I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
wer
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
S
y
s
t
em
(
I
J
P
E
DS)
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
1118
~
1
1
2
9
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijp
ed
s
.
v
1
7
.
i
2
.
p
p
1
1
1
8
-
1
1
2
9
1118
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
p
e
d
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
H
ig
h ste
p
-
up
int
e
rlea
v
ed multilevel
hybrid bo
o
st con
v
erte
r wi
th
switched
-
ca
pa
cito
r multipl
ier
Andi
M
.
Nur
P
utr
a
1,
2
,
Adria
nti
1
,
M
uh
a
m
m
a
d Im
ra
n H
a
m
id
1
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
a
s
A
n
d
a
l
a
s
,
P
a
d
a
n
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
2
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
P
a
d
a
n
g
,
P
a
d
a
n
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Sep
30
,
2
0
2
5
R
ev
is
ed
Mar
30
,
2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
Ap
r
23
,
2
0
2
6
Th
e
g
lo
b
a
l
i
n
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s
li
k
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ics
re
q
u
ires
e
fficie
n
t
h
i
g
h
-
ste
p
-
up
DC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rters
.
Co
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rters
e
x
h
ib
it
i
n
h
e
re
n
t
li
m
it
a
ti
o
n
s
in
a
c
h
iev
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
g
a
in
e
fficie
n
tl
y
,
p
a
rti
c
u
larly
u
n
d
e
r
h
i
g
h
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
le
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
wh
e
re
sw
it
c
h
in
g
lo
ss
e
s,
d
e
v
ice
stre
ss
,
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
rip
p
le
b
e
c
o
m
e
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t.
Th
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
ro
p
o
se
s
a
n
o
v
e
l
h
y
b
ri
d
D
C
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
t
h
a
t
i
n
teg
ra
tes
a
fo
u
r
-
p
h
a
se
in
terle
a
v
e
d
in
p
u
t
sta
g
e
wit
h
a
fiv
e
-
lev
e
l
sw
it
c
h
e
d
-
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
(S
C)
m
u
lt
ip
li
e
r
n
e
two
rk
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
tro
d
u
c
e
s
a
m
o
d
u
lar
a
n
d
st
ru
c
tu
ra
ll
y
d
e
c
o
u
p
led
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
i
n
wh
ic
h
c
u
rre
n
t
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
in
g
a
n
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
b
o
o
sti
n
g
fu
n
c
ti
o
n
s
a
re
in
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
tl
y
re
a
li
z
e
d
.
T
h
is
e
n
a
b
les
sc
a
lab
le
v
o
l
tag
e
g
a
i
n
th
ro
u
g
h
m
o
d
u
lar
e
x
p
a
n
si
o
n
wi
th
o
u
t
re
q
u
iri
n
g
e
x
trem
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
les
o
r
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
a
l
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts.
Th
e
in
terle
a
v
e
d
sta
g
e
re
d
u
c
e
s
in
p
u
t
c
u
rre
n
t
rip
p
le
a
n
d
im
p
ro
v
e
s
c
u
rre
n
t
s
h
a
rin
g
,
w
h
il
e
t
h
e
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
S
C
n
e
two
rk
p
ro
v
id
e
s
a
h
i
g
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
ra
ti
o
a
n
d
b
a
lan
c
e
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
str
e
ss
a
c
ro
ss
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts.
C
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
si
v
e
sim
u
latio
n
s
u
si
n
g
P
S
IM
so
ftwa
re
v
a
li
d
a
te
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
rter'
s
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
.
Wi
th
a
2
5
V
i
n
p
u
t,
t
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
c
o
n
v
e
rter
a
c
h
iev
e
s
a
n
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
l
tag
e
o
f
a
p
p
ro
x
ima
tely
2
5
0
V
(
g
a
in
o
f
1
0
)
,
a
h
ig
h
e
ffi
c
ien
c
y
o
f
9
5
.
2
%
,
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
ri
p
p
le
b
e
l
o
w
2
%
,
a
n
d
b
a
lan
c
e
d
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
s.
Th
e
re
su
lt
s
c
o
n
firm
t
h
a
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
c
o
n
v
e
rter
o
ffe
rs
a
n
e
fficie
n
t
,
sc
a
lab
le,
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
so
l
u
ti
o
n
f
o
r
h
ig
h
ste
p
-
u
p
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
DC
-
DC
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
ter
Hig
h
g
ain
I
n
ter
leav
ed
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
Mu
ltil
ev
el
co
n
v
er
ter
Switch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
Vo
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
lier
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ad
r
ian
ti
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Facu
lty
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Un
iv
er
s
itas
An
d
alas
L
im
au
Ma
n
is
St.
,
L
im
au
Ma
n
i
s
,
Pau
h
,
Pad
an
g
,
W
est
Su
m
atr
a
2
5
1
6
3
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
ad
r
ian
ti@
en
g
.
u
n
a
n
d
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
en
etr
atio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
g
en
er
atio
n
,
h
as
in
ten
s
if
ied
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
r
eliab
le
p
o
wer
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
ch
allen
g
es
in
in
teg
r
atin
g
lo
w
-
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
PV
m
o
d
u
les
,
in
to
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
s
y
s
tem
s
is
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
v
o
ltag
e
a
m
p
lific
atio
n
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
wid
ely
ad
o
p
ted
,
th
eir
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
is
in
h
er
en
tl
y
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
,
esp
ec
ially
at
h
ig
h
d
u
ty
cy
cles
wh
er
e
ef
f
icien
cy
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
u
n
av
o
id
ab
le
[
3
]
-
[
5
]
.
Ad
d
it
io
n
ally
,
th
ese
co
n
v
er
ter
s
o
f
te
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
es o
n
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
e
v
ices a
n
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
les,
m
ak
in
g
th
em
u
n
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
m
o
d
er
n
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
b
o
o
s
t a
p
p
licatio
n
s
[
6
]
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
,
v
ar
io
u
s
a
d
v
an
ce
d
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
e
x
p
lo
r
ed
.
