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As
se
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th
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th
ica
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c
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a
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i
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h
i
g
h
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a
ti
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i
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u
ti
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is
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n
ti
a
l,
g
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e
n
th
e
ir
r
o
le
in
train
in
g
fu
tu
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p
ro
fe
ss
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a
ls
a
n
d
p
ro
m
o
ti
n
g
so
c
ial
re
sp
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si
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y
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a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
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teg
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y
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a
n
d
tran
s
p
a
re
n
c
y
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a
q
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ro
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a
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ica
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1
5
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stu
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ts
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t
a
p
riv
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M
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Co
lo
m
b
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Ba
se
d
o
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to
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a
n
d
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l
len
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s
si
x
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d
ime
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sio
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a
l
m
o
d
e
l,
a
n
d
u
sin
g
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x
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c
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ifi
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a
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id
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n
p
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u
lar,
p
o
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i
p
s
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tes
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y
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wise
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re
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e
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im
e
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iate
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iro
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e
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n
a
d
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3
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m
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h
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win
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strict
ru
les
(ru
les
).
T
h
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se
fin
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g
s
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
t
t
h
e
imp
o
rtan
c
e
o
f
b
o
t
h
p
e
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a
l
e
th
ica
l
v
a
lu
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s
a
n
d
e
x
ter
n
a
l
re
g
u
la
to
ry
fra
m
e
wo
rk
s
in
t
h
e
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
o
f
e
th
ica
l
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
.
S
imilarl
y
,
th
e
re
su
l
ts
c
o
n
tri
b
u
te
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e
f
o
r
HEIs
m
a
n
a
g
e
rs
to
stre
n
g
th
e
n
e
th
ica
l
lea
d
e
rsh
ip
a
n
d
in
sti
tu
ti
o
n
a
l
p
o
l
icie
s,
p
ro
m
o
ti
n
g
a
m
o
re
tran
s
p
a
re
n
t
a
n
d
e
fficie
n
t
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t.
It
is
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
th
a
t
HEIs
imp
l
e
m
e
n
t
p
o
li
c
ies
t
h
a
t
stre
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
th
ica
l
lea
d
e
rsh
ip
a
n
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
a
n
o
r
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
li
m
a
te
th
a
t
fa
v
o
r
s
e
th
ica
l
d
e
c
isio
n
s a
n
d
c
o
m
p
li
a
n
c
e
with
sta
n
d
a
rd
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
E
th
ical
clim
ate
E
th
ical
lead
er
s
h
ip
Hig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
Per
ce
p
tio
n
Un
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
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n
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c
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ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
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-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Alejan
d
r
o
Vale
n
cia
-
Ar
ias
Facu
lty
o
f
E
co
n
o
m
ic
a
n
d
Ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
Scien
ce
s
,
I
n
s
titu
to
T
ec
n
o
ló
g
ico
Me
tr
o
p
o
litan
o
Me
d
ellín
,
C
o
lo
m
b
ia
E
m
ail: jh
o
an
y
v
ale
n
cia@i
tm
.
ed
u
.
co
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Or
g
an
izatio
n
al
et
h
ics
h
av
e
b
ee
n
id
e
n
tifie
d
as
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
f
ac
to
r
in
th
e
estab
lis
h
m
en
t
an
d
m
ain
ten
an
ce
o
f
p
u
b
lic
tr
u
s
t,
w
h
ich
is
a
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
b
u
s
in
ess
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
R
ec
en
t
s
ca
n
d
al
s
h
av
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
h
o
w
a
s
u
b
o
p
tim
al
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
clim
ate
ca
n
ad
v
er
s
ely
im
p
ac
t
em
p
lo
y
ee
m
o
r
ale
an
d
f
in
an
cial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
an
d
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
with
in
an
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
c
u
ltu
r
e
o
f
in
teg
r
ity
a
n
d
s
o
cial
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
[
1
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
i
t
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
to
in
tr
o
s
p
ec
t
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
ascer
tain
th
e
s
taf
f
’
s
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
with
in
t
h
eir
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
it
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
p
r
ev
ailin
g
eth
ical
clim
ates in
th
is
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
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v
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&
R
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d
u
c
I
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N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Mea
s
u
r
eme
n
t o
f th
e
eth
ica
l o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l c
lima
te
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
…
(
Ma
r
ia
C
a
mila
B
ermeo
-
Gir
a
ld
o
)
1877
T
h
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
with
in
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
ex
er
ts
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
em
p
lo
y
ee
b
eh
av
io
r
,
th
er
eb
y
estab
lis
h
in
g
clea
r
s
t
an
d
ar
d
s
to
d
i
f
f
er
en
tiate
eth
ic
al
f
r
o
m
u
n
eth
ical
co
n
d
u
ct
[
1
]
–
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
et
h
ical
clim
ate
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
h
a
v
e
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
r
o
le
i
n
em
p
l
o
y
ee
s
’
s
o
lv
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
an
eth
ical
n
atu
r
e
a
n
d
k
n
o
win
g
h
o
w
to
ac
t
wh
en
f
a
ce
d
with
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
a
m
o
r
a
l
n
atu
r
e
[
4
]
.
Dey
et
a
l
.
[
5
]
p
o
s
its
th
at
an
eth
ical
clim
ate
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
ia
te
b
eh
av
io
r
s
with
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
wo
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
f
o
r
wo
r
k
er
s
to
p
er
ce
i
v
e
an
eth
ica
l
clim
ate
with
in
th
eir
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
.
B
y
d
o
in
g
s
o
,
th
ey
ca
n
id
e
n
tify
p
r
o
b
lem
s
r
el
ated
to
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
,
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
d
e
v
is
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
is
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
wo
r
k
an
d
b
u
s
in
ess
s
ett
in
g
s
,
y
et
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
p
au
city
o
f
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
co
n
te
x
t
[
6
]
.
U
n
iv
er
s
ities
ar
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
wh
ich
s
o
cial
ch
an
g
e
is
cu
ltiv
ated
;
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
t
h
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
ag
en
ts
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
t
h
e
s
e
i
n
s
t
it
u
t
io
n
s
g
i
v
e
r
i
s
e
t
o
t
h
e
eth
ical
clim
ate,
wh
ich
ca
n
in
f
l
u
en
ce
th
e
eth
ical
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
in
tr
ain
in
g
.
T
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
p
o
s
s
ess
es
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
to
ex
er
t
its
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
th
e
eth
ical
an
d
m
o
r
al
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
ex
h
ib
ite
d
b
y
its
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
[
7
]
.
I
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
is
lin
e
o
f
th
in
k
in
g
,
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
in
s
o
ciety
i
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
cr
ea
tin
g
cu
ltu
r
al
an
d
s
o
cial
v
alu
es [
8
]
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
eth
ical
clim
ate
ass
u
m
es
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
.
As
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
by
An
zilag
o
et
a
l
.
[
9
]
,
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
d
in
g
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
is
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
in
id
en
tify
in
g
p
iv
o
tal
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Alag
ele
et
a
l
.
[
1
0
]
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
e
t
h
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
n
f
licts
with
in
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
o
f
s
elf
-
ev
alu
atio
n
at
b
o
th
t
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
lev
els.
T
h
ese
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
ar
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
d
i
ag
n
o
s
in
g
u
n
eth
ical
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
co
n
f
licts
o
f
in
ter
est,
ab
u
s
e
o
f
p
o
wer
,
p
lag
iar
is
m
,
f
av
o
r
itis
m
,
co
er
cio
n
,
b
r
ib
er
y
,
an
d
e
m
b
ez
zlem
en
t,
am
o
n
g
o
th
e
r
s
[
1
1
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
in
p
u
b
lic
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
en
ab
les
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
eth
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
th
e
ac
tu
al
p
r
ac
tices
with
in
th
ese
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
[
7
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
with
in
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
is
o
f
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
,
g
i
v
en
th
eir
p
r
ee
m
in
en
t
r
o
le
with
in
s
o
ciety
.
T
h
ese
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
wi
eld
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
v
e
r
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
eir
in
tellectu
al
o
u
tp
u
t,
v
alu
es,
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
An
o
th
er
s
alien
t a
s
p
ec
t o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
in
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
(
HE
I
s
)
is
th
at
th
ese
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
s
i
b
le
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tin
g
f
u
tu
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
wh
o
,
in
tu
r
n
,
b
ec
o
m
e
eth
ical
citizen
s
.
