I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
v
a
lua
t
io
n a
nd
Resea
rc
h in E
du
ca
t
io
n (
I
J
E
RE
)
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
26
,
p
p
.
2033
~
2
0
4
0
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ijer
e
.
v
15
i
3
.
3
6
6
8
8
2033
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ere.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
So
cia
l
supp
o
rt
a
n
d so
cia
l connecte
dness
as
predic
to
rs o
f
students
’
resili
en
ce f
ro
m a
s
tate u
n
iv
ersity
K
ev
in T
.
L
a
g
a
t
1
,
M
ra
L
y
m
e
F
.
Co
rr
ec
he
2
1
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
T
e
a
c
h
e
r
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
B
i
l
i
r
a
n
P
r
o
v
i
n
c
e
S
t
a
t
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
N
a
v
a
l
,
P
h
i
l
i
p
p
i
n
e
s
2
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
S
a
mar S
t
a
t
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
C
a
t
b
a
l
o
g
a
n
C
i
t
y
,
P
h
i
l
i
p
p
i
n
e
s
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Au
g
23
,
2
0
2
5
R
ev
is
ed
Mar
17
,
2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
May
14
,
2
0
2
6
M
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
iss
u
e
s
o
f
stu
d
e
n
t
s
a
re
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
p
rimo
r
d
ial
c
o
n
c
e
rn
s
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
i
n
stit
u
ti
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
o
st
-
p
a
n
d
e
m
ic
e
ra
.
Th
u
s,
re
sili
e
n
c
e
a
s
a
n
in
n
a
te
trait
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
i
n
fre
q
u
e
n
t
d
isc
u
ss
io
n
s
f
o
r
i
ts
p
o
siti
v
e
im
p
a
c
t
o
n
we
ll
-
b
e
in
g
.
Th
is
stu
d
y
a
ime
d
to
a
n
a
ly
z
e
wh
e
th
e
r
so
c
ial
su
p
p
o
rt
a
n
d
so
c
ial
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
n
e
ss
we
re
p
re
d
icto
rs
o
f
re
sili
e
n
c
e
a
m
o
n
g
u
n
d
e
rg
ra
d
u
a
te
stu
d
e
n
ts.
Util
izin
g
a
p
re
d
icti
v
e
n
o
n
-
e
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
re
se
a
r
c
h
d
e
sig
n
,
d
a
ta
we
re
g
a
th
e
re
d
fro
m
4
0
2
ra
n
d
o
m
l
y
se
lec
ted
stu
d
e
n
ts
fro
m
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
i
n
st
it
u
ti
o
n
i
n
e
a
ste
rn
P
h
il
i
p
p
i
n
e
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tan
d
a
rd
ize
d
sc
a
les
.
S
tatisti
c
a
l
a
n
a
ly
se
s
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
d
e
sc
rip
ti
v
e
a
n
d
i
n
fe
re
n
ti
a
l
sta
ti
stics
.
Re
su
lt
s
re
v
e
a
led
t
h
a
t
stu
d
e
n
ts
h
a
d
h
ig
h
lev
e
ls
o
f
so
c
ial
s
u
p
p
o
rt
,
so
c
ial
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
n
e
ss
,
a
n
d
re
sili
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
th
a
t
th
e
th
re
e
v
a
riab
les
a
re
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
tl
y
c
o
rre
late
d
.
M
o
re
o
v
e
r,
re
su
lt
s
o
f
re
g
re
ss
io
n
a
n
a
ly
sis
s
h
o
we
d
t
h
a
t
b
o
th
v
a
riab
les
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
tl
y
p
re
d
icte
d
re
sili
e
n
c
e
,
with
s
o
c
ial
su
p
p
o
rt
e
x
e
rti
n
g
a
stro
n
g
e
r
in
fl
u
e
n
c
e
.
I
n
c
o
n
c
lu
sio
n
,
th
e
p
o
siti
v
e
i
n
flu
e
n
c
e
o
f
so
c
i
a
l
su
p
p
o
rt
a
n
d
s
o
c
ial
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss
o
n
stu
d
e
n
ts’
re
sili
e
n
c
e
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ts
th
e
imp
o
r
tan
c
e
o
f
f
o
ste
rin
g
s
u
p
p
o
rti
v
e
n
e
two
rk
s i
n
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
se
tt
i
n
g
s
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
R
esil
ien
ce
So
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
So
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
State
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Kev
in
T
.
L
ag
at
Sch
o
o
l o
f
T
ea
ch
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
B
ilira
n
Pro
v
in
ce
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
Nav
al,
B
ilira
n
6
5
6
0
,
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
E
m
ail: k
t.la
g
at@
b
ip
s
u
.
ed
u
.
p
h
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
well
-
b
ein
g
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
i
s
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
is
s
u
es
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
an
x
iety
,
s
tr
ess
,
an
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
i
d
en
tify
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
f
ac
t
o
r
s
th
at
f
o
s
ter
well
-
b
ein
g
,
e
s
p
ec
ially
r
esil
ien
ce
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
p
r
im
ar
y
co
n
ce
r
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
E
v
id
en
ce
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
v
ar
io
u
s
life
an
d
ac
ad
em
ic
-
r
elate
d
ch
al
len
g
es
h
av
e
ca
u
s
ed
s
tr
ess
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
h
av
e
af
f
ec
te
d
th
eir
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
[
1
]
–
[
3
]
.
W
ith
th
is
,
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
an
d
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
f
er
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
p
ath
way
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
well
-
b
ein
g
.
E
x
a
m
in
in
g
h
o
w
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
r
elate
to
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
r
esil
ien
ce
is
ess
en
tia
l
to
f
u
r
th
er
o
u
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
h
o
w
ex
ter
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
h
elp
f
o
s
ter
r
esil
ien
ce
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
th
u
s
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
eir
well
-
b
ein
g
.
R
esil
ien
ce
p
er
tain
s
to
th
e
in
n
ate
ab
ilit
y
o
f
a
p
er
s
o
n
o
r
an
in
ter
n
al
d
ef
en
s
e
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
to
en
d
u
r
e
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
o
v
er
co
m
e
a
d
v
er
s
ities
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
ly
co
n
d
u
cted
s
tu
d
ies
s
h
o
wed
th
at
r
esil
ien
ce
co
r
r
elate
s
with
o
th
er
in
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
s
elf
-
esteem
an
d
o
p
tim
is
m
[
6
]
–
[
1
0
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
ly
o
n
in
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
r
es
ilien
ce
,
an
d
lim
ited
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
h
o
w
ex
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
te
d
n
ess
co
u
ld
p
r
o
m
o
te
r
esil
ien
ce
am
o
n
g
in
d
iv
id
u
als
[
1
1
]
–
[
1
3
]
.
So
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
e
s
s
r
ef
er
s
to
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
a
n
d
e
x
ten
t
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als’
s
o
cial
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
s
an
d
th
eir
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
with
t
h
ese
b
o
n
d
s
[
1
4
]
.
E
m
p
ir
ical
ev
i
d
en
ce
s
h
o
ws
th
at
h
ig
h
er
le
v
els
o
f
s
o
cia
l
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
r
ed
u
ce
d
l
o
n
e
lin
ess
[
1
5
]
,
im
p
r
o
v
ed
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
[
1
6
]
,
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
s
tu
d
en
t
r
eten
tio
n
[
1
7
]
,
an
d
l
o
wer
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
in
s
elf
-
in
ju
r
io
u
s
th
o
u
g
h
ts
an
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
(
SIT
B
s
)
[
1
8
]
.
I
t
also
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
2
0
3
3
-
2
0
4
0
2034
s
tu
d
en
t
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
ac
ad
em
ic
s
u
cc
ess
,
an
d
o
v
er
all
well
-
b
ein
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
b
e
lo
n
g
in
g
a
n
d
s
o
cial
in
teg
r
atio
n
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
as
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
asp
ec
t
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
f
o
r
m
ed
with
o
th
er
s
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
th
e
ass
is
tan
ce
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
in
d
iv
id
u
als
with
in
o
n
e’
s
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
[
2
1
]
.
I
t
in
v
o
lv
es
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
f
am
ily
,
f
r
ien
d
s
,
an
d
p
ee
r
s
th
at
h
elp
s
in
d
iv
id
u
a
ls
co
p
e
with
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
s
tr
ess
o
r
s
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
ess
en
ce
,
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
th
at
in
d
iv
id
u
als
ca
n
r
ely
o
n
in
tim
es
o
f
d
if
f
icu
lty
.
Stu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
h
ig
h
e
r
le
v
els
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
en
h
a
n
ce
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
em
o
tio
n
al
in
tellig
en
ce
[
2
3
]
,
m
en
tal
well
-
b
ein
g
[
2
4
]
,
an
d
ac
ad
em
ic
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
[
2
5
]
.
T
o
g
et
h
er
,
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
an
d
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t r
e
p
r
esen
t k
e
y
ex
ter
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
th
at
m
ay
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
d
iv
id
u
als’
ca
p
ac
ity
to
ad
a
p
t
to
ch
allen
g
es.
E
x
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
r
esil
ien
ce
,
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
,
an
d
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ar
e
cr
u
cial
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
in
d
iv
id
u
als’
o
v
e
r
all
well
-
b
ein
g
.
S
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
also
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
in
ter
r
elatio
n
s
am
o
n
g
th
ese
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
estab
lis
h
ed
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
o
s
e
with
f
r
ien
d
s
an
d
f
am
ily
,
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
b
o
th
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
well
-
b
ein
g
[
2
2
]
.
