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I
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]
,
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
am
e
(
SR
F)
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
an
d
s
elf
-
tu
n
in
g
f
ilter
(
STF)
[
1
6
]
-
[
1
8
]
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
n
iq
u
e
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
wea
k
n
ess
es
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
s
p
ee
d
,
a
n
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
g
r
i
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
h
av
e
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
cr
itically
co
n
t
r
asted
in
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
PLL
,
Z
C
D,
a
n
d
u
n
it
v
ec
to
r
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
th
eir
r
elativ
ely
s
i
m
p
le
an
d
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es,
b
u
t
t
h
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
is
u
s
u
ally
r
estricte
d
to
co
n
d
itio
n
s
wh
er
e
th
e
g
r
id
is
b
alan
ce
d
,
s
tab
le,
an
d
h
as a
p
u
r
ely
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
I
f
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
g
r
id
is
h
av
in
g
d
is
to
r
tio
n
o
r
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
is
s
u
es,
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
p
o
ten
tially
lo
s
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
an
d
m
ay
b
ec
o
m
e
u
n
r
eli
ab
le
[
7
]
,
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
SR
F
m
eth
o
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
d
y
n
am
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
b
u
t
it
u
s
u
ally
d
ep
e
n
d
s
on
a
h
eu
r
is
tically
tu
n
ed
lo
w
-
p
ass
f
ilter
(
L
PF
)
to
o
b
tain
ac
cu
r
ate
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
d
i
f
f
icu
lt
wh
en
w
o
r
k
in
g
u
n
d
er
s
ev
e
r
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
[
7
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Similar
ly
,
t
h
e
ADAL
I
NE
m
eth
o
d
also
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
wel
l w
h
e
n
th
e
el
ec
tr
ical
g
r
id
is
b
alan
ce
d
an
d
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
,
b
u
t
u
s
u
ally
d
eg
r
ad
es
wh
en
s
u
b
jecte
d
t
o
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
a
n
d
u
n
b
alan
ce
is
s
u
es.
E
v
en
if
its
lear
n
in
g
r
at
e
is
ca
r
ef
u
lly
t
u
n
ed
,
b
u
t
with
o
u
t
a
p
r
e
-
f
ilter
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
th
at
ca
n
is
o
late
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
co
m
p
o
n
en
t,
th
e
ADAL
I
NE
m
eth
o
d
o
f
ten
f
ails
in
d
is
to
r
ted
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
7
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
Fo
r
tu
n
ately
,
with
STF
m
eth
o
d
s
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
g
r
id
alig
n
m
e
n
t
u
n
d
er
h
ig
h
ly
d
is
to
r
ted
an
d
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
[
1
6
]
-
[
1
8
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
STF
m
et
h
o
d
s
is
s
en
s
itiv
e
to
ga
in
p
ar
a
m
eter
tu
n
in
g
,
wh
er
e
th
e
tu
n
in
g
is
o
f
ten
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
h
eu
r
is
tically
.
I
t
is
also
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
to
n
o
te
th
at
STF
alo
n
e
ca
n
n
o
t g
e
n
er
ate
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
p
h
ase
b
ec
au
s
e
it is
b
asically
a
p
r
e
-
f
ilter
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
to
elim
in
ate
u
n
wan
ted
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
.
T
o
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
d
esire
d
p
h
ase,
f
u
r
th
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
is
s
till
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
STF
i
s
u
s
u
ally
u
s
ed
in
c
o
n
ju
n
ctio
n
wi
th
o
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as u
n
it
v
ec
to
r
o
r
SR
F m
eth
o
d
s
[
1
5
]
-
[
1
8
]
.
R
ec
en
tly
,
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
n
o
tch
f
ilter
(
ANF)
co
n
ce
p
t
h
as
b
e
en
r
ep
o
r
ted
to
s
h
o
w
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
ten
tial
in
is
o
latin
g
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
g
r
id
s
ig
n
als,
an
d
t
h
is
f
ea
tu
r
e
is
h
ig
h
ly
b
en
ef
icia
l
to
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
SAPF
s
[
1
9
]
-
[
2
1
]
.