A
r
o
b
u
s
t
eth
ical
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
h
as
b
ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
to
n
u
r
t
u
r
e
ac
ad
e
m
ic
in
teg
r
ity
,
s
o
cial
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
a
d
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
,
as
ar
ticu
lated
b
y
Alag
ele
et
a
l
.
[
1
0
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
s
u
ch
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
p
o
ten
tial
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
alu
ab
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
s
tr
ateg
ies to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
cu
ltu
r
e
o
f
HE
I
s
an
d
th
eir
s
o
cial
im
p
ac
t.
A
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
eth
ical
clim
ate
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
n
ec
ess
itates
a
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
t
h
e
attitu
d
es
o
f
ac
ad
e
m
ics,
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ativ
e
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
t
o
war
d
s
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
ev
ailin
g
th
em
es
in
th
e
ex
t
an
t
liter
atu
r
e
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
eth
i
ca
l
clim
ate
with
i
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
en
c
o
m
p
ass
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
ab
u
s
e,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t,
eth
ical
b
eh
av
io
r
,
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
tu
r
n
o
v
er
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Pag
liar
o
et
a
l
.
[
2
]
,
th
er
e
is
a
p
au
city
o
f
em
p
ir
ical
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
th
at
an
aly
ze
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
am
o
n
g
m
em
b
er
s
o
f
an
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
as
well
as
th
e
m
o
r
al
an
d
eth
ical
s
etb
ac
k
s
th
at
o
cc
u
r
.
L
ee
an
d
Ha
-
B
r
o
o
k
s
h
ir
e
[
1
5
]
ar
g
u
e
th
at
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
is
ess
en
tial,
as
it
ca
n
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
’
attitu
d
es
an
d
h
el
p
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
th
r
ee
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
in
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
: e
co
n
o
m
ic,
s
o
cial
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
is
v
alu
ab
le
ex
er
cise,
as
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
p
o
ten
ti
al
eth
ical
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
T
h
ese
eth
ical
asp
ec
ts
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
ar
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
in
en
ab
lin
g
lead
er
s
to
m
ak
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
an
d
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
th
at
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
cu
ltiv
atio
n
o
f
an
e
th
ical
cu
ltu
r
e.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
in
av
er
tin
g
p
o
te
n
tial
eth
ical
tr
an
s
g
r
ess
io
n
s
an
d
in
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
p
o
licies
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
e
th
ical
co
n
d
u
ct.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
b
y
p
r
o
ac
tiv
ely
an
ticip
atin
g
eth
ical
d
ilem
m
as,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
ca
n
d
ev
el
o
p
tar
g
eted
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
allo
ca
te
s
u
f
f
icien
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
t
o
ad
d
r
ess
ar
ea
s
o
f
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
en
h
a
n
cin
g
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
in
teg
r
ity
,
t
r
u
s
t,
an
d
r
ep
u
tatio
n
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
ed
i
ct
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tes
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
eth
ics
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t,
t
h
er
eb
y
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
an
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
c
u
ltu
r
e
th
at
is
eth
ically
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
o
v
er
tim
e.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
s
ec
to
r
an
d
n
o
t
o
n
HE
I
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
r
eg
ar
d
,
th
er
e
is
a
clea
r
lac
k
o
f
r
esear
ch
in
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
h
o
w
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
with
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
h
i
g
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
A
cr
itical
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
et
h
ical
clim
ate
with
in
HE
I
s
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
its
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
n
d
u
ct.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
is
to
an
aly
ze
t
h
e
ty
p
e
s
o
f
eth
ical
clim
ate
in
a
HE
I
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
er
e
b
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
ti
n
g
to
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
th
is
u
n
d
er
-
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
ar
ea
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
b
e
g
in
s
with
a
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
to
i
d
en
tify
th
e
th
eo
r
ies
a
n
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
d
ef
in
e
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
an
d
its
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
ac
ad
em
ic
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
HE
I
s
,
an
d
to
f
o
r
m
u
l
ate
h
y
p
o
th
eses
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t,
an
d
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
test
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
th
eir
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
an
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
ar
e
h
e
r
eb
y
p
r
esen
t
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
8
7
6
-
1
8
9
3
1878
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
2
.
1
.
O
rg
a
niza
t
io
na
l
e
t
hica
l c
lim
a
t
e
T
h
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
is
u
n
d
e
r
s
to
o
d
as
th
e
s
et
o
f
s
h
ar
ed
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
an
d
th
e
way
s
in
wh
ich
eth
ical
is
s
u
es
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
[
1
6
]
.
Fo
r
m
em
b
er
s
o
f
an
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
th
is
co
n
ce
p
t
is
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
as
a
r
ef
lectio
n
o
f
eth
ical
v
al
u
es,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
b
eh
av
io
r
s
,
ac
tio
n
s
,
an
d
eth
ical
p
o
licies
th
at
d
ef
in
e
th
e
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
a
n
d
cu
ltu
r
e
with
in
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
[
1
7
]
.
Ma
r
tin
a
n
d
C
u
llen
[
1
8
]
ar
g
u
e
th
at
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
is
s
u
b
jectiv
e
i
n
n
atu
r
e
an
d
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
an
d
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
its
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
b
y
m
em
b
er
s
o
f
an
in
s
titu
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
eth
ical
r
ea
s
o
n
i
n
g
.
Ald
az
ab
al
et
a
l
.
[
1
9
]
ar
g
u
e
th
at
th
e
f
ield
o
f
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
in
v
o
lv
es th
e
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es f
r
o
m
an
eth
ical
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
E
t
h
ic
al
c
li
m
at
e
is
a
f
r
eq
u
en
tl
y
s
t
u
d
ie
d
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
i
n
v
a
r
io
u
s
e
co
n
o
m
ic
s
ec
to
r
s
.
I
n
r
e
c
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
s
tu
d
ies
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
g
l
o
b
a
ll
y
h
a
v
e
ce
n
t
e
r
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
a
n
a
ly
s
is
o
f
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
ies
a
n
d
t
h
e
ir
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
ati
o
n
al
c
o
m
p
l
ex
iti
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
le
n
s
o
f
t
h
ei
r
e
th
ic
al
c
li
m
at
e
[
2
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
em
p
l
o
y
e
d
to
ass
ess
et
h
i
c
al
c
li
m
at
e
h
as
b
ee
n
ad
ap
te
d
i
n
ac
c
o
r
d
a
n
c
e
wi
th
t
h
e
n
at
u
r
e
an
d
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
iti
es.
Ald
az
ab
al
et
a
l
.
[
1
9
]
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
er
s
p
e
cti
v
es
o
f
m
o
r
a
l
p
h
i
lo
s
o
p
h
y
a
n
d
s
o
ci
o
l
o
g
ic
al
t
h
e
o
r
y
u
s
in
g
s
e
v
e
n
o
f
t
h
e
n
i
n
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
d
esc
r
i
b
e
d
b
y
Vict
o
r
a
n
d
C
u
lle
n
[
2
0
]
:
s
e
lf
-
i
n
t
er
e
s
t,
f
r
ie
n
d
s
h
ip
,
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
m
o
r
ali
t
y
,
e
f
f
ici
en
c
y
,
r
u
l
es
,
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
T
h
e
d
im
en
s
i
o
n
s
o
f
s
o
cial
r
es
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
lit
y
,
l
aws,
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ess
i
o
n
al
c
o
d
es
wer
e
i
d
e
n
t
if
ie
d
as
a
r
es
ea
r
c
h
a
g
e
n
d
a
f
o
r
S
p
a
n
is
h
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
iti
es
[
2
0
]
.
T
o
ass
ess
r
esear
ch
in
teg
r
ity
a
n
d
eth
ical
clim
ate
in
two
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
in
th
e
m
ed
i
ca
l
f
ield
in
C
r
o
atia,
Ma
ličk
i
et
a
l
.
[
2
1
]
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
b
y
Victo
r
an
d
C
u
llen
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
ed
f
o
u
r
s
ca
les:
in
d
iv
id
u
al,
team
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
p
r
ess
u
r
es,
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
clim
ate.