So
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
also
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
an
ce
s
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
r
esil
ien
ce
am
o
n
g
y
o
u
th
,
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
in
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
n
etwo
r
k
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
is
is
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
f
in
d
in
g
s
id
en
tify
in
g
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
r
esil
ien
ce
,
a
s
well
as o
v
er
all
m
en
tal
welln
ess
[
2
7
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
r
esear
ch
h
as
s
h
o
wn
th
at
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
te
d
n
ess
m
ed
iates
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
f
ea
r
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
well
-
b
ein
g
,
e
m
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
v
ital
r
o
le
o
f
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
in
f
o
s
te
r
in
g
r
esil
ien
ce
a
n
d
m
itig
atin
g
n
eg
ativ
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
ef
f
ec
ts
[
2
8
]
.
Oth
er
s
tu
d
ies
co
n
clu
d
ed
t
h
at
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
s
ar
e
p
iv
o
tal
in
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
r
esil
ien
ce
b
y
b
u
f
f
er
in
g
a
g
ain
s
t
ad
v
e
r
s
e
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
o
u
tco
m
es
in
ch
allen
g
in
g
s
itu
atio
n
s
[
2
9
]
.
Similar
ly
,
s
tr
o
n
g
s
o
cial
b
o
n
d
s
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
r
esil
ien
ce
d
u
r
in
g
cr
is
es,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
r
o
b
u
s
t
s
o
cial
ties
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wit
h
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
c
o
p
e
with
s
tr
ess
f
u
l
ev
en
ts
[
3
0
]
.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
,
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
p
lay
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
les
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
well
-
b
ein
g
an
d
in
b
u
f
f
er
in
g
n
eg
ativ
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
o
u
tc
o
m
es
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
ese
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
ar
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
a
n
in
d
i
v
id
u
al’
s
h
ea
l
th
,
well
-
b
ein
g
,
a
n
d
o
v
er
all
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
g
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
in
s
ig
h
ts
,
im
p
o
r
tan
t
g
a
p
s
r
em
ain
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
p
r
i
o
r
s
tu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
ex
a
m
in
ed
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
,
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
,
th
er
e
r
em
ain
s
a
n
ee
d
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
h
o
w
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
in
ter
ac
t
wi
th
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
c
o
n
tex
t,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
am
id
r
is
in
g
m
en
t
al
h
ea
lth
co
n
ce
r
n
s
am
o
n
g
y
o
u
th
[
3
1
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
cu
ltu
r
al
an
d
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
if
f
er
en
c
es
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
ex
am
in
in
g
h
o
w
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
in
f
lu
en
ce
r
esil
ien
ce
am
o
n
g
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
wh
ile
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
an
aly
z
ed
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
,
an
d
b
etwe
en
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
,
lim
ited
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ex
am
in
e
d
h
o
w
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
in
ter
ac
t
wh
en
an
aly
ze
d
to
g
et
h
er
.
Giv
en
th
e
a
f
o
r
em
e
n
tio
n
ed
g
ap
s
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
b
o
d
y
o
f
liter
atu
r
e
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
n
o
v
el
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
n
h
o
w
ex
te
r
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
s
h
ap
e
r
esil
ien
ce
in
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t c
o
n
tex
t.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
ex
a
m
in
ed
wh
eth
er
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
e
s
s
p
r
ed
ict
r
esil
ien
ce
am
o
n
g
u
n
d
er
g
r
a
d
u
a
te
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
it
ai
m
ed
to
:
i
)
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
lev
el
s
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
,
an
d
r
e
s
ilien
ce
am
o
n
g
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
at
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
a
s
tate
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
;
ii
)
ass
e
s
s
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
t
h
ese
v
a
r
iab
les;
an
d
iii
)
ex
am
in
e
th
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
r
esil
ien
ce
.
B
y
id
en
tify
in
g
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
as
p
o
ten
tial
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
b
o
d
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
o
n
e
x
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
r
esil
ien
ce
wh
ile
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
cr
itical
r
o
le
o
f
s
o
cial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
in
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
well
-
b
ein
g
.
T
o
g
u
id
e
th
e
an
aly
s
is
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
n
u
ll
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
es we
r
e
test
ed
:
−
H₀₁
:
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t d
o
es
n
o
t sig
n
if
ican
tly
p
r
ed
ict
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
r
e
s
ilien
ce
.
−
H₀₂
:
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
d
o
e
s
n
o
t sig
n
if
ican
tly
p
r
ed
ict
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
r
esil
ien
ce
.
2.
T
H
E
O
R
E
T
I
CA
L
B
ACK
G
R
O
UND
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
s
o
cial
ca
p
ital
th
eo
r
y
,
wh
ic
h
p
o
s
its
th
at
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
in
d
iv
id
u
als
b
u
ild
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
v
alu
ab
le
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
th
at
en
h
a
n
ce
h
u
m
a
n
c
ap
ital
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
[
3
2
]
.
Stro
n
g
an
d
s
tab
le
s
o
cial
b
o
n
d
s
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
with
f
am
ily
,
p
ee
r
s
,
an
d
m
e
n
to
r
s
,
en
a
b
le
in
d
iv
id
u
als
to
ac
q
u
i
r
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
k
ills
an
d
attr
ib
u
tes
s
u
ch
as
r
esil
ien
ce
,
wh
ich
ca
n
its
elf
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ital
[
3
3
]
.
C
o
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
th
is
,
th
e
m
u
ltis
y
s
tem
ic
r
esil
i
en
ce
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
v
iews
r
esil
ien
ce
n
o
t
as
an
is
o
lated
tr
ait
b
u
t
as
a
d
y
n
am
ic
o
u
tco
m
e
s
h
ap
e
d
b
y
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
b
i
o
lo
g
ical,
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical,
s
o
cial,
an
d
ec
o
lo
g
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
[
3
4
]
.
T
o
g
eth
er
,
th
ese
th
eo
r
ies
em
p
h
asize
th
at
r
esil
ien
ce
d
ev
elo
p
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
ac
ce
s
s
to
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
wit
h
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
s
o
cial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
r
ath
er
th
an
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
d
iv
id
u
al
f
ac
to
r
s
alo
n
e.
T
h
ese
th
eo
r
etica
l u
n
d
er
p
in
n
in
g
s
wer
e
ex
p
licitly
r
ef
lecte
d
in
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
o
f
v
ar
iab
les o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
s
o
cial
ca
p
ital
th
eo
r
y
s
er
v
ed
as
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
as
k
ey
ex
ter
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
r
i
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les,
wh
ile
r
esil
ien
ce
was
tr
ea
ted
as
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
S
o
cia
l su
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
s
o
ci
a
l c
o
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
a
s
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f stu
d
en
ts
’
r
esil
ien
ce
fr
o
m
a
s
ta
te
…
(
K
ev
in
T.
La
g
a
t
)
2035
o
u
tco
m
e
v
ar
iab
le
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
h
u
m
a
n
ca
p
ital
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
m
u
lti
s
y
s
tem
ic
r
esil
ien
ce
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
itu
ates
th
ese
v
ar
iab
les
with
in
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
s
o
cial
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
er
e
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
ac
t
as
p
r
o
tectiv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
en
h
an
ce
r
esil
ien
ce
[
3
5
]
–
[
3
8
]
.
Gu
i
d
ed
b
y
th
e
s
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ex
am
in
e
d
b
o
t
h
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
an
d
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
co
n
t
r
ib
u
ti
o
n
s
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
ci
al
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
to
r
esil
ien
ce
,
th
er
eb
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
h
o
w
in
ter
c
o
n
n
ec
t
ed
s
o
cial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
ca
p
ac
ity
to
ad
ap
t a
n
d
th
r
iv
e.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
p
r
ed
ic
tiv
e
n
o
n
-
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
,
wh
ich
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
e
x
am
in
in
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
a
m
o
n
g
v
ar
iab
les
with
o
u
t
m
a
n
i
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
is
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
ly
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
wh
et
h
er
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
les
c
an
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
a
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
le.
Pre
d
ictiv
e
r
esear
ch
u
tili
ze
s
cu
r
r
en
t
o
r
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata
to
f
o
r
e
ca
s
t
o
u
tco
m
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tatis
tical
tech
n
iq
u
es
th
at
id
en
tify
p
atter
n
s
an
d
co
r
r
elati
o
n
s
[
3
9
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
ai
m
was
to
an
aly
ze
h
o
w
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
te
d
n
ess
an
d
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
as
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
les,
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
r
esil
ien
ce
as
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
allo
wed
f
o
r
a
n
em
p
ir
ical
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
p
o
wer
o
f
s
o
cial
f
a
cto
r
s
o
n
r
esil
ien
ce
with
o
u
t d
ir
ec
t in
ter
v
en
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cted
at
th
e
m
ain
ca
m
p
u
s
o
f
a
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
in
ea
s
ter
n
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
,
ar
ts
an
d
s
cien
ce
s
,
h
ea
lth
s
cien
ce
s
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
ter
s
tu
d
ies,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
an
d
en
t
r
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
,
cr
im
in
al
ju
s
tice
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
g
r
a
d
u
ate
s
tu
d
ies,
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
h
i
g
h
s
ch
o
o
l,
an
d
ag
r
if
is
h
er
ies.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
4
0
2
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
at
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
elec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
all
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ates
h
a
d
an
eq
u
al
ch
an
ce
o
f
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
d
ete
r
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
a
9
5
%
co
n
f
id
en
ce
le
v
el
an
d
a
5
%
m
ar
g
i
n
o
f
er
r
o
r
.
