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2588
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mpetencies
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ies
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ti
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l
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re
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S
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ies
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li
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c
t
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r
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m
e
n
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e
a
su
re
IS
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o
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ies
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m
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g
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A)
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EF
A
with
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rima
x
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tatio
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re
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c
e
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th
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sc
a
le
to
22
it
e
m
s
a
c
ro
ss
fiv
e
d
ime
n
sio
n
s:
c
o
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
v
e
sp
iri
t
(CS
)
,
h
o
p
e
fu
l
m
i
n
d
se
t
(HM)
,
m
in
d
fu
l
c
o
n
fid
e
n
c
e
(M
C)
,
e
m
o
ti
o
n
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l
re
sili
e
n
c
e
(ER)
,
a
n
d
re
sp
o
n
si
b
le
d
e
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isio
n
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m
a
k
in
g
a
n
d
a
c
c
o
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n
tab
il
it
y
(R
D)
.
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A
c
o
n
firme
d
fi
v
e
-
fa
c
to
r
stru
c
tu
re
w
it
h
a
c
c
e
p
tab
le
fit
,
a
n
d
i
n
tern
a
l
c
o
n
siste
n
c
y
in
d
ice
s
in
d
ica
ted
a
d
e
q
u
a
te
re
li
a
b
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it
y
.
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o
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rg
e
n
t
a
n
d
d
isc
rimin
a
n
t
v
a
li
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it
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n
a
ly
se
s
su
p
p
o
rte
d
c
o
n
stru
c
t
d
isti
n
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
.
T
h
e
P
S
T
-
IS
EC
sc
a
le
p
ro
v
id
e
s a
th
e
o
re
ti
c
a
ll
y
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
to
o
l
fo
r
f
o
rm
a
ti
v
e
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t,
p
ro
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ra
m
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
targ
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ted
in
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
s.
F
u
tu
r
e
stu
d
ies
sh
o
u
l
d
e
x
a
m
in
e
c
ri
terio
n
-
re
late
d
a
n
d
p
re
d
icti
v
e
v
a
li
d
it
y
,
m
e
a
s
u
re
m
e
n
t
in
v
a
rian
c
e
,
a
n
d
c
ro
s
s
-
c
o
n
tex
t
a
p
p
li
c
a
b
il
i
ty
t
o
stre
n
g
t
h
e
n
it
s
u
ti
l
i
ty
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
o
g
n
itiv
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
Pre
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
Scale
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
So
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
co
m
p
eten
cie
s
T
ea
ch
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
J
o
y
D.
T
alen
s
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Dep
a
r
tm
en
t
,
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
Ar
ts
an
d
Scien
ce
s
,
De
L
a
Salle
L
ip
a
1
9
6
2
J
.
P.
L
a
u
r
el
Natio
n
al
Hig
h
way
,
L
ip
a
C
ity
,
B
atan
g
as,
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
E
m
ail:
jo
y
.
talen
s
@
d
ls
l.e
d
u
.
p
h
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
i
n
g
r
eq
u
ir
es
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
s
u
b
ject
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
ies;
m
o
d
er
n
class
r
o
o
m
s
d
em
an
d
th
at
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
p
o
s
s
ess
b
o
th
s
o
cial
-
e
m
o
tio
n
al
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ac
ad
em
ic
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
well
-
b
ein
g
,
an
d
o
v
er
all
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
[
1
]
.
T
ea
ch
e
r
ed
u
c
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
a
r
e
cr
itical
in
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
to
m
an
a
g
e
class
r
o
o
m
s
,
b
u
ild
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
to
d
iv
er
s
e
lear
n
er
n
ee
d
s
[
2
]
.
So
ci
al
-
em
o
tio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
(
SEL
)
p
r
o
v
id
es a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
,
en
c
o
m
p
ass
in
g
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
,
s
elf
-
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t,
s
o
cial
awa
r
e
n
ess
,
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
,
wh
ich
en
h
an
ce
teac
h
er
s
’
em
o
tio
n
al
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
an
d
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
—
f
ac
to
r
s
clo
s
ely
lin
k
ed
to
s
tu
d
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
g
r
o
wth
[
3
]
.
Glo
b
ally
,
th
e
C
o
llab
o
r
ativ
e
f
o
r
Aca
d
em
ic,
So
cial,
an
d
E
m
o
tio
n
al
L
ea
r
n
in
g
(
C
ASEL
)
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
g
u
i
d
es
teac
h
er
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
,
wh
ile
U
NE
SC
O
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
in
teg
r
atin
g
SEL
in
to
cu
r
r
ic
u
la
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
b
o
t
h
ac
ad
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
s
o
cio
-
e
m
o
tio
n
al
well
-
b
ein
g
[
4
]
.
R
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
th
at
teac
h
er
s
with
s
tr
o
n
g
SEL
s
k
ills
cr
ea
te
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
m
an
ag
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
,
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
r
esil
ien
ce
[
5
]
.
So
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
co
m
p
eten
cies
ar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
s
s
ess
in
g
in
teg
r
a
ted
s
o
cia
l
-
e
mo
tio
n
a
l a
n
d
co
g
n
itive
co
mp
e
ten
cies in
p
r
e
-
s
ervice
…
(
Jo
y
D.
Ta
len
s
)
2589
in
ter
twin
ed
with
co
g
n
itiv
e
s
k
ills
—
in
clu
d
in
g
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
atten
t
io
n
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
an
d
r
ef
lectiv
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
—
wh
ich
co
llectiv
ely
s
h
ap
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
SEL
h
a
s
also
b
ee
n
lin
k
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
in
m
etac
o
g
n
iti
o
n
an
d
e
x
ec
u
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
atten
tio
n
,
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
lat
io
n
,
an
d
ac
a
d
em
ic
s
k
ills
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
Desp
ite
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
SEL
,
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
i
ce
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
o
f
ten
p
r
o
v
id
e
lim
ited
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
th
ese
s
k
ill
s
,
leav
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
teac
h
er
s
u
n
d
er
p
r
ep
ar
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
elatio
n
al
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
e
m
an
d
s
o
f
teac
h
in
g
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
2
]
.