Owin
g
to
its
ad
ap
tiv
e
n
atu
r
e
,
a
ty
p
ical
ANF
ca
n
d
y
n
am
ically
tr
ac
k
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
v
ar
iatio
n
s
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
s
u
p
p
r
ess
u
n
wan
ted
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
C
o
n
ce
p
tu
ally
,
t
h
is
ab
ilit
y
m
a
k
es th
e
ANF
ab
le
to
d
er
iv
e
th
e
d
esire
d
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
p
h
ase
in
ter
n
ally
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
ANF
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
a
d
v
an
tag
e
o
u
s
in
n
o
n
-
id
ea
l
g
r
id
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
wh
e
r
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
f
ilter
in
g
a
n
d
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izat
io
n
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
te
n
f
ac
e
c
h
allen
g
es.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
e
is
ex
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
o
n
u
s
in
g
ANF
as
a
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
u
n
it,
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
lim
ited
to
b
alan
ce
d
an
d
d
is
to
r
tio
n
-
f
r
ee
g
r
id
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
1
9
]
-
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
f
u
r
th
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
in
to
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
d
is
to
r
ted
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
is
ess
en
tial to
f
u
lly
g
a
u
g
e
its
ab
ilit
ies.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
g
ap
,
th
is
wo
r
k
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
ANF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
m
o
d
u
le
th
at
en
s
u
r
es
ac
cu
r
ate
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
SAPF
with
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
ANF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
is
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
to
b
e
ea
s
ily
ad
ap
tab
le
to
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
tr
o
l
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
SAPF
s
.
Nex
t,
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
m
eth
o
d
,
m
u
lti
p
le
test
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
f
ea
tu
r
in
g
c
h
allen
g
in
g
g
r
id
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
ec
tifie
r
lo
ad
s
ar
e
s
im
u
lated
in
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
p
latf
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
h
av
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
ass
o
ciate
d
SAPF
ac
h
iev
es
s
u
p
er
io
r
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
m
itig
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
wh
ich
r
esu
lts
in
l
o
wer
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD)
,
r
e
d
u
ce
d
p
h
ase
er
r
o
r
,
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
o
we
r
f
ac
to
r
as
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
STF
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
as
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
alter
n
a
tiv
e
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
iz
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
SAPF
th
at
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
o
wer
q
u
alit
y
i
n
m
o
d
er
n
elec
tr
ical
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
2.
O
VE
RA
L
L
C
I
RCU
I
T
CO
N
NE
C
T
I
O
N
AND
CO
N
T
RO
L
AL
G
O
RI
T
H
M
S
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
v
er
all
cir
cu
it
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
a
ty
p
ical
S
APF
an
d
th
e
ass
o
ciate
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tag
es
in
its
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
As
s
h
o
wn
,
th
e
S
APF
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
p
ar
allel
w
ith
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
at
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
p
o
in
t
(
PC
C
)
,
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
o
we
r
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
th
e
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
-
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
lo
ad
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
y
(
1
)
.
=
−
+
=
(
+
)
−
+
=
+
(
−
)
+
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
d
a
p
tive
n
o
tch
filt
er:
A
n
a
lter
n
a
tive
s
yn
ch
r
o
n
iz
er fo
r
effec
ti
ve
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
a
ctive
…
(
Y
a
p
Ho
o
n
)
1223
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
en
t,
is
th
e
lo
ad
cu
r
r
e
n
t
co
m
p
r
i
s
in
g
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
is
th
e
m
it
ig
atio
n
cu
r
r
en
t
g
en
er
ated
b
y
SAPF
,
an
d
is
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ch
ar
g
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t.
Fo
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
m
i
tig
atio
n
,
th
e
SAP
F
m
u
s
t
in
ject
a
m
itig
atio
n
cu
r
r
en
t
eq
u
al
in
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
an
d
o
p
p
o
s
ite
in
p
h
ase
to
th
e
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
,
s
u
c
h
th
at
=
.