Pro
b
ab
ilit
y
r
a
n
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
is
cr
u
cial
in
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
s
tu
d
ies
as
it
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
th
at
all
p
o
p
u
la
tio
n
s
eg
m
en
ts
a
r
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
[
4
0
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
n
ly
b
o
n
a
f
id
e
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
a
d
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
en
r
o
lled
i
n
an
y
ac
ad
e
m
ic
p
r
o
g
r
am
o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
wer
e
in
clu
d
ed
in
t
h
e
s
am
p
lin
g
f
r
a
m
e
s
tu
d
y
,
wh
i
le
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
wer
e
ex
clu
d
ed
.
T
h
r
ee
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
d
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
wer
e
u
s
ed
:
th
e
C
o
n
n
o
r
-
Dav
i
d
s
o
n
R
esil
ien
ce
Scale
(
C
D
-
R
I
S
C
)
,
a
2
5
-
item
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
co
r
e
d
f
r
o
m
0
(
n
o
t
at
all
tr
u
e)
t
o
4
(
tr
u
e
n
ea
r
ly
all
th
e
tim
e)
,
wh
ich
h
as
b
ee
n
v
alid
ate
d
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
co
n
tex
ts
[
4
1
]
;
th
e
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
s
ca
le
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
(
MSPS
S),
wh
ich
ass
es
s
es
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
f
am
ily
,
f
r
ien
d
s
,
a
n
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
th
e
r
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
s
tr
o
n
g
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
(
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
α
=.
9
3
)
[
4
2
]
,
[
4
3
]
;
an
d
th
e
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
s
ca
le
-
r
ev
is
ed
(
SC
S
-
R
)
,
a
2
0
-
item
to
o
l
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
in
te
r
p
er
s
o
n
al
clo
s
en
ess
an
d
d
if
f
icu
lties
in
estab
lis
h
in
g
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
s
co
r
e
d
f
r
o
m
1
(
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
d
is
ag
r
ee
)
to
6
(
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
)
,
with
n
eg
ativ
ely
wo
r
d
e
d
item
s
r
ev
er
s
e
-
s
co
r
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
s
u
m
m
atio
n
[
4
4
]
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
in
th
e
lo
ca
l
s
ettin
g
,
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
wer
e
v
alid
ated
b
y
ex
p
e
r
ts
in
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
,
s
o
cio
lin
g
u
is
tics
,
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ics
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
v
alid
atio
n
r
atin
g
s
ca
le
[
4
5
]
,
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
in
g
with
3
0
n
o
n
-
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
y
ield
ed
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
α
v
alu
es
o
f
.
9
1
5
,
.
9
0
5
,
an
d
.
8
4
3
,
in
d
icatin
g
g
o
o
d
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
Af
ter
s
ec
u
r
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
v
al
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
ce
p
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
al,
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
r
o
ce
e
d
ed
with
in
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
en
t
f
r
o
m
r
esear
c
h
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
A
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
lin
k
co
n
tain
in
g
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
was
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
v
ia
Face
b
o
o
k
Me
s
s
en
g
er
o
r
em
ail.
C
o
n
f
id
en
tiality
an
d
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
p
ar
ti
cip
atio
n
wer
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
a
cc
o
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
Data
Priv
ac
y
Act.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
also
p
r
o
v
id
ed
with
d
etails
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
b
e
n
ef
its
,
r
is
k
s
,
an
d
th
ei
r
r
ig
h
ts
to
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
an
o
n
y
m
ity
.
All
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
s
ec
u
r
ely
s
to
r
e
d
an
d
tr
ea
ted
with
s
tr
ict
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
.
M
o
r
eo
v
e
r
,
d
a
ta
an
aly
s
is
in
v
o
lv
ed
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tic
s
,
s
u
ch
as
m
ea
n
s
(
M)
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
(
SD)
,
to
s
u
m
m
ar
iz
e
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
’
ch
a
r
ac
ter
i
s
tics
an
d
th
e
av
er
ag
e
lev
els
o
f
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
.
Pear
s
o
n
co
r
r
ela
tio
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
wer
e
co
m
p
u
t
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
an
d
d
i
r
ec
tio
n
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
e
s
s
,
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
s
tep
wis
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
id
en
tify
th
e
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
p
o
wer
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
te
d
n
ess
o
n
r
esil
ien
ce
,
ex
p
lain
in
g
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
ea
ch
p
r
ed
icto
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
d
to
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
in
r
esil
ien
ce
s
co
r
es.
T
h
e
s
tep
wis
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
was
ch
o
s
en
b
y
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
o
v
er
h
ier
ar
c
h
ical
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
as
it
allo
ws
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
to
id
en
tify
th
e
s
u
b
s
et
o
f
v
ar
ia
b
les
th
at
b
est
ex
p
l
ain
th
e
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
le.
Ov
e
r
all,
th
is
a
n
aly
ti
ca
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
o
t
o
n
ly
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ted
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
lev
els
o
f
th
ese
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
b
u
t
also
clar
if
ied
th
eir
in
ter
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
n
u
a
n
ce
d
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
r
esil
ien
ce
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tic
s
an
d
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
am
o
n
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
s
k
ewn
ess
v
alu
es
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
–
1
.
0
7
t
o
–
.
5
7
5
,
wh
ile
k
u
r
to
s
is
v
al
u
e
s
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
1
.
0
4
t
o
1
.
8
8
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
all
v
ar
iab
les
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
a
n
o
r
m
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
v
alu
es
f
all
wi
th
in
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
s
o
f
±
2
f
o
r
s
k
e
w
n
es
s
an
d
±
7
f
o
r
k
u
r
t
o
s
i
s
[
4
6
]
,
[
4
7
]
,
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
i
n
g
th
at
th
e
d
ata
m
e
t th
e
a
s
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
p
ar
a
m
e
t
r
i
c
an
aly
s
is
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
2
0
3
3
-
2
0
4
0
2036
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
d
h
i
g
h
lev
els
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
(
M=
7
1
.
7
,
SD=1
3
.
8
)
,
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
(
M=
5
.
2
6
,
SD=1
.
2
5
)
,
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
(
M=
7
5
.
7
,
SD=1
5
.
4
)
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
p
a
n
d
em
ic
p
er
io
d
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
h
a
d
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
a
n
ag
e
c
h
allen
g
es
an
d
s
tr
ess
o
r
s
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
u
tlo
o
k
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
in
th
e
f
ac
e
o
f
d
if
f
icu
lties
.
T
h
e
n
o
t
ab
ly
h
ig
h
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
f
o
r
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
f
u
r
th
er
in
d
icate
d
a
s
tr
o
n
g
s
en
s
e
o
f
b
elo
n
g
in
g
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
a
m
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
wh
ich
is
cr
u
ci
al
f
o
r
th
eir
o
v
er
all
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
well
-
b
ei
n
g
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Me
an
s
,
s
tan
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
atio
n
s
,
an
d
Pear
s
o
n
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
v
a
r
iab
les
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
M
SD
S
k
e
w
n
e
ss
K
u
r
t
o
si
s
1
2
3
1
.
S
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss
7
5
.
7
1
5
.
4
-
.
5
7
5
1
.
3
9
-
2
.
S
o
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
5
.
2
6
1
.
2
5
-
1
.
0
7
1
.
0
4
.
3
3
9
*
*
*
-
3
.
R
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
7
1
.
7
1
3
.
8
-
.
9
1
3
1
.
8
8
.
3
4
0
*
*
*
.
4
3
2
*
*
*
-
N
o
t
e
:
N
=
4
0
2
;
*
*
*
C
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
a
t
t
h
e
.
0
0
1
l
e
v
e
l
(
2
-
t
a
i
l
e
d
)
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
two
-
tailed
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
an
al
y
s
is
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
e
latio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t (
r
=.
4
3
2
,
p
=.
0
0
1
)
as
w
ell
as
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
s
o
cial
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
(
r
=.
3
4
0
,
p
=.
0
0
1
)
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
s
o
cial
c
o
n
n
e
cted
n
ess
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
c
o
r
r
elat
ed
(
r
=.
3
3
9
,
p
=.
0
0
1
)
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
d
th
at
al
l
th
r
ee
v
ar
iab
les
wer
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
ly
ass
o
ciate
d
:
h
ig
h
er
le
v
els
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
co
r
r
elate
d
with
in
cr
ea
s
ed
r
esil
ien
ce
,
w
h
ile
g
r
ea
ter
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
was
al
s
o
lin
k
ed
to
h
ig
h
er
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
a
s
tep
wis
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ex
am
in
e
wh
eth
er
s
o
c
ial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
cial
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
n
ess
ca
n
p
r
ed
ict
r
esil
ien
ce
.
As
illu
s
tr
ated
in
T
ab
le
2
,
m
o
d
el
1
in
d
icate
d
th
at
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ac
co
u
n
t
ed
f
o
r
1
8
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
in
r
esil
ien
ce
(
R
²
=.
1
8
6
,
F=1
7
.
2
8
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
,
wh
ile
m
o
d
el
2
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
ex
p
lain
s
1
1
%
o
f
th
e
v
a
r
ian
ce
(
R
²=
.
1
1
6
,
F=1
5
.
0
2
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
.
Ho
wev
er
,
wh
e
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
g
eth
er
in
m
o
d
el
3
,
b
o
th
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
jo
in
tly
ex
p
lain
ed
2
2
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
(
R
²=
.
2
2
9
,
F=1
0
.
4
6
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Step
wis
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
,
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
M
o
d
e
l
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
o
r
(
s)
R
R²
F
M
o
d
e
l
1
S
o
c
i
a
l
su
p
p
o
r
t
.
4
3
2
.
1
8
6
1
7
.
2
8
M
o
d
e
l
2
S
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss
.