C
o
n
v
er
ter
s
b
ased
o
n
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
d
u
cto
r
s
a
n
d
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
(
SC
)
n
etwo
r
k
s
ca
n
a
ch
iev
e
h
ig
h
g
ain
,
b
u
t
o
f
ten
at
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
co
m
p
lex
m
ag
n
etic
d
esig
n
s
,
h
ig
h
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
v
o
lta
g
es,
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Qu
ad
r
atic
an
d
m
u
ltil
ev
el
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
o
f
f
er
h
ig
h
er
g
ain
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tag
ed
o
p
e
r
atio
n
,
b
u
t
th
is
ca
u
s
es
cu
m
u
lativ
e
v
o
ltag
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Hig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
in
terl
ea
ve
d
mu
ltil
ev
el
h
yb
r
id
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
ve
r
ter w
ith
…
(
A
n
d
i M.
N
u
r
P
u
tr
a
)
1119
in
cr
ea
s
es
o
n
t
h
e
s
witch
es
an
d
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
i
n
o
v
er
all
e
f
f
icien
c
y
[
9
]
-
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
te
r
leav
ed
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
er
ter
tech
n
i
q
u
es
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
r
ed
u
ce
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
ip
p
les
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
h
ea
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
m
u
lti
p
le
p
h
ases
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
m
u
ltil
ev
el
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
s
tr
ess
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
an
d
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
m
u
ltip
licativ
e
g
ain
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
p
o
wer
q
u
alit
y
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
s
b
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
th
ese
co
n
ce
p
ts
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
in
[
1
5
]
in
teg
r
ates
a
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
with
a
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
lt
ip
lier
an
d
SC
ce
lls
to
ac
h
iev
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
an
d
e
f
f
icie
n
cy
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
its
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
r
em
ain
s
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
an
d
is
n
o
t
in
h
e
r
en
tly
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
m
o
d
u
lar
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
lim
itin
g
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
in
e
x
ten
d
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
in
[
1
6
]
en
h
an
ce
s
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
u
s
in
g
h
y
b
r
id
s
witch
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
an
d
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
tech
n
iq
u
es,
b
u
t
it
o
p
er
ates
with
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
d
r
iv
en
s
witch
es
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
in
ter
leav
e
d
o
p
er
a
tio
n
o
r
a
m
o
d
u
lar
m
u
ltil
ev
el
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
h
ar
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
r
em
ain
lim
i
ted
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
h
y
b
r
i
d
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
te
r
to
p
o
lo
g
y
th
at
co
m
b
in
es
a
m
u
ltip
h
ase
i
n
ter
leav
ed
f
r
o
n
t
e
n
d
with
a
m
o
d
u
lar
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
.
Un
lik
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
h
y
b
r
i
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
ex
p
licitly
s
ep
ar
ates
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
h
ap
i
n
g
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
b
o
o
s
tin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
en
ab
lin
g
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
b
o
th
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
T
h
e
in
ter
leav
e
d
s
tag
e
e
n
s
u
r
es
lo
w
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
an
d
b
etter
th
e
r
m
al
m
an
ag
em
en
t
b
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tin
g
p
o
wer
a
m
o
n
g
p
h
ases
,
wh
ile
th
e
m
u
ltil
ev
el
SC
n
etwo
r
k
e
n
ab
les
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
r
atio
s
with
o
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
ex
tr
em
e
d
u
ty
cy
cles
o
r
co
m
p
lex
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
d
u
ct
o
r
s
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
r
e
d
u
ce
s
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
o
n
ea
ch
s
witch
in
g
d
e
v
ice,
en
ab
lin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
lo
w
er
-
r
ated
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Un
lik
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
h
y
b
r
id
co
n
v
er
ter
s
th
at
m
er
ely
c
o
m
b
in
e
in
ter
leav
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
with
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
to
p
o
lo
g
y
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ally
d
ec
o
u
p
le
d
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
in
wh
ich
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
b
o
o
s
tin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tly
r
ea
lized
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
ter
leav
ed
s
tag
e
an
d
m
o
d
u
lar
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
et
wo
r
k
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
is
s
ep
a
r
atio
n
en
a
b
les
tr
u
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
o
d
u
lar
ex
p
an
s
io
n
with
o
u
t
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
tag
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
r
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
m
ag
n
etic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
I
n
co
n
t
r
ast
to
ex
is
tin
g
in
ter
leav
ed
SC
-
b
ased
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
,
wh
ich
ty
p
ically
ex
h
ib
it
f
ix
ed
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
an
d
lim
ited
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
allo
ws
f
lex
ib
le
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
b
y
s
im
p
ly
ex
ten
d
in
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ca
p
a
cito
r
m
o
d
u
les,
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
b
alan
ce
d
cu
r
r
en
t
s
h
ar
in
g
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
r
i
p
p
le
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
e
m
ain
in
n
o
v
atio
n
in
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
lies
in
its
m
o
d
u
lar
h
y
b
r
id
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
d
esig
n
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
with
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
lo
w
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
er
ter
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
id
en
tifie
d
r
esear
ch
g
a
p
b
y
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
a
s
ca
lab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
t
h
at
o
p
tim
izes
t
h
e
tr
a
d
e
-
o
f
f
b
et
wee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
co
u
n
t,
a
n
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
im
p
licity
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
v
alid
atio
n
to
estab
lis
h
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
d
esig
n
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
with
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
l
em
en
tatio
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
.
E
x
p
er
im
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
u
s
in
g
a
h
ar
d
war
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
will b
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
to
f
u
r
th
er
co
n
f
i
r
m
its
ap
p
lic
ab
ilit
y
u
n
d
er
r
ea
l o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
T
O
P
O
L
O
G
Y
AND
T
H
E
O
R
E
T
I
CA
L
ANA
L
YS
I
S
2
.
1
.
F
un
da
m
ent
a
l c
o
ncept
a
nd
o
pera
t
ing
princip
le
o
f
t
he
hy
brid m
o
du
la
r
t
o
po
lo
g
y
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
s
y
n
er
g
is
tic
in
teg
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
an
in
ter
leav
e
d
co
n
v
e
r
ter
an
d
a
m
u
ltil
ev
el
SC
n
etwo
r
k
,
d
esig
n
ed
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
e
r
t
er
s
in
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
-
u
p
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
lev
er
ag
es
th
e
co
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
b
o
th
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
wh
er
e
th
e
in
ter
leav
ed
s
tag
e
im
p
r
o
v
es
cu
r
r
en
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
wh
ile
th
e
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
e
n
ab
les
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
s
tack
in
g
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
,
th
e
in
ter
leav
ed
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
em
p
lo
y
s
f
o
u
r
id
en
tical
p
h
ases
o
p
e
r
ated
with
a
9
0
°
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t.