W
h
en
th
is
co
n
d
itio
n
is
m
et,
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
n
ten
t in
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
id
e
is
el
im
in
ated
,
an
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
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1
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Ma
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: (
a)
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SYNCH
RO
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Fo
r
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r
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h
e
p
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ly
estab
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et
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ased
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s
elf
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g
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ilter
(
STF)
co
n
ce
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t
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wh
o
s
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c
o
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tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ctu
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e
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d
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ath
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atica
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lati
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e
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o
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g
h
ly
d
etailed
in
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
5
]
,
is
r
e
-
im
p
lem
en
ted
a
n
d
ev
al
u
a
ted
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
s
am
e
test
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
No
te
th
at
s
in
ce
th
e
STF
co
n
ce
p
t
is
alr
ea
d
y
well
-
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
in
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e,
it
is
n
o
t
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
is
wo
r
k
t
o
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o
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d
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ed
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n
d
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cy
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n
th
is
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k
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m
ain
v
e
r
if
icatio
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p
r
o
ce
s
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n
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id
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ed
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o
ev
alu
at
e
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e
ef
f
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ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
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s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ize
r
: (
1
)
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
p
h
ase
tr
ac
k
in
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
,
a
n
d
(
2
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e
v
alu
atin
g
th
e
o
v
er
all
m
itig
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er
f
o
r
m
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ce
o
f
th
e
SAPF
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en
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o
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o
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ed
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eth
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d
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T
h
e
p
h
ase
tr
ac
k
in
g
r
esu
lts
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
wh
ile
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
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ce
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etr
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cs
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e
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u
m
m
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ized
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T
ab
le
2
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f
in
d
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g
r
ap
h
ically
p
r
esen
ted
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n
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
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ally
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n
aly
ze
v
o
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r
r
en
t
d
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ar
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o
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d
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u
ality
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tem
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n
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itio
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o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
SAPF
o
p
er
atio
n
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2
0
8
8
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4
I
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&
Dr
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s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
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,
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.
2
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u
n
e
20
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2
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in
Fig
u
r
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6
,
d
e
m
o
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atin
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e
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5
1
9
s
tan
d
a
r
d
[
2
6
]
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
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o
n
o
f
p
h
as
e
(
r
ad
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o
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tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
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-
b
ased
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d
STF
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b
ased
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y
n
ch
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izer
s
wh
en
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
a
s
u
p
p
ly
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o
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with
(
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1
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2
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ar
m
o
n
ic
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o
n
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d
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1
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8
3
d
B
n
o
is
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le
v
el
T
ab
le
2
.
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v
alu
atio
n
o
f
k
e
y
m
e
tr
ics f
o
r
SAPF
in
teg
r
ated
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
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b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
STF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
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izer
Te
st
C
a
se
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D
(
%)
P
h
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se
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°
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P
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w
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r
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[
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[
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C
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1
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6
5
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7
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1
5
First,
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
h
ase
-
tr
ac
k
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
two
test
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
:
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
with
a
T
HD
o
f
1
9
.
9
2
%,
an
d
a
d
d
itiv
e
n
o
is
e
with
an
SNR
o
f
1
9
.
8
3
d
B
.
T
h
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
a
r
e
u
s
ed
to
e
x
am
in
e
h
o
w
well
ea
ch
m
eth
o
d
m
ai
n
tain
s
ac
cu
r
ate
p
h
ase
esti
m
atio
n
wh
en
co
n
f
r
o
n
ted
with
co
m
p
lex
s
ig
n
al
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
p
h
ase
o
u
tp
u
ts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Do
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
s
et
t
o
b
ec
o
m
e
d
is
to
r
ted
an
d
n
o
is
y
s
tar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
t
=
2
s
o
n
war
d
s
.