3
4
0
.
1
1
6
1
5
.
0
2
M
o
d
e
l
3
S
o
c
i
a
l
su
p
p
o
r
t
+
so
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss
.
4
7
9
.
2
2
9
1
0
.
4
6
N
o
t
e
:
m
o
d
e
l
1
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
o
r
=
so
c
i
a
l
su
p
p
o
r
t
;
m
o
d
e
l
2
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
o
r
=
so
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss;
mo
d
e
l
3
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
o
r
s=
so
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
so
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
d
th
at
i
n
d
iv
id
u
ally
,
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
g
r
ea
te
r
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
t
o
r
esil
ien
ce
(
β=.4
3
2
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
te
d
n
ess
(
β=.3
4
0
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
m
o
d
el
3
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
d
th
at
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
es
s
to
g
eth
er
(
R
=.
4
7
9
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
p
r
ed
ict
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
r
esil
ien
ce
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
alto
g
eth
e
r
r
ejec
t
ed
th
e
n
u
ll
h
y
p
o
th
eses
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
d
th
at
b
o
th
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
p
r
ed
ict
ed
r
e
s
ilien
ce
,
lead
in
g
to
th
e
r
ejec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
n
u
ll h
y
p
o
t
h
eses
.
5.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
d
i
ca
te
d
th
at
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
r
elativ
ely
h
ig
h
lev
els o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
,
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
g
e
n
er
ally
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
ad
ap
tin
g
to
c
h
allen
g
es
an
d
m
ain
tain
in
g
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
well
-
b
ein
g
d
esp
ite
v
a
r
io
u
s
ac
ad
em
i
c
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
life
d
em
an
d
s
.
T
h
is
co
u
ld
b
e
ex
p
la
in
ed
b
y
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
r
esil
ien
ce
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
o
u
ts
tan
d
in
g
tr
a
it
s
am
o
n
g
Fil
ip
in
o
s
[
4
8
]
.
Als
o
,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
lev
els
o
f
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
f
u
r
th
er
im
p
l
ied
a
s
tr
o
n
g
s
en
s
e
o
f
b
e
lo
n
g
in
g
with
in
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
,
wh
ile
th
e
h
ig
h
s
o
ci
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
co
r
es
s
u
g
g
est
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
r
eliab
le
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
r
o
m
f
am
ily
,
p
ee
r
s
,
a
n
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
th
er
s
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
w
er
e
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ated
b
y
e
x
is
tin
g
l
iter
atu
r
e
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
s
o
cial
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
r
esil
ien
ce
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
f
in
d
in
g
s
c
o
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
at
b
o
t
h
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
wer
e
p
o
s
i
tiv
ely
ass
o
ciate
d
with
r
esil
ien
ce
[
3
7
]
,
[
4
9
]
,
[
5
0
]
.
Als
o
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
also
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
at
as
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
lev
els
in
cr
ea
s
e,
th
e
lev
els
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
also
in
c
r
ea
s
e;
th
u
s
,
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
is
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
r
e
d
icto
r
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
5
1
]
,
[
5
2
]
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
s
o
cial
b
o
n
d
s
s
er
v
e
as
p
r
o
tectiv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
als
with
em
o
tio
n
al
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al,
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
S
o
cia
l su
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
s
o
ci
a
l c
o
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
a
s
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f stu
d
en
ts
’
r
esil
ien
ce
fr
o
m
a
s
ta
te
…
(
K
ev
in
T.
La
g
a
t
)
2037
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
th
at
h
e
lp
b
u
f
f
er
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
s
tr
ess
an
d
a
d
v
er
s
ity
[
3
0
]
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
en
ab
les
in
d
iv
id
u
als
to
ac
ce
s
s
ca
r
e
an
d
ass
is
tan
ce
d
u
r
in
g
d
if
f
icu
lt
s
itu
atio
n
s
,
th
er
eb
y
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
th
eir
ca
p
ac
ity
to
co
p
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
[
5
3
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
h
ig
h
lev
els
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
m
a
y
b
e
p
ar
tly
e
x
p
lain
e
d
b
y
th
e
cu
ltu
r
al
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
is
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ically
s
itu
ated
with
in
th
e
ty
p
h
o
o
n
b
elt
an
d
th
e
p
ac
i
f
ic
r
in
g
o
f
f
ir
e
,
ex
p
o
s
in
g
its
p
o
p
u
latio
n
to
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
n
atu
r
al
d
is
aster
s
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
r
esil
ien
ce
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
cu
lt
u
r
ally
em
b
ed
d
ed
tr
ait
am
o
n
g
Fil
ip
in
o
s
,
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
r
e
p
ea
ted
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
ad
v
e
r
s
ity
an
d
r
ec
o
v
er
y
[
5
4
]
,
[
5
5
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
f
am
ily
ties
,
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
Fil
ip
in
o
cu
ltu
r
e,
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ly
to
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als’
s
en
s
e
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
as
f
am
ily
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
te
n
s
er
v
e
as
p
r
im
a
r
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
em
o
tio
n
al
an
d
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
ass
is
tan
ce
[
5
6
]
.
B
ey
o
n
d
th
e
f
am
ily
,
co
m
m
u
n
al
v
alu
es
f
o
s
ter
s
tr
o
n
g
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
with
in
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
r
u
r
al
a
r
ea
s
,
f
u
r
th
er
en
h
an
cin
g
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
[
5
7
]
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
t
h
ese
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
te
d
s
o
cial
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
b
o
t
h
f
am
ily
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
n
etw
o
r
k
s
,
p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
in
g
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
,
c
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
r
esil
ien
ce
am
o
n
g
in
d
i
v
id
u
als.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
also
r
ev
ea
led
t
h
at
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
is
a
s
tr
o
n
g
er
p
r
ed
icto
r
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
wh
ile
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
b
elo
n
g
in
g
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t,
th
e
ac
tu
al
av
ai
lab
ilit
y
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
d
u
r
in
g
tim
es
o
f
n
ee
d
p
lay
s
a
m
o
r
e
cr
itical
r
o
le
in
en
h
an
cin
g
r
esil
ien
ce
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
a
r
g
u
m
en
t
th
at
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
ec
e
iv
ed
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
m
a
y
h
av
e
a
m
o
r
e
d
ir
ec
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
o
u
tco
m
es
th
a
n
th
e
m
er
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
s
o
cia
l
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
[
2
1
]
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
s
im
ilar
ly
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
ed
th
at
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
s
o
c
ial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
esp
ec
ially
f
r
o
m
f
a
m
ily
an
d
p
ee
r
s
,
is
a
k
ey
d
eter
m
in
an
t
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
m
en
tal
well
-
b
ein
g
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
[
2
4
]
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
r
em
ain
s
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
a
cto
r
,
as
it
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
r
e
d
u
c
ed
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
is
o
latio
n
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ica
l
d
is
tr
ess
[
2
9
]
.
A
s
tr
o
n
g
s
en
s
e
o
f
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
with
in
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
co
m
m
u
n
ity
h
as
also
b
ee
n
ass
o
ciate
d
with
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
,
s
tu
d
en
t
r
eten
tio
n
,
an
d
o
v
er
a
ll
well
-
b
ein
g
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
m
ay
in
d
i
r
ec
tly
en
h
an
ce
r
esil
ien
ce
b
y
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
ac
ce
s
s
to
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
as e
v
i
d
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
v
ar
iab
les.
Ov
e
r
a
ll
,
t
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
u
n
d
e
r
s
c
o
r
e
d
th
e
cr
iti
ca
l
r
o
l
e
o
f
ex
te
r
n
al
s
o
cia
l
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
i
n
p
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
r
esil
i
e
n
ce
am
o
n
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
.
I
n
d
e
e
d
,
b
o
t
h
s
o
ci
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
s
o
cia
l
c
o
n
n
ec
t
ed
n
ess
f
u
n
cti
o
n
as
ess
e
n
ti
al
e
x
t
er
n
al
ass
ets
t
h
at
en
h
a
n
ce
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
’
a
b
i
lit
y
t
o
n
a
v
i
g
at
e
c
h
all
en
g
es
.
