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I
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er
e
f
f
icien
cy
with
r
elativ
e
ly
s
m
aller
co
n
v
e
r
ter
ca
p
ac
ity
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
T
h
ese
b
en
ef
its
r
esu
lt
i
n
th
e
DFI
G
b
ein
g
a
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
g
en
er
atio
n
win
d
f
ar
m
s
,
an
d
ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
y
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
co
n
tr
o
l
as
well
as
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
asp
ec
ts
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
o
ten
tial
is
f
u
lly
ca
p
italized
u
p
o
n
.
I
n
s
p
ite
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
b
en
ef
its
o
f
f
er
ed
b
y
DFI
G
-
b
ase
d
W
E
C
S,
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tics
o
f
W
E
C
S,
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
s
to
ch
asti
c
an
d
r
a
p
id
ly
f
lu
ctu
atin
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
win
d
s
p
ee
d
,
m
a
k
e
it
a
h
ar
d
task
f
o
r
MPPT
[
8
]
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
tip
-
s
p
e
ed
-
r
atio
m
eth
o
d
,
o
p
tim
al
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
to
r
q
u
e,
p
o
wer
s
ig
n
al
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
co
n
tr
o
l,
an
d
h
ill
clim
b
s
ea
r
ch
[
9
]
‒
[
1
1
]
ar
e
p
o
p
u
lar
ly
u
s
ed
in
p
r
ac
tice
d
u
e
to
th
eir
s
im
p
licity
an
d
ea
s
y
r
ea
lizatio
n
.
Un
f
o
r
tu
n
ately
,
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
n
o
t
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
in
tr
ac
k
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
d
y
n
am
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
o
r
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
ag
ai
n
s
t
f
ast,
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
win
d
ch
a
n
g
es
an
d
d
is
tu
r
b
ed
o
p
e
r
atin
g
p
o
in
ts
.
T
h
ese
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
n
o
t
o
n
ly
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
en
er
g
y
b
u
t
m
ay
also
ca
u
s
e
u
n
wan
ted
o
s
cillat
i
o
n
s
,
wh
ich
g
r
ea
tly
r
ed
u
ce
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
e
f
f
icien
cy
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
d
is
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es,
a
d
iv
er
s
e
s
et
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
ch
em
es,
s
u
ch
a
s
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
(
ML
)
a
n
d
n
e
u
r
al
n
e
two
r
k
s
(
NN)
[
1
2
]
‒
[
1
4
]
,
b
io
-
i
n
s
p
ir
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
lik
e
g
en
et
ic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
an
d
FLCs
[
1
7
]
,
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
r
ec
e
n
t
y
e
ar
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
i
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
tr
ac
k
in
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
t
h
ey
ar
e
o
f
ten
b
o
u
n
d
b
y
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
ity
,
m
ass
iv
e
d
ata
f
o
r
tr
ai
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
p
r
o
b
lem
s
[
7
]
,
[
1
7
]
i
n
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ab
ly
,
b
io
-
in
s
p
ir
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
m
ay
s
u
f
f
e
r
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
an
d
tu
n
a
b
ilit
y
p
r
o
b
lem
s
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
,
t
h
er
eb
y
m
ak
in
g
th
em
h
ar
d
ly
ap
p
licab
le
to
W
E
C
S
at
lar
g
e
s
ca
les.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
also
ty
p
e
-
1
an
d
ty
p
e
-
2
FLC,
wh
ich
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
f
lex
ib
le
in
r
e
g
u
latin
g
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
th
u
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
s
u
itab
le
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
W
E
C
S
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
er
e
is
s
till
a
s
tr
o
n
g
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t,
ad
a
p
tiv
e,
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
MPP
T
tech
n
iq
u
es
th
at
ca
n
co
p
e
wit
h
p
r
ac
tical
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
ities
an
d
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
in
DFI
G
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
FLCs
h
av
e
p
o
ten
tial;
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
[
2
2
]
r
e
d
u
ce
d
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
s
ize
b
y
4
0
%
with
a
s
en
s
o
r
less
ty
pe
-
1
FLC
f
o
r
D
FIG
s
y
s
tem
s
.