E
x
is
tin
g
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
’
s
o
cial
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
(
E
d
u
SEL
)
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
[
1
3
]
,
th
e
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
teac
h
e
r
r
atin
g
s
ca
le
(
SECTR
S)
[
1
4
]
,
an
d
th
e
s
o
cial
s
k
ills
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
–
s
o
cial
em
o
tio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
(
SS
I
S
SEL
)
B
r
ief
s
ca
les
[
1
5
]
,
g
en
er
ally
ass
ess
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
,
a
n
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
o
m
ain
s
s
ep
ar
ately
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
ey
p
r
o
v
id
e
lim
ited
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
h
o
w
teac
h
er
s
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
ap
p
ly
em
o
tio
n
al
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
s
o
cial
ju
d
g
m
en
t,
a
n
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
in
class
r
o
o
m
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
e
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
’
in
teg
r
ated
s
o
cial
-
e
m
o
tio
n
al
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
(
P
ST
-
I
SEC)
lear
n
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cy
s
ca
le
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
is
g
ap
b
y
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
co
g
n
itiv
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
—
r
ef
lectiv
e
th
in
k
in
g
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
-
ta
k
in
g
,
a
n
d
eth
ical
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
—
with
in
SEL
co
n
s
tr
u
cts,
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
in
s
ep
ar
ab
le
n
atu
r
e
o
f
em
o
tio
n
al
an
d
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
i
n
teac
h
in
g
.
Un
lik
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
o
cial
-
em
o
t
io
n
al
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els,
PS
T
-
I
SEC
co
n
ce
p
tu
alize
s
teac
h
in
g
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
as
em
er
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
i
n
ter
a
ctio
n
b
etwe
en
em
o
tio
n
al
a
n
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
T
h
e
s
c
ale
co
m
p
r
is
es
f
iv
e
em
p
ir
ically
d
er
iv
e
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
—
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
s
p
ir
it
(
C
S),
h
o
p
ef
u
l
m
in
d
s
et
(
HM
)
,
m
in
d
f
u
l
co
n
f
id
en
ce
(
MC),
em
o
tio
n
al
r
esil
ien
ce
(
E
R
)
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
an
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
(
R
D)
—
wh
ich
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
o
v
er
lap
p
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ities
en
ac
ted
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
in
p
r
ac
tice
r
ath
er
th
an
as
is
o
lated
s
k
ill
s
.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese,
C
S,
MC,
an
d
R
D
s
h
o
w
clea
r
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
alig
n
m
e
n
t
with
d
o
m
ain
s
id
en
tifie
d
b
y
C
ASEL
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
wh
ile
ex
ten
d
in
g
th
em
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
g
n
itiv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
;
C
S
in
teg
r
ates
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
en
g
ag
em
en
t
with
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
-
tak
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
i
n
g
;
MC
r
ef
lects
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
o
f
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
,
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
lat
io
n
,
an
d
r
ef
lectiv
e
atten
tio
n
;
an
d
R
D
in
co
r
p
o
r
at
es
eth
ical
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
an
d
ev
a
lu
ativ
e
ju
d
g
m
en
t
in
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
HM
a
n
d
E
R
,
co
m
p
lem
en
t
th
ese
b
y
em
p
h
asizin
g
p
e
r
s
is
ten
ce
,
o
p
ti
m
is
m
an
d
ad
a
p
tiv
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
u
n
d
er
p
r
ess
u
r
e.
T
ak
en
to
g
eth
er
,
th
e
f
iv
e
d
im
en
s
i
o
n
s
illu
s
tr
ate
th
at
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
te
ac
h
in
g
r
elies
o
n
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
ate
d
u
s
e
o
f
em
o
tio
n
al,
s
o
cial
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
r
ath
er
th
a
n
o
n
d
is
cr
ete
d
o
m
ai
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
Ph
ili
p
p
i
n
e
c
o
n
t
ex
t,
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
r
e
f
o
r
m
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
ta
n
d
a
r
d
s
e
m
p
h
asiz
e
tea
c
h
e
r
s
’
em
o
ti
o
n
al
r
e
g
u
la
ti
o
n
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
we
ll
-
b
ei
n
g
,
a
n
d
r
ef
lec
ti
v
e
p
r
a
cti
ce
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
ass
ess
i
n
g
in
teg
r
ated
co
m
p
eten
cies.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
d
ev
elo
p
s
t
h
e
PS
T
-
I
SEC
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
ev
id
e
n
ce
,
aim
in
g
to
id
en
tify
k
e
y
c
o
m
p
eten
c
y
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
d
ev
elo
p
an
d
v
alid
ate
s
ca
le
item
s
,
ex
am
in
e
f
ac
to
r
ial
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
r
eliab
i
lity
,
an
d
o
f
f
er
a
n
in
itial
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
in
teg
r
ated
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
a
n
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
(
I
SEC
)
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
PST
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
g
u
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
:
is
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
r
eliab
le
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ally
v
alid
s
ca
le
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
I
SEC
co
m
p
eten
cies in
PST
?
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
des
i
gn
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
d
esig
n
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
r
esear
ch
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
c
r
ea
te
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
ev
id
en
ce
f
o
r
a
s
ca
le
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
I
SEC
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
PST
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
s
is
ted
o
f
two
p
h
ases
:
i
)
d
esig
n
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
an
d
ii
)
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
v
ali
d
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
e
n
ab
led
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
r
eliab
le
an
d
co
n
tex
tu
ally
r
e
lev
an
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
l
wh
ile
allo
win
g
iter
ativ
e
r
ef
in
em
en
t
b
ased
o
n
e
m
p
ir
ical
ev
id
en
ce
a
n
d
ex
p
er
t f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
2
.
2
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
A
to
tal
o
f
7
7
5
PST
f
r
o
m
p
u
b
lic
an
d
p
r
iv
ate
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
a
r
eg
io
n
o
f
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
p
a
r
ticip
ated
,
s
elec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
t
o
r
ep
r
esen
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
y
ea
r
lev
els.