T
h
ese
r
es
u
l
t
s
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
t
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
c
e
o
f
f
o
s
te
r
i
n
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
ti
v
e
an
d
i
n
c
lu
s
iv
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
w
ith
in
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
i
n
s
ti
tu
t
io
n
s
,
as
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
i
n
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
’
s
o
ci
al
n
et
wo
r
k
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
ca
n
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
te
s
i
g
n
if
ic
an
tl
y
t
o
t
h
ei
r
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
ica
l
r
es
ili
en
ce
a
n
d
o
v
e
r
al
l w
ell
-
b
ei
n
g
.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
er
lin
e
d
t
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
r
ed
ic
tiv
e
r
o
les
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
r
esil
ien
ce
am
o
n
g
u
n
d
er
g
r
a
d
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
in
s
ig
h
ts
s
u
g
g
est
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
n
ee
d
to
in
teg
r
ate
s
tu
d
en
t
well
-
b
ein
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
th
at
ar
e
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
im
p
lem
en
ted
an
d
ad
eq
u
ately
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
estab
lis
h
in
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
s
ch
o
o
l
-
b
ased
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
in
itiati
v
es,
s
u
ch
as
p
ee
r
co
u
n
s
elin
g
an
d
f
am
ily
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t
ac
tiv
ities
,
as
k
ey
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
at
ca
n
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
r
esil
ien
ce
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
it
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
to
f
o
s
ter
s
tr
o
n
g
er
s
o
cial
b
o
n
d
s
o
n
ca
m
p
u
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
teac
h
er
–
s
tu
d
en
t m
e
n
to
r
s
h
ip
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
team
-
b
u
ild
in
g
ac
ti
v
ities
with
in
s
tu
d
en
t o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
s
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
at
co
n
te
x
tu
al
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
ar
is
in
g
f
r
o
m
d
is
tin
ct
cu
ltu
r
al
an
d
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
m
ay
lim
it
th
e
g
e
n
er
aliza
b
il
ity
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
r
esu
lts
m
ay
v
ar
y
ac
r
o
s
s
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
lo
ca
ted
in
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
s
o
r
in
co
m
m
u
n
ities
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
cu
ltu
r
es
an
d
v
ar
y
in
g
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
s
o
cial
co
h
esio
n
am
o
n
g
m
em
b
e
r
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
non
-
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
,
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
ca
n
n
o
t
co
n
clu
s
iv
ely
estab
lis
h
th
at
o
n
l
y
th
e
ex
ter
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
id
e
n
tifie
d
p
r
ed
ict
r
esil
ien
ce
,
as
o
th
er
u
n
id
en
tifie
d
f
ac
t
o
r
s
m
a
y
h
av
e
m
ed
iated
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
l
im
its
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
as
it
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
o
n
ly
at
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
d
ata
co
l
lectio
n
,
th
u
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
n
o
t
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
c
h
an
g
es
o
v
e
r
tim
e.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
r
esear
ch
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
h
o
lis
tic
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
h
o
w
it
is
e
x
p
er
i
en
ce
d
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
As
s
u
c
h
,
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
em
p
lo
y
in
g
q
u
alit
ativ
e
m
eth
o
d
s
m
ay
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
to
tr
ian
g
u
late
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
.
Fin
ally
,
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
m
a
y
also
r
e
p
licate
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
an
u
r
b
a
n
co
n
te
x
t to
v
er
if
y
o
r
co
m
p
a
r
e
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
s
in
ce
r
ely
ex
ten
d
th
eir
g
r
atitu
d
e
to
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
an
d
tech
n
ical
r
ev
iewe
r
s
f
o
r
th
eir
h
elp
in
r
ef
in
i
n
g
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
2
0
3
3
-
2
0
4
0
2038
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
th
er
e
is
n
o
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Kev
in
T
.
L
ag
at
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Mr
a
L
y
m
e
F.
C
o
r
r
ec
h
e
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
Au
th
o
r
s
d
ec
lar
e
n
o
co
n
f
lict o
f
in
ter
est in
r
elatio
n
to
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
E
T
H
I
CAL AP
P
RO
V
AL
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
in
v
o
lv
i
n
g
h
u
m
a
n
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
h
as
co
m
p
lied
with
all
th
e
r
elev
an
t
n
atio
n
al
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
ten
ets
o
f
th
e
Helsin
k
i
Dec
lar
atio
n
a
n
d
h
a
s
b
ee
n
a
p
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
th
e
B
ilira
n
Pro
v
in
ce
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
an
d
was p
r
esen
ted
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
in
-
h
o
u
s
e
r
e
v
iew.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
d
ata
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
au
th
o
r
[
KT
L
]
,
u
p
o
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
e
q
u
e
s
t.
T
o
p
r
o
tect
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
a
n
d
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
wh
er
e
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
,
th
e
co
m
p
lete
d
ataset
is
n
o
t
p
u
b
licly
av
ailab
le.
Ne
v
er
t
h
eless
,
an
o
n
y
m
ized
s
u
m
m
ar
ies
o
r
s
elec
ted
p
o
r
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
ata
m
a
y
b
e
s
h
ar
ed
u
p
o
n
r
e
q
u
est
in
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
d
ata
p
r
o
tectio
n
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
L.
Te
e
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
mi
c
i
n
t
h
e
P
h
i
l
i
p
p
i
n
e
s,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Af
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
D
i
s
o
rd
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
7
,
p
p
.
3
7
9
–
3
9
1
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
j
a
d
.
2
0
2
0
.
0
8
.
0
4
3
.
[
2
]
B
.
Ja
v
e
d
,
A
.
S
a
r
w
e
r
,
E.
B
.
S
o
t
o
,
a
n
d
Z.
u
r
R
.
M
a
s
h
w
a
n
i
,
“
Th
e
c
o
r
o
n
a
v
i
r
u
s
(
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
)
p
a
n
d
e
mi
c
’
s
i
mp
a
c
t
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
H
e
a
l
t
h
P
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
9
9
3
–
9
9
6
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
h
p
m.
3
0
0
8
.
[
3
]
S
.
L
i
sc
h
e
r
,
N
.
S
a
f
i
,
a
n
d
C
.
D
i
c
k
s
o
n
,
“
R
e
m
o
t
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s’
m
e
n
t
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
mi
c
:
a
mi
x
e
d
-
met
h
o
d
e
n
q
u
i
r
y
,
”
Pr
o
sp
e
c
t
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
8
9
–
5
9
9
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s1
1
1
2
5
-
020
-
0
9
5
3
0
-
w.
[
4
]
A
.
J.
Z
a
u
t
r
a
,
J.
S
.
H
a
l
l
,
a
n
d
K
.
E.
M
u
r
r
a
y
,
“
R
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
:
a
n
e
w
d
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
o
n
o
f
h
e
a
l
t
h
f
o
r
p
e
o
p
l
e
a
n
d
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
,
”
i
n
H
a
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
Ad
u
l
t
R
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
,
J.
W
.
R
e
i
c
h
,
A
.
J.
Z
a
u
t
r
a
,
a
n
d
J.
S
.
H
a
l
l
,
E
d
s.,
N
e
w
Y
o
r
k
:
G
u
i
l
f
o
r
d
P
r
e
ss
,
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
–
29
.
[
5
]
A
.
M
a
st
e
n
a
n
d
M
.
R
e
e
d
,
“
R
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
i
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
,
”
i
n
H
a
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
Po
si
t
i
v
e
Ps
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
C
.
R
.
S
n
y
d
e
r
a
n
d
S
.
J.
L
o
p
e
z
,
Ed
s
.
,
N
e
w
Y
o
r
k
:
O
x
f
o
r
d
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
P
r
e
ss,
2
0
0
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
7
–
1
3
1
.
[
6
]
K
.
T.
La
g
a
t
,
“
F
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
i
n
g
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s’
r
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
y
a
m
i
d
s
t
t
h
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
mi
c
,
”
R
e
c
o
l
e
t
o
s
Mu
l
t
i
d
i
sc
i
p
l
i
n
a
ry
R
e
se
a
rc
h
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
3
–
1
4
5
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
2
8
7
1
/
r
mr
j
2
1
0
9
.
0
1
.
1
2
.
[
7
]
M
.
E
.
S
.
R
e
y
e
s
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
e
l
f
-
e
st
e
e
m
a
n
d
o
p
t
i
m
i
sm a
s p
r
e
d
i
c
t
o
r
s
o
f
r
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
a
mo
n
g
se
l
e
c
t
e
d
F
i
l
i
p
i
n
o
a
c
t
i
v
e
d
u
t
y
m
i
l
i
t
a
r
y
p
e
r
s
o
n
n
e
l
i
n
mi
l
i
t
a
r
y
c
a
mp
s
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
si
t
i
v
e
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
We
l
l
b
e
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
–
2
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
8
]
R
.
G
ó
m
e
z
-
M
o
l
i
n
e
r
o
,
A
.
Za
y
a
s
,
P
.
R
u
í
z
-
G
o
n
z
á
l
e
z
,
a
n
d
R
.
G
u
i
l
,
“
O
p
t
i
mi
sm
a
n
d
r
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
a
m
o
n
g
u
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s,”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
n
d
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
7
–
1
5
4
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
7
0
6
0
/
i
j
o
d
a
e
p
.
2
0
1
8
.
n
1
.
v
1
.
1
1
7
9
.
[
9
]
I
.
M
.
B
e
r
n
a
l
,
D
.
S
á
n
c
h
e
z
-
T
e
r
u
e
l
,
M
.
A
.
R
o
b
l
e
s
-
B
e
l
l
o
,
A
.
S
a
r
h
a
n
i
-
R
o
b
l
e
s
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
a
r
h
a
n
i
-
R
o
b
l
e
s,
“
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
o
r
s
o
f
r
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
i
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
m
i
c
:
a
l
o
n
g
i
t
u
d
i
n
a
l
s
t
u
d
y
c
o
mp
a
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
i
r
st
a
n
d
sec
o
n
d
w
a
v
e
s,”
B
MC
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
1
4
3
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s4
0
3
5
9
-
0
2
3
-
0
1
0
7
7
-
7.
[
1
0
]
S
.
P
u
i
g
-
P
e
r
e
z
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
O
p
t
i
m
i
sm a
s
a
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
a
c
t
o
r
a
g
a
i
n
st
t
h
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
mi
c
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
i
t
s e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
n
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
st
r
e
ss
a
n
d
i
n
f
e
c
t
i
o
n
st
r
e
ss
a
n
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
C
u
rre
n
t
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
4
3
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
8
5
4
2
–
8
5
5
6
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
2
1
4
4
-
022
-
0
2
8
1
9
-
3.
[
1
1
]
K
.
O
st
a
sz
e
w
sk
i
,
“
Th
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
r
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
i
n
a
d
o
l
e
s
c
e
n
t
m
e
n
t
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
p
r
o
m
o
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
r
i
sk
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
6
5
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
2
2
1
–
1
2
2
2
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
0
0
0
3
8
-
0
2
0
-
0
1
5
0
8
-
x.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
S
o
cia
l su
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
s
o
ci
a
l c
o
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
a
s
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f stu
d
en
ts
’
r
esil
ien
ce
fr
o
m
a
s
ta
te
…
(
K
ev
in
T.