Fr
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
it
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
STF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
ex
h
ib
its
h
ig
h
ly
s
tab
le
an
d
r
eliab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
ac
r
o
s
s
all
te
s
ted
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
o
v
er
co
m
in
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
d
is
to
r
tio
n
an
d
n
o
is
e,
as
ex
p
ec
ted
.
Nev
e
r
th
eless
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ize
r
is
also
f
o
u
n
d
to
ac
h
iev
e
n
ea
r
ly
th
e
s
am
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
m
ain
tain
in
g
p
r
ec
is
e
p
h
ase
tr
ac
k
in
g
ev
en
u
n
d
er
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
s
ig
n
al
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
.
T
h
is
clo
s
e
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
a
n
d
its
p
o
ten
tial to
s
er
v
e
as
an
alter
n
ativ
e
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n.
Nex
t,
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izer
is
ex
am
in
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
f
o
u
r
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
SA
PF
m
i
ti
g
atio
n
,
an
d
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
d
ir
ec
tly
co
n
tr
asted
ag
ain
s
t th
e
ex
is
tin
g
STF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
.
As p
r
esen
te
d
i
n
T
ab
le
2
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
it is
o
b
v
io
u
s
th
at
t
h
er
e
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
T
HD
v
alu
es,
p
h
ase
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
,
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
th
e
p
o
wer
f
a
cto
r
af
ter
ac
tiv
atin
g
SAPF
(
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
u
n
co
m
p
en
s
ated
c
o
n
d
itio
n
)
,
wh
ic
h
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
b
o
th
m
eth
o
d
s
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
d
a
p
tive
n
o
tch
filt
er:
A
n
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lter
n
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tive
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yn
ch
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o
n
iz
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r
effec
ti
ve
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…
(
Y
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)
1227
m
an
ag
in
g
t
h
e
m
itig
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n
o
p
er
a
tio
n
o
f
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.
Nev
er
th
eless
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f
r
o
m
a
clo
s
er
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
,
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e
p
r
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o
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ased
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ize
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ca
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e
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an
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
all
t
h
e
test
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
T
HD
v
alu
es
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
ar
e
b
etwe
en
2
.
7
1
%
an
d
2
.
8
2
%,
m
ea
n
wh
ile
,
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
STF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
d
is
p
lay
s
s
lig
h
tly
h
ig
h
er
T
HD
v
al
u
es
b
etwe
en
2
.
9
6
%
an
d
3
.
2
5
%.
A
lo
wer
T
HD
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ase
d
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
is
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
m
in
im
izin
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
a
n
d
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
o
f
b
etter
q
u
ality
,
t
h
u
s
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tin
g
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
es.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
SAPF
in
teg
r
ated
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
,
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
STF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ize
r
,
an
d
with
o
u
t a
n
y
SAPF
co
n
n
ec
ted
(
No
n
e)
,
in
ter
m
s
o
f
(
a)
T
HD
(
%),
(
b
)
p
h
ase
an
g
le
(
°)
,
an
d
(
c
)
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
B
esid
es
th
at,
th
e
p
h
ase
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
is
also
f
o
u
n
d
to
h
av
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
t
h
e
p
h
ase
d
ev
iatio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
is
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
in
th
e
s
m
aller
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
.
2
°
–
0
.
5
°,
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
STF
m
eth
o
d
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
ws
a
s
lig
h
tly
lar
g
er
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
.
4
°
–
0
.
8
°.
T
h
is
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
th
e
s
elec
tiv
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
ANF
,
wh
ich
is
o
lat
es
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
wh
ile
allo
win
g
o
th
e
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
to
p
ass
lar
g
ely
u
n
af
f
ec
ted
,
t
h
er
eb
y
g
r
a
n
tin
g
a
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
p
h
ase
esti
m
atio
n
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
s
m
aller
p
h
ase
d
e
v
iatio
n
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
as
ed
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
is
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
m
itig
atin
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
with
th
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
g
r
id
v
o
lt
ag
e,
wh
ich
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
o
p
tim
al
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
.