T
h
is
s
am
p
le
m
ee
ts
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
5
–
1
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
p
er
item
f
o
r
s
ca
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
2
]
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
b
asis
f
o
r
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
es,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
s
ca
le’
s
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
elia
b
ilit
y
.
2
.
3
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
T
h
e
PST
-
I
SEC
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Gr
o
u
n
d
ed
in
th
e
C
ASEL
SEL
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
[
1
]
,
it
ass
ess
e
s
f
iv
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
—
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
,
s
elf
-
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t,
s
o
cial
awa
r
e
n
ess
,
r
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
—
in
teg
r
atin
g
co
g
n
itiv
e
s
k
ills
s
u
ch
as
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
l
v
in
g
,
r
ef
lectiv
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
atten
tio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l.
Usi
n
g
a
4
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
e
r
t
s
ca
le
(
1
=n
o
t
m
an
if
ested
at
all,
4
=m
a
n
if
ested
to
a
v
er
y
g
r
ea
t e
x
ten
t)
,
th
e
PS
T
-
I
SEC f
ills
a
g
a
p
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
PST
-
I
SEC
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
26
:
2
5
8
8
-
2
5
9
6
2590
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n
T
h
e
PST
-
I
SEC
s
ca
le
was
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
to
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
f
o
llo
win
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
v
al.
I
n
f
o
r
m
ed
c
o
n
s
en
t
was
s
ec
u
r
ed
p
r
i
o
r
to
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
wit
h
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
o
f
co
n
f
id
en
tiali
ty
an
d
an
o
n
y
m
ity
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
ad
m
in
i
s
ter
ed
d
u
r
in
g
s
ch
e
d
u
led
s
ess
io
n
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
d
ata
co
llectio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
t
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
a
r
t
icip
an
ts
ad
eq
u
ate
tim
e
to
r
esp
o
n
d
.
Up
o
n
co
m
p
letio
n
,
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
co
llected
an
d
r
ev
iewe
d
f
o
r
co
m
p
leten
es
s
b
ef
o
r
e
b
ei
n
g
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
f
o
r
d
a
ta
co
d
in
g
a
n
d
a
n
aly
s
is
.
2
.
5
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
E
x
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
a
n
aly
s
is
(
E
FA)
u
s
in
g
p
r
in
cip
al
ax
is
f
ac
to
r
in
g
with
Var
im
ax
r
o
tatio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
3
7
0
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
(
5
–
1
0
p
er
item
)
[
3
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
to
id
en
tify
laten
t c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts.
C
o
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
f
ac
t
o
r
an
aly
s
is
(
C
FA)
f
o
llo
wed
wit
h
an
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
s
am
p
le
o
f
4
0
5
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
to
v
alid
ate
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
I
tem
s
with
lo
ad
in
g
s
≥
0
.
5
0
w
er
e
r
etain
ed
,
th
o
u
g
h
lo
ad
in
g
s
≥
0
.
4
0
we
r
e
k
ep
t
if
th
e
o
r
eti
ca
lly
ju
s
tifie
d
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
e
x
p
er
t
r
ev
iew
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
C
FA
ass
ess
ed
m
o
d
el
f
it
u
s
in
g
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
m
i
n
im
u
m
/d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
f
r
ee
d
o
m
(
C
MI
N/DF
)
,
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
(
R
MSE
A
)
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
r
esid
u
al
(
SR
MR
)
,
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
f
it
in
d
e
x
(
C
FI
)
,
an
d
T
u
c
k
er
-
L
ewis
in
d
ex
(
T
L
I
)
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
was
ev
alu
ated
v
ia
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a,
co
m
p
o
s
ite
r
eliab
ilit
y
(
C
R
)
,
an
d
Mc
Do
n
ald
’
s
o
m
eg
a,
with
co
r
r
ec
ted
ite
m
-
to
tal
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
also
ex
am
in
ed
.
T
h
e
C
FA
m
o
d
el
s
p
ec
if
ied
f
iv
e
c
o
r
r
el
ated
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
e
r
f
ac
to
r
s
(
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
,
s
elf
-
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
s
o
cial
awa
r
e
n
ess
,
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
,
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
)
,
wit
h
item
s
lo
ad
i
n
g
o
n
th
eir
h
y
p
o
th
esized
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
f
r
ee
ly
esti
m
ated
to
r
ef
lect
th
e
I
SEC
co
m
p
eten
ci
es.
2
.
6
.
P
ha
s
e
1
:
des
ig
n a
nd
dev
elo
pm
ent
o
f
t
he
s
ca
le
An
in
itial
p
o
o
l
o
f
7
4
item
s
was
g
en
er
ated
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
k
ey
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
co
m
p
eten
cies
am
o
n
g
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
,
with
co
g
n
itiv
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
ten
tio
n
ally
em
b
ed
d
ed
at
th
e
item
-
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
s
tag
e.
I
tem
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
was
g
u
id
e
d
b
y
e
x
is
tin
g
SEL
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
an
d
r
elate
d
liter
atu
r
e.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
ten
t
r
elev
a
n
ce
an
d
clar
ity
,
item
s
wer
e
wr
itt
en
to
r
ef
lect
au
th
en
tic
class
r
o
o
m
s
itu
atio
n
s
an
d
ty
p
ical
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
.
R
ed
u
n
d
an
cies
wer
e
m
in
im
ized
an
d
wo
r
d
i
n
g
was
r
ef
in
ed
to
m
ain
tain
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
to
n
e
a
n
d
lev
el
o
f
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
ac
r
o
s
s
item
s
.
2
.
7
.
P
ha
s
e
2
:
prelim
ina
ry
v
a
lid
a
t
io
n
Face
an
d
co
n
te
n
t
v
alid
atio
n
wer
e
c
o
n
d
u
cted
with
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
an
d
f
iv
e
s
u
b
ject
-
m
atter
ex
p
er
ts
u
s
in
g
a
3
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
weig
h
ted
ar
ith
m
etic
m
ea
n
f
o
r
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
was
2
.
