech
n
i
ca
l sp
ec
if
icatio
n
s
f
o
r
win
d
t
u
r
b
in
es
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
V
a
l
u
e
s
U
n
i
t
s
W
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
[
3
5
]
,
[
3
6
]
Tu
r
b
i
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
C
u
t
-
i
n
s
p
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e
d
(
−
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C
u
t
-
o
u
t
sp
e
e
d
(
−
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R
a
t
e
S
p
e
e
d
(
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B
l
a
d
e
s
d
i
a
met
e
r
Li
f
e
t
i
me
I
n
v
e
st
m
e
n
t
c
o
s
t
R
e
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t
c
o
s
t
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
ma
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
c
o
s
t
1
2
40
9
2
.
4
20
2
3
0
0
1
5
0
0
23
kW
m/
s
m/
s
m/
s
m
Y
e
a
r
s
$
/
u
n
i
t
$
/
u
n
i
t
$
/
k
W
h
/
y
e
a
r
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
e
g
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
id
ea
l p
o
wer
cu
r
v
e
an
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
[3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
5
.
3
.
B
a
t
t
er
y
ener
g
y
s
t
o
ra
g
e
s
y
s
t
em
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
R
E
R
s
(
s
o
lar
an
d
win
d
e
n
er
g
y
)
th
at
is
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
h
as
to
b
e
s
to
r
ed
in
a
b
atter
y
b
an
k
.
I
t
is
u
tili
ze
d
as
b
ac
k
u
p
e
n
er
g
y
th
at
s
u
p
p
lies
h
o
m
es
o
n
clo
u
d
y
d
ay
s
.
I
n
(
7
)
is
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
b
atter
y
s
to
r
ag
e
ca
p
ac
ity
in
am
p
er
e
-
h
o
u
r
s
(
Ah
)
[
6
]
b
y
d
e
p
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
tech
n
ical
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
in
T
ab
le
5
.
Her
e,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
ated
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
r
ec
h
a
r
g
ea
b
le
b
atter
y
in
Ah
,
a
n
d
auto
d
e
n
o
tes
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
d
ay
s
d
ev
o
id
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
(
au
to
n
o
m
y
d
a
y
s
,
wh
ich
is
3
-
5
d
ay
s
)
.
d
en
o
tes
th
e
m
ea
n
d
aily
lo
ad
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
in
k
W
,
is
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atin
g
v
o
ltag
e
(
4
8
v
o
l
ts
)
,
in
d
icate
s
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
er
m
is
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h
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p
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d
if
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er
en
t
p
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s
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m
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r
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[
4
3
]
.
R
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MS
ad
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s
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2
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Fig
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Af
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