E
k
in
ci
[
1
]
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
in
d
iv
id
u
als
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
eth
i
ca
l
clim
ate
an
d
p
o
liti
ca
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
with
in
a
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
in
T
u
r
k
ey
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
v
e
r
if
ie
d
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
ese
two
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
was
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
in
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
b
y
Victo
r
a
n
d
C
u
llen
[
2
0
]
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
f
iv
e
o
f
t
h
e
n
in
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
:
law
an
d
co
d
e,
ca
r
in
g
,
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
ce
,
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal,
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
cy
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
h
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
p
o
liti
ca
l
b
eh
av
io
r
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
f
ick
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
co
n
ce
s
s
io
n
s
,
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
o
f
ap
p
r
o
v
al,
co
al
itio
n
s
,
ex
ch
an
g
e
o
f
f
a
v
o
r
s
,
an
d
ap
p
ea
ls
.
Fu
r
th
er
,
Mia
n
d
o
ab
et
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
ap
p
lied
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
o
f
Ols
o
n
[
2
2
]
,
wh
ich
was
d
esig
n
e
d
f
o
r
n
u
r
s
es
an
d
co
n
tain
s
s
ix
f
ac
to
r
s
:
p
ee
r
s
,
(
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
p
atien
t
ca
r
e
)
;
p
atien
ts
(
p
atien
t
r
ig
h
t
s
an
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
eir
ca
r
e
)
;
a
d
m
in
i
s
tr
ato
r
s
(
tr
u
s
t
g
en
er
ate
d
b
y
s
u
p
er
io
r
s
with
r
eg
ar
d
to
m
ak
i
n
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
p
atien
t
ca
r
e
)
;
h
o
s
p
ital
(
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
s
ettin
g
an
d
p
h
y
s
ician
s
)
;
an
d
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ab
o
u
t
tr
u
s
t
b
etwe
en
m
ed
ical
s
p
ec
ialis
t
s
an
d
n
u
r
s
es.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
in
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
h
o
s
p
ital
—
Z
ah
ed
an
Me
d
ical
Scien
ce
s
Or
g
an
izatio
n
in
I
r
an
—
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
eth
ical
clim
ate
o
n
jo
b
s
atis
f
a
ctio
n
.
I
n
t
h
e
ex
tan
t
liter
atu
r
e,
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
av
e
e
n
d
e
av
o
r
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
eth
ical
clim
ate
an
d
th
e
c
u
r
r
icu
lar
attitu
d
e
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
at
Sar
i
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Me
d
ical
Scien
ce
s
in
I
n
d
ia.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
th
e
Ols
o
n
eth
ical
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was u
s
ed
to
an
al
y
ze
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
attitu
d
es to
war
d
s
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
[
2
3
]
.
T
er
esi
et
a
l
.
[
2
4
]
co
m
p
ar
e
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
two
s
p
ec
if
ic
eth
ical
clim
ates,
i.e
.
,
an
eth
ical
clim
ate
b
ased
o
n
s
elf
-
in
ter
est
(
in
d
iv
id
u
alis
tic)
an
d
an
eth
ical
clim
ate
b
as
ed
o
n
f
r
ien
d
s
h
ip
(
c
o
llectiv
e)
,
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
s
o
f
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
with
in
an
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
A
n
eth
ical
c
lim
ate
b
ased
o
n
f
r
ien
d
s
h
ip
f
o
s
ter
s
m
o
r
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
es
an
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
al
i
n
ten
tio
n
s
am
o
n
g
m
em
b
e
r
s
o
f
a
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
an
eth
ical
clim
ate
ce
n
ter
ed
o
n
s
elf
-
in
ter
est.
I
n
t
h
e
L
atin
Am
er
ican
co
n
tex
t,
t
h
er
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
f
ew
a
d
v
an
ce
s
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
o
r
HE
I
s
b
ec
au
s
e
m
o
s
t
r
elev
an
t
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
o
n
c
o
m
m
er
cial
c
o
m
p
a
n
ies.
L
o
p
es
et
a
l
.
[
2
5
]
co
n
d
u
cte
d
a
s
tu
d
y
to
an
al
y
ze
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
eth
ics
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
en
r
o
lled
in
an
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
s
cien
ce
co
u
r
s
e
at
a
p
r
iv
ate
teac
h
in
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
in
B
r
az
il.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
m
a
d
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
b
y
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
a
r
elativ
e
ly
u
n
d
er
-
r
esear
c
h
ed
to
p
ic.
T
h
eir
wo
r
k
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
d
th
e
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
o
f
et
h
ical
a
n
aly
s
is
with
in
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
c
o
n
tex
t.
I
n
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e,
s
tu
d
en
ts
will u
n
d
o
u
b
te
d
ly
en
c
o
u
n
ter
eth
ical
c
h
allen
g
es in
v
a
r
io
u
s
m
ar
k
et
a
n
d
b
u
s
in
ess
s
etti
n
g
s
.
R
o
m
i
et
a
l
.
[
2
6
]
ex
a
m
in
ed
t
h
e
m
an
n
er
i
n
wh
ich
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
al
citizen
s
h
ip
b
eh
av
io
r
,
r
o
o
ted
in
I
s
lam
ic
wo
r
k
eth
ics,
ca
n
au
g
m
en
t
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
am
o
n
g
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lectu
r
er
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
eir
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
es
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
eth
ical
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
o
n
wo
r
k
p
lace
attitu
d
es,
em
p
h
asizin
g
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
c
u
ltu
r
ally
r
o
o
te
d
v
alu
es
i
n
en
h
an
cin
g
em
p
l
o
y
ee
m
o
tiv
ati
o
n
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
lo
y
alty
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
t
h
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
am
in
e
d
as
a
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
al
clim
ate
in
s
ix
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
in
B
o
g
o
tá.
No
r
ab
u
en
a
-
Fig
u
er
o
a
et
a
l
.
[
2
7
]
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
q
u
alitativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
f
o
u
r
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
l
i
m
a
t
e:
ac
ad
em
ic
,
s
o
ci
o
a
f
f
e
c
tiv
e
,
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
,
an
d
eth
ical.
T
h
ese
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
wer
e
ex
am
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
was
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
b
o
th
tan
g
ib
le
f
ac
to
r
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
in
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
i
n
tan
g
ib
le
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
v
alu
es,
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
s
itu
atio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
.
B
ac
h
et
a
l
.
[
2
8
]
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
f
ac
t
o
r
s
th
at
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
im
u
latio
n
g
am
es
in
HE
I
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
an
in
teg
r
ated
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
c
ep
t
an
ce
m
o
d
el
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
–
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
–
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
to
an
al
y
ze
h
o
w
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical,
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
al,
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
u
p
tak
e
an
d
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
u
s
e
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Mea
s
u
r
eme
n
t o
f th
e
eth
ica
l o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l c
lima
te
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
…
(
Ma
r
ia
C
a
mila
B
ermeo
-
Gir
a
ld
o
)
1879
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
to
o
ls
in
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
s
p
h
er
e.
I
n
lig
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
,
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
t
o
t
h
e
ex
tan
t
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
o
n
t
h
e
eth
ical
cli
m
a
te
i
n
HE
I
s
in
L
atin
Am
er
ica
.
T
h
i
s
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
is
in
ten
d
e
d
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
g
a
p
in
th
e
ac
a
d
em
ic
co
n
tex
t r
eg
ar
d
in
g
eth
ical
b
eh
av
io
r
s
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
2
.
2
.
E
t
hica
l
c
lim
a
t
e
in H
E
I
s
Desp
ite
th
e
d
elin
ea
tio
n
o
f
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
co
n
ce
p
t,
its
b
eh
av
io
r
al
u
n
d
er
p
i
n
n
in
g
s
b
ea
r
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
am
if
icatio
n
s
f
o
r
co
r
p
o
r
ate
en
titi
es
,
as
ar
ticu
lated
b
y
Qam
ar
et
a
l
.
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
et
h
ical
clim
ate
with
in
th
e
m
ain
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
g
u
id
elin
es
in
HE
I
s
is
o
f
s
u
ch
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
th
at
it
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
im
p
e
r
ativ
e
t
o
d
iag
n
o
s
e
an
d
ev
alu
ate
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
as
a
cu
s
to
m
ar
y
p
r
ac
tice.
I
t
is
u
p
to
ea
ch
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
to
ass
ess
an
d
m
an
ag
e
m
atter
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
i
ts
o
wn
n
ee
d
s
an
d
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
s
elf
-
f
o
cu
s
ed
a
n
d
in
ter
n
al
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
in
HE
I
s
is
ess
en
tial
an
d
is
u
n
d
er
p
in
n
ed
b
y
eth
ical
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
wh
ich
s
er
v
es a
s
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
in
d
icato
r
o
f
n
o
r
m
ativ
e
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t [
3
1
]
.