E
ac
h
p
h
ase
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
an
in
d
u
ct
o
r
(
L
₁
–
L
₄)
,
a
MO
SF
E
T
s
witch
(
S₁
–
S₄)
,
an
d
a
d
io
d
e
(
D₁
–
D₄)
.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
two
k
ey
ad
v
a
n
tag
es:
f
ir
s
t,
ev
en
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
ac
r
o
s
s
all
p
h
ases
,
wh
ich
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
er
m
al
s
tr
ess
o
n
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
;
s
ec
o
n
d
,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ip
p
le
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
d
u
e
to
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
ted
o
p
er
atio
n
.
I
n
t
h
e
4
-
p
h
ase
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
th
e
th
e
o
r
etica
l
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
u
p
to
7
5
% c
o
m
p
a
r
ed
to
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
co
n
v
er
ter
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
i
ll
u
s
t
r
at
es
t
h
e
SC
n
et
wo
r
k
,
w
h
ic
h
o
p
e
r
a
tes
as
a
v
o
lta
g
e
m
u
l
ti
p
li
er
b
ase
d
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
i
n
c
ip
le
o
f
s
ta
g
e
d
v
o
lt
ag
e
a
d
d
it
io
n
.
T
h
e
n
etw
o
r
k
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
i
v
e
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
s
(
C
₁
–
C
₅)
a
r
r
an
g
ed
in
a
m
o
d
u
l
ar
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
.
E
ac
h
ca
p
ac
i
to
r
is
alt
er
n
a
tel
y
c
h
a
r
g
e
d
an
d
d
is
c
h
a
r
g
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
n
t
r
o
ll
ed
s
wi
tc
h
i
n
g
s
eq
u
en
ce
,
r
es
u
lt
in
g
i
n
a
g
r
a
d
u
al
b
u
il
d
u
p
o
f
v
o
lt
ag
e
a
cr
o
s
s
t
h
e
ca
p
a
cit
o
r
s
t
ac
k
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
s
u
m
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
v
o
lta
g
es
ac
r
o
s
s
ea
c
h
c
ap
ac
i
to
r
i
n
t
h
e
SC
n
e
tw
o
r
k
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
u
la
r
a
r
r
a
n
g
e
m
e
n
t
als
o
e
n
a
b
l
es
ev
en
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
o
f
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
tr
ess
a
cr
o
s
s
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
all
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
l
o
we
r
v
o
lta
g
e
-
r
at
ed
d
e
v
ic
es.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
two
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
in
to
a
h
y
b
r
id
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
wh
ic
h
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
d
etailed
cir
c
u
it
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
in
ter
leav
e
d
m
u
ltil
ev
el
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
with
a
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
th
e
in
ter
leav
ed
s
tag
e
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
n
it,
wh
ile
th
e
SC
n
etwo
r
k
ac
ts
as
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
s
tag
e.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
ON
in
ter
v
al
(
S₁
–
S₄
clo
s
ed
)
,
en
er
g
y
is
s
to
r
ed
in
in
d
u
cto
r
s
L
₁
–
L
₄,
wh
ile
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
r
ed
is
tr
ib
u
te
th
e
ch
ar
g
e
in
ter
n
ally
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
1
1
8
-
1129
1120
OFF
in
ter
v
al
(
S₁
–
S₄
o
p
en
)
,
th
e
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
to
th
e
SC
n
etwo
r
k
alo
n
g
with
en
er
g
y
d
ir
ec
tly
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
p
u
t
s
o
u
r
ce
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
a
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
t
ac
k
.
T
o
f
u
r
th
e
r
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
m
o
d
u
lar
an
d
s
ca
lab
le
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
u
s
in
g
a
b
lo
ck
-
b
a
s
ed
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
th
e
i
n
ter
leav
ed
s
tag
e
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
a
u
n
if
ie
d
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
b
lo
ck
,
wh
ile
th
e
m
u
ltil
ev
el
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
is
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
ed
in
to
id
en
tical
m
o
d
u
lar
ce
lls
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
ies
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
is
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
clea
r
ly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
ca
n
b
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
ad
d
in
g
m
o
r
e
m
o
d
u
les
with
o
u
t
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
th
e
co
r
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
m
ain
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
lies
in
th
e
in
t
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
m
o
d
u
lar
h
y
b
r
id
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
th
at
en
ab
les
s
ca
lab
le
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ce
lls
,
wh
ile
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
d
ec
o
u
p
lin
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
b
o
o
s
tin
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
r
o
m
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
.
Un
lik
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
r
ep
o
r
ted
h
y
b
r
i
d
in
ter
leav
ed
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
,
wh
er
e
v
o
ltag
e
b
o
o
s
tin
g
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
s
h
ar
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
ar
e
tig
h
tly
co
u
p
led
with
in
a
f
i
x
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
[
2
1
]
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
ex
p
lici
tly
s
ep
ar
ates
th
ese
two
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
in
ter
lea
v
ed
s
tag
e
is
d
ed
icate
d
to
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
r
ip
p
le
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
,
wh
ile
th
e
m
o
d
u
lar
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
.
T
h
is
d
ec
o
u
p
led
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
en
a
b
les
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
elec
tr
i
ca
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
a
s
ca
lab
le
d
esig
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
wh
ich
is
n
o
t a
ch
ie
v
ab
le
in
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
h
y
b
r
id
t
o
p
o
lo
g
ies.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fu
n
d
am
en
tal
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
: (
a)
f
o
u
r
-
p
h
ase
in
ter
le
av
ed
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
an
d
(
b
)
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
(
SC
)
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
lier
n
etwo
r
k
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Deta
iled
cir
c
u
it c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
f
o
u
r
-
p
h
ase
in
ter
lea
v
ed
m
u
ltil
ev
el
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
with
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
in
h
e
r
en
tly
s
ep
a
r
ates
th
e
r
o
les
o
f
ea
ch
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
er
e
th
e
in
ter
leav
ed
s
tag
e
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
h
ar
in
g
an
d
r
ip
p
le
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
,
w
h
ile
th
e
m
u
ltil
ev
el
SC
n
etwo
r
k
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Hig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
in
terl
ea
ve
d
mu
ltil
ev
el
h
yb
r
id
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
ve
r
ter w
ith
…
(
A
n
d
i M.