La
g
a
t
)
2039
[
1
2
]
L.
J.
L
a
b
r
a
g
u
e
,
“
P
sy
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
r
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
,
c
o
p
i
n
g
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
s
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
a
l
su
p
p
o
r
t
a
m
o
n
g
h
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
w
o
r
k
e
r
s d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
mi
c
:
a
sy
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
st
u
d
i
e
s,”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
N
u
rs
i
n
g
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
2
9
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
8
9
3
–
1
9
0
5
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
j
o
n
m.
1
3
3
3
6
.
[
1
3
]
İ
.
Ç
i
ç
e
k
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
f
h
o
p
e
o
n
r
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
i
n
a
d
o
l
e
sce
n
t
s:
s
o
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss
a
s
m
e
d
i
a
t
o
r
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
Ps
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
6
–
1
4
7
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
4
7
6
0
2
/
j
p
s
p
.
v
5
i
2
.
2
8
3
.
[
1
4
]
A
.
Zh
o
u
,
J
.
L
i
u
,
C
.
X
u
,
a
n
d
M
.
C
.
J
o
b
e
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
f
so
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
n
c
a
r
e
e
r
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
-
ma
k
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
:
t
h
e
c
h
a
i
n
me
d
i
a
t
i
n
g
r
o
l
e
s
o
f
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
a
n
d
c
a
r
e
e
r
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
-
ma
k
i
n
g
s
e
l
f
-
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
,
”
Be
h
a
v
i
o
ra
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
.
3
1
8
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
b
s
1
4
0
4
0
3
1
8
.
[
1
5
]
R
.
M
.
G
y
a
si
,
D
.
R
.
P
h
i
l
l
i
p
s,
F
.
A
s
a
n
t
e
,
a
n
d
S
.
B
o
a
t
e
n
g
,
“
P
h
y
si
c
a
l
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
a
n
d
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
o
r
s
o
f
l
o
n
e
l
i
n
e
ss
i
n
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
y
-
d
w
e
l
l
i
n
g
o
l
d
e
r
a
d
u
l
t
s
:
t
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
s
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss,”
G
e
r
i
a
t
r
i
c
N
u
rsi
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
4
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
9
2
–
5
9
8
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
g
e
r
i
n
u
r
se.
2
0
2
0
.
1
1
.
0
0
4
.
[
1
6
]
E.
S
c
h
w
a
r
t
z
a
n
d
H
.
Li
t
w
i
n
,
“
W
a
r
f
a
r
e
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
i
n
l
a
t
e
r
l
i
f
e
a
n
d
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
:
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
r
o
l
e
o
f
so
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss,
”
Psy
c
h
i
a
t
r
y
R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
8
,
p
p
.
2
5
8
–
2
6
2
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
p
s
y
c
h
r
e
s
.
2
0
1
9
.
0
6
.
0
2
6
.
[
1
7
]
M
.
L.
K
e
l
l
y
,
J
.
N
i
e
u
w
o
u
d
t
,
R
.
W
i
l
l
i
s,
a
n
d
M
.
F
.
Le
e
,
“
B
e
l
o
n
g
i
n
g
,
e
n
j
o
y
me
n
t
,
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
r
e
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
:
u
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s’
se
n
se
o
f
b
e
l
o
n
g
i
n
g
b
e
f
o
r
e
a
n
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
m
i
c
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
Re
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
:
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
Pra
c
t
i
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
2
–
1
1
1
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
1
5
2
1
0
2
5
1
2
4
1
2
3
1
2
4
2
.
[
1
8
]
N
.
M
a
c
r
y
n
i
k
o
l
a
,
R
.
M
i
r
a
n
d
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
S
o
f
f
e
r
,
“
S
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss
,
s
t
r
e
ssf
u
l
l
i
f
e
e
v
e
n
t
s,
a
n
d
se
l
f
-
i
n
j
u
r
i
o
u
s
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
s
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
a
mo
n
g
y
o
u
n
g
a
d
u
l
t
s
,
”
C
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
Psy
c
h
i
a
t
ry
,
v
o
l
.
8
0
,
p
p
.
1
4
0
–
1
4
9
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
c
o
m
p
p
sy
c
h
.
2
0
1
7
.
0
9
.
0
0
8
.
[
1
9
]
L.
C
.
F
a
r
r
e
l
l
,
D
.
J
o
r
g
e
n
s
o
n
,
J.
F
u
d
g
e
,
a
n
d
A
.
P
r
i
t
c
h
a
r
d
,
“
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss
:
t
h
e
st
u
d
e
n
t
p
e
r
sp
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
S
c
h
o
l
a
rsh
i
p
o
f
T
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
L
e
a
rn
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
5
–
9
5
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
4
4
3
4
/
j
o
s
o
t
l
.
v
1
8
i
1
.
2
2
3
7
1
.
[
2
0
]
V
.
B
a
r
w
a
l
a
n
d
J.
C
h
e
r
i
a
n
,
“
Th
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
s
o
c
i
a
l
su
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
r
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
o
n
c
o
p
i
n
g
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
a
mo
n
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s,”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
d
i
a
n
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
3
–
1
5
7
3
,
2
0
2
4
.
[
2
1
]
C
.
P
a
r
k
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Th
e
d
i
st
i
n
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
so
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
w
h
e
n
e
x
a
mi
n
i
n
g
d
e
p
r
e
ss
i
v
e
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s
a
m
o
n
g
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
a
n
d
a
d
o
l
e
s
c
e
n
t
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
m
i
c
,
”
C
h
i
l
d
Ps
y
c
h
i
a
t
ry
a
n
d
H
u
m
a
n
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
5
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
4
1
–
1
0
5
1
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s1
0
5
7
8
-
023
-
0
1
6
1
6
-
8.
[
2
2
]
T.
M
i
r
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
E
x
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
sh
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
s
o
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
,
r
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
w
e
l
l
-
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
a
t
h
l
e
t
e
s
o
f
a
d
a
p
t
e
d
sp
o
r
t
,
”
Fr
o
n
t
i
e
rs
i
n
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
p
.
1
2
6
6
6
5
4
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
8
9
/
f
p
s
y
g
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
2
6
6
6
5
4
.
[
2
3
]
S
.
W
a
n
g
a
n
d
D
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
T
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
so
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
n
st
u
d
e
n
t
s’
p
a
t
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
u
se
:
t
h
e
me
d
i
a
t
i
n
g
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
d
i
s
c
r
i
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
m
o
d
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
e
mo
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
,
”
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
rs
i
n
H
u
m
a
n
Be
h
a
v
i
o
r
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
6
,
p
.
1
0
6
2
4
7
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
c
h
b
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
0
6
2
4
7
.
[
2
4
]
Y
.
K
h
a
l
l
a
d
a
n
d
F
.
J
a
b
r
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
s
o
c
i
a
l
su
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
f
a
mi
l
y
d
e
man
d
s
o
n
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
st
u
d
e
n
t
s’
m
e
n
t
a
l
w
e
l
l
‐
b
e
i
n
g
:
a
c
r
o
ss‐
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
i
n
v
e
st
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
5
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
4
8
–
3
5
5
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
i
j
o
p
.
1
2
1
7
7
.
[
2
5
]
J.
Y
a
n
g
a
n
d
X
.
W
a
n
g
,
“
T
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
s
o
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
n
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
st
u
d
e
n
t
s’
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
e
n
g
a
g
e
me
n
t
-
t
h
e
med
i
a
t
i
n
g
r
o
l
e
o
f
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
sel
f
-
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
2
n
d
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
H
u
m
a
n
i
t
i
e
s
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
(
I
C
H
ES
S
2
0
1
9
)
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
4
4
2
–
4
5
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
9
9
1
/
i
c
h
e
ss
-
1
9
.
2
0
1
9
.
9
4
.
[
2
6
]
F
.
C
a
o
,
J.
Li
,
W
.
X
i
n
,
a
n
d
N
.
C
a
i
,
“
I
mp
a
c
t
o
f
s
o
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
o
f
y
o
u
t
h
:
me
d
i
a
t
i
n
g
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
c
o
p
i
n
g
s
t
y
l
e
s,
”
Fro
n
t
i
e
rs
i
n
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
p
.
1
3
3
1
8
1
3
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
8
9
/
f
p
u
b
h
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
3
3
1
8
1
3
.
[
2
7
]
Y
.
H
.
C
h
a
n
g
,
C
.
T.
Y
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
S
.
H
si
e
h
,
“
S
o
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
t
h
e
me
d
i
a
t
i
n
g
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
r
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
l
i
f
e
s
a
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
d
e
p
r
e
ss
i
v
e
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s
e
v
e
r
i
t
y
,
”
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
R
e
p
o
r
t
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
4
8
1
8
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
3
8
/
s
4
1
5
9
8
-
023
-
3
1
8
6
3
-
7.
[
2
8
]
A
.
H
u
m
p
h
r
e
y
,
E.
M
a
r
c
h
,
A
.
P
.
La
v
e
n
d
e
r
,
K
.
J
.
M
i
l
l
e
r
,
M
.
A
l
v
a
r
e
n
g
a
,
a
n
d
C
.
M
e
sa
g
n
o
,
“
B
u
f
f
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
e
a
r
o
f
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
:
s
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss
me
d
i
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
f
e
a
r
o
f
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
a
n
d
p
sy
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
w
e
l
l
b
e
i
n
g
,
”
Be
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
8
6
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
b
s1
2
0
3
0
0
8
6
.