5
6
,
in
d
icatin
g
o
v
e
r
all
s
u
itab
ilit
y
.
I
tem
s
wer
e
r
ev
is
e
d
b
ased
o
n
ex
p
er
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
E
FA
an
d
C
FA
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
s
eq
u
en
tially
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
e
v
id
en
c
e
f
o
r
th
e
f
ac
to
r
ial
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
t
v
alid
ity
,
d
is
cr
i
m
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
,
an
d
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le.
2
.
8
.
E
t
hica
l
co
ns
ide
ra
t
io
ns
Par
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
ed
c
o
n
s
en
t
was
o
b
tain
ed
p
r
io
r
to
d
ata
co
llectio
n
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
n
o
t
ask
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
y
id
en
tify
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
all
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
tr
ea
ted
in
ag
g
r
eg
ate
f
o
r
m
.
Data
h
an
d
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
em
ai
n
ed
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
was
u
s
ed
s
o
lely
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
llo
wed
estab
lis
h
ed
eth
ical
g
u
id
elin
es
f
o
r
s
tu
d
ies in
v
o
lv
in
g
h
u
m
a
n
p
ar
ti
cip
an
ts
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
F
a
ct
o
r
a
na
ly
s
is
s
uita
bil
i
t
y
T
h
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
ata
f
o
r
E
FA
was
f
ir
s
t
a
s
s
e
s
s
ed
.
B
a
r
tlett’s
test
o
f
s
p
h
er
icity
was
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
(
χ²(
2
3
1
)
=2
6
5
4
.
3
9
9
,
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
)
,
an
d
th
e
Kaiser
-
Me
y
er
-
Olk
i
n
(
KM
O)
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
s
am
p
l
in
g
ad
eq
u
ac
y
was
0
.
8
9
8
,
in
d
icatin
g
ex
c
ellen
t
s
am
p
lin
g
ad
eq
u
ac
y
,
as
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
th
e
d
ataset
is
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
.
3
.
2
.
E
x
plo
ra
t
o
ry
f
a
ct
o
r
a
na
l
y
s
is
T
h
e
in
itial
7
4
item
s
u
n
d
er
we
n
t
E
FA
u
s
in
g
p
r
in
cip
al
ax
is
f
ac
to
r
in
g
with
Var
im
a
x
r
o
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
5
2
item
s
wer
e
r
em
o
v
ed
d
u
e
to
lo
w
lo
ad
in
g
s
(
<0
.
5
0
)
.
I
tem
7
0
,
l
o
ad
in
g
at
0
.
4
8
2
,
was r
etain
ed
b
ased
o
n
:
−
C
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
u
n
iq
u
en
ess
:
it c
ap
tu
r
ed
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t c
o
g
n
itiv
e
-
e
m
o
tio
n
al
asp
ec
t n
o
t
r
ef
lecte
d
e
ls
ewh
er
e.
−
E
x
p
er
t v
alid
atio
n
:
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
r
elev
an
ce
to
in
teg
r
ated
co
m
p
et
en
cies.
−
L
iter
atu
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
:
m
o
d
e
r
ate
l
o
ad
in
g
s
(
≥
0
.
4
0
)
ar
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
wh
en
th
eo
r
etica
lly
ju
s
tifie
d
[
3
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
em
ai
n
in
g
2
2
item
s
lo
a
d
ed
o
n
to
f
iv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
,
r
ef
lectin
g
p
r
e
-
d
ef
i
n
ed
co
n
s
tr
u
cts:
CS
,
HM
,
MC
,
ER
,
an
d
R
D
,
as
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
co
v
er
a
g
e
an
d
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
c
y
in
item
r
et
en
tio
n
,
a
co
n
ten
t
-
m
ap
p
in
g
r
e
v
iew
was
co
n
d
u
c
ted
.
Of
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
7
4
item
s
,
2
2
wer
e
r
etain
ed
b
ased
o
n
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
s
s
ess
in
g
in
teg
r
a
ted
s
o
cia
l
-
e
mo
tio
n
a
l a
n
d
co
g
n
itive
co
mp
e
ten
cies in
p
r
e
-
s
ervice
…
(
Jo
y
D.
Ta
len
s
)
2591
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
elev
an
ce
,
an
d
ex
p
er
t
v
alid
atio
n
.
T
ab
le
3
m
ap
s
t
h
ese
item
s
to
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts,
s
h
o
win
g
ad
eq
u
ate
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
:
C
S
(
7
item
s
)
,
HM
(
4
item
s
)
,
MC
(
5
item
s
)
,
E
R
(
3
item
s
)
,
an
d
R
D
(
3
item
s
)
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
e
PS
T
-
I
SEC
s
ca
le’
s
th
eo
r
etica
l
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
ar
e
well
r
ep
r
esen
te
d
.
T
h
e
2
2
-
item
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
was
th
en
ex
a
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
C
FA.
Fu
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
a
s
s
es
s
cr
iter
io
n
-
r
elate
d
an
d
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
v
alid
ity
,
as
well
as m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t in
v
ar
ian
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
teac
h
er
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
KM
O
an
d
B
ar
tlett’s te
s
t
Te
st
V
a
l
u
e
K
M
O
me
a
su
r
e
o
f
sam
p
l
i
n
g
a
d
e
q
u
a
c
y
0
.
8
9
8
B
a
r
t
l
e
t
t
’
s
t
e
s
t
o
f
sp
h
e
r
i
c
i
t
y
a
p
p
r
o
x
.
C
h
i
-
sq
u
a
r
e
2
6
5
4
.
3
9
9
Df
2
3
1
S
i
g
.
0
.
0
0
0
T
ab
le
2
.
R
o
tated
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
m
atr
ix
I
t
e
m
CS
HM
MC
ER
RD
7
0
.
7
0
8
27
0
.
7
4
1
24
0
.
7
1
4
45
0
.
6
2
1
51
0
.
6
3
8
26
0
.
5
7
6
6
0
.