B
y
b
ala
n
cin
g
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
,
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
g
ain
p
ar
am
eter
s
h
el
p
to
r
ed
u
ce
e
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
an
d
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
,
th
u
s
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
p
h
ase
tr
ac
k
in
g
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
as
a
co
m
b
in
ed
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
lo
we
r
T
HD
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
p
h
ase
d
if
f
er
en
ce
,
th
e
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
m
e
th
o
d
is
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
to
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
0
.
9
9
9
6
,
wh
ic
h
is
h
ig
h
er
th
an
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
STF
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
(
0
.
9
9
9
4
–
0
.
9
9
9
5
)
.
T
h
is
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ase
d
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
.
As
a
r
e
s
u
lt,
th
e
m
itig
ated
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
e
n
t
b
ec
o
m
es
n
ea
r
l
y
in
-
p
h
ase
with
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e
,
in
d
icatin
g
h
ig
h
l
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
itig
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
t
h
at
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
cu
r
r
e
n
t
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
r
em
ain
n
ea
r
ly
id
en
tic
al,
i.e
.
,
r
an
g
in
g
b
etwe
en
9
4
.
4
8
%
to
9
7
.
2
1
%.
Me
an
wh
ile,
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
SAPF
u
tili
zin
g
eith
er
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
h
as
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
iti
g
ated
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
ev
en
u
n
d
er
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
is
to
r
tio
n
an
d
n
o
is
e
,
with
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
e
f
o
r
m
s
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
m
o
r
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
an
d
n
ea
r
ly
i
n
-
p
h
ase
with
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e.
On
ce
a
g
ain
,
th
is
co
n
f
i
r
m
s
th
at
b
o
th
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
ac
h
iev
ed
th
e
i
n
ten
d
ed
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
m
itig
at
io
n
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
.
I
n
o
th
er
wo
r
d
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
m
itig
a
tio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
o
u
t
c
o
m
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
.
No
te
t
h
at
th
e
ANF
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
is
also
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
h
av
e
a
s
im
p
ler
co
n
tr
o
l stru
ct
u
r
e
,
wh
er
e
it c
an
g
en
e
r
ate
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
p
h
ase
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
,
with
o
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
i
n
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
au
x
iliar
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
u
n
lik
e
STF,
wh
ich
p
r
im
ar
il
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
n
l
y
as
a
p
r
e
-
f
ilter
.
T
h
ese
f
ea
tu
r
es
co
llectiv
ely
estab
lis
h
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
as
a
p
o
te
n
tial
alter
n
ativ
e
f
o
r
SAPF
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
,
u
ltima
tely
d
eliv
er
in
g
a
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
h
ar
m
o
n
ics m
itig
atio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
2
2
1
-
1230
1228
(a
)
(b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Simu
latio
n
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
o
b
tain
ed
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
SAPF
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ize
r
an
d
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
STF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
u
n
d
er
(
a)
C
ase
C
an
d
(
b
)
C
ase
D
s
u
p
p
ly
co
n
d
itio
n
s
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
n
ewly
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
SAPF
,
wh
er
e
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
b
en
c
h
m
ar
k
ed
a
g
ain
s
t
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
S
T
F
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
u
n
d
er
id
ea
l,
d
is
to
r
ted
,
n
o
is
y
an
d
d
is
to
r
ted
-
with
-
n
o
is
e
g
r
id
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
b
y
ac
h
iev
in
g
l
o
wer
T
HD
v
alu
es
(
2
.
7
1
–
2
.
8
2
%)
an
d
p
h
ase
d
ev
iatio
n
(
0
.
2
°
–
0
.
5
°),
a
n
d
alm
o
s
t
u
n
ity
(
0
.
9
9
9
6
)
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
,
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
cu
r
r
en
t
b
etwe
en
9
4
.
4
8
%
an
d
9
7
.
2
1
%.