As
a
n
o
th
er
ex
a
m
p
le,
[
2
3
]
in
teg
r
ated
NNs
w
ith
t
ype
-
1
FLC
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
p
o
wer
t
r
an
s
f
er
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e.
W
h
ile
r
esear
ch
s
tu
d
ies
in
v
o
lv
in
g
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
et
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
en
er
ato
r
s
(
PMSGs
)
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
FLCs
[
2
4
]
‒
[
2
6
]
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
p
r
o
m
is
e,
m
an
y
o
f
t
h
em
lack
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
v
alid
atio
n
in
r
e
al
an
d
u
n
ce
r
tain
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
.
T
h
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
FLC
-
b
ased
MPPT
s
ch
em
es
f
o
r
PMSG
-
b
ased
W
E
Ss
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
7
]
with
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
u
n
d
er
s
im
p
lifie
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
s
tep
o
r
lin
ea
r
win
d
p
r
o
f
iles
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
r
ea
lis
tic
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
wh
en
w
i
n
d
s
p
e
e
d
w
i
ll
v
a
r
y
q
u
i
c
k
l
y
,
a
n
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
p
a
r
a
m
e
te
r
s
b
e
co
m
e
t
i
m
e
-
v
a
r
y
i
n
g
,
h
a
s
n
o
t
b
e
e
n
e
s
ta
b
l
is
h
e
d
y
e
t
,
p
o
i
n
t
i
n
g
o
u
t
t
h
e
n
e
c
e
s
s
it
y
f
o
r
r
o
b
u
s
t
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
e
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
n
o
n
-
l
i
n
e
a
r
a
n
d
u
n
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
n
a
tu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
a
n
ew
MPPT
c
o
n
tr
o
l m
eth
o
d
o
f
DFI
G
-
b
ased
W
E
C
S b
ased
o
n
I
T
2
FLC i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
r
ea
l
win
d
p
r
o
f
ile
an
d
s
u
b
jectin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
p
ar
am
eter
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
,
th
u
s
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
an
d
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
v
alid
atio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
e
x
ten
d
s
th
e
estab
lis
h
ed
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
o
f
t
ype
-
1
FLCs
b
y
ex
p
lo
itin
g
th
e
s
u
p
er
io
r
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
-
h
an
d
lin
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
I
T
2
FLC
to
d
ea
l
with
p
ar
am
eter
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
an
d
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ities
p
r
esen
t
in
win
d
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
c
o
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
its
f
u
ll
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
I
T
2
FLC
-
b
ased
MPPT
with
p
ar
am
eter
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
an
d
v
ar
y
in
g
win
d
p
r
o
f
iles
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
FLC
s
ch
em
e
is
th
en
in
v
esti
g
ated
an
d
co
m
p
ar
e
d
with
a
tr
ad
itio
n
al
t
ype
-
1
FL
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
an
o
p
tim
al
to
r
q
u
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
OT
C
)
,
tak
in
g
s
y
s
tem
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ities
,
i.e
.
,
in
er
ti
a,
in
d
u
ctan
ce
s
,
an
d
r
esis
tan
ce
,
q
u
ick
ly
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
r
esu
lts
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
th
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
I
T
2
FL
C
h
as
s
h
o
wn
b
etter
ef
f
icien
cy
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
T
1
FLC
o
n
e,
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
tr
ac
k
in
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
an
d
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
p
o
wer
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
wh
ic
h
g
u
a
r
an
tees
a
r
ea
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
l
u
tio
n
f
o
r
win
d
en
e
r
g
y
r
eso
u
r
c
es.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
i)
Sectio
n
2
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
DFI
G
-
b
ased
W
E
C
S
;
ii)
S
ec
tio
n
3
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
em
p
lo
y
e
d
to
d
esig
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
;
iii)
S
ec
tio
n
4
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
v
ia
d
y
n
am
ic
win
d
p
r
o
f
iles
;
an
d
v
)
C
o
n
clu
d
in
g
r
em
ar
k
s
ar
e
n
o
te
d
in
s
ec
ti
o
n
5
.