5
5
7
18
0
.
6
6
9
75
0
.
8
1
7
73
0
.
5
1
7
70
0
.
4
8
2
32
0
.
7
2
4
37
0
.
7
0
4
2
0
.
6
6
2
33
0
.
6
3
1
47
0
.
6
5
8
4
0
.
8
0
0
3
0
.
7
8
5
9
0
.
6
3
1
40
0
.
6
3
9
66
0
.
7
3
4
65
0
.
7
5
4
Ex
t
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
me
t
h
o
d
:
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
a
l
a
x
i
s
f
a
c
t
o
r
i
n
g
;
R
o
t
a
t
i
o
n
me
t
h
o
d
:
V
a
r
i
m
a
x
w
i
t
h
K
a
i
s
e
r
n
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
R
o
t
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
e
d
i
n
6
i
t
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s.
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
n
ce
p
t
-
m
ap
p
i
n
g
tab
le
o
f
r
etain
ed
item
s
to
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
C
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
R
e
t
a
i
n
e
d
i
t
e
ms
K
e
y
a
sp
e
c
t
c
o
v
e
r
e
d
CS
7
,
2
7
,
2
4
,
4
5
,
5
1
,
2
6
,
6
I
n
t
e
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
e
a
mw
o
r
k
,
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
HM
1
8
,
7
5
,
7
3
,
7
0
O
p
t
i
mi
sm
,
p
e
r
se
v
e
r
a
n
c
e
,
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
-
e
mo
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
MC
3
2
,
3
7
,
2
,
3
3
,
4
7
S
e
l
f
-
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
se
l
f
-
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
,
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
ER
4
,
3
,
9
S
t
r
e
ss m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
a
d
a
p
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
e
mo
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
RD
4
0
,
6
6
,
6
5
Et
h
i
c
a
l
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g
,
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
j
u
d
g
me
n
t
3
.
3
.
Relia
bil
it
y
a
na
l
y
s
is
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
PS
T
-
I
S
E
C
s
ca
le
was
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
in
d
ices,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
4
.
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
r
a
n
g
ed
f
r
o
m
0
.
6
5
7
(
HM
)
to
0
.
8
2
5
(
CS
)
,
w
ith
an
o
v
er
all
alp
h
a
o
f
0
.
7
3
5
,
r
e
f
lectin
g
th
e
lim
ited
item
s
an
d
co
n
ce
p
tu
a
l
b
r
ea
d
t
h
o
f
ea
r
ly
-
s
tag
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
[
2
2
]
.
CR
r
an
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
0
.
6
5
7
to
0
.
8
2
5
,
ex
ce
ed
in
g
th
e
0
.
6
0
b
en
c
h
m
ar
k
[
2
3
]
,
a
n
d
Mc
Do
n
ald
’
s
o
m
eg
a
(
ω
)
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
0
.
6
6
0
t
o
0
.
8
2
8
.
C
o
r
r
ec
ted
item
-
to
tal
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
(
0
.
3
2
–
0
.
7
0
)
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
item
r
eten
tio
n
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
item
7
0
,
r
etai
n
ed
f
o
r
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
elev
an
ce
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
ad
eq
u
ate
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
s
ca
le’
s
u
s
e,
th
o
u
g
h
f
u
r
th
e
r
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
am
in
e
c
r
iter
io
n
-
r
elate
d
a
n
d
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
v
ali
d
ity
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t in
v
ar
ia
n
ce
.
3
.
4
.
Co
nfir
m
a
t
o
ry
f
a
ct
o
r
a
n
a
ly
s
is
Fo
llo
win
g
E
FA,
C
FA
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
l
aten
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
ass
ess
th
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
th
e
PS
T
-
I
SEC
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
iv
e
-
f
ac
t
o
r
m
o
d
el
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
ac
ce
p
t
ab
le
f
it
to
th
e
d
ata,
with
all
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
d
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
ex
ce
e
d
in
g
0
.
5
0
,
ex
ce
p
t
f
o
r
item
7
0
(
0
.
4
8
2
)
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
5
,
w
h
ich
was
r
etain
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
eo
r
etica
l
ju
s
tific
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
C
FA
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
ter
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
u
r
th
er
s
t
u
d
ies
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
c
r
iter
io
n
-
r
elate
d
an
d
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
to
test
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t in
v
a
r
ian
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t te
ac
h
er
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
26
:
2
5
8
8
-
2
5
9
6
2592
T
ab
le
4
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
PS
T
-
I
SEC
s
ca
le
s
u
b
s
ca
les
La
t
e
n
t
c
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s
a
l
p
h
a
CR
M
c
D
o
n
a
l
d
’
s ω
CS
0
.
8
2
5
0
.
8
2
5
0
.
8
2
8
HM
0
.
6
5
7
0
.
6
5
7
0
.
6
6
0
MC
0
.
7
6
3
0
.
7
6
3
0
.
7
6
5
ER
0
.
7
3
3
0
.
7
3
3
0
.
7
3
6
RD
0
.
6
9
9
0
.
6
9
9
0
.
7
0
1
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
s
c
a
l
e
0
.
7
3
5
0
.
7
3
5
0
.
7
3
8
T
ab
le
5
.
Stan
d
a
r
d
ized
f
ac
t
o
r
l
o
ad
in
g
s
La
t
e
n
t
c
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
I
t
e
m
F
a
c
t
o
r
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
CS
7
0
.
7
0
8
CS
27
0
.
7
4
1
CS
24
0
.
7
1
4
CS
45
0
.
6
2
1
CS
51
0
.
6
3
8
CS
26
0
.
5
7
6
CS
6
0
.
5
5
7
HM
18
0
.
6
6
9
HM
75
0
.
8
1
7
HM
73
0
.
5
1
7
HM
70
0
.
4
8
2
MC
32
0
.
7
2
4
MC
37
0
.
7
0
4
MC
2
0
.
6
6
2
MC
33
0
.
6
3
1
MC
47
0
.
6
5
8
ER
4
0
.
8
0
0
ER
3
0
.