T
h
is
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
alig
n
s
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
b
y
R
o
th
m
an
[
3
0
]
th
at
d
eo
n
to
lo
g
ical
clim
ate
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
th
at
is
p
r
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
with
in
H
E
I
s
in
r
elatio
n
t
o
all
th
e
ac
t
o
r
s
th
at
co
n
v
er
g
e
in
th
ese
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
No
n
eth
eless
,
ev
en
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
i
n
g
th
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
all
c
o
n
s
titu
e
n
ts
with
in
HE
I
s
,
as
p
o
s
ited
b
y
Viđ
ak
et
a
l
.
[
3
2
]
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
—
th
at
is
,
th
e
s
h
ar
ed
s
o
cial
an
d
wo
r
k
b
eh
av
io
r
s
—
ap
p
ea
r
s
to
r
em
ain
u
n
alter
ed
i
n
th
ese
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
s
taf
f
ar
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
al
o
n
g
s
id
e
teac
h
in
g
s
taf
f
in
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
s
.
No
twith
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
d
is
tin
ctio
n
o
f
tr
a
n
s
v
er
s
ality
,
it
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
to
id
en
tify
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
s
taf
f
an
d
teac
h
er
s
as
p
iv
o
tal
an
d
in
f
lu
e
n
tial
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
with
in
HE
I
s
.
I
t
is
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t
to
s
tu
d
y
an
d
p
r
ed
ict
th
eir
eth
ical
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e,
m
an
ag
e
s
u
c
h
b
eh
av
io
r
f
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
b
en
ef
it
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
is
p
e
r
c
eiv
ed
b
en
ef
it
i
n
th
e
d
is
tin
ctio
n
o
f
c
r
itical
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
en
s
e
th
at,
in
ev
er
y
HE
I
s
,
th
e
et
h
ical
clim
ate
o
p
er
ates
as
an
in
f
o
r
m
al
lear
n
in
g
s
p
ac
e
w
h
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
r
o
s
o
cial
b
eh
a
v
io
r
is
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
th
eir
m
o
r
al
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
d
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
m
e
d
iatin
g
f
ac
t
o
r
s
s
u
ch
as
m
o
r
al
d
is
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t
an
d
r
ec
i
p
r
o
city
n
o
r
m
s
[
3
3
]
.
I
m
p
licitly
,
f
o
r
th
ese
in
f
lu
en
tial
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
t
o
b
e
a
b
le
to
im
p
ar
t
t
h
is
ty
p
e
o
f
lear
n
in
g
,
r
em
a
r
k
ab
le
a
n
d
o
n
g
o
in
g
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
b
eh
av
io
r
is
n
ee
d
ed
,
as a
r
e
clea
r
r
u
les an
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
in
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
.
T
h
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
lea
d
er
s
h
ip
h
as
d
if
f
er
en
t
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
HE
I
s
:
o
n
th
e
o
n
e
h
an
d
,
it
p
r
o
m
o
tes
th
e
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
c
o
n
co
m
itan
t
with
its
in
h
er
e
n
t
p
u
r
p
o
s
e;
o
n
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
it
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
o
f
ea
ch
in
s
titu
tio
n
,
an
d
in
tu
r
n
,
its
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
b
ec
o
m
es
d
ir
ec
tly
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
e
n
t
[
3
4
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
eth
ical
cl
im
ate
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
to
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
itm
en
t
in
HE
I
s
,
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
ely
,
n
u
ll,
o
r
d
ef
icien
t
m
an
ag
em
en
t
ca
n
lea
d
to
a
n
u
n
e
th
ical
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
,
cr
ea
tin
g
co
n
f
u
s
io
n
,
h
in
d
e
r
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
g
en
er
atin
g
d
is
-
tr
u
s
t a
r
o
u
n
d
th
e
en
tire
n
etwo
r
k
o
f
ac
to
r
s
wh
o
co
n
v
er
g
e
in
t
h
ese
en
titi
es
[
2
9
]
.
On
ce
th
is
co
n
t
ex
t
is
estab
lis
h
ed
,
wh
eth
e
r
d
ir
ec
tly
o
r
in
d
i
r
ec
tly
,
th
er
e
is
a
g
r
ea
ter
p
r
o
p
en
s
ity
to
war
d
s
eth
ical
tr
an
s
g
r
ess
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
co
n
s
titu
te
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
er
s
is
ten
t a
n
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
[
3
0
]
.
I
n
HE
I
s
,
it
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
to
ad
h
er
e
to
th
e
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
in
teg
r
ity
,
eth
ical
cu
ltu
r
e,
an
d
,
m
o
s
t
n
o
tab
ly
,
th
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
co
n
f
licts
in
an
eth
ical
m
an
n
er
am
o
n
g
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
,
w
h
o
ar
e
r
e
g
ar
d
e
d
as
cr
itical
an
d
in
f
lu
en
tial
ac
to
r
s
with
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
[
2
9
]
.
As
i
n
d
icate
d
b
y
R
o
th
m
an
[
3
0
]
,
th
e
v
icar
io
u
s
lear
n
in
g
p
r
ac
tices g
u
ar
an
tee
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
eth
ical
clim
ate.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
th
e
s
atis
f
ac
ti
o
n
an
d
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t
o
f
ac
ad
em
ics,
wh
o
a
r
e
th
e
c
o
r
e
ass
et
o
f
an
y
HE
I
s
.
T
h
ese
p
r
ac
tices
also
h
elp
lead
er
s
o
f
all
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
p
r
ed
ict
eth
ical
an
d
u
n
eth
ical
b
eh
av
i
o
r
.
As
illu
s
tr
ated
in
T
ab
le
1
,
a
co
m
p
en
d
iu
m
o
f
p
iv
o
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
eth
ical
cli
m
ate
in
HE
I
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
,
with
an
em
p
h
asis
o
n
t
h
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
th
eir
im
p
ac
t o
n
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
as
d
elin
ea
ted
b
y
Victo
r
an
d
C
u
llen
[
2
0
]
.
As
illu
s
tr
ated
in
T
ab
le
1
,
it
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at:
i)
s
elf
-
in
ter
est
i
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
eg
o
is
t
m
o
r
al
ju
d
g
m
en
t.
T
h
e
ter
m
“
eg
o
is
m
”
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
a
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ical
co
n
ce
p
t
th
at
p
r
io
r
itizes
o
n
e
’
s
o
wn
n
ee
d
s
at
th
e
ex
p
en
s
e
o
f
o
th
er
s
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
as
a
p
u
r
s
u
it
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
well
-
b
ein
g
,
th
e
attain
m
en
t
o
f
p
leasu
r
e,
th
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
p
o
wer
,
th
e
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
o
f
h
a
p
p
in
ess
,
o
r
th
e
f
u
lf
illme
n
t o
f
cr
iter
ia
th
at
s
er
v
e
to
ad
v
an
ce
o
n
e
’
s
o
wn
in
ter
ests
;
ii)
t
h
e
p
u
r
s
u
it
o
f
co
m
p
an
y
p
r
o
f
it
is
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
eg
o
i
s
t
an
d
lo
ca
l
m
o
r
al
ju
d
g
m
en
t
(
lo
c
u
s
o
f
an
al
y
s
is
)
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
eth
ical
d
ec
i
s
io
n
s
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
b
elief
s
h
eld
b
y
th
e
m
em
b
er
s
o
f
a
wo
r
k
team
.
T
h
e
ter
m
“
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
b
e
n
ef
it
s
”
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
d
ec
is
io
n
s
th
at
r
ef
lect
th
e
b
est
in
ter
ests
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
,
as
well
as
th
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
it
s
ee
k
s
to
ac
h
iev
e.
E
th
ical
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ar
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
b
r
o
ad
er
s
o
cial
o
r
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
in
ter
ests
;
i
ii)
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t o
f
f
r
ien
d
s
h
ip
is
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
b
en
ev
o
len
t
m
o
r
al
ju
d
g
m
en
t
an
d
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
lo
cu
s
o
f
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
u
n
d
er
s
cr
u
tin
y
is
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
c
r
iter
io
n
o
f
b
e
n
ev
o
len
ce
to
war
d
s
p
e
o
p
le,
with
a
co
n
co
m
itan
t
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
in
te
r
ests
o
f
f
r
ien
d
s
,
with
o
u
t
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
.