2.
SYST
E
M
CO
NF
I
G
URA
T
I
O
N
O
F
WI
ND
E
N
E
RG
Y
C
O
NVERS
I
O
N
SYS
T
E
M
S
Ma
n
y
class
e
s
o
f
win
d
p
o
wer
g
en
er
ato
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
te
d
f
o
r
v
ar
iab
le
-
s
p
ee
d
W
E
C
S,
a
n
d
DFI
Gs
ar
e
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
th
eir
h
ig
h
e
f
f
ici
en
cy
,
l
o
w
co
s
t,
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
[
1
2
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
a
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
R
o
b
u
s
t p
o
w
er o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
s
tr
a
teg
y
fo
r
w
in
d
-
d
r
iven
in
d
u
ctio
n
ma
ch
in
es u
s
in
g
ty
p
e
-
2
a
n
d
…
(
Dri
s
s
B
elkh
ir
i
)
1315
its
MPPT
s
ch
em
e,
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
:
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
(
W
T
)
(
with
th
r
ee
b
lad
es),
g
ea
r
b
o
x
&
s
h
af
t,
g
en
e
r
ato
r
,
a
n
d
FLC
s
ch
em
e.
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
DFI
G
is
th
e
s
tato
r
,
an
d
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
win
d
i
n
g
is
v
ia
a
b
ac
k
-
to
-
b
ac
k
co
n
v
er
ter
,
wh
ich
is
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
a
r
o
to
r
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
(
R
SC
)
an
d
a
g
r
id
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
t
er
(
GSC
)
.
B
asically
,
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
W
E
C
S
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
co
n
v
er
tin
g
th
e
k
in
etic
en
er
g
y
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
air
s
tr
ea
m
s
in
to
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
o
we
r
g
en
er
ated
b
y
a
v
ailab
le
win
d
s
p
ee
d
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
1
)
.
=
1
2
(
,
)
3
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
ρ
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
air
d
en
s
ity
,
S
d
en
o
tes
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e
s
wee
p
in
g
ar
ea
,
λ
is
th
e
tip
-
s
p
e
ed
r
atio
(
T
SR
)
,
β
is
th
e
p
itch
-
an
g
le,
an
d
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
,
)
is
a
p
ar
am
et
er
with
n
o
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
th
at
s
p
ec
if
ies
h
o
w
m
u
ch
th
e
in
co
m
in
g
win
d
p
o
wer
th
e
W
T
ca
n
c
o
llect.
I
t
is
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
th
e
W
T
'
s
ae
r
o
d
y
n
am
ics
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
m
ath
em
atica
lly
in
r
elatio
n
to
an
d
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
eq
u
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
th
e
ex
p
r
ess
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
f
o
r
th
is
ty
p
e
o
f
1
.
5
MW DFI
G
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
liter
atu
r
e
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
=
(
0
.
35
−
(
(
0
.
00167
(
−
2
)
)
)
(
(
+
0
.
1
)
(
14
.
35
−
(
0
.
3
(
−
2
)
)
)
)
)
−
(
0
.
00184
(
−
3
)
(
−
2
)
)
(
2
)
Usu
ally
,
th
e
p
itch
a
n
g
le
is
s
et
to
0
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
h
ar
v
est
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
f
ea
s
ib
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
win
d
.
T
h
e
n
,
th
e
f
ac
t
o
r
h
as
a
o
n
e
-
of
-
a
-
k
in
d
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
in
t,
wh
ich
is
=
4
.
0
1
2
at
=
8
.
2
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
tip
-
s
p
ee
d
r
ati
o
λ
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
(
3
)
.
=
(
3
)
T
h
e
(
3
)
is
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
m
,
wh
ich
is
d
en
o
ted
b
y
(
4
)
.
∗
=
(
4
)
Hen
ce
,
th
e
m
ax
im
al
m
ec
h
an
ic
al
p
o
wer
h
a
r
n
ess
ed
b
y
W
T
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
5
)
.