7
8
5
ER
9
0
.
6
3
1
RD
40
0
.
6
3
9
RD
66
0
.
7
3
4
RD
65
0
.
7
5
4
C
FA
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ex
am
i
n
e
th
e
laten
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
P
ST
-
I
SEC
sc
ale.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
iv
e
-
f
ac
to
r
m
o
d
el
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
ad
eq
u
at
e
f
it,
with
all
f
it
in
d
ices
m
ee
tin
g
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
t
h
r
esh
o
l
d
s
,
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
6
.
Mo
s
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
d
f
a
cto
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
ex
ce
ed
ed
0
.
5
0
,
with
I
tem
7
0
(
0
.
4
8
2
)
r
etain
e
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
r
etica
l
ju
s
tific
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t f
o
r
th
e
in
ter
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
an
a
cc
ep
tab
le
f
it
to
t
h
e
d
ata
b
ased
o
n
m
u
ltip
le
f
it
in
d
ices:
C
MI
N/DF=2
.
7
2
5
(
ac
ce
p
tab
le)
,
R
MSE
A=
0
.
0
6
5
(
ac
ce
p
tab
le)
,
SR
MR=0
.
0
2
7
(
g
o
o
d
)
,
C
FI=
0
.
8
7
1
(
s
lig
h
tly
b
el
o
w
th
r
esh
o
ld
)
,
an
d
T
L
I
=0
.
8
5
0
(
s
lig
h
tly
b
elo
w
th
r
esh
o
ld
)
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
C
FI
an
d
T
L
I
f
all
s
lig
h
tly
b
elo
w
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
o
f
0
.
9
0
,
o
v
e
r
all
m
o
d
el
f
it
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
ec
au
s
e
R
MSE
A
an
d
SR
M
R
in
d
icate
ac
ce
p
tab
le
to
g
o
o
d
f
it.
Fit
in
d
ex
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
ar
e
g
u
id
elin
es
r
ath
er
th
an
s
tr
ict
r
u
les,
an
d
in
co
m
p
lex
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
els,
in
cr
em
en
tal
in
d
ices
s
u
ch
as
C
FI
an
d
T
L
I
ar
e
o
f
ten
m
o
d
er
ately
lo
wer
wh
ile
o
th
er
in
d
ices
s
h
o
w
ac
ce
p
tab
le
f
it
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
in
d
ices
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
u
f
f
icien
t
ev
id
e
n
ce
th
at
th
e
f
iv
e
-
f
ac
to
r
m
o
d
el
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
ly
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
laten
t stru
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
PS
T
-
I
SEC s
ca
le.
T
ab
le
6
.
Mo
d
el
o
f
f
it v
alu
es
F
i
t
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
R
e
c
o
mm
e
n
d
e
d
t
h
r
e
sh
o
l
d
M
o
d
e
l
f
i
t
v
a
l
u
e
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
C
M
I
N
/
D
F
(
χ
²/
d
f
)
≤
2
=
g
o
o
d
,
2
–
3=
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
2
.
7
2
5
A
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
f
i
t
R
M
S
EA
≤
0
.
0
5
=
g
o
o
d
,
0
.
0
5
–
0
.
0
8
=
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
0
.
0
6
5
A
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
f
i
t
S
R
M
R
≤
0
.
0
5
=
g
o
o
d
,
0
.
0
5
–
0
.
1
0
=
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
0
.
0
2
7
G
o
o
d
f
i
t
C
F
I
≥
0
.
9
0
=
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
0
.
8
7
1
S
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
b
e
l
o
w
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
;
m
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
f
i
t
TLI
≥
0
.
9
0
=
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
0
.
8
5
0
S
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
b
e
l
o
w
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
;
m
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
f
i
t
3
.
4
.
1
.
Co
nv
er
g
ent
v
a
lid
it
y
a
n
d c
o
m
po
s
it
e
re
lia
bil
it
y
C
o
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
was
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
av
er
a
g
e
v
ar
ian
ce
e
x
tr
ac
ted
(
AVE
)
,
a
n
d
i
n
ter
n
al
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
was
ass
es
s
ed
with
CR
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
7
,
th
e
AVE
v
alu
e
s
o
f
th
e
f
iv
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts
r
a
n
g
ed
f
r
o
m
0
.
4
0
t
o
0
.
5
5
,
wh
ich
is
s
lig
h
tly
b
elo
w
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
th
r
esh
o
l
d
o
f
0
.
5
0
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts.
T
h
is
lev
el
o
f
v
a
r
ian
ce
ex
p
lain
ed
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ac
ce
p
tab
le
f
o
r
an
ea
r
ly
-
s
tag
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
o
r
a
n
ewly
d
ev
elo
p
ed
s
ca
le
s
u
ch
as
th
e
P
ST
-
I
SEC.
T
h
e
C
R
v
alu
es
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
0
.
6
5
7
to
0
.
8
2
5
,
ex
ce
e
d
in
g
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
m
in
im
u
m
o
f
0
.
6
0
f
o
r
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
r
esear
ch
[
2
3
]
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
al
l
C
R
f
o
r
th
e
s
ca
le
was 0
.
7
3
5
,
f
u
r
th
e
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
s
s
ess
in
g
in
teg
r
a
ted
s
o
cia
l
-
e
mo
tio
n
a
l a
n
d
co
g
n
itive
co
mp
e
ten
cies in
p
r
e
-
s
ervice
…
(
Jo
y
D.
Ta
len
s
)
2593
T
ab
le
7
.
C
o
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
a
n
d
CR
o
f
th
e
PS
T
-
I
SEC
s
ca
l
e
La
t
e
n
t
c
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
AVE
CR
CS
0
.
4
3
0
.
8
2
5
HM
0
.
4
0
0
.
6
5
7
MC
0
.
4
6
0
.
7
6
3
ER
0
.
5
5
0
.
7
3
3
RD
0
.
5
1
0
.
6
9
9
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
0
.
7
3
5
3
.
4
.
2
.