N
u
r
P
u
tr
a
)
1121
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
.
T
h
is
s
ep
ar
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
g
r
ea
t
er
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
in
d
esig
n
an
d
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
u
lar
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
lo
ck
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
u
lar
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
in
ter
l
ea
v
ed
s
tag
e
an
d
th
e
s
ca
lab
le
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
m
o
d
u
les
2
.
2
.
M
a
t
hema
t
ica
l
m
o
delin
g
a
nd
v
o
lt
a
g
e
co
nv
er
s
io
n r
a
t
i
o
deriv
a
t
io
n
T
o
a
n
a
ly
tic
all
y
v
ali
d
a
te
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
,
th
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
r
ati
o
is
d
er
iv
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
in
d
u
ct
o
r
v
o
lt
-
s
e
c
o
n
d
b
al
an
ce
p
r
in
ci
p
l
e
co
m
b
i
n
e
d
wit
h
c
h
ar
g
e
b
al
a
n
ce
an
al
y
s
is
u
n
d
e
r
s
te
a
d
y
s
t
at
e
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
ass
u
m
es
t
h
at
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
o
p
er
ates
i
n
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
c
o
n
d
u
cti
o
n
m
o
d
e
(
C
C
M)
.
W
it
h
i
n
o
n
e
s
witc
h
i
n
g
p
e
r
i
o
d
T
,
th
e
in
te
r
le
av
ed
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
o
p
e
r
a
tes
wit
h
p
h
ase
-
s
h
i
f
te
d
s
wit
ch
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
al
s
,
w
h
e
r
e
e
ac
h
p
h
as
e
is
a
cti
v
ate
d
s
e
q
u
e
n
ti
all
y
wit
h
a
9
0
°
p
h
ase
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
wit
ch
es
d
o
n
o
t tu
r
n
O
N
s
i
m
u
lt
an
eo
u
s
l
y
i
n
p
r
ac
tic
e.
H
o
w
ev
e
r
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
v
o
lt
ag
e
g
ai
n
d
er
iv
ati
o
n
,
an
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
av
er
a
g
e
d
m
o
d
el
is
a
d
o
p
te
d
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
e
f
f
e
ct
o
f
all
p
h
a
s
es
is
r
ep
r
es
e
n
te
d
b
y
a
n
e
q
u
i
v
ale
n
t
s
wit
ch
in
g
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
.
Du
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
ON
s
ta
te
,
t
h
e
in
d
u
ct
o
r
s
a
r
e
d
i
r
e
ctl
y
c
o
n
n
e
ct
ed
t
o
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
o
u
r
c
e,
r
es
u
l
ti
n
g
i
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
i
n
e
ac
h
p
h
ase
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
th
is
in
t
er
v
al,
t
h
e
in
d
u
ct
o
r
v
o
l
ta
g
e
i
s
e
q
u
al
t
o
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
w
h
e
r
e
V
in
d
e
n
o
tes
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
DC
v
o
lta
g
e.
D
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
OFF
s
ta
te
,
t
h
e
s
wit
c
h
es
a
r
e
t
u
r
n
ed
OFF
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
t
o
r
e
d
en
er
g
y
i
n
th
e
i
n
d
u
ct
o
r
s
is
tr
a
n
s
f
er
r
e
d
to
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
wit
ch
e
d
-
ca
p
a
cit
o
r
n
etw
o
r
k
.
I
n
t
h
is
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
,
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
ct
o
r
v
o
lt
ag
e
is
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
c
e
b
et
we
en
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e
a
n
d
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e
wh
er
e
V
o
r
e
p
r
ese
n
t
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
.
L
et
D
d
en
o
te
th
e
d
u
ty
c
y
cle
o
f
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
al,
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
th
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
ON
tim
e
to
th
e
s
witch
in
g
p
er
io
d
T
.
T
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
is
d
er
iv
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
v
o
lt
-
s
ec
o
n
d
b
ala
n
ce
u
n
d
er
s
tead
y
s
tate
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
ass
u
m
in
g
C
C
M
o
p
er
atio
n
.
.
+
(
1
−
)
(
−
)
=
0
(
1
)
R
ewr
itin
g
th
e
(
2
)
.
+
(
1
−
)
−
(
1
−
)
=
0
−
(
1
−
)
=
0
(
2
)
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
b
asic b
o
o
s
t r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
is
o
b
tain
ed
as
(
3
)
.
=
1
−
(
3
)
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
g
e
n
er
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
u
ltil
ev
el
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
ea
ch
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
th
e
c
h
ar
g
e
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
g
o
v
er
n
ed
b
y
th
e
d
io
d
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
OFF s
t
ate,
ea
ch
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
ch
ar
g
ed
b
y
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t so
u
r
ce
an
d
th
e
s
to
r
ed
en
er
g
y
in
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
,
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
a
ca
s
ca
d
ed
v
o
ltag
e
b
u
ild
u
p
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
1
1
8
-
1129
1122
Un
d
er
s
tead
y
s
tate
o
p
er
atio
n
,
ea
ch
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
atis
f
ies
th
e
c
h
ar
g
e
b
alan
ce
c
o
n
d
itio
n
,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
n
et
ch
ar
g
e
v
a
r
iatio
n
o
v
er
o
n
e
s
witch
in
g
p
e
r
io
d
is
ze
r
o
.
T
h
is
co
n
d
itio
n
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
4
)
.
=
0
(
4
)
W
h
er
e
d
en
o
tes
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
-
th
ca
p
ac
ito
r
o
v
er
o
n
e
s
witch
in
g
p
e
r
io
d
,
an
d
=
1
,
2
,
…,
,
with
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
m
o
d
u
les.