Un
lik
e
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
STF
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
th
e
d
esire
d
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
p
h
ase
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
r
eliab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
wit
h
o
u
t
a
d
d
itio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
W
ith
ac
cu
r
ate
p
h
ase
tr
ac
k
in
g
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
m
itig
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANF
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izer
h
as
p
r
o
v
en
to
b
e
a
p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g
alter
n
ativ
e
f
o
r
SAPF
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
m
o
d
er
n
elec
tr
ica
l
s
y
s
tem
s
.
No
te
th
at
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
lim
ited
to
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
s
im
u
latio
n
,
an
d
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
p
r
ac
tic
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
d
y
n
am
ic
g
r
id
v
ar
iatio
n
s
an
d
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
l
d
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
,
h
as
n
o
t
y
et
b
ee
n
v
er
if
ied
.
Hen
ce
,
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
ca
n
f
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M
a
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te
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t
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.
d
e
g
re
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a
n
d
is
c
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p
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u
i
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g
t
h
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P
h
.
D
.
(s
in
c
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0
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.
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s
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se
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p
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g
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/
tr
a
n
sf
o
rm
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)
f
o
r
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tr
o
l
sy
ste
m
s
a
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d
m
o
t
o
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d
r
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s
.
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c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
te
d
a
t
e
m
a
i
l:
k
e
n
n
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sa
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k
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il
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c
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m
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iti
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h
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tai
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d
a
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e
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tri
c
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n
s)
in
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0
0
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,
M
.
S
c
.
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
s
in
2
0
0
8
a
n
d
P
h
.
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in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
in
2
0
1
8
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
ARA
(Ui
TM
),
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a
lay
sia
.
S
h
e
is cu
rre
n
tl
y
a
se
n
io
r
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
t
h
e
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
UiT
M
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
a
u
t
h
o
re
d
a
n
d
c
o
a
u
t
h
o
re
d
o
v
e
r
5
0
tec
h
n
ica
l
p
a
p
e
rs
i
n
i
n
d
e
x
e
d
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
ls
a
n
d
c
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
s.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
sim
u
latio
n
,
si
g
n
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l
p
r
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c
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ss
in
g
,
a
n
d
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
S
h
e
is
a
Ce
rti
fied
En
e
rg
y
M
a
n
a
g
e
r,
Ce
rti
fied
P
r
o
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
in
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e
a
su
r
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
Ve
rifi
c
a
ti
o
n
C
P
M
V),
a
n
d
Qu
a
li
fie
d
P
e
rso
n
(QP)
S
EDA
M
a
lay
sia
G
rid
-
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
S
o
la
r
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
s
De
sig
n
.
S
h
e
is
a
lso
a
tt
a
c
h
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d
t
o
in
d
u
str
y
c
o
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
o
n
s
a
s
t
h
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u
b
jec
t
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a
tt
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r
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p
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rt
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M
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f
o
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t
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p
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ic
(P
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sy
ste
m
a
n
d
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n
e
rg
y
a
u
d
it
.
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h
e
a
lso
re
c
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e
d
a
g
o
ld
a
wa
rd
i
n
th
e
e
-
c
o
n
ten
t
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
c
o
m
p
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ti
ti
o
n
(e
-
Co
n
De
v
2
0
1
8
)
a
n
d
a
si
lv
e
r
a
wa
rd
in
t
h
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l,
d
e
sig
n
,
g
a
m
e
s,
in
v
e
n
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
i
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
c
o
m
p
e
ti
ti
o
n
2
0
2
2
(EDG
II
2
0
2
2
)
fo
r
t
h
e
c
o
u
rse
"
Re
n
e
wa
b
le
En
e
rg
y
-
F
rien
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
W
o
rld
”
a
s
a
n
e
d
u
c
a
to
r
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
r
o
f
th
e
c
o
u
rse
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
m
o
re
th
a
n
1
2
0
0
stu
d
e
n
ts
jo
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
u
rse
wo
rl
d
wid
e
fo
r
fre
e
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
siti
z
a
li
h
a
@u
it
m
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
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