=
5
2
3
∗
3
(
5
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Simp
lifie
d
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
W
E
C
S e
q
u
ip
p
ed
with
a
D
FIG
-
b
ased
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
2
.
1
.
M
o
delin
g
o
f
a
do
ub
ly
f
e
d ind
uct
io
n g
ener
a
t
o
r
I
n
d
o
u
b
ly
f
ed
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
en
er
ato
r
(
DFI
G
)
win
d
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
f
r
a
m
e
th
eo
r
y
is
u
s
ed
to
m
ak
e
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
elec
tr
ical
m
ac
h
in
es
s
im
p
ler
.
B
y
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
th
e
Par
k
an
d
C
o
n
c
o
r
d
ia
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
th
e
b
asic sch
em
e
o
f
th
e
DFI
G
in
t
h
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
(
ab
c)
f
r
am
e,
w
e
d
er
iv
e
th
e
s
im
p
lifie
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
eq
u
atio
n
s
o
f
r
o
to
r
an
d
s
tato
r
v
o
ltag
es in
th
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
(
d
,
q
)
as
(
6
)
an
d
(
7
)
.
{
=
+
−
=
+
+
(
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
3
1
3
-
1325
1316
{
=
+
−
=
+
+
(7
)
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
f
l
u
x
lin
k
a
g
es b
etwe
en
th
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
ar
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
as
(
8
)
a
n
d
(
9
)
.
{
=
+
=
+
(
8
)
{
=
+
=
+
(
9
)
Usu
ally
,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
s
tato
r
s
p
ee
d
ω
s
a
n
d
th
e
an
g
u
lar
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
th
e
r
o
t
o
r
is
as (
1
0
)
.
=
−
(
1
0
)
Hen
ce
,
th
e
s
lip
r
in
g
f
o
r
r
o
to
r
win
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
DFI
G
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
1
1
)
.
=
−
=
1
−
(
1
1
)
E
v
en
tu
ally
,
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
m
ec
h
an
ical
an
d
elec
tr
ical
to
r
q
u
e
r
esu
lts
in
a
v
ar
iatio
n
in
g
en
er
ato
r
s
p
ee
d
,
wh
ich
m
a
y
b
e
c
o
m
p
u
te
d
u
s
in
g
(
1
2
)
[
9
]
.
=
(
)
−
(
)
(
1
2
)
e
T
d
en
o
tes th
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
’
s
elec
tr
ic
to
r
q
u
e,
wh
ich
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
1
3
)
.
=
3
2
(
−
)
(
1
3
)
B
y
d
ef
in
itio
n
,
th
e
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
1
4
)
an
d
(
1
5
)
.
{
=
+
=
−
(
1
4
)
{
=
+
=
−
(
1
5
)
W
h
en
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
s
t
ato
r
is
n
eg
lecte
d
,
i.e
.
,
R
s
=
0
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
el
ec
tr
ic
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
P
e
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
1
6
)
.
=
+
(
1
6
)
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
ac
h
iev
e
s
af
e,
r
elia
b
le,
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
W
E
C
Ss
,
th
e
FO
C
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
to
o
ls
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
win
d
g
en
er
ato
r
s
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
s
p
ee
d
,
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e,
an
d
s
tato
r
ter
m
in
al
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
e
DFI
G
ar
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
th
e
R
S
C
.
I
n
th
at
r
eg
ar
d
,
th
e
R
S
C
is
s
tu
d
ied
in
th
is
p
ap
er
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
tar
g
eted
ty
p
e
-
2
an
d
ty
p
e
-
1
FL
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
e
tic
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
s
ep
ar
ated
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e
s
u
ch
t
h
at
th
e
d
-
ax
is
is
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
v
ec
to
r
,
wh
er
e
ax
es
r
o
tate
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
s
p
ee
d
.
B
y
th
is
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
th
e
s
tato
r
v
o
ltag
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
alo
n
g
th
e
q
-
ax
is
is
elim
in
ated
,
s
o
th
at
it b
ec
o
m
es p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
r
eso
lv
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
in
to
r
ea
l a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
tly
c
o
n
tr
o
llab
le
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
3.