T
h
is
co
n
d
itio
n
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
ch
a
r
g
e
g
ain
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
c
h
ar
g
in
g
in
t
er
v
al
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
ch
ar
g
e
r
el
ea
s
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
in
ter
v
al.
As a
r
esu
lt,
all
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
es c
o
n
v
er
g
e
to
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
th
e
s
am
e
v
alu
e
(
5
)
.
1
=
2
=
⋯
=
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
d
en
o
tes th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
-
th
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
Sin
ce
ea
ch
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
ch
a
r
g
e
d
to
a
v
o
ltag
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ately
e
q
u
al
to
th
e
b
o
o
s
ted
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
6
)
:
≈
1
−
(
6
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
to
tal
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
l
tag
e
b
ec
o
m
es
(
7
)
.
=
∑
=
=
1
.
1
−
(
7
)
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
r
atio
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
u
lar
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
8
)
.
=
1
−
(
8
)
W
h
er
e
d
en
o
tes th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
m
o
d
u
les.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
in
cr
ea
s
es
lin
ea
r
ly
with
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
m
o
d
u
les
,
wh
ich
d
ir
ec
tly
r
e
f
lects
th
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tic
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
r
atio
ca
n
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
as
th
e
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
a
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
f
ac
to
r
1
1
−
an
d
a
m
o
d
u
lar
m
u
l
tip
licatio
n
f
ac
to
r
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
ac
h
iev
es
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
s
ca
lin
g
r
ath
er
th
an
ex
tr
em
e
d
u
t
y
cy
cle
o
p
er
atio
n
.
I
n
an
-
p
h
ase
in
ter
leav
ed
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
th
e
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
is
eq
u
ally
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
am
o
n
g
all
p
h
ases
,
s
u
ch
th
at
ea
ch
p
h
ase
ca
r
r
ies
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
r
ed
u
ce
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
tr
ess
o
n
s
witch
in
g
d
ev
ices.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
-
s
h
if
ted
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
ter
leav
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
th
e
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
n
et
in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t r
ip
p
le
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ated
as
(
9
)
.
∆
,
∆
,
≈
1
(
9
)
W
h
er
e
∆
,
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
ip
p
le
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
p
h
ase.
T
h
is
r
ip
p
le
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
ef
f
ec
t
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
h
ases
in
cr
ea
s
es,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
q
u
ality
an
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
f
ilter
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
-
p
h
ase
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
(
N
=
4
)
,
t
h
is
tr
an
s
lates
to
a
7
5
%
r
e
d
u
ct
io
n
in
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
co
n
v
er
ter
.
3.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
M
E
T
H
O
D
AND
VAL
I
DA
T
I
O
N
S
E
T
U
P
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
an
o
p
e
n
-
lo
o
p
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
e
is
a
d
o
p
ted
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
.
A
f
i
x
ed
d
u
ty
cy
cle
is
ap
p
lied
to
g
e
n
er
ate
th
e
p
u
ls
e
-
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M)
s
ig
n
als
b
ased
o
n
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
d
er
iv
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
allo
ws
d
ir
ec
t
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
o
p
er
atin
g
p
r
in
cip
le
with
o
u
t
th
e
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
a
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
co
n
t
r
o
ller
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
an
o
p
en
-
lo
o
p
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
is
in
t
en
d
ed
to
is
o
late
an
d
ass
ess
th
e
in
tr
in
s
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
u
n
d
er
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
C
o
n
v
er
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
v
alid
a
tio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
im
u
latio
n
u
s
in
g
PS
I
M,
en
ab
lin
g
d
etailed
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
s
tead
y
s
tate
an
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
b
ef
o
r
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
let
e
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Hig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
in
terl
ea
ve
d
mu
ltil
ev
el
h
yb
r
id
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
ve
r
ter w
ith
…
(
A
n
d
i M.
N
u
r
P
u
tr
a
)
1123
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
all
es
s
en
tial
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
f
o
u
r
-
p
h
ase
in
ter
leav
ed
b
o
o
s
t
s
tag
e,
th
e
m
o
d
u
lar
SC
n
etwo
r
k
,
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
g
en
er
at
io
n
,
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
b
l
o
ck
s
.
T
h
e
in
ter
leav
ed
s
tag
e
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
f
o
u
r
id
e
n
tical
p
h
ases
,
ea
ch
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
a
n
in
d
u
cto
r
(
L
1
–
L
4
)
,
a
MO
SF
E
T
s
witch
(
S1
–
S4
)
,
an
d
a
d
i
o
d
e
(
D1
–
D4
)
.
T
h
e
s
witch
es
ar
e
d
r
iv
en
b
y
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
ted
PW
M
s
ig
n
als
with
a
9
0
°
p
h
ase
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
p
r
o
p
er
in
ter
leav
ed
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
i
p
p
le
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
is
s
et
to
1
0
k
Hz,
a
n
d
th
e
d
u
ty
cy
cle
is
f
ix
ed
at
0
.
5
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
g
ain
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t.
T
h
e
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
as
a
m
u
ltil
ev
el
m
o
d
u
la
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
f
i
v
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
(
C
1
–
C
5
)
.
T
h
ese
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
o
p
er
ate
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
eq
u
en
tial
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
v
ia
d
io
d
e
-
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
p
ath
s
,
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
v
o
lt
ag
e
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
u
lar
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
en
ab
les
s
ca
lab
le
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
an
d
b
alan
c
ed
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tr
ess
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l d
esig
n
to
en
s
u
r
e
C
C
M
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
s
tab
le
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
s
et
to
2
5
V,
an
d
th
e
lo
ad
is
m
o
d
eled
as
a
r
esis
tiv
e
lo
ad
o
f
1
0
Ω
.
E
ac
h
in
d
u
cto
r
(
L
1
–
L
4
)
is
s
et
to
2
0
0
µH
,
w
h
ile
th
e
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
alu
es
(
C
1
–
C
5
)
ar
e
s
et
to
1
0
0
µF.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
b
etwe
en
in
ter
leav
ed
PW
M
s
ig
n
als
is
m
ain
tain
ed
at
9
0
°.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
i
ze
d
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
S
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
u
r
-
p
h
ase
in
ter
l
ea
v
ed
m
u
ltil
ev
el
h
y
b
r
i
d
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
with
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
T
ab
le
1
.