So
cial
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
is
ex
am
in
ed
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
o
llectiv
e.
So
cial
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
ar
is
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
o
f
altr
u
is
tic
m
o
r
al
ju
d
g
em
en
t
an
d
a
co
s
m
o
p
o
litan
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
in
an
al
y
s
is
.
E
th
ical
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ar
e
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
e
x
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
g
u
id
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
b
eh
a
v
io
r
f
r
o
m
a
s
o
cial
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
;
a
n
d
iv
)
p
er
s
o
n
al
m
o
r
ality
is
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
m
o
r
al
ju
d
g
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
r
in
ci
p
les
an
d
p
lace
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
ci
p
les
in
q
u
esti
o
n
ar
e
s
elf
-
s
elec
ted
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
an
y
’
s
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
ar
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
m
o
r
al
ju
d
g
m
en
t
an
d
lo
cu
s
o
f
lo
ca
l
a
n
aly
s
is
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
leg
al
s
tatu
tes
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
d
es
ar
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
8
7
6
-
1
8
9
3
1880
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
m
o
r
al
p
r
in
cip
l
es,
s
o
u
n
d
ju
d
g
m
en
t,
an
d
a
co
s
m
o
p
o
litan
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
r
elev
an
t
co
n
tex
t.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
les
ex
ten
d
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
an
d
ar
e
s
u
b
ject
to
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
o
f
a
leg
al
s
y
s
tem
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
an
in
teg
r
at
ed
v
iew
o
f
h
o
w
ea
c
h
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
r
elate
s
to
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le
b
eh
av
io
r
s
in
t
h
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
eth
ical
clim
ate.
I
n
lig
h
t
o
f
th
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
p
o
in
ts
,
an
d
n
o
twith
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
h
av
e
e
x
am
in
ed
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
et
h
ical
clim
ate
in
v
a
r
io
u
s
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
,
th
e
r
e
r
em
ain
s
a
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
th
at
s
p
ec
if
ically
an
aly
ze
s
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
ly
s
alien
t
in
t
h
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
h
o
w
th
ese
eth
ical
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
with
in
ac
ad
em
i
c
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
as
th
ese
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
f
u
tu
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
wh
o
will
en
co
u
n
ter
eth
ical
d
ile
m
m
as
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
s
ettin
g
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
g
ap
b
y
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
an
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
eth
ic
al
clim
ate
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
its
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
eth
ics
in
th
e
s
ec
to
r
in
wh
ich
th
ey
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
I
t
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
to
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
s
ec
to
r
in
q
u
esti
o
n
ca
n
b
e
as
cr
itical
a
s
th
e
f
in
an
cial
s
ec
to
r
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Dim
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
ty
p
e
s
o
f
eth
ical
clim
ate
[
2
0
]
D
i
me
n
si
o
n
s
Lo
c
u
s
o
f
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
Lo
c
a
l
C
o
sm
o
p
o
l
i
t
a
n
Et
h
i
c
a
l
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
o
n
Eg
o
i
sm
S
e
l
f
-
i
n
t
e
r
e
st
I
n
st
r
u
me
n
t
a
l
C
o
m
p
a
n
y
p
r
o
f
i
t
(
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
s
)
I
n
st
r
u
me
n
t
a
l
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
B
e
n
e
v
o
l
e
n
c
e
F
r
i
e
n
d
s
h
i
p
B
e
c
a
r
e
f
u
l
Te
a
m
i
n
t
e
r
e
st
B
e
c
a
r
e
f
u
l
S
o
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
p
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
P
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
P
e
r
so
n
a
l
m
o
r
a
l
i
t
y
I
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
C
o
m
p
a
n
y
r
u
l
e
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
R
u
l
e
s
La
w
s a
n
d
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
d
e
s
La
w
s a
n
d
c
o
d
e
s
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
al
m
a
p
o
f
t
h
e
e
t
h
i
c
a
l
c
l
i
m
at
e
i
n
H
E
I
s
[
2
0
]
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
w
as
to
ascer
tain
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
eth
ical
clim
at
e.
T
o
th
at
en
d
,
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
in
f
e
r
en
tial
s
tatis
tics
wer
e
em
p
l
o
y
ed
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
d
ee
m
ed
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
in
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
as
it
en
ab
les
th
e
an
aly
s
i
s
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
b
ased
o
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
a
r
e
p
r
esen
tativ
e
s
am
p
le.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
it
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
v
ar
iab
les
with
o
u
t
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
a
n
ip
u
latio
n
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
s
co
p
e
is
co
r
r
e
latio
n
al
an
d
ex
p
la
n
ato
r
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
s
a
n
o
n
-
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
d
esig
n
,
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
m
a
n
ip
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
d
ata
co
llectio
n
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
a
b
les
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
o
f
th
e
eth
ical
clim
ate
d
u
r
in
g
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
er
io
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Mea
s
u
r
eme
n
t o
f th
e
eth
ica
l o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l c
lima
te
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
…
(
Ma
r
ia
C
a
mila
B
ermeo
-
Gir
a
ld
o
)
1881
3
.
1
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
I
n
2
0
1
9
,
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
1
,
4
9
1
ac
tiv
e
an
d
en
r
o
lled
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
was
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
im
p
le
m
en
tin
g
th
e
s
im
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
,
a
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
en
s
u
r
es
th
a
t
ev
er
y
m
em
b
er
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
h
as
an
eq
u
a
l
ch
an
ce
o
f
b
ein
g
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
am
p
le.
I
n
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
5
0
%
h
eter
o
g
en
eity
was
tar
g
eted
.
T
h
e
latter
en
s
u
r
es
th
e
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
en
ess
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
an
d
th
e
s
am
e
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
as th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
o
p
u
latio
n
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
in
clu
s
io
n
c
r
iter
ia
wer
e
estab
lis
h
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
e
s
en
t
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
c
r
iter
ia
f
o
r
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
e:
f
ir
s
t,
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
an
ac
tiv
e
s
tu
d
en
t
o
f
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
in
th
e
last
s
em
ester
o
f
th
e
f
in
an
cial
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
m
u
s
t
ag
r
ee
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
v
o
lu
n
ta
r
ily
.
T
h
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
ex
cl
u
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
as:
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
als
wh
o
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
as
f
ac
u
lty
o
r
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
s
taf
f
ar
e
in
elig
ib
le
to
p
ar
ticip
ate.
I
n
d
i
v
id
u
als
wh
o
h
av
e
n
o
t
co
m
p
leted
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
in
its
en
tire
ty
ar
e
also
in
elig
ib
le
to
p
ar
ticip
ate.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
s
am
p
le
wh
en
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
was
eith
er
k
n
o
w
n
o
r
f
in
ite
as p
r
ese
n
ted
in
(
1
)
.
=
×
∝
2
×
×
2
×
(
−
1
)
+
∝
2
×
×
(
1
)
T
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
r
u
n
iv
er
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
ize,
d
en
o
ted
b
y
N,
is
1
,
4
9
1
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
co
n
f
id
en
ce
lev
el,
d
en
o
ted
b
y
Z
,
is
s
et
at
9
9
%.
T
h
e
m
ar
g
in
o
f
er
r
o
r
,
d
en
o
ted
b
y
p
,
is
s
et
at
1
0
%
(
0
.
1
0
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
ty
p
e
I
er
r
o
r
,
d
e
n
o
ted
b
y
q
,
is
s
et
at
1
–
p
(
1
−
0
.
1
0
=
0
.
9
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
d
en
o
ted
b
y
y
d
,
is
s
et
at
5
%.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
o
b
tain
e
d
(
1
5
0
)
co
n
s
titu
tes
1
0
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
1
0
%
m
ar
g
in
o
f
er
r
o
r
was
s
elec
ted
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
a
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
ac
ce
p
ted
v
alu
e
in
r
esear
ch
o
f
th
is
ty
p
e,
wh
er
e
a
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
is
s
o
u
g
h
t.
T
h
is
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
s
am
p
le
esti
m
ate
co
u
ld
v
ar
y
b
y
1
0
%
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
to
tal
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
i
s
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
ac
ce
p
tab
le
er
r
o
r
r
ate
f
o
r
th
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
tu
d
y
,
with
a
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic
s
am
p
le
an
d
th
is
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
ize
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
e
ju
s
tific
atio
n
f
o
r
s
elec
tin
g
th
is
m
ar
g
in
o
f
er
r
o
r
is
r
o
o
te
d
in
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
u
n
d
er
s
tu
d
y
with
o
u
t
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
A
s
m
aller
m
ar
g
in
o
f
er
r
o
r
wo
u
ld
n
ec
ess
itate
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
ly
lar
g
er
s
am
p
le,
wh
ich
co
u
ld
in
cu
r
ad
d
itio
n
al
c
o
s
ts
an
d
tim
e.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
v
alu
e
was
s
elec
ted
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
th
er
eb
y
m
in
im
izin
g
th
e
co
s
t
an
d
d
u
r
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
9
9
%
co
n
f
i
d
en
c
e
lev
el
g
u
ar
an
tees
th
at
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
h
ig
h
ly
l
ik
ely
to
b
e
an
ac
cu
r
ate
r
ep
r
e
s
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
is
en
h
an
c
es
th
e
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
.
A
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
o
cio
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
f
em
ale
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
5
6
.
2
%)
ex
ce
ed
ed
th
at
o
f
m
ale
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
4
3
.
8
%)
am
o
n
g
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
ca
te
g
o
r
ized
in
t
o
th
r
ee
a
g
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
:
1
7
to
2
5
y
ea
r
s
(
4
8
.
5
%
o
f
t
h
e
s
am
p
le)
,
2
6
to
3
5
y
ea
r
s
(
4
1
.
2
%),
an
d
3
6
to
4
7
y
ea
r
s
(
1
0
.
3
%).
T
h
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
’
s
s
tu
d
en
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
in
clu
d
es
in
d
iv
id
u
als
o
v
er
th
e
ag
e
o
f
4
8
,
e
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
its
elf
is
n
o
t c
o
m
p
r
is
ed
ex
clu
s
iv
ely
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
with
in
th
is
ag
e
r
an
g
e.
3
.
2
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n
T
h
e
d
ata
was
co
llected
u
s
in
g
a
2
6
-
q
u
esti
o
n
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
co
r
e
d
o
n
a
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
in
q
u
ir
ed
a
b
o
u
t t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
’
lev
el
o
f
ag
r
ee
m
en
t w
ith
s
tatem
en
ts
ab
o
u
t th
e
et
h
ical
clim
ate
in
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
c
ted
in
a
p
r
iv
ate
HE
I
s
in
th
e
city
o
f
Me
d
ellín
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
em
ester
o
f
th
e
y
ea
r
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
h
ase
tr
an
s
p
ir
e
d
b
etwe
en
Au
g
u
s
t
a
n
d
Octo
b
er
o
f
th
e
s
am
e
y
ea
r
.
T
h
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
a
s
elf
-
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
m
an
n
e
r
,
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
en
t
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
was
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
a
n
d
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
was
av
ailab
l
e
f
o
r
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
f
o
u
r
wee
k
s
,
d
u
r
in
g
wh
ich
a
to
ta
l
o
f
1
5
0
co
m
p
leted
s
u
r
v
ey
s
we
r
e
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
s
,
u
p
o
n
co
m
p
letio
n
,
u
n
d
er
wen
t
a
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
r
ev
iew
to
ascer
tain
th
e
ad
eq
u
ac
y
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
wh
ich
wo
u
ld
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
in
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
.
3
.
3
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
eth
ical
clim
ate
en
tailed
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ix
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
2
6
item
s
o
f
et
h
ical
clim
ate
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Victo
r
an
d
C
u
llen
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
to
u
tili
ze
s
ix
o
f
th
e
n
in
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
eth
ic
al
clim
ate
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Victo
r
an
d
C
u
llen
[
2
0
]
was
m
a
d
e
af
ter
a
s
tr
ateg
ic
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
t
h
at
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est alig
n
m
en
t w
ith
th
e
co
n
tex
t o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
n
am
ely
,
HE
I
s
with
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
f
o
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its
ev
alu
atio
n
b
y
two
ex
p
e
r
ts
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
On
e
o
f
th
ese
ex
p
er
ts
ass
i
s
ted
in
th
e
tr
a
n
s
latio
n
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
in
to
Sp
an
is
h
,
wh
ile
th
e
o
th
er
v
e
r
if
ied
th
e
clar
ity
an
d
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
th
e
s
tatem
en
ts
in
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
with
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
n
o
p
ilo
t
test
was
co
n
d
u
cted
,
a
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
tak
en
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
in
ter
m
s
o
f
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
an
d
tar
g
et
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
tr
a
n
s
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
n
o
t
lim
ited
to
a
lit
er
al
tr
an
s
latio
n
,
b
u
t
also
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
em
an
tic
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
eq
u
iv
alen
ce
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
jo
in
t
wo
r
k
o
f
th
e
tw
o
ex
p
er
ts
,
lin
g
u
is
tic
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
wer
e
m
ad
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
item
s
wer
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
ab
le
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
r
e
f
le
cted
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
m
o
d
el.
T
h
is
ex
p
er
t
ju
d
g
m
en
t
v
alid
atio
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
p
o
ten
tial
am
b
ig
u
ities
in
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
lated
item
s
a
n
d
was
co
m
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
es
(
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
t
an
d
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
,
an
d
i
n
ter
n
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
)
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
I
n
th
is
way
,
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
r
is
k
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
a
p
ilo
t
test
wer
e
m
itig
a
ted
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
3
.
4
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
s
tatis
tica
l
s
o
f
twar
e
SP
SS
was
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
th
e
e
x
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
a
n
aly
s
is
(
C
FA)
.
T
h
ese
an
aly
s
es
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
a
s
s
es
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
ti
c
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
m
ain
s
o
cial
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
[
4
1
]
,
ass
u
m
in
g
th
at
all
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
co
r
r
elate
d
t
o
s
o
m
e
ex
ten
t
[
4
2
]
.
T
h
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
an
d
its
in
ten
d
ed
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
an
aly
zi
n
g
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
an
d
d
iv
er
g
en
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
d
ata.
C
o
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
an
al
y
s
is
wa
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
ascer
tain
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Mea
s
u
r
eme
n
t o
f th
e
eth
ica
l o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l c
lima
te
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
…
(
Ma
r
ia
C
a
mila
B
ermeo
-
Gir
a
ld
o
)
1883
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
a
n
aly
z
ed
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
h
y
p
o
t
h
eses
,
with
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
C
r
am
er
’
s
V
s
tati
s
tic.
T
h
is
s
tatis
t
ic
is
u
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
it
s
er
v
es
as
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
ass
o
ciatio
n
,
allo
win
g
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
v
ar
iab
le
s
with
o
u
t
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
b
ein
g
an
aly
ze
d
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
eth
ical
clim
ate
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
[
4
3
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Nata
r
ajan
et
a
l
.
[
4
3
]
,
th
e
s
tatis
tic
r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
,
w
h
er
e
v
al
u
es
clo
s
er
to
1
s
u
g
g
est
a
s
tr
o
n
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
v
ar
iab
les,
an
d
v
alu
es
n
ea
r
er
to
0
in
d
icate
a
lac
k
o
f
s
tatis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
.
T
ab
le
3
.
S
tep
s
f
o
r
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
V
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
st
e
p
Ex
p
e
r
t
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
R
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
me
t
r
i
c
S
p
a
n
i
s
h
t
r
a
n
sl
a
t
i
o
n
Li
n
g
u
i
s
t
i
c
a
d
a
p
t
a
t
i
o
n
Ex
p
e
r
t
i
n
t
r
a
n
sl
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
l
i
n
g
u
i
st
i
c
a
d
a
p
t
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
a
n
d
l
i
n
g
u
i
s
t
i
c
c
o
n
si
s
t
e
n
c
y
Ex
p
e
r
t
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
c
l
a
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
i
st
e
n
c
y
H
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
i
st
;
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
Ex
p
e
r
t
j
u
d
g
m
e
n
t
(
q
u
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
)
Li
n
g
u
i
s
t
i
c
a
d
j
u
s
t
me
n
t
s
A
d
a
p
t
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
l
o
c
a
l
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
Ex
p
e
r
t
s
f
a
mi
l
i
a
r
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
C
o
l
o
mb
i
a
n
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
A
d
j
u
st
m
e
n
t
s
d
e
r
i
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
p
r
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
r
y
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
o
n
si
s
t
e
n
c
y
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
o
n
si
s
t
e
n
c
y
v
e
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
st
s
a
n
d
st
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
s
e
x
p
e
r
t
s
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s a
l
p
h
a
(
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
)
V
a
l
i
d
i
t
y
a
ss
e
ssm
e
n
t
S
p
e
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
s
i
n
i
n
st
r
u
me
n
t
V
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
.
K
M
O
,
B
a
r
t
l
e
t
t
,
a
n
d
f
a
c
t
o
r
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
Ex
p
e
r
t
s
i
n
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
me
t
h
o
d
s
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s a
l
p
h
a
b
y
d
i
me
n
si
o
n
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
t
h
e
d
ata
c
o
llected
f
r
o
m
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
,
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
wh
i
ch
was
to
id
en
tify
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
eth
ical
clim
ate
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
y
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
a
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
in
s
titu
tio
n
in
Me
d
ellín
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
was
to
id
en
tify
th
e
p
r
esen
t
-
d
ay
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
,
r
ath
e
r
th
an
its
an
ticip
ated
f
u
tu
r
e
co
n
d
u
ct.
4
.
1
.
Co
nv
er
g
ent
v
a
lid
it
y
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
co
m
m
en
ce
s
with
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
t
v
alid
ity
,
f
o
r
wh
ic
h
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
th
at
ex
is
t
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
h
o
w
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
th
a
t
s
er
v
e
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
em
a
r
e
e
v
alu
ated
.
B
ar
tlett
’
s
s
p
h
er
icity
an
d
th
e
Kaiser
‒
Me
y
er
‒
Olk
in
(
KM
O)
m
ea
s
u
r
e
was
ap
p
lied
to
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts.
B
ar
tlett
’
s
s
p
h
er
icity
is
a
s
tatis
tical
test
t
h
at
is
u
s
ed
to
d
etec
t
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
KM
O
m
ea
s
u
r
e
is
a
s
tati
s
tical
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
an
aly
ze
s
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
a
n
d
t
h
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
a
r
tial
co
r
r
elatio
n
c
o
ef
f
icien
ts
.
Fo
r
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
ea
ch
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
to
p
r
o
ce
ed
,
b
o
th
test
s
m
u
s
t
y
ield
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
esu
lt;
if
a
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
ee
t
a
p
ar
am
eter
,
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
an
aly
s
is
.
As
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
in
th
e
ex
ta
n
t
liter
atu
r
e,
th
er
e
ex
is
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
i
ze
d
v
alu
es
b
y
wh
ich
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
to
d
eter
m
in
e
w
h
eth
er
o
r
n
o
t
th
ese
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
o
p
tim
ally
m
ee
t
th
ese
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
.
Fo
r
B
ar
tlett
’
s
s
p
h
er
icity
,
0
.
0
5
is
th
e
c
r
itical
v
alu
e;
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
ac
c
ep
tab
le
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
p
v
alu
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
less
th
an
th
is
v
alu
e.
W
ith
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
KM
O
m
ea
s
u
r
e,
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
es
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
.
KM
O
m
ea
s
u
r
es
clo
s
e
to
0
.
9
,
0
.
8
,
0
.
7
,
0
.
6
,
an
d
less
th
an
0
.
5
a
r
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
m
a
r
v
elo
u
s
,
m
e
r
ito
r
io
u
s
,
m
id
d
lin
g
,
m
ed
io
cr
e,
an
d
u
n
ac
ce
p
tab
le,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
f
o
r
th
ese
m
ea
s
u
r
es
to
b
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le,
th
ey
m
u
s
t
ex
ce
ed
0
.
5
[
4
4
]
.
As
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
T
ab
le
4
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
ica
te
th
at
all
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
m
ee
t
th
e
estab
lis
h
ed
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
was c
o
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
th
e
e
n
tire
s
et
o
f
co
n
s
tr
u
cts th
at
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
co
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
an
aly
s
is
is
ap
p
licab
le
to
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
f
o
r
ea
c
h
co
n
s
tr
u
ct.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
f
ac
to
r
ial
lo
ad
s
is
co
n
d
u
cted
f
o
r
ea
ch
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
em
p
lo
y
in
g
th
e
s
tatis
t
ical
s
o
f
twar
e
S
PS
S.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
C
h
eu
n
g
et
a
l
.
[
4
5
]
,
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
an
a
ly
s
is
is
a
m
eth
o
d
o
f
ex
am
in
i
n
g
th
e
lev
el
at
wh
ich
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
item
s
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
ar
e
co
r
r
elate
d
.
T
h
is
is
to
s
ay
,
it
is
an
i
n
d
icato
r
o
f
wh
e
th
er
ea
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
is
tr
u
ly
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
ass
o
ciate
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ct.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
n
f
i
r
m
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
co
n
s
tr
u
ct,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
th
at
ea
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
h
av
e
a
f
ac
to
r
ial
lo
ad
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
0
.
6
.
Fo
r
a
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
to
b
e
d
ee
m
ed
r
eliab
le,
th
e
av
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
ial
lo
ad
s
m
u
s
t
ex
ce
ed
0
.
7
.
T
h
is
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
th
e
s
et
o
f
v
ar
iab
les
ca
n
ac
cu
r
ately
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
elev
an
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
As illu
s
tr
ated
in
T
ab
le
5
,
th
e
v
alu
es we
r
e
o
b
tain
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
SP
SS
s
o
f
twar
e.
As
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
m
en
tio
n
e
d
,
ce
r
tain
f
ac
to
r
lo
a
d
in
g
s
f
o
r
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
d
id
n
o
t
m
ee
t
t
h
e
e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
ese
q
u
esti
o
n
s
wer
e
elim
i
n
ated
,
a
n
d
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
o
f
ea
ch
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
was
r
ec
alib
r
ated
.
A
to
tal
o
f
s
ix
q
u
esti
o
n
s
wer
e
elim
in
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts ca
r
e
(
C
U)
,
laws
an
d
co
d
es
(
L
C
)
,
ef
f
icien
cy
(
E
F),
in
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
(
I
N)
,
an
d
co
m
p
an
y
(
C
O)
.
As
illu
s
tr
ated
in
T
a
b
le
6
,
th
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts
ar
e
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
b
y
th
e
f
in
al
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
lo
ad
in
g
s
,
an
d
m
ea
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
8
7
6
-
1
8
9
3
1884
T
ab
le
4
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
B
ar
tlett
’
s
s
p
h
er
icity
test
an
d
KM
O
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
C
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
K
M
O
B
a
r
t
l
e
t
t
C
r
i
t
e
r
i
o
n
me
t
CU
0
.
6
9
7
0
.
0
0
0
Y
e
s
LC
0
.
7
8
6
0
.
0
0
0
Y
e
s
EF
0
.
5
7
4
0
.
0
0
2
Y
e
s
RU
0
.
7
9
7
0
.
0
0
0
Y
e
s
IN
0
.
6
1
8
0
.
0
0
0
Y
e
s
CO
0
.
5
3
3
0
.
0
0
7
Y
e
s
T
ab
le
5
.
Facto
r
ial
lo
a
d
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
C
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
I
t
e
m
F
a
c
t
o
r
i
a
l
l
o
a
d
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
CU
C
U
1
0
.
2
9
0
.
5
5
C
U
2
0
.
4
8
C
U
3
0
.
4
4
C
U
4
0
.
5
7
C
U
5
0
.
7
7
C
U
6
0
.
6
0
C
U
7
0
.
7
0
LC
LC
1
0
.
3
8
5
0
.
6
6
LC
2
0
.
7
8
2
LC
3
0
.
6
8
9
LC
4
0
.
6
7
4
LC
5
0
.
6
9
LC
6
0
.
7
3
8
EF
EF1
0
.
6
1
7
0
.
5
8
EF2
0
.
3
2
6
EF3
0
.
7
4
3
EF4
0
.
6
4
4
RU
R
U
1
0
.
7
0
4
0
.
7
2
R
U
2
0
.
7
0
9
R
U
3
0
.
6
8
R
U
4
0
.
8
1
7
R
U
5
0
.
6
9
9
IN
I
N
1
0
.
4
6
3
0
.
6
3
I
N
2
0
.
7
7
2
I
N
3
0
.
6
7
1
I
N
4
0
.
6
2
4
CO
C
O
1
0
.
2
4
9
0
.
5
5
3
C
O
2
0
.
7
2
7
C
O
3
0
.
4
9
5
C
O
4
0
.
7
4
1
T
ab
le
6
.
Fin
al
f
ac
to
r
ial
lo
ad
s
C
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
I
t
e
m
F
a
c
t
o
r
i
a
l
l
o
a
d
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
CU
C
U
2
0
.
4
8
0
.
6
3
C
U
4
0
.
5
7
C
U
5
0
.
7
7
C
U
6
0
.
6
0
C
U
7
0
.
7
0
LC
LC
2
0
.
7
8
2
0
.
7
1
LC
3
0
.
6
8
9
LC
4
0
.
6
7
4
LC
5
0
.
6
9
LC
6
0
.
7
3
8
EF
EF1
0
.
6
1
7
0
.
6
7
EF3
0
.
7
4
3
EF4
0
.
6
4
4
RU
R
U
1
0
.
7
0
4
0
.
7
2
R
U
2
0
.
7
0
9
R
U
3
0
.
6
8
R
U
4
0
.
8
1
7
R
U
5
0
.
6
9
9
IN
I
N
2
0
.
7
7
2
0
.
6
9
I
N
3
0
.
6
7
1
I
N
4
0
.
6
2
4
CO
C
O
2
0
.
7
2
7
0
.
6
5
C
O
3
0
.
4
9
5
C
O
4
0
.
7
4
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Mea
s
u
r
eme
n
t o
f th
e
eth
ica
l o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l c
lima
te
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
…
(
Ma
r
ia
C
a
mila
B
ermeo
-
Gir
a
ld
o
)
1885
T
h
e
m
ea
n
v
alu
es
o
b
tain
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
s
am
p
le
ar
e
g
e
n
e
r
ally
h
ig
h
e
r
th
an
t
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
with
th
e
ex
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
C
U,
wh
ich
h
as
an
av
er
ag
e
o
f
0
.
6
3
.
W
h
ile
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
f
alls
b
elo
w
th
e
estab
lis
h
ed
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
t
h
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
th
at
s
er
v
e
to
ev
alu
ate
th
is
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
h
ig
h
e
r
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
an
d
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
th
at
m
ea
s
u
r
e
it
in
a
way
th
at
m
ee
ts
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
wer
e
r
etain
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
in
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
eth
ical
clim
ate,
as
i
t
r
elate
s
to
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
ca
r
e
b
y
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
with
in
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
o
th
er
m
e
m
b
er
s
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
an
y
an
d
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
its
elf
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
p
o
s
ited
th
at
th
is
co
n
ce
p
t
m
ay
v
ar
y
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
g
r
o
u
p
s
co
n
s
titu
tin
g
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
4
.
2
.
Dis
cr
im
ina
nt
v
a
lid
it
y
Dis
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
,
d
ef
in
e
d
as
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
h
o
w
th
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
ea
ch
o
th
e
r
,
was a
n
aly
ze
d
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
wer
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
an
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
o
r
a
wea
k
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
test
is
to
ascer
tain
wh
eth
er
a
g
iv
en
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
ac
cu
r
ately
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
in
ten
d
ed
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
an
d
is
n
o
t
ass
o
ciate
d
with
o
th
er
co
n
s
tr
u
cts.
I
n
ess
en
ce
,
ea
c
h
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
s
h
o
u
l
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
a
d
is
tin
ct
en
tity
[
4
6
]
.
T
h
is
v
alid
ity
in
d
icate
s
th
at
ea
ch
o
b
s
er
v
a
b
le
v
ar
ia
b
le
is
lo
ad
ed
to
a
s
in
g
le
f
ac
to
r
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
it
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
a
d
is
tin
ct
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
o
f
a
v
alu
e
is
d
ir
ec
tly
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
t
o
its
d
i
s
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
1
.
T
h
e
v
alid
ity
an
al
y
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
SP
SS
.
T
h
e
esti
m
ates
wer
e
g
en
er
ate
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
v
a
r
iab
les
th
at
r
e
p
r
esen
t
ea
ch
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
a
n
d
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
as
a
wh
o
le.
T
h
is
was
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
e
twee
n
co
n
s
tr
u
cts,
v
er
if
y
in
g
th
at
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
alu
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
air
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
d
o
n
o
t
in
cl
u
d
e
1
.
A
n
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
r
ev
ea
ls
th
em
to
b
e
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
d
ata
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
7
.
As
s
ee
n
,
all
v
alu
es
ar
e
b
elo
w
th
e
p
er
m
is
s
ib
le
lim
its
,
in
d
icatin
g
wea
k
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
an
d
wh
at
t
h
ey
m
ea
s
u
r
e,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t v
alid
ity
.
T
ab
le
7
.
Me
asu
r
e
d
v
alu
es o
f
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t v
alid
ity
CO
IN
RU
EF
LC
CU
CO
…
IN
(
0
.
2
1
6
;
0
.
5
1
0
)
…
RU
(
0
.
0
4
7
;
0
.
3
6
9
)
0
.
2
9
5
;
0
.
5
7
8
)
...
EF
(
0
.
1
0
6
;
0
.
4
2
3
)
(
0
.
2
2
9
;
0
.
5
2
6
)
(
0
.
4
2
5
;
0
.
6
5
7
)
...
LC
(
0
.
0
4
3
;
0
.
3
5
4
)
(
0
.
2
2
3
;
0
.
5
1
2
)
(
0
.
4
2
3
;
0
.
6
9
4
)
(
0
.
4
3
3
;
0
.
6
5
2
)
...
CU
(
0
.
2
6
4
;
0
.
5
3
8
)
(
0
.
2
9
5
;
0
.
5
7
5
)
(
0
.
2
5
4
;
0
.
5
3
3
)
(
0
.
1
8
1
;
0
.
4
8
8
)
(
0
.
2
9
4
;
0
.
5
5
2
)
...
4
.
3
.
Relia
bil
it
y
R
eliab
ilit
y
is
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
with
wh
ich
a
s
u
r
v
ey
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
[
4
7
]
.
It
is
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
o
b
tain
ac
c
u
r
ate
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
t
r
esu
lts
.
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
is
a
s
tatis
tica
l
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
in
te
r
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
a
s
ca
le.
I
t
ca
lc
u
lates
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
v
alu
es
b
etwe
en
th
e
item
s
o
f
ea
c
h
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
ca
le
’
s
in
ter
n
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
[
4
8
]
.
V
alu
es
th
at
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
1
in
d
icate
g
r
ea
ter
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
th
e
an
aly
ze
d
it
em
s
.
Gen
er
ally
,
a
v
alu
e
eq
u
al
to
o
r
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
0
.
7
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ac
ce
p
tab
le
[
4
2
]
,
alth
o
u
g
h
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
th
at
v
alu
es
as
lo
w
as
0
.
6
ar
e
also
ac
ce
p
tab
le
[
4
9
]
,
[
5
0
]
.
As
illu
s
tr
ated
in
T
ab
le
8
,
t
h
e
v
alu
es we
r
e
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
th
e
SP
SS
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
i
s
an
aly
s
is
ar
e
c
lo
s
e
to
1
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
item
s
o
f
ea
ch
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts
ar
e
r
elia
b
le.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
u
n
d
e
r
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
ev
alu
ates
co
r
r
el
atio
n
al
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
in
f
lu
en
c
e
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
a
n
eth
ical
clim
ate
in
th
eir
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
T
ab
le
8
.
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
v
al
u
es
C
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s a
l
p
h
a
CU
0
.
7
5
1
LC
0
.
8
4
0
EF
0
.
7
0
5
RU
0
.
8
3
4
IN
0
.
7
6
2
CO
0
.
6
9
5
4
.
4
.
H
y
po
t
hes
is
t
esting
T
h
e
h
y
p
o
th
esized
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
wer
e
test
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
eth
ical
clim
ate
in
an
in
s
titu
tio
n
in
th
e
city
o
f
Me
d
ellín
b
y
ca
lcu
la
tin
g
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ass
o
ciatio
n
(
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
e
f
f
i
cien
t)
b
etwe
en
two
v
ar
iab
les.
T
o
th
is
en
d
,
C
r
am
er
’
s
V,
a
s
tatis
tical
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
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