Dis
cr
im
ina
nt
v
a
lid
it
y
Dis
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
was
ev
a
lu
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
Fo
r
n
ell
-
L
a
r
ck
er
cr
iter
io
n
.
T
h
e
s
q
u
ar
e
r
o
o
t
o
f
th
e
AVE
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
(
d
ia
g
o
n
al
v
alu
es
,
as
in
T
ab
le
8
)
ex
ce
ed
ed
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
with
all
o
th
er
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
(
o
f
f
-
d
iag
o
n
al
v
alu
es).
T
h
is
p
r
o
v
id
es
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
e
v
id
en
ce
th
at
ea
ch
laten
t
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
s
h
ar
es
m
o
r
e
v
ar
ian
ce
with
its
o
wn
in
d
icato
r
s
th
an
with
o
th
er
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
t
h
e
f
iv
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
—
CS
,
HM
,
MC,
E
R
,
an
d
R
D
—
ar
e
em
p
ir
ically
d
i
s
tin
g
u
is
h
ab
le.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
ev
id
e
n
ce
f
o
r
th
e
em
p
ir
ical
d
is
tin
ctiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
f
iv
e
late
n
t
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
an
d
o
f
f
er
a
clea
r
b
asis
f
o
r
v
is
u
alizin
g
th
eir
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
an
d
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
a
l a
n
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
co
m
p
eten
cies,
as illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
ab
le
8
.
Dis
cr
im
in
an
t
v
al
i
d
ity
o
f
th
e
PS
T
-
I
SEC
sc
ale
(
Fo
r
n
e
ll
-
L
ar
ck
er
cr
i
ter
io
n
)
La
t
e
n
t
c
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
CS
HM
MC
ER
RD
CS
0
.
6
6
0
.
4
5
0
.
4
0
0
.
3
8
0
.
4
2
HM
0
.
4
5
0
.
6
3
0
.
3
7
0
.
3
6
0
.
4
0
MC
0
.
4
0
0
.
3
7
0
.
6
8
0
.
3
9
0
.
4
1
ER
0
.
3
8
0
.
3
6
0
.
3
9
0
.
7
4
0
.
3
8
RD
0
.
4
2
0
.
4
0
0
.
4
1
0
.
3
8
0
.
7
1
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fiv
e
laten
t c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
s
an
d
th
eir
ass
o
ciate
d
item
s
illu
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
o
f
s
o
c
ial
-
em
o
ti
o
n
al
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
26
:
2
5
8
8
-
2
5
9
6
2594
3
.
5
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n
wit
h pre
v
io
us
re
s
ea
rc
h
Un
lik
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
3
]
,
[
2
6
]
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
ly
o
n
SEL
,
t
h
e
PS
T
-
I
SEC
sc
ale
in
teg
r
ates
co
g
n
itiv
e
co
m
p
eten
cies,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
h
o
l
is
tic
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
PST
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
s
k
ills
.
C
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
by
Me
g
awa
ti
et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
o
n
t
h
eir
in
ter
c
o
n
n
ec
t
io
n
,
th
e
s
ca
le
s
h
o
ws
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
in
ter
n
al
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
th
o
u
g
h
f
u
r
th
e
r
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
estab
li
s
h
cr
iter
io
n
-
r
elate
d
an
d
p
r
ed
ict
iv
e
v
alid
ity
b
ef
o
r
e
ap
p
ly
in
g
it to
teac
h
er
r
ea
d
in
es
s
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
u
tco
m
es.
3.
6
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
p
r
elim
in
a
r
y
ev
i
d
en
ce
f
o
r
f
iv
e
I
SEC
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
in
PST
:
C
S,
HM
,
M
C
,
E
R
,
an
d
RD
.
T
h
ese
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
ar
e
th
eo
r
etica
lly
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
an
d
co
n
ce
p
tu
ally
clea
r
.
T
h
e
PS
T
-
I
SEC
Scale
ex
ten
d
s
ex
is
tin
g
m
ea
s
u
r
es
b
y
in
teg
r
ati
n
g
co
g
n
itiv
e
an
d
em
o
ti
o
n
al
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
.
W
h
ile
m
ajo
r
SEL
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
s
u
ch
as
C
ASEL
SEL
[
1
]
,
SS
I
S
SEL
[
2
8
]
,
an
d
Dev
er
eu
x
s
tu
d
en
t
s
tr
en
g
th
s
ass
es
s
m
en
t
(
DE
SS
A
)
[
2
9
]
em
p
h
asize
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
d
o
m
ain
s
,
th
ey
lar
g
ely
o
m
it
co
g
n
itiv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
s
u
ch
as
p
lan
n
in
g
,
r
ef
le
ctiv
e
th
in
k
in
g
,
an
d
atten
tio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l.
Similar
ly
,
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
i
n
clu
d
in
g
Ma
y
er
-
Salo
v
ey
-
C
ar
u
s
o
em
o
tio
n
al
in
tellig
en
ce
test
(
MSC
E
I
T
)
[
3
0
]
,
t
r
ait
em
o
tio
n
al
in
tellig
en
ce
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
(
T
E
I
Qu
e
)
[
3
1
]
,
a
n
d
s
o
cial
em
o
tio
n
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
(
c
h
ild
v
er
s
io
n
)
(
C
-
SECQ
)
f
o
cu
s
o
n
em
o
tio
n
al
in
tellig
en
ce
o
r
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
l
atio
n
b
u
t
lack
an
in
teg
r
ated
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
–
em
o
tio
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
Oth
e
r
to
o
ls
—
s
u
ch
as
th
e
teac
h
e
r
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
s
ca
le
[
3
2
]
,
class
r
o
o
m
teac
h
er
s
elf
-
e
f
f
ica
cy
s
ca
le
(
C
T
SES
)
[
3
3
]
,
J
en
n
in
g
s
an
d
Gr
ee
n
b
er
g
’
s
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
teac
h
e
r
co
m
p
eten
cy
s
ca
le
[
3
4
]
,
teac
h
er
em
o
tio
n
in
v
en
to
r
y
[
3
5
]
,
a
n
d
teac
h
e
r
r
e
f
lectio
n
an
d
c
o
g
n
itio
n
s
ca
le
[
3
6
]
—
ass
es
s
r
elate
d
co
m
p
eten
cies sep
ar
ately
,
leav
in
g
a
g
a
p
in
c
o
m
b
in
ed
ev
al
u
atio
n
.