PS
I
M
s
im
u
latio
n
p
a
r
am
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
U
n
i
t
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
U
n
i
t
I
n
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
25
V
I
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
L
1
-
L
4
2
0
0
uH
O
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
2
5
0
V
S
w
i
t
c
h
e
d
-
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
s C
1
-
C
5
1
0
0
uF
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
10
k
H
z
O
u
t
p
u
t
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
s
1
1
0
uF
D
u
t
y
c
y
c
l
e
0
.
5
P
h
a
se
s
h
i
f
t
90
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
p
h
a
s
e
s
4
Valid
atio
n
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
m
u
lti
p
le
k
ey
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ic
s
to
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
ass
ess
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
'
s
o
p
er
atio
n
al
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
ese
m
etr
ics
in
clu
d
ed
th
e
a
ctu
al
v
o
ltag
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
r
ati
o
ac
h
iev
e
d
d
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
,
o
v
e
r
all
p
o
wer
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
ef
f
icien
cy
,
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
v
o
ltag
e
b
alan
cin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
,
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
in
ter
leav
ed
p
h
ases
,
an
d
tr
an
s
ien
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
u
n
d
er
d
y
n
am
ic
l
o
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
All
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
a
r
am
eter
s
wer
e
m
o
n
ito
r
e
d
an
d
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
u
s
in
g
v
ir
tu
al
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
p
r
o
b
es
with
in
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
an
with
s
tead
y
s
tate
an
aly
s
i
s
,
wh
er
e
th
e
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
ac
h
iev
ed
2
5
0
V
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
2
5
V
in
p
u
t,
co
n
f
ir
m
i
n
g
th
e
1
0
:1
co
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
r
atio
.
Vo
ltag
es
ac
r
o
s
s
all
f
iv
e
SC
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
alan
ce
d
at
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
5
0
V,
v
ali
d
atin
g
th
e
m
u
ltil
ev
el
v
o
ltag
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
1
1
8
-
1129
1124
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
p
r
in
cip
le.
C
u
r
r
e
n
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
f
o
u
r
in
d
u
cto
r
s
s
h
o
wed
id
en
tical
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
a
n
d
wav
ef
o
r
m
with
9
0
° p
h
ase
s
h
if
t,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
in
ter
lea
v
ed
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Valid
atio
n
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
m
u
ltip
le
k
ey
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ic
s
to
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
ass
ess
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
'
s
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
ese
m
etr
ics
in
clu
d
e
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
r
atio
,
p
o
wer
co
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
ef
f
icien
cy
,
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le,
v
o
ltag
e
b
ala
n
cin
g
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
,
cu
r
r
en
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
am
o
n
g
in
ter
lea
v
ed
p
h
ases
,
an
d
t
r
an
s
ien
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
u
n
d
er
d
y
n
am
ic
lo
a
d
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
All
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
a
r
am
eter
s
ar
e
m
o
n
ito
r
e
d
u
s
in
g
v
ir
t
u
al
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
p
r
o
b
es
with
in
th
e
PS
I
M
s
im
u
latio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
en
ab
lin
g
s
y
s
te
m
atic
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
a
n
d
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
m
ain
s
tag
es:
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
aly
s
is
.
I
n
th
e
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
ev
alu
atio
n
,
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
ass
e
s
s
ed
u
n
d
er
n
o
m
in
al
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
to
v
er
if
y
t
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
,
v
o
ltag
e
b
alan
ci
n
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t sh
ar
in
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
I
n
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
an
aly
s
is
,
co
n
tr
o
lled
lo
ad
v
ar
iatio
n
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
ex
a
m
in
e
th
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
u
n
d
er
c
h
an
g
in
g
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
e
v
alu
ated
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
ely
in
ter
m
s
o
f
b
o
th
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
d
y
n
am
ic
b
e
h
av
io
r
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
u
r
-
p
h
a
s
e
in
ter
leav
ed
f
iv
e
-
lev
el
h
y
b
r
id
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
with
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
m
u
ltip
lier
,
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
PS
I
M
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
o
s
e
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
in
th
e
Me
th
o
d
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
to
ac
h
iev
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
w
h
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
s
tab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t sh
ar
in
g
ac
r
o
s
s
p
h
ases
.
T
o
f
u
r
th
er
h
i
g
h
lig
h
t
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
with
r
ec
en
tly
r
ep
o
r
te
d
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
h
y
b
r
id
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
,
s
ev
er
al
ex
is
tin
g
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
em
p
lo
y
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
lier
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
ac
h
iev
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
ese
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
g
en
er
ally
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
f
ix
ed
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
o
r
ex
h
ib
it
lim
ited
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
em
d
o
n
o
t
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
in
ter
lea
v
ed
o
p
er
atio
n
,
wh
ich
lim
its
th
eir
cu
r
r
e
n
t
-
s
h
ar
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
es in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t r
ip
p
le.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
with
r
ec
en
tl
y
r
ep
o
r
ted
h
y
b
r
id
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
,
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
,
an
d
lim
itatio
n
s
To
p
o
l
o
g
y
G
a
i
n
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
(
%)
K
e
y
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
Li
mi
t
a
t
i
o
n
N
x
i
n
t
e
r
l
e
a
v
e
d
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
b
o
o
s
t
[
2
1
]
8
.
4
×
9
6
.
1
M
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
+
i
n
t
e
r
l
e
a
v
e
d
F
i
x
e
d
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
H
y
b
r
i
d
t
h
r
e
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
b
o
o
st
[
2
2
]
>
1
0
×
9
3
.