M
P
P
T
CO
N
T
RO
L
S
T
RA
T
E
G
Y
T
h
e
s
ec
tio
n
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MPPT
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
e
x
tr
ac
tin
g
e
f
f
icien
t p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
a
win
d
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
(
W
E
S)
d
u
r
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
o
p
e
r
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e’
s
d
u
al
o
p
er
atio
n
al
zo
n
es:
s
u
b
-
r
ated
(
V
cut−
in
≤
V
w
<
V
rated
)
an
d
r
ated
-
to
-
cu
t
-
o
f
f
(
V
rated
≤
V
w
≤
V
cut−
off
)
s
p
ee
d
r
eg
io
n
s
[
8
]
.
T
h
r
ee
MPPT
m
e
th
o
d
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
te
d
:
a
tr
ad
iti
o
n
al
OT
C
an
d
a
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
in
tellig
en
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
t
y
p
e
1
an
d
t
y
p
e
2
)
.
T
h
e
f
o
c
u
s
is
o
n
th
e
in
s
tallatio
n
o
f
a
I
T
2
FLC in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
a
T
1
FLC.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
R
o
b
u
s
t p
o
w
er o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
s
tr
a
teg
y
fo
r
w
in
d
-
d
r
iven
in
d
u
ctio
n
ma
ch
in
es u
s
in
g
ty
p
e
-
2
a
n
d
…
(
Dri
s
s
B
elkh
ir
i
)
1317
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Desire
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
lev
el
cu
r
v
e
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
at
o
r
3
.
1
.
Cla
s
s
ica
l
o
ptima
l t
o
rqu
e
co
ntr
o
l
T
h
e
tar
g
et
o
f
W
E
S
is
to
h
a
r
n
e
s
s
as
m
u
ch
en
e
r
g
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
w
in
d
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
in
th
e
s
h
o
r
test
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
tim
e
[
3
0
]
.
Var
io
u
s
MPPT
tech
n
iq
u
es
ca
n
h
elp
to
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
th
is
.
I
n
th
e
OT
C
m
eth
o
d
[
8
]
,
[
3
1
]
,
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
t
o
r
q
u
e
T
*
em
i
s
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
b
y
m
e
a
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
e
c
h
a
n
ic
a
l
s
p
e
e
d
o
f
a
w
i
n
d
g
e
n
e
r
at
o
r
ω
m
,
w
h
i
c
h
is
d
es
c
r
i
b
e
d
as
(
1
7
)
.
∗
=
0
.
5
2
3
3
2
(
1
7
)
OT
C
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
its
s
im
p
licity
an
d
ea
s
y
-
to
-
im
p
le
m
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
W
h
ile
t
h
is
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
u
n
d
er
n
ea
r
-
o
p
tim
al
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
ts
,
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
n
o
t
o
p
tim
al
u
n
d
e
r
b
o
th
d
y
n
am
ic
win
d
an
d
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ities
o
f
th
e
W
E
C
S.
3
.
2
.
F
uzzy
lo
g
ic
co
ntr
o
ller
des
ig
n
f
o
r
M
P
P
T
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
e
s
s
o
f
T
2
FLCs
f
o
r
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
ex
t
r
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
D
FIG
-
ba
s
ed
W
E
C
S
is
ex
p
lo
r
ed
in
d
etail
in
ter
m
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
win
d
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
an
d
v
ar
iab
le
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
with
class
ical
T
1
FLC
s
wi
th
c
r
is
p
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
MF)
,
T
2
FLCs
with
f
u
zz
y
MF
ar
e
well
s
u
ited
to
ad
d
r
ess
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
in
ex
ac
tn
ess
,
m
o
d
elin
g
u
n
c
er
tain
ty
,
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
T
2
FLC'
s
ex
tr
a
ty
p
e
-
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
m
et
h
o
d
will
f
u
r
th
er
en
h
an
ce
d
ec
is
io
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
v
er
y
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
W
E
C
S
[
2
1
]
.