[
2
9
]
J.
P
.
N
i
t
sc
h
k
e
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
R
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
u
n
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
y
?
G
r
e
a
t
e
r
s
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss
d
u
r
i
n
g
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
l
o
c
k
d
o
w
n
i
s
a
sso
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
d
i
s
t
r
e
ss
a
n
d
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
,
”
B
ri
t
i
sh
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
H
e
a
l
t
h
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
5
3
–
5
6
9
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
b
j
h
p
.
1
2
4
8
5
.
[
3
0
]
S
.
A
g
a
s
h
e
,
S
.
K
u
mar,
a
n
d
R
.
R
a
i
,
“
E
x
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
s
o
c
i
a
l
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
r
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
,
”
Fr
o
n
t
i
e
rs
i
n
H
u
m
a
n
D
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
p
.
6
8
3
7
5
5
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
8
9
/
f
h
u
m
d
.
2
0
2
1
.
6
8
3
7
5
5
.
[
3
1
]
E.
G
o
l
b
e
r
s
t
e
i
n
,
H
.
W
e
n
,
a
n
d
B
.
F
.
M
i
l
l
e
r
,
“
C
o
r
o
n
a
v
i
r
u
s
d
i
se
a
se
2
0
1
9
(
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
)
a
n
d
me
n
t
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
f
o
r
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
a
n
d
a
d
o
l
e
sce
n
t
s,”
J
A
MA
Pe
d
i
a
t
ri
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
4
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
8
1
9
–
8
2
0
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
1
/
j
a
ma
p
e
d
i
a
t
r
i
c
s.
2
0
2
0
.
1
4
5
6
.
[
3
2
]
R
.
M
a
c
h
a
l
e
k
a
n
d
M
.
W
.
M
a
r
t
i
n
,
“
S
o
c
i
o
b
i
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
o
l
o
g
y
:
a
n
e
w
sy
n
t
h
e
s
i
s,”
i
n
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
E
n
c
y
c
l
o
p
e
d
i
a
o
f
t
h
e
S
o
c
i
a
l
&
Be
h
a
v
i
o
ra
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
2
n
d
e
d
.
,
J.
D
.
W
r
i
g
h
t
,
E
d
.
,
O
x
f
o
r
d
:
E
l
se
v
i
e
r
,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
8
9
2
–
8
9
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
B
9
7
8
-
0
-
08
-
0
9
7
0
8
6
-
8
.
3
2
0
1
0
-
4.
[
3
3
]
W
.
V
i
ss
e
r
a
n
d
S
.
Jac
o
b
s
,
“
M
u
l
t
i
-
l
e
v
e
l
r
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
:
a
h
u
ma
n
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
”
i
n
A
M
S
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
T
ra
n
s
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
Pa
p
e
r
S
e
r
i
e
s
,
n
o
.
4
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
0
.
[
3
4
]
M
.
U
n
g
a
r
a
n
d
L.
T
h
e
r
o
n
,
“
R
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
m
e
n
t
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
:
h
o
w
m
u
l
t
i
s
y
st
e
mi
c
p
r
o
c
e
ss
e
s
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
t
o
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
o
u
t
c
o
mes
,
”
T
h
e
L
a
n
c
e
t
P
syc
h
i
a
t
ry
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
4
4
1
–
4
4
8
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
S
2
2
1
5
-
0
3
6
6
(
1
9
)
3
0
4
3
4
-
1.
[
3
5
]
N
.
S
c
h
n
e
i
d
e
r
ma
n
,
G
.
I
r
o
n
so
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
D
.
S
i
e
g
e
l
,
“
S
t
r
e
ss
a
n
d
h
e
a
l
t
h
:
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
,
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
,
a
n
d
b
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
n
t
s,
”
An
n
u
a
l
Re
v
i
e
w
o
f
C
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
0
7
–
6
2
8
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
0
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
4
6
/
a
n
n
u
r
e
v
.
c
l
i
n
p
s
y
.
1
.
1
0
2
8
0
3
.
1
4
4
1
4
1
.
[
3
6
]
E.
A
.
K
a
r
a
m
a
n
d
L
.
A
b
e
n
h
a
i
m
,
“
Th
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
so
c
i
a
l
su
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
t
h
e
r
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
o
f
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Ps
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
4
7
–
5
5
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
3
7
]
D
.
S
c
a
r
f
,
J.
G
.
H
a
y
h
u
r
s
t
,
B
.
C
.
R
i
o
r
d
a
n
,
M
.
B
o
y
e
s
,
T.
R
u
f
f
ma
n
,
a
n
d
J.
A
.
H
u
n
t
e
r
,
“
I
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
r
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
i
n
a
d
o
l
e
sce
n
t
s:
t
h
e
i
mp
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
s
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss
i
n
a
d
v
e
n
t
u
r
e
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
mm
e
s
,
”
Au
s
t
ra
l
a
si
a
n
Ps
y
c
h
i
a
t
r
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
4
–
1
5
6
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
1
0
3
9
8
5
6
2
1
6
6
7
1
6
6
8
.
[
3
8
]
L.
G
.
G
o
e
t
s
c
h
i
u
s,
V
.
C
.
M
c
L
o
y
d
,
T
.
C
.
H
e
i
n
,
C
.
M
i
t
c
h
e
l
l
,
L
.
W
.
H
y
d
e
,
a
n
d
C
.
S
.
M
o
n
k
,
“
S
c
h
o
o
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
s
s
a
s
a
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
a
c
t
o
r
a
g
a
i
n
st
c
h
i
l
d
h
o
o
d
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
t
o
v
i
o
l
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
a
l
d
e
p
r
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
:
a
l
o
n
g
i
t
u
d
i
n
a
l
st
u
d
y
o
f
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
mal
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
o
u
t
c
o
mes,
”
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
Ps
y
c
h
o
p
a
t
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
9
–
1
2
3
4
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
7
/
S
0
9
5
4
5
7
9
4
2
1
0
0
1
1
4
0
.
[
3
9
]
G
.
B
e
l
l
i
,
“
N
o
n
-
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
,
”
i
n
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
Esse
n
t
i
a
l
s
,
S
.
D
.
La
p
a
n
a
n
d
M
.
T.
Q
u
a
r
t
a
r
o
l
i
,
E
d
s.
,
S
a
n
F
r
a
n
c
i
sc
o
,
C
A
:
J
o
sse
y
-
B
a
ss/
W
i
l
e
y
,
2
0
0
8
,
p
p
.
5
9
–
7
7
.
[
4
0
]
S
.
J.
S
t
r
a
t
t
o
n
,
“
P
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
mp
l
i
n
g
:
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
n
o
n
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s,
”
Pre
h
o
sp
i
t
a
l
a
n
d
D
i
sa
s
t
e
r
M
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
3
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
4
7
–
1
4
8
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
7
/
S
1
0
4
9
0
2
3
X
2
3
0
0
0
3
0
4
.
[
4
1
]
J.
R
.
T.
D
a
v
i
d
s
o
n
,
“
C
o
n
n
o
r
-
D
a
v
i
d
s
o
n
R
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
S
c
a
l
e
(
C
D
-
R
I
S
C
)
M
a
n
u
a
l
.
U
n
p
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
,
”
2
0
1
8
.
A
c
c
e
sse
d
M
a
y
.
23
,
2
0
2
5
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s:
/
/
w
w
w
.
c
d
-
r
i
sc.
c
o
m
[
4
2
]
G
.
D
.
Z
i
me
t
,
N
.
W
.
D
a
h
l
e
m,
S
.
G
.
Z
i
met
,
a
n
d
G
.
K
.
F
a
r
l
e
y
,
“
T
h
e
mu
l
t
i
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
a
l
s
c
a
l
e
o
f
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
so
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Pe
rso
n
a
l
i
t
y
Ass
e
ssm
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
0
–
4
1
,
M
a
r
.
1
9
8
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
2
0
7
/
s1
5
3
2
7
7
5
2
j
p
a
5
2
0
1
_
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
2
0
3
3
-
2
0
4
0
2040
[
4
3
]
A
.
A
.
A
d
e
s
o
l
a
,
D
.
M
.
A
k
o
k
i
,
T.
V
.
A
d
e
r
e
m
i
,
a
n
d
M
.
I
.
A
b
r
a
h
a
m
,
“
P
s
y
c
h
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
u
l
t
i
d
i
me
n
si
o
n
a
l
s
c
a
l
e
o
f
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
so
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
m
o
n
g
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
I
b
a
d
a
n
me
d
i
c
a
l
st
u
d
e
n
t
s,
”
B
MC
Ps
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
4
8
1
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s
4
0
3
5
9
-
025
-
0
2
8
2
3
-
9.
[
4
4
]
R
.
M
.
Le
e
,
M
.
D
r
a
p
e
r
,
a
n
d
S
.
L
e
e
,
“
S
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss,
d
y
sf
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
,
a
n
d
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
d
i
st
r
e
ss:
t
e
st
i
n
g
a
m
e
d
i
a
t
o
r
m
o
d
e
l
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
u
n
se
l
i
n
g
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
4
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
1
0
–
3
1
8
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
0
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
3
7
/
0
0
2
2
-
0
1
6
7
.
4
8
.
3
.
3
1
0
.
[
4
5
]
R
.
M
.
O
d
u
c
a
d
o
,
“
S
u
r
v
e
y
i
n
st
r
u
me
n
t
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
r
a
t
i
n
g
sc
a
l
e
,
”
S
S
R
N
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
3
9
/
ssr
n
.
3
7
8
9
5
7
5
.
[
4
6
]
J.