1
S
i
mp
l
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
Li
mi
t
e
d
s
c
a
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
M
M
C
-
b
a
se
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
[
2
3
]
>
1
0
×
~
9
5
M
o
d
u
l
a
r
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
H
i
g
h
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
i
t
y
H
y
b
r
i
d
b
o
o
s
t
+
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
i
e
r
[
1
6
]
H
i
g
h
~
9
5
H
i
g
h
g
a
i
n
F
i
x
e
d
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
H
y
b
r
i
d
b
o
o
s
t
+
S
C
c
e
l
l
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
4
]
H
i
g
h
~
9
8
H
i
g
h
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
N
o
t
s
c
a
l
a
b
l
e
H
y
b
r
i
d
i
n
t
e
r
l
e
a
v
e
d
mo
d
u
l
a
r
S
C
(
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
)
1
−
9
5
.
2
S
c
a
l
a
b
l
e
+
m
o
d
u
l
a
r
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
-
b
a
s
e
d
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
in
teg
r
ates
a
m
o
d
u
lar
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
with
an
in
ter
leav
ed
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
,
en
ab
l
in
g
b
o
th
s
ca
lab
le
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
h
ar
in
g
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
ca
n
b
e
f
lex
i
b
ly
a
d
ju
s
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
m
o
d
u
les,
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
b
alan
ce
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
r
ip
p
le.
T
h
is
f
ea
tu
r
e
clea
r
ly
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
es th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
f
r
o
m
ex
is
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
wav
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
e
r
ter
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
elev
ates
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
2
5
V
to
a
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
2
5
0
V,
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
a
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
o
f
1
0
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
r
atio
d
er
iv
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
,
th
er
eb
y
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
an
al
y
tical
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
ex
h
i
b
its
a
f
ast
tr
an
s
ien
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
d
u
r
in
g
s
tar
t
-
u
p
,
r
ea
ch
in
g
t
h
e
s
tead
y
s
tate
v
alu
e
with
m
in
im
al
o
v
er
s
h
o
o
t
a
n
d
s
ettlin
g
tim
e.
T
h
e
s
tead
y
s
tate
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le
is
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
to
b
e
les
s
th
an
2
%,
w
h
ich
is
ac
ce
p
t
ab
le
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
g
ain
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
th
e
m
u
ltil
ev
e
l
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
i
n
r
e
d
u
cin
g
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vo
)
a
n
d
th
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
th
eo
r
etica
l
v
alu
e
.
T
h
e
d
ev
iati
o
n
r
em
ain
s
with
in
a
s
m
all
r
an
g
e
(
±
1
V)
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
to
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
0
.
4
%,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
an
aly
tical
m
o
d
el
u
n
d
e
r
o
p
en
-
lo
o
p
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
is
s
m
all
d
ev
iatio
n
ca
n
b
e
attr
ib
u
ted
to
n
o
n
-
i
d
ea
l
ef
f
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
es,
p
ar
asit
ic
r
esis
tan
ce
s
,
an
d
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
s
er
ies
r
esis
tan
ce
(
E
SR
)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
e
d
esire
d
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
with
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
u
n
d
e
r
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Hig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
in
terl
ea
ve
d
mu
ltil
ev
el
h
yb
r
id
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
ve
r
ter w
ith
…
(
A
n
d
i M.
N
u
r
P
u
tr
a
)
1125
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Ou
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
wav
e
f
o
r
m
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
:
(
a)
s
tep
-
u
p
f
r
o
m
2
5
V
i
n
p
u
t to
2
5
0
V
o
u
tp
u
t a
n
d
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
t
h
e
ex
p
ec
te
d
th
eo
r
e
tical
v
alu
e
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
b
alan
cin
g
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
f
iv
e
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ce
lls
(
V
C
1
to
V
C
5
)
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
es
ac
r
o
s
s
ea
ch
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ar
e
well
b
alan
ce
d
,
with
ea
ch
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
u
s
tain
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
5
0
V,
wh
ich
is
o
n
e
-
f
if
th
o
f
th
e
to
tal
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
2
5
0
V
)
.
T
h
is
eq
u
al
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
v
al
id
ates
th
e
m
o
d
u
lar
m
u
ltil
ev
el
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
SC
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
p
r
ev
e
n
ts
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
o
n
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
s
m
all
r
ip
p
le
o
b
s
er
v
ed
(
less
th
an
1
V
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
)
o
n
ea
ch
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
is
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
an
d
in
d
icate
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ch
ar
g
e
r
ed
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
with
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
is
b
alan
c
ed
v
o
ltag
e
p
r
o
f
ile
en
h
an
ce
s
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
allo
w
s
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
lo
wer
v
o
ltag
e
-
r
at
ed
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
ed
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
c
o
s
t
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
in
te
r
leav
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
s
(
L
1
to
L
4
)
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
in
ea
ch
p
h
ase
ar
e
n
ea
r
ly
id
e
n
tical
in
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
an
d
wav
ef
o
r
m
,
with
a
9
0
°
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
b
etwe
en
a
d
jace
n
t
p
h
ases
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
ir
m
s
p
r
o
p
er
i
n
ter
leav
ed
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
at
es
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
h
ar
in
g
am
o
n
g
all
p
h
ases
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
i
n
ea
ch
p
h
ase
is
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
.
2
A
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
,
wh
ile
th
e
n
et
in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
e
n
t r
ip
p
le
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
ab
o
u
t
0
.
3
A
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
,
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
a
7
5
% r
ed
u
ctio
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
ter
leav
in
g
ef
f
ec
t.
T
h
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ip
p
le
r
ed
u
ctio
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
lo
wer
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
(
E
MI
)
,
r
ed
u
ce
d
in
p
u
t
f
ilter
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
o
v
er
all
co
n
v
er
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
b
alan
ce
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
en
s
u
r
es
u
n
if
o
r
m
th
er
m
al
s
tr
ess
ac
r
o
s
s
s
wi
tch
in
g
d
ev
ices,
en
h
an
cin
g
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
[
2
3
]
,
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
m
e
asu
r
ed
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
u
n
d
er
f
u
ll
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
is
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
9
5
.
2
%,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
attr
ib
u
te
d
to
th
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
lo
s
s
es
th
an
k
s
to
th
e
ev
en
cu
r
r
en
t
s
h
ar
in
g
an
d
th
e
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
o
n
th
e
s
witch
es.