Mo
r
e
p
r
ec
is
ely
,
th
e
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
o
f
u
n
c
er
tain
ty
(
FOU)
p
lay
s
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
ca
p
tu
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
in
te
r
v
al
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
in
T
2
FLCs
,
wh
ich
r
ef
lects
th
e
s
p
an
o
f
all
p
o
s
s
ib
le
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
g
r
ad
es
d
u
e
t
o
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
o
f
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
n
o
i
s
e,
o
r
m
o
d
el
er
r
o
r
.
T
o
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
th
is
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
,
ty
p
e
-
r
ed
u
ctio
n
g
en
e
r
ally
ca
r
r
ies
o
u
t
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
ty
p
e
-
2
f
u
zz
y
s
et
to
a
ty
p
e
-
1
f
u
zz
y
s
et
s
u
ch
th
at
d
ef
u
zz
if
icatio
n
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
.
Fo
r
ty
p
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
t
h
e
Kar
n
ik
–
Me
n
d
el
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
m
eth
o
d
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
FO
U
ce
n
tr
o
id
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
[
2
0
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
m
ee
t
an
d
jo
in
o
p
er
atio
n
s
is
s
till
a
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
p
r
ac
tical
s
y
s
tem
s
in
b
o
th
th
e
r
u
le
g
en
er
ati
o
n
s
tag
e
an
d
t
h
e
class
if
icatio
n
s
tag
e,
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
m
an
y
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
th
em
.
As
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
FLC)
co
m
p
r
is
es
a
f
u
zz
if
ier
,
in
f
er
en
ce
en
g
in
e,
an
d
d
e
f
u
zz
if
ier
.
T
h
e
Ma
m
d
an
i
in
f
er
en
ce
is
ch
o
s
en
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
lo
w
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
b
u
r
d
en
a
n
d
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
u
s
ed
in
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
1
]
,
as
d
e
p
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
f
ed
b
y
two
v
ar
iab
les,
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
m
ec
h
an
i
ca
l
s
p
ee
d
(
∆Ω
m
)
an
d
c
h
an
g
e
in
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
o
wer
(
∆P
m
)
,
an
d
g
en
e
r
ates
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
(
Ω
∗
FLC
)
.
T
h
e
"Per
tu
r
b
an
d
O
b
s
er
v
e"
-
lik
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
b
u
t
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
an
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
n
ex
t
p
e
r
tu
r
b
a
tio
n
.
T
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
alu
es
(
∆Ω
m
,
∆P
m
)
ar
e
f
u
zz
if
ied
u
s
in
g
tr
ian
g
u
lar
s
y
m
m
et
r
ical
MF
(
Fig
u
r
es
5
a
n
d
6
)
tr
ain
e
d
to
ac
h
iev
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
MPP
tr
ac
k
in
g
,
with
lin
g
u
is
tic
lab
els:
NB
→
n
eg
ativ
e
b
ig
,
N
M
→
n
eg
ativ
e
m
ed
iu
m
,
NS
→
n
eg
ativ
e
s
m
all
,
Z
→
z
er
o
,
PS
→
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
m
all,
PM
→
p
o
s
itiv
e
m
ed
iu
m
,
an
d
PB
→
p
o
s
itiv
e
b
ig
.
its
in
f
er
en
ce
r
u
les
(
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
)
ca
lcu
late
th
e
ch
an
g
es
in
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
a
n
d
ar
e
d
ef
u
zz
if
ied
u
s
in
g
th
e
ce
n
tr
o
id
-
of
-
a
r
ea
to
d
ef
i
n
e
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
ab
le
1
.
Dec
is
io
n
r
u
les o
f
th
e
in
ter
v
al
ty
pe
-
2
an
d
ty
p
e
-
1
f
u
z
zy
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
(
I
T
2
FLC an
d
T
1
FLC)
∆Ω
m
∆P
m
NB
NM
NS
Z
PS
PM
PB
N
PB
PM
PS
NS
NS
NM
NB
Z
NM
NS
NS
Z
PS
PS
PM
P
NB
NM
NS
PS
PS
PM
PB
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
3
1
3
-
1325
1318
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
FLC
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
B
asic sch
em
e
o
f
a
n
FLC:
p
ar
am
eter
s
Ge,
d
Ge,
an
d
Gu
d
ef
in
e
th
e
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
’
s
ad
a
p
tatio
n
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Me
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
t
p
u
t v
a
r
iab
les in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ty
p
e
-
1
FLC,
f
r
o
m
lef
t to
r
ig
h
t: (
a)
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
,
(
b
)
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
o
wer
,
an
d
(
c)
co
n
tr
o
l
o
u
tp
u
t
3
.