At
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
lev
el,
PS
T
-
I
SEC o
f
f
er
s
d
is
tin
ct
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
:
C
S
in
teg
r
ates in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
wi
th
team
wo
r
k
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
i
n
g
;
HM
co
m
b
i
n
es
p
er
s
ev
er
a
n
ce
,
p
lan
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
m
etac
o
g
n
i
tiv
e
r
ef
lectio
n
;
MC
em
p
h
asizes
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
a
n
d
atten
tio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l;
ER
ad
d
r
ess
es
s
tr
e
s
s
m
an
ag
em
en
t
am
o
n
g
PST
;
an
d
RD
m
er
g
es
eth
ical
ju
d
g
m
e
n
t
wi
th
co
g
n
itiv
e
–
em
o
tio
n
al
r
e
f
lectio
n
.
Pra
ctica
lly
,
PS
T
-
I
SEC
p
r
o
v
id
es
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
with
a
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
ed
to
o
l
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
to
in
f
o
r
m
m
en
to
r
in
g
,
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
d
esig
n
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
eo
r
e
tically
,
it
ad
v
an
ce
s
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
co
g
n
itiv
e
–
em
o
tio
n
al
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
in
teac
h
in
g
.
Me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ically
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
s
ca
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
l
o
r
ato
r
y
an
d
co
n
f
i
r
m
ato
r
y
f
ac
t
o
r
an
aly
s
es
an
d
m
u
ltip
le
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
d
ices,
in
clu
d
in
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a,
Mc
Do
n
ald
’
s
o
m
eg
a,
an
d
CR
.
E
v
id
en
ce
is
cu
r
r
en
tly
lim
ited
to
i
n
ter
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
a
m
in
e
cr
iter
io
n
-
r
elate
d
an
d
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
v
alid
ity
,
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
in
v
a
r
ian
ce
,
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
.
Ov
er
all,
PST
-
I
SEC
ad
d
r
ess
es
a
k
ey
g
a
p
b
y
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
th
eo
r
etica
lly
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
,
p
r
ac
tically
u
s
ef
u
l,
a
n
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ically
r
o
b
u
s
t m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
ea
r
l
y
-
s
tag
e
teac
h
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
p
r
elim
in
a
r
y
ev
id
en
ce
f
o
r
th
e
in
ter
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
PST
-
I
SEC
s
ca
le
.
T
h
e
s
ca
le
’
s
2
2
item
s
ca
p
tu
r
e
f
iv
e
in
teg
r
ate
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
—
C
S,
HM
,
M
C
,
E
R
,
an
d
R
D
—
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
ate
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
o
f
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
co
m
p
eten
cies in
PST
.
E
FA
an
d
C
FA
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2595
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
C
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
v
e
f
o
r
A
c
a
d
e
mi
c
,
S
o
c
i
a
l
,
a
n
d
Em
o
t
i
o
n
a
l
Le
a
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n
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n
g
(
C
A
S
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,
“
F
u
n
d
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m
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l
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o
f
S
EL
.”
C
a
s
e
l
.
o
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g
.
A
c
c
e
ss
e
d
:
A
p
r
.
1
8
,
2
0
2
6
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
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s
:
/
/
c
a
s
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.
o
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g
/
f
u
n
d
a
me
n
t
a
l
s
-
of
-
sel
/
[
2
]
K
.
A
.
S
c
h
o
n
e
r
t
-
R
e
i
c
h
l
,
M
.
J
.
K
i
t
i
l
,
a
n
d
J.
H
a
n
so
n
-
P
e
t
e
r
s
o
n
,
“
T
o
r
e
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c
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t
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t
s
,
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e
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:
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n
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p
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mo
t
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o
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l
l
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g
,
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r
e
p
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o
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o
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m
i
c
,
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o
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n
d
Em
o
t
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a
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Le
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g
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A
S
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n
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o
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,
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.
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.
:
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n
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sh
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m
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a
.
2
0
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7
.
[
3
]
M
.
A
.
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r
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t
,
M
.
R
.
R
e
y
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.
E.
R
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v
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r
s,
N
.
A
.
El
b
e
r
t
so
n
,
a
n
d
P
.
S
a
l
o
v
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y
,
“
A
ss
e
ssi
n
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a
c
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r
s’
b
e
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i
e
f
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a
b
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t
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a
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r
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g
,
”
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o
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l
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Psy
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1
7
7
/
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3
4
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8
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9
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4
2
4
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7
9
.
[
4
]
D
.
K
a
t
z
,
J
.
M
a
h
f
o
u
z
,
a
n
d
S
.
R
o
mas
,
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o
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5
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2
0
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5
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2
.
5
.
[
5
]
D
.
S
h
i
r
l
e
y
a
n
d
A
.
H
a
r
g
r
e
a
v
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s,
“
G
o
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n
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l
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-
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o
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w
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-
b
e
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a
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.
1
,
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p
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–
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7
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7
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2
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1
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3
6
4
9
.
[
6
]
Y
.
Z
h
a
o
a
n
d
B
.
S
a
n
g
,
“
T
h
e
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f
f
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c
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o
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so
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i
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l
–
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m
o
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o
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a
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p
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ms
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t
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r
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a
n
d
mi
d
d
l
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sc
h
o
o
l
st
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d
e
n
t
s’
a
c
a
d
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m
i
c
a
c
h
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e
v
e
me
n
t
:
a
me
t
a
-
a
n
a
l
y
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i
c
r
e
v
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e
w
,
”
Be
h
a
v
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o
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S
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s
,
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l
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5
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2
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:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
b
s
1
5
1
1
1
5
2
7
.
[
7
]
L.
H
u
a
,
Z
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
H
.
W
a
n
g
,
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