Fig
u
r
e
7
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
PW
M
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ig
n
als
(
VSA1
to
VSA4
)
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
u
r
in
ter
leav
ed
p
h
ases
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
als
ex
h
ib
it
a
p
r
ec
is
e
9
0
°
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
an
d
o
p
er
ate
at
a
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
1
0
k
H
z
with
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
d
u
ty
c
y
cle
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
5
0
%.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
ted
PW
M
o
p
er
atio
n
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
i
p
p
le
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
an
d
b
alan
c
ed
p
o
wer
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
am
o
n
g
p
h
ases
.
T
h
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
PW
M
s
ig
n
als
co
n
f
ir
m
s
co
r
r
ec
t im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
in
ter
leav
i
n
g
s
tr
ateg
y
[
3
2
]
.
0
.
0
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
1
1
8
-
1129
1126
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Stead
y
-
s
tate
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
:
(
a)
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ce
lls
(
VC
1
to
VC
5
)
an
d
(
b
)
cu
r
r
en
t w
av
ef
o
r
m
s
o
f
th
e
in
ter
leav
ed
i
n
d
u
ct
o
r
s
(
L
1
t
o
L
4
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
PW
M
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ig
n
als f
o
r
th
e
f
o
u
r
in
ter
leav
e
d
p
h
ases
(
VSA1
to
VSA4
)
s
h
o
win
g
p
r
ec
is
e
9
0
°
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t a
n
d
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t d
u
t
y
cy
cle
o
p
er
atio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Hig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
in
terl
ea
ve
d
mu
ltil
ev
el
h
yb
r
id
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
ve
r
ter w
ith
…
(
A
n
d
i M.
N
u
r
P
u
tr
a
)
1127
All
f
o
u
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ig
n
als
m
ain
tain
id
en
tical
d
u
ty
c
y
cles
u
n
d
er
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
o
p
er
atio
n
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
e
ta
r
g
eted
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
.
T
h
is
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
d
u
t
y
cy
cle
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
b
alan
ce
d
p
o
we
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
e
q
u
al
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
in
th
e
in
ter
lea
v
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
ely
v
alid
ate
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
u
lar
c
o
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
a
n
d
o
th
er
h
ig
h
-
g
ai
n
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
c
h
a
s
co
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
co
n
v
er
ter
s
[
3
3
]
an
d
q
u
ad
r
ati
c
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
s
[
3
4
]
,
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
lar
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
en
ab
les
f
le
x
ib
le
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
,
wh
ile
th
e
in
t
er
leav
ed
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
en
h
a
n
ce
s
cu
r
r
e
n
t
h
a
n
d
lin
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
an
d
th
er
m
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
s
m
all
v
o
lta
g
e
d
ev
iatio
n
(
0
.
4
%)
a
n
d
lo
w
o
u
tp
u
t
r
ip
p
le
(
<2
%)
i
n
d
icate
t
h
at
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
ap
p
licatio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
s
tab
le
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Fu
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
will
f
o
cu
s
o
n
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
u
s
in
g
a
h
ar
d
war
e
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
an
d
f
u
r
th
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
wid
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
v
ar
ia
tio
n
s
an
d
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
lo
ad
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
p
r
esen
ted
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
id
f
o
u
r
p
h
ase
in
ter
leav
ed
m
u
ltil
ev
el
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
er
ter
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
a
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
m
u
ltip
lier
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
its
ab
ilit
y
to
ac
h
iev
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
lo
w
r
i
p
p
le,
an
d
b
ala
n
ce
d
elec
tr
ical
s
tr
es
s
ac
r
o
s
s
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
ca
n
s
tep
-
u
p
a
2
5
V
in
p
u
t
to
an
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
at
ely
2
5
0
V,
ac
h
iev
in
g
a
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ain
o
f
1
0
with
h
ig
h
ef
f
ic
ien
cy
(
9
5
.
2
%),
lo
w
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le
(
<
2
%),
an
d
a
s
m
all
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
0
.
4
%
f
r
o
m
th
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
th
eo
r
etica
l
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
in
ter
leav
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
en
s
u
r
ed
b
alan
ce
d
cu
r
r
en
t
s
h
ar
in
g
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le,
wh
ile
th
e
m
o
d
u
lar
m
u
ltil
ev
el
SC
n
etwo
r
k
f
ac
ilit
ated
e
q
u
al
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
en
h
an
cin
g
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
allo
win
g
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
lo
wer
r
ated
d
e
v
ices.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
d
ec
o
u
p
le
d
ar
ch
itectu
r
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
in
wh
ich
cu
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
b
o
o
s
t
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
r
ea
lized
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
ter
leav
ed
s
tag
e
an
d
th
e
m
o
d
u
lar
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
is
f
ea
tu
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
im
p
r
o
v
ed
d
e
s
ig
n
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
en
a
b
les
s
ca
lab
le
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
with
o
u
t
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
th
e
co
r
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
r
ese
ar
ch
o
b
jectiv
es
s
et
f
o
r
t
h
wer
e
m
et,
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
f
er
s
a
f
av
o
r
ab
le
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
tr
ess
,
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
im
p
licity
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
a
n
d
r
ec
e
n
t
h
i
g
h
g
ain
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
b
ased
o
n
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
tr
o
n
g
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
.
Fu
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
will
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
h
ar
d
war
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
to
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tally
v
er
if
y
th
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
e
v
alu
at
e
ef
f
icien
cy
u
n
d
er
p
r
ac
tical
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
an
d
in
v
esti
g
ate
its
b
eh
av
i
o
r
u
n
d
er
wid
e
in
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
an
d
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
lo
ad
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
wo
u
ld
lik
e
to
e
x
p
r
ess
th
eir
s
in
ce
r
e
g
r
atitu
d
e
to
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
C
u
ltu
r
e,
R
esear
ch
,
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
th
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia
f
o
r
th
e
f
in
a
n
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
g
r
an
t
u
n
d
er
c
o
n
tr
ac
t n
u
m
b
er
1
2
4
/UN1
6
.
1
9
/PT.
0
1
.
0
3
/PL/2
0
2
5
.
T
h
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
h
as
b
ee
n
ess
en
tial
in
th
e
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
An
d
i M
.
Nu
r
Pu
tr
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ad
r
ian
ti
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Mu
h
am
m
ad
I
m
r
an
Ham
id
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.