3
.
I
m
ple
m
ent
a
t
io
n o
f
t
y
pe
-
1
a
nd
t
y
pe
-
2
F
L
Cs
B
o
th
T
1
FLC
an
d
I
T
2
FLC
h
av
e
th
e
s
am
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
,
b
u
t
th
e
y
m
an
ag
e
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
in
a
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
m
a
n
n
er
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
p
er
tu
r
b
s
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
r
ef
er
en
ce
(
∆ω
ₘ)
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
es
th
e
ac
co
m
p
a
n
y
in
g
c
h
an
g
e
i
n
p
o
wer
(
∆Pₘ
)
in
o
r
d
er
to
iter
ativ
ely
tr
ac
k
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t.
I
f
p
o
wer
in
cr
ea
s
es
with
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
,
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
is
co
n
tin
u
ed
in
th
e
s
am
e
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
;
o
th
er
wis
e,
it
is
co
n
tin
u
ed
in
th
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
d
ir
e
ctio
n
.
T
h
is
ad
ap
tiv
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
p
r
o
v
id
es
ef
f
icien
t
MPP
tr
ac
k
in
g
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
y
in
g
win
d
s
p
ee
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics.
C
o
n
tr
o
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
s
tu
d
ied
b
y
s
im
u
latin
g
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
r
ea
l
win
d
p
r
o
f
ile
an
d
th
en
in
v
esti
g
atin
g
th
e
MPPT
u
n
d
er
f
ast
win
d
v
ar
ia
ti
o
n
an
d
s
y
s
tem
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
y
.
Q
u
an
titativ
e
an
aly
s
is
[
2
4
]
em
p
l
o
y
s
th
e
well
-
k
n
o
wn
s
tatis
t
ical
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
s
u
ch
as
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
(
R
MSE
)
,
th
e
m
ea
n
ab
s
o
lu
te
er
r
o
r
(
MA
E
)
,
an
d
th
e
r
o
o
t
-
m
ea
n
-
s
q
u
ar
e
(
R
MS)
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
in
g
(
_
)
.
T
h
ese
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
v
alu
atio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
wh
ich
s
tan
d
f
o
r
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
u
n
its
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
t
r
o
ller
s
in
tr
ac
k
in
g
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
W
E
C
S.
1
=
−
1
∗
(
1
8
)
2
=
−
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
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s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
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4
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
R
o
b
u
s
t p
o
w
er o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
s
tr
a
teg
y
fo
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w
in
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u
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ma
ch
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es u
s
in
g
ty
p
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2
a
n
d
…
(
Dri
s
s
B
elkh
ir
i
)
1321
4
.
2
.
Act
i
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FLC
ac
h
iev
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im
p
r
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d
tr
ac
k
in
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r
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t
p
ar
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eter
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n
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Fig
u
r
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1
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.
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h
is
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o
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r
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ly
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m
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ten
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r
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r
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r
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d
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h
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Per
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(
a)
(
b
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(
c)
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d
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(
e)
(f)
(
g
)
(
h
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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I
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u
r
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ab
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3
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r
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s
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g
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T
2
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r
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1
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ter
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n
th
at
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o
r
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1
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5
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et
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n
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m
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ical
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0
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9
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zz
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∼
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d
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r
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m
u
c
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ir
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eter
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th
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ich
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ets
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th
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is
p
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e
m
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er
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h
ip
f
u
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ctio
n
s
u
s
ed
in
T
1
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.
4
.
5
.
P
re
cisi
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f
iciency
m
et
ric
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T
a
b
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4
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.