F
.
H
a
i
r
,
W
.
C
.
B
l
a
c
k
,
B
.
J.
B
a
b
i
n
,
a
n
d
R
.
E.
A
n
d
e
r
so
n
,
M
u
l
t
i
v
a
r
i
a
t
e
d
a
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
,
7
t
h
e
d
.
H
a
r
l
o
w
,
U
.
K
.
:
P
e
a
r
so
n
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
4
7
]
B
.
M
.
B
y
r
n
e
,
S
t
ru
c
t
u
r
a
l
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
AM
O
S
:
b
a
si
c
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
s,
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
p
ro
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
,
3
r
d
e
d
.
N
e
w
Y
o
r
k
:
R
o
u
t
l
e
d
g
e
,
2
0
1
6
.
[
4
8
]
G
.
G
a
r
a
y
,
M
.
C
.
G
a
r
a
y
,
a
n
d
H
.
M
a
r
t
i
n
e
z
,
“
R
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
a
mi
d
s
t
a
d
v
e
r
si
t
y
:
Th
e
ma
n
y
f
a
c
e
s
o
f
r
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
i
n
F
i
l
i
p
i
n
o
s,”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
H
u
m
a
n
i
t
i
e
s
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
2
7
–
3
3
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
p
u
b
l
i
sh
.
c
o
m/
u
p
l
o
a
d
/
b
o
o
k
/
p
a
p
e
r
p
d
f
-
1
5
9
3
0
9
0
7
3
6
.
p
d
f
.
[
4
9
]
C
.
W
.
C
h
a
n
g
,
R
.
Y
u
a
n
,
a
n
d
J.
K
.
C
h
e
n
,
“
S
o
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
d
e
p
r
e
ssi
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
C
h
i
n
e
se
a
d
o
l
e
s
c
e
n
t
s
,
”
C
h
i
l
d
re
n
a
n
d
Y
o
u
t
h
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
Re
v
i
e
w
,
v
o
l
.
8
8
,
p
p
.
1
2
8
–
1
3
4
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
c
h
i
l
d
y
o
u
t
h
.
2
0
1
8
.
0
3
.
0
0
1
.
[
5
0
]
N
.
H
i
d
a
y
a
t
a
n
d
S
.
R
.
N
u
r
h
a
y
a
t
i
,
“
Th
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
s
o
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
h
o
p
e
o
n
r
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
i
n
a
d
o
l
e
sc
e
n
t
s,
”
H
u
m
a
n
i
o
ra
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
1
9
–
2
2
5
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
5
1
2
/
h
u
ma
n
i
o
r
a
.
v
1
0
i
3
.
5
8
5
2
.
[
5
1
]
C
.
C
a
o
,
Q
.
M
e
n
g
,
a
n
d
L
.
S
h
a
n
g
,
“
H
o
st
-
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
a
n
d
so
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
s
s
a
m
o
n
g
C
h
i
n
e
s
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
I
n
t
e
r
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
Re
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
4
,
p
p
.
4
3
–
5
2
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
j
i
n
t
r
e
l
.
2
0
1
7
.
1
2
.
0
0
2
.
[
5
2
]
E.
F
.
A
c
o
b
a
,
“
S
o
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
men
t
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
:
t
h
e
me
d
i
a
t
i
n
g
r
o
l
e
o
f
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
s
t
r
e
ss,
”
Fr
o
n
t
i
e
rs
i
n
Ps
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
p
.
1
3
3
0
7
2
0
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
8
9
/
f
p
sy
g
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
3
3
0
7
2
0
.
[
5
3
]
A
.
G
i
z
d
i
c
,
T.
B
a
x
t
e
r
,
N
.
B
a
r
r
a
n
t
e
s
-
V
i
d
a
l
,
a
n
d
S
.
P
a
r
k
,
“
S
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss
a
n
d
r
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
p
o
s
t
-
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
mi
c
,
”
Psy
c
h
i
a
t
r
y
R
e
se
a
rc
h
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
1
0
0
1
2
6
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
p
s
y
c
o
m.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
0
1
2
6
.
[
5
4
]
R
.
M
.
B
.
C
h
o
n
g
,
D
.
N
.
Ta
n
g
u
n
a
n
,
D
.
M
.
T
o
y
a
d
o
,
a
n
d
A
.
F
.
K
.
El
e
g
a
d
o
,
“
Ev
o
l
v
i
n
g
d
i
s
a
st
e
r
r
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
i
n
t
h
e
P
h
i
l
i
p
p
i
n
e
s
:
i
n
s
i
g
h
t
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
2
0
2
1
a
n
d
2
0
2
3
W
o
r
l
d
R
i
s
k
P
o
l
l
o
n
so
c
i
o
-
e
c
o
n
o
mi
c
,
r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
,
a
n
d
sy
s
t
e
m
i
c
f
a
c
t
o
r
s,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
D
i
s
a
st
e
r
Ri
sk
Re
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
1
,
p
.
1
0
5
4
1
5
,
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
j
d
r
r
.
2
0
2
5
.
1
0
5
4
1
5
.
[
5
5
]
B
.
R
.
L
o
n
g
a
z
a
,
D
.
M
e
r
c
i
a
l
e
s,
a
n
d
M
.
B
a
c
u
ñ
o
,
“
C
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
o
f
r
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
:
F
i
l
i
p
i
n
o
f
a
mi
l
i
e
s’
c
o
p
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
e
c
o
v
e
r
y
i
n
t
h
e
a
f
t
e
r
ma
t
h
o
f
t
y
p
h
o
o
n
s
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
u
l
t
i
d
i
s
c
i
p
l
i
n
a
r
y
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
–
3
9
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
6
2
2
4
9
/
j
md
s.
2
0
1
3
.
2
4
5
4
.
[
5
6
]
L.
J.
D
i
z
o
n
,
L
.
M
.
A
b
r
e
a
,
A
.
E
.
C
r
u
z
a
d
a
,
S
.
L
.
Er
g
u
i
z
a
,
A
.
R
.
G
r
a
p
e
,
a
n
d
G
.
D
.
R
o
c
a
,
“
U
t
a
n
g
n
a
l
o
o
b
,
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
p
a
r
e
n
t
a
l
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
p
r
e
ss
u
r
e
a
n
d
me
n
t
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
st
a
t
u
s
a
m
o
n
g
F
i
l
i
p
i
n
o
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
st
u
d
e
n
t
s,”
Me
n
t
a
l
H
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
S
o
c
i
a
l
I
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
5
7
1
–
5
8
5
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/
M
H
S
I
-
11
-
2
0
2
4
-
0
2
0
6
.
[
5
7
]
C
.
E.
F
o
s
t
e
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss
t
o
f
a
mi
l
y
,
s
c
h
o
o
l
,
p
e
e
r
s,
a
n
d
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
y
i
n
so
c
i
a
l
l
y
v
u
l
n
e
r
a
b
l
e
a
d
o
l
e
sc
e
n
t
s,”
C
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
a
n
d
Y
o
u
t
h
S
e
rv
i
c
e
s R
e
v
i
e
w
,
v
o
l
.
8
1
,
p
p
.
3
2
1
–
3
3
1
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
c
h
i
l
d
y
o
u
t
h
.
2
0
1
7
.
0
8
.
0
1
1
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
K
e
v
in
T.
La
g
a
t
is
a
n
a
ss
ist
a
n
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
III
a
n
d
Re
se
a
rc
h
Ch
a
irp
e
rso
n
a
t
th
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
Tea
c
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
Bi
li
ra
n
P
r
o
v
i
n
c
e
S
tate
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
Na
v
a
l,
Bil
iran
.
M
r.
Lag
a
t
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
c
a
n
d
id
a
te
f
o
r
h
is
Do
c
to
r
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
m
a
jo
r
i
n
Tea
c
h
in
g
S
o
c
ial
S
c
ien
c
e
a
t
t
h
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ne
g
ro
s
Oc
c
id
e
n
tal,
Ba
c
o
lo
d
Cit
y
,
Ne
g
ro
s
Oc
c
id
e
n
ta
l,
P
h
il
ip
p
in
e
s.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
l
u
d
e
re
sili
e
n
c
e
st
u
d
ies
,
tea
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
lea
rn
i
n
g
,
so
c
ial
stu
d
ies
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
so
c
io
lo
g
y
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
k
t.
lag
a
t@
b
ip
s
u
.
e
d
u
.
p
h
.
Mra
Ly
m
e
F
.
Co
r
r
e
c
h
e
is
a
c
o
ll
e
g
e
in
str
u
c
to
r
a
n
d
d
irec
to
r
o
f
Alu
m
n
i
Affa
irs
o
f
S
a
m
a
r
S
tate
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ca
t
b
a
lo
g
a
n
Cit
y
,
S
a
m
a
r.
S
h
e
h
o
l
d
s
a
M
a
ste
r
o
f
Arts
d
e
g
re
e
wit
h
sp
e
c
ializa
ti
o
n
in
S
o
c
ial
S
c
ien
c
e
fro
m
Ley
te
No
rm
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Tac
lo
b
a
n
Cit
y
,
Ley
te,
P
h
il
i
p
p
i
n
e
s.
M
s.
Co
rre
c
h
e
is
a
ls
o
a
p
a
rt
-
t
ime
lec
tu
re
r
fo
r
B
o
a
rd
Li
c
e
n
su
re
E
x
a
m
in
a
ti
o
n
fo
r
P
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
Tea
c
h
e
rs
(BLE
P
T)
re
v
iew
se
ss
io
n
s.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
ra
ly
m
e
c
o
rre
c
h
e
.
ss
u
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.