I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
42
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
20
26
,
p
p
.
485
~
4
9
7
I
SS
N:
2
502
-
4
7
52
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
ee
cs
.v
42.
i
2
.
p
p
485
-
4
9
7
485
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ee
cs
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
To
pic
m
o
del
ing
i
n t
o
uris
m
r
esea
rc
h:
a
biblio
m
e
tric s
tudy
Va
lent
inu
s
Ro
by
H
a
na
nto
1,
2
,
Viv
ine N
urca
hy
a
w
a
t
i
2
,
T
utut
Wurij
a
nto
2
,
T
it
ik
L
u
s
ia
ni
2
,
M
a
t
e
K
o
v
a
cs
1
1
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
R
i
t
s
u
me
i
k
a
n
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
I
b
a
r
a
k
i
,
J
a
p
a
n
2
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
ms,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
c
s,
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
a
s D
i
n
a
mi
k
a
,
S
u
r
a
b
a
y
a
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ma
r
4
,
2
0
2
5
R
ev
i
s
ed
Ma
r
6
,
2
0
2
6
A
cc
ep
ted
Ma
y
2
6
,
2
0
2
6
T
h
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
in
t
h
e
t
o
u
rism
d
o
m
a
in
h
a
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
a
p
o
p
u
lar
re
se
a
rc
h
to
p
ic
i
n
th
e
las
t
d
e
c
a
d
e
.
T
h
is
stu
d
y
a
i
m
s
to
p
ro
v
id
e
a
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
b
ib
li
o
m
e
tri
c
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
t
o
u
rism
o
v
e
r
th
e
p
e
rio
d
2
0
1
0
t
o
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
d
a
ta
f
o
r
th
is
stu
d
y
w
e
r
e
so
u
rc
e
d
f
ro
m
th
e
S
c
o
p
u
s
d
a
tab
a
se
,
a
w
id
e
ly
re
c
o
g
n
ize
d
re
p
o
si
to
ry
o
f
p
e
e
r
-
re
v
ie
w
e
d
li
tera
tu
re
.
T
h
e
se
a
rc
h
w
a
s
r
e
stricte
d
to
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
f
ro
m
Ja
n
u
a
r
y
1
,
2
0
1
0
,
t
o
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
3
1
,
2
0
2
3
,
to
c
a
p
tu
re
t
h
e
e
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
t
sta
te
o
f
th
is
ra
p
id
ly
g
ro
w
in
g
f
ield
.
Us
in
g
V
OSv
ie
w
e
r
a
n
d
S
c
iM
A
T
so
f
t
w
a
re
to
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
a
rti
c
les
in
th
e
S
c
o
p
u
s
d
a
tab
a
se
,
t
h
e
st
u
d
y
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
k
e
y
tren
d
s,
in
f
lu
e
n
ti
a
l
a
u
th
o
rs
,
a
n
d
f
u
tu
re
re
se
a
rc
h
d
irec
ti
o
n
s.
T
h
is
stu
d
y
in
d
ica
tes
th
e
g
ro
w
th
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
in
to
p
ic
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
f
o
r
to
u
r
ism
re
se
a
r
c
h
,
w
it
h
m
o
re
th
a
n
1
0
0
S
c
o
p
u
s
-
i
n
d
e
x
e
d
p
a
p
e
rs
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
a
n
n
u
a
ll
y
in
2
0
2
3
a
lo
n
e
.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
o
f
th
is
stu
d
y
sh
o
w
th
a
t
to
p
ic
m
o
d
e
l
in
g
h
a
s
a
w
id
e
ra
n
g
e
o
f
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
to
u
rism
,
d
e
m
o
n
stra
ti
n
g
it
s
u
t
il
it
y
in
v
a
rio
u
s
c
o
n
tex
ts
to
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
to
u
rist
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
a
n
d
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
sm
a
rt
to
u
rism
in
it
iativ
e
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
C
itatio
n
an
al
y
s
i
s
R
esear
ch
tr
e
n
d
S
m
ar
t to
u
r
i
s
m
T
o
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Vale
n
ti
n
u
s
R
o
b
y
Han
a
n
to
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
Scien
c
e
an
d
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
R
its
u
m
ei
k
an
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
I
b
ar
ak
i,
Osak
a,
J
ap
an
E
m
ail:
h
an
a
n
to
@
f
c.
r
it
s
u
m
ei.
a
c.
j
p
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
ad
v
en
t
o
f
s
m
ar
t
to
u
r
i
s
m
h
as
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
ed
t
h
e
w
a
y
to
u
r
is
t
d
est
in
at
io
n
s
ar
e
m
a
n
ag
ed
a
n
d
e
x
p
er
i
en
ce
d
.
S
m
ar
t
to
u
r
is
m
r
e
f
er
s
to
t
h
e
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
of
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
—
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
in
ter
n
et
of
t
h
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
,
b
ig
d
ata
an
al
y
tic
s
,
ar
tif
icia
l
in
tel
lig
e
n
ce
,
an
d
m
o
b
ile
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
—
in
to
to
u
r
i
s
m
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
,
s
u
s
tai
n
a
b
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
t
io
n
o
f
s
er
v
ice
s
[
1
]
.
I
t
lev
er
a
g
es
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
lat
f
o
r
m
s
,
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
,
tr
av
el
ap
p
s
,
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
d
atab
ases
,
to
cr
ea
te
s
ea
m
le
s
s
a
n
d
en
r
ich
ed
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
f
o
r
to
u
r
is
t
s
w
h
i
le
o
p
tim
iz
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
a
g
e
f
o
r
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
[
2
]
.
S
m
ar
t
to
u
r
is
m
h
a
s
b
ec
o
m
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
l
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
as
it
m
ee
ts
t
h
e
ev
o
l
v
in
g
d
e
m
an
d
s
of
m
o
d
er
n
tr
av
eler
s
,
w
h
o
s
ee
k
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
co
n
v
e
n
ie
n
c
e
an
d
a
c
ce
s
s
i
b
il
i
ty
b
u
t
al
s
o
h
ig
h
ly
cu
s
t
o
m
i
z
e
d
,
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
ex
p
e
r
i
en
c
es
.
I
m
p
l
em
en
t
in
g
s
m
a
r
t
te
ch
n
o
l
o
g
i
es
e
n
ab
les
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
to
ca
ter
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
t
o
to
u
r
is
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
,
en
h
a
n
ce
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
co
n
tr
o
l
cr
o
w
d
f
lo
w
,
a
n
d
m
i
n
i
m
ize
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
e
f
f
ec
t
s
,
th
u
s
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
to
u
r
is
m
[
3
]
.
I
n
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
p
an
d
e
m
ic
er
a,
s
m
ar
t
to
u
r
is
m
also
p
la
y
s
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
en
s
u
r
in
g
h
ea
lt
h
an
d
s
af
et
y
b
y
f
ac
ilit
ati
n
g
co
n
tactles
s
s
er
v
ices
,
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
v
is
ito
r
f
l
o
w
s
,
an
d
ad
ap
tin
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
itie
s
in
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
to
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
W
ith
th
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
of
th
ese
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
,
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
ch
h
as
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
l
y
e
m
b
r
ac
ed
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
ex
tr
ac
t
ac
t
io
n
ab
le
in
s
i
g
h
t
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
v
as
t
a
m
o
u
n
t
s
o
f
u
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
d
ata
g
en
er
ated
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
p
lat
f
o
r
m
s
.
A
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
p
o
r
tio
n
of
th
i
s
d
ata
co
m
e
s
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
-
g
en
er
ated
co
n
ten
t
(
UGC)
—
s
u
c
h
as
o
n
li
n
e
r
ev
ie
w
s
,
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
o
s
ts
,
a
n
d
b
lo
g
s
—
w
h
er
e
to
u
r
i
s
ts
f
r
ee
l
y
s
h
ar
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
ex
p
r
es
s
o
p
in
io
n
s
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
Am
o
n
g
e
m
er
g
in
g
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies,
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
h
a
s
g
ai
n
ed
s
u
b
s
ta
n
tial
tr
ac
tio
n
.
T
o
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
is
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
42
,
No
.
2
,
May
20
26
:
4
8
5
-
497
486
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
th
at
id
en
ti
f
ies
late
n
t
th
e
m
e
s
o
r
to
p
i
cs
w
i
th
i
n
lar
g
e
te
x
t
co
r
p
o
r
a
w
ith
o
u
t
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
p
r
io
r
an
n
o
tatio
n
s
[
4]
.
It
h
elp
s
u
n
co
v
er
p
atter
n
s
an
d
tr
en
d
s
th
at
m
ig
h
t
o
th
er
w
is
e
r
e
m
a
in
h
id
d
e
n
,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
i
g
h
ts
f
o
r
to
u
r
i
s
m
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
.
B
y
a
n
al
y
zi
n
g
UGC
th
r
o
u
g
h
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
a
n
d
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
ca
n
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
to
u
r
i
s
ts
’
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
,
p
r
ed
ict
tr
en
d
s
,
a
n
d
m
ak
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
s
to
e
n
h
an
ce
s
er
v
ice
q
u
alit
y
an
d
d
esti
n
at
io
n
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
h
as
e
v
o
lv
ed
o
v
er
th
e
y
ea
r
s
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
ti
n
g
u
n
i
q
u
el
y
to
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
u
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
d
ata
i
n
to
u
r
is
m
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
T
h
ese
m
e
th
o
d
s
h
av
e
e
n
ab
led
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
u
n
co
v
er
laten
t
th
e
m
es,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
d
ee
p
er
in
s
i
g
h
t
s
i
n
to
to
u
r
is
t
b
eh
a
v
io
r
an
d
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
.
O
n
e
of
t
h
e
ea
r
l
y
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
s
ed
in
t
h
i
s
d
o
m
ai
n
is
L
aten
t
Se
m
a
n
tic
An
al
y
s
i
s
(
L
S
A
)
,
w
h
ich
e
m
er
g
ed
in
th
e
late
1
9
9
0
s
[
5
]
.
L
S
A
ap
p
l
ies
s
in
g
u
lar
v
alu
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
to
id
e
n
ti
f
y
a
n
d
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
l
y
in
g
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
of
r
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
s
a
m
o
n
g
ter
m
s
a
n
d
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
h
as
b
ee
n
u
ti
lized
in
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
c
h
to
an
al
y
ze
lar
g
e
d
atasets
of
te
x
t,
s
u
c
h
as
o
n
lin
e
r
ev
ie
w
s
a
n
d
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
o
s
ts
,
u
n
co
v
er
i
n
g
i
n
s
i
g
h
ts
i
n
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
e
n
t
i
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
lat
en
t
Dir
ic
h
let
allo
ca
tio
n
(
L
D
A
)
,
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
by
B
lei
et
a
l.
[
4
]
,
h
as
b
ee
n
one
of
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
pop
u
lar
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
an
d
h
as
b
ee
n
w
id
el
y
ad
o
p
ted
in
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
ch
s
i
n
ce
th
e
ea
r
l
y
2
0
1
0
s
.
L
D
A
ass
u
m
e
s
th
at
each
d
o
cu
m
en
t
is
a
m
i
x
tu
r
e
of
to
p
ics,
an
d
each
to
p
ic
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
by
a
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
of
w
o
r
d
s
.
I
n
th
e
to
u
r
is
m
d
o
m
ai
n
,
L
D
A
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ex
ten
s
i
v
el
y
u
s
ed
to
an
al
y
ze
r
ev
ie
w
s
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
s
o
u
r
c
es,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
to
u
r
is
t
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
[
7
]
,
h
o
tel
r
ev
ie
w
s
[
8
]
,
an
d
r
estau
r
an
t
r
e
v
ie
w
s
[
9
]
.
B
u
ild
in
g
o
n
L
D
A
,
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
to
p
ic
m
o
d
el
(
DT
M)
[
1
0
]
g
ain
ed
tr
ac
tio
n
in
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
c
h
ar
o
u
n
d
2
0
1
5
.
DT
M
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
o
f
to
p
ics
o
v
er
ti
m
e,
m
a
k
i
n
g
it
id
ea
l
f
o
r
an
al
y
zi
n
g
te
m
p
o
r
al
s
h
i
f
ts
in
co
n
s
u
m
er
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
Xu
et
a
l.
[
1
1
]
ap
p
lied
D
T
M
to
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
-
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
g
eo
tag
g
ed
p
h
o
to
s
(
C
C
GP
s
)
to
o
b
tain
te
m
p
o
r
all
y
f
in
e
-
g
r
ain
ed
to
p
ic
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
of
u
s
er
s
a
n
d
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
A
r
o
u
n
d
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
er
io
d
,
n
o
n
-
n
e
g
ati
v
e
m
atr
i
x
f
ac
to
r
izatio
n
(
NM
F)
e
m
er
g
e
d
as
an
alter
n
ati
v
e
to
L
D
A
.
Un
l
ik
e
L
D
A
,
w
h
ic
h
is
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic,
NM
F
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
e
s
t
h
e
w
o
r
d
-
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
m
atr
ix
i
n
to
n
o
n
-
n
e
g
ati
v
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
in
ter
p
r
etab
le
to
p
ics.
A
s
tu
d
y
by
J
an
s
e
n
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
em
p
lo
y
ed
NM
F
to
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
m
ar
k
et
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
by
an
al
y
zi
n
g
o
n
lin
e
cu
s
to
m
er
p
atter
n
s
o
v
er
tim
e.
I
n
th
e
ea
r
l
y
2
0
1
0
s
,
th
e
co
r
r
elate
d
t
o
p
ic
m
o
d
el
(
C
T
M)
b
ec
am
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
l
y
p
o
p
u
lar
.
C
T
M,
an
e
x
ten
s
io
n
o
f
L
D
A
,
ac
co
u
n
ts
f
o
r
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
to
p
ics,
m
a
k
in
g
it
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
i
n
t
er
d
ep
en
d
en
t to
p
ics
[
1
3
]
.
Fo
r
e
x
a
m
p
le,
a
r
ec
e
n
t st
u
d
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
C
T
M
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
late
n
t
to
p
ics
f
r
o
m
T
r
ip
A
d
v
is
o
r
r
e
v
ie
w
s
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
eir
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
ai
m
ed
to
p
r
ed
ict
o
p
tim
a
l
tr
av
el
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
b
ased
on
u
s
er
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
by
c
o
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
s
en
ti
m
e
n
t
s
co
r
es
an
d
s
tar
r
ati
n
g
s
.
T
h
e
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
Dir
ic
h
let
p
r
o
ce
s
s
(
HDP
)
,
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
T
eh
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
,
h
as
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
to
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
to
u
r
is
m
d
ataset
s
.
HDP
ca
n
a
u
to
m
at
icall
y
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
to
p
ics,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
li
m
ita
tio
n
s
o
f
L
D
A
.
A
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
y
by
Z
h
a
n
g
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
ca
te
g
o
r
izes
d
o
cu
m
en
t
s
i
n
to
22
s
u
b
-
d
o
m
ai
n
ca
te
g
o
r
ies,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
to
u
r
is
m
.
T
h
eir
w
o
r
k
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
d
is
co
v
er
ed
i
n
ter
-
to
p
ic
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
an
d
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
a
m
o
n
g
s
u
b
to
p
ics
in
th
e
to
p
ic
h
ier
ar
ch
y
.
B
y
th
e
e
a
r
ly
2
0
2
0
s
,
a
d
v
an
c
es
in
n
a
tu
r
a
l
l
an
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
c
ess
in
g
(
N
L
P)
l
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
B
E
R
T
-
b
a
s
e
d
T
o
p
i
c
M
o
d
e
l
s
.
B
E
R
T
(
B
i
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
al
E
n
c
o
d
e
r
R
e
p
r
es
en
t
at
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
s
)
,
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
b
y
D
ev
li
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
,
c
a
p
t
u
r
es
c
o
n
t
ex
tu
a
l
w
o
r
d
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
s
,
m
ak
i
n
g
i
t
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
f
o
r
an
a
ly
z
in
g
s
h
o
r
t
t
ex
ts
.
R
ey
-
M
o
r
en
o
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
8
]
u
s
e
d
a
B
E
R
T
-
b
as
e
d
t
o
p
ic
m
o
d
e
l
(
B
E
R
T
o
p
i
c
)
t
o
a
n
a
ly
z
e
h
o
t
e
l
g
u
es
t
r
ev
i
e
w
s
,
r
ev
ea
l
in
g
l
a
t
en
t
t
h
em
e
s
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
t
o
g
u
es
t
s
a
t
is
f
a
ct
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
r
u
s
t
.
T
h
e
s
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
a
i
d
ed
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
m
a
r
k
e
t
in
g
s
t
r
at
eg
i
es
a
n
d
e
n
h
an
c
e
d
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
s
p
i
t
a
li
ty
s
e
c
t
o
r
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
e
a
r
ly
p
r
o
b
a
b
il
i
s
t
i
c
m
o
d
e
ls
l
ik
e
L
DA
t
o
m
o
r
e
s
o
p
h
is
t
i
ca
t
e
d
m
o
d
el
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
HD
P
a
n
d
B
E
R
T
o
p
i
c
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
ts
th
e
in
c
r
e
as
in
g
c
o
m
p
le
x
ity
an
d
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
f
d
a
t
a
i
n
s
m
a
r
t
t
o
u
r
is
m
.
T
h
e
s
e
m
o
d
e
ls
h
av
e
em
p
o
w
e
r
e
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
an
d
p
r
a
c
t
i
ti
o
n
e
r
s
t
o
e
x
t
r
ac
t
d
a
t
a
-
d
r
iv
en
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
,
t
o
en
h
an
c
e
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
o
f
f
e
r
i
n
g
s
,
an
d
t
o
c
r
e
a
te
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
ize
d
t
o
u
r
is
m
ex
p
e
r
i
en
c
es
.
T
h
e
e
x
p
l
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
o
p
i
c
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
o
u
r
i
s
m
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
h
a
s
g
a
i
n
e
d
t
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
r
e
c
e
n
t
y
e
a
r
s
;
h
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
b
i
b
l
i
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
a
n
a
l
y
z
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
r
e
a
r
e
m
a
i
n
s
c
a
r
c
e
.
W
h
i
l
e
s
o
m
e
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
[
1
]
,
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
h
a
v
e
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
d
b
r
o
a
d
e
r
t
h
e
m
e
s
i
n
s
m
a
r
t
t
o
u
r
i
s
m
,
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
d
e
l
v
e
d
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
u
n
i
q
u
e
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
t
r
e
n
d
s
o
f
t
o
p
i
c
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
.
A
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
o
p
i
c
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
s
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
e
d
i
n
s
m
a
r
t
t
o
u
r
i
s
m
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
t
h
e
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
t
s
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
v
e
r
t
im
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
o
n
i
t
s
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
b
e
e
n
e
x
t
e
n
s
i
v
e
l
y
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
d
.
A
d
e
d
i
c
a
t
e
d
b
i
b
l
i
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
t
u
d
y
c
o
u
l
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
o
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
o
f
k
e
y
t
h
e
m
e
s
,
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
,
a
n
d
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
t
i
a
l
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
r
e
a
l
m
o
f
t
o
p
i
c
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
i
n
t
o
u
r
i
s
m
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
A
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
w
o
u
l
d
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
m
i
n
e
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
e
m
e
r
g
i
n
g
f
i
e
l
d
a
n
d
a
l
s
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
i
n
c
o
m
i
n
g
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
a
i
m
i
n
g
t
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
a
r
e
a
s
o
f
s
t
u
d
y
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
i
t
c
o
u
l
d
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e
i
n
t
e
r
d
i
s
c
i
p
l
i
n
a
r
y
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
f
o
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
a
m
o
r
e
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
g
t
o
u
r
i
s
m
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ai
m
s
to
f
ill
t
h
is
g
ap
by
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
a
n
al
y
s
is
of
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
in
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
ch
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
0
to
2
0
2
3
.
By
em
p
lo
y
in
g
m
etad
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sc
o
p
u
s
d
atab
ase,
th
is
r
esear
ch
u
t
i
lize
s
VOS
v
ie
w
er
to
v
is
u
al
iz
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
an
d
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
m
a
tic
ev
o
lu
tio
n
w
it
h
SciM
A
T
,
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
u
n
co
v
er
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
tr
e
n
d
s
,
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
t
a
u
th
o
r
s
,
a
n
d
p
o
ten
tial
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
i
f
i
c
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
to
(
i)
an
al
y
ze
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
s
of
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
,
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
a
u
th
o
r
s
,
af
f
il
i
atio
n
s
,
an
d
co
u
n
tr
ies
co
n
tr
ib
u
ti
n
g
to
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
in
to
u
r
is
m
o
v
er
th
e
last
d
e
ca
d
e,
(
ii)
i
d
en
tify
t
h
e
to
p
jo
u
r
n
al
s
an
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
p
u
b
lis
h
in
g
on
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
u
s
ag
e
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
to
u
r
is
m
d
o
m
ai
n
,
(
iii)
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
f
lu
e
n
tia
l
ar
ticles,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
To
p
ic
mo
d
elin
g
i
n
to
u
r
is
m
r
es
ea
r
ch
:
a
b
i
b
lio
metric stu
d
y
(
V
a
len
tin
u
s
R
o
b
y
Ha
n
a
n
to
)
487
au
th
o
r
s
,
a
n
d
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
s
s
h
ap
i
n
g
t
h
is
f
ield
,
(
i
v
)
u
n
co
v
er
k
e
y
th
e
m
e
s
an
d
tr
en
d
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
t
h
e
m
atic
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
is
f
i
e
l
d
;
(
v
)
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
i
n
t
o
p
o
t
en
t
ia
l
f
u
tu
r
e
d
i
r
e
c
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
r
ese
a
r
c
h
an
d
p
r
a
c
t
ic
a
l
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
o
p
i
c
m
o
d
e
l
in
g
i
n
t
o
u
r
is
m
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
es
e
o
b
je
c
t
iv
e
s
,
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
a
im
s
t
o
o
f
f
e
r
a
d
e
t
a
i
l
e
d
o
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
of
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
t
a
t
e
o
f
t
o
p
i
c
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
in
t
o
u
r
is
m
r
es
e
a
r
ch
an
d
s
e
r
v
e
as
a
v
alu
a
b
l
e
r
es
o
u
r
c
e
f
o
r
r
es
e
a
r
ch
e
r
s
an
d
p
r
a
c
t
i
t
i
o
n
e
r
s
l
o
o
k
in
g
t
o
ex
p
l
o
r
e
o
r
e
x
p
an
d
u
p
o
n
th
is
ev
o
lv
in
g
f
i
e
l
d
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
r
ese
ar
ch
d
esig
n
an
d
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
a
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
w
i
th
i
n
to
u
r
is
m
r
es
ea
r
ch
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
0
to
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
f
o
llo
w
s
a
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
o
r
g
an
iz
ed
in
to
f
iv
e
k
e
y
p
h
a
s
es:
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
d
ata
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
an
d
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
E
ac
h
p
h
ase
en
s
u
r
e
s
a
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
tr
en
d
s
,
k
e
y
th
e
m
es,
a
n
d
r
esear
ch
d
y
n
a
m
ics
w
i
th
in
t
h
e
f
ield
.
2
.
1
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n
T
h
e
d
ata
f
o
r
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
w
a
s
s
o
u
r
ce
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase,
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
e
x
te
n
s
i
v
e
an
d
w
id
el
y
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
ies
o
f
p
ee
r
-
r
ev
ie
w
ed
l
iter
atu
r
e.
Sco
p
u
s
w
as
ch
o
s
e
n
f
o
r
it
s
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
co
v
er
ag
e
o
f
h
ig
h
-
i
m
p
ac
t
j
o
u
r
n
als
,
co
n
f
er
en
ce
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
s
,
an
d
o
th
er
s
ch
o
lar
l
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
r
elev
a
n
t
to
th
e
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
to
u
r
i
s
m
.
A
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
ed
s
ea
r
c
h
s
tr
ate
g
y
w
as
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
id
en
ti
f
y
r
ele
v
an
t
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
ter
m
s
co
m
b
in
ed
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
r
elate
d
to
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
(
e.
g
.
,
“
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
,
”
“L
ate
n
t
Dir
ich
let
A
llo
ca
tio
n
,
”
“
B
E
R
T
o
p
ic”)
an
d
ter
m
s
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
m
ar
t
to
u
r
is
m
d
o
m
a
in
(
e.
g
.
,
“
to
u
r
is
m
,
”
“
s
m
ar
t
to
u
r
i
s
m
,
”
“
ac
co
m
m
o
d
atio
n
,
”
“h
o
s
p
italit
y
,
”
“h
o
tel,
”
“c
u
li
n
ar
y
,
”
“
r
e
s
tau
r
a
n
t,”
“
a
ttra
ctio
n
”)
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
w
a
s
r
estricte
d
t
o
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
J
an
u
ar
y
1
,
2
0
1
0
,
to
Dec
e
m
b
er
3
1
,
2
0
2
3
,
t
o
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
to
u
r
i
s
m
co
n
tex
t
o
v
er
th
e
last
d
ec
ad
e.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
Au
g
u
s
t
1
5
,
2
0
2
4
,
an
d
th
e
in
itia
l
s
ea
r
ch
y
ield
ed
6
3
7
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
w
i
th
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
q
u
er
y
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
T
I
T
L
E
-
A
B
S
-
KE
Y
(
”to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
”
OR
”late
n
t
Dir
i
ch
let
a
llo
ca
tio
n
”
O
R
”la
ten
t
s
e
m
a
n
tic
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
”
O
R
”
B
E
R
T
o
p
ic”)
A
ND
T
I
T
L
E
-
A
B
S
-
KE
Y
(
”to
u
r
i
s
m
”
OR
”to
u
r
is
t”
O
R
”a
cc
o
m
m
o
d
atio
n
”
OR
”h
o
s
p
ita
lit
y
”
OR
”h
o
tel”
O
R
”c
u
li
n
ar
y
”
O
R
”r
estau
r
a
n
t”
O
R
”a
ttra
ctio
n
”)
A
ND
P
UB
YE
AR
>
2
0
0
9
A
ND
P
UB
YE
A
R
<
2
0
2
4
)
.
2
.
2
.
Da
t
a
prepro
ce
s
s
ing
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
r
elev
an
ce
,
in
c
lu
s
i
o
n
an
d
ex
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
w
e
r
e
ap
p
lied
.
On
l
y
p
ee
r
-
r
ev
ie
wed
j
o
u
r
n
al
ar
ticles,
co
n
f
er
en
ce
p
ap
er
s
,
an
d
r
ev
ie
w
ar
ticles
w
r
it
ten
in
E
n
g
lis
h
w
er
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
as
th
ese
s
o
u
r
ce
s
t
y
p
icall
y
r
ep
r
esen
t
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
an
d
h
ig
h
-
q
u
alit
y
r
esear
ch
i
n
th
e
f
ield
.
P
u
b
licatio
n
s
t
h
at
w
er
e
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tl
y
r
ela
ted
to
to
u
r
is
m
o
r
th
at
d
id
n
o
t
ex
p
licitl
y
u
s
e
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
as
a
m
ac
h
i
n
e
-
lear
n
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
w
er
e
ex
cl
u
d
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
a
n
u
a
l
s
cr
ee
n
i
n
g
.
Af
ter
ap
p
l
y
in
g
t
h
es
e
cr
iter
ia,
5
2
2
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
w
er
e
r
etain
ed
f
o
r
f
i
n
al
an
a
l
y
s
is
.
T
h
e
f
ilter
ed
d
ata
w
a
s
th
en
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
co
n
s
i
s
ten
c
y
.
T
h
is
in
v
o
l
v
ed
th
e
n
o
r
m
aliza
ti
o
n
o
f
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
to
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
s
p
el
lin
g
an
d
f
o
r
m
atti
n
g
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
”s
m
ar
t
to
u
r
is
m
”
an
d
”i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
to
u
r
is
m
”
w
er
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
ized
u
n
d
er
a
s
in
g
le
ter
m
.
Ne
x
t,
a
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
an
al
y
s
i
s
w
a
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
id
en
tify
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
o
cc
u
r
r
i
n
g
te
r
m
s
w
i
th
in
th
e
d
ataset.
T
h
is
s
tep
w
as
cr
u
cial
in
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
in
g
t
h
e
t
h
e
m
atic
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
i
n
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
c
h
an
d
in
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
t
h
e
d
ata
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
a
n
al
y
s
is
.
2
.
3
.
B
ibl
io
m
et
ric
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
b
i
b
lio
m
etr
ic
an
a
l
y
s
is
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
s
p
ec
ialized
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
to
o
ls
:
VOSv
i
e
w
er
an
d
SciM
A
T
.
VOSv
ie
w
er
’
s
s
tr
en
g
th
lie
s
in
its
ab
ilit
y
to
h
an
d
l
e
lar
g
e
d
atasets
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
etailed
v
is
u
al
m
ap
s
th
at
r
e
v
ea
l
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
r
esear
ch
f
ield
s
.
VO
Sv
ie
w
er
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
a
n
d
v
i
s
u
alize
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
Ke
y
w
o
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
th
e
m
es
in
t
h
e
d
ataset
b
y
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
h
o
w
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
ap
p
ea
r
ed
to
g
eth
er
in
th
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
C
l
u
s
ter
s
o
f
r
elate
d
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
w
er
e
id
en
t
if
ied
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
i
n
to
th
e
m
ai
n
to
p
ics
o
f
in
ter
est
w
i
th
i
n
t
h
e
to
u
r
is
m
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
.
C
itatio
n
an
al
y
s
i
s
w
as
also
co
n
d
u
cted
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
cited
ar
ticles
an
d
au
t
h
o
r
s
.
T
h
is
an
al
y
s
i
s
h
elp
ed
to
id
en
ti
f
y
s
e
m
i
n
al
w
o
r
k
s
an
d
i
n
f
lu
e
n
tial
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
to
th
e
f
ield
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
in
to
u
r
is
m
.
SciM
A
T
w
as
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
lo
n
g
it
u
d
in
al
an
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
th
e
m
es.
T
h
is
to
o
l
en
ab
led
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
to
p
ics
o
v
er
t
i
m
e,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
h
o
w
t
h
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
in
to
u
r
is
m
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
h
as
s
h
i
f
ted
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
0
to
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
m
atic
e
v
o
l
u
tio
n
m
ap
s
w
er
e
cr
ea
ted
to
ill
u
s
tr
ate
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
o
f
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
th
e
m
e
s
o
v
er
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
er
io
d
.
T
h
ese
m
ap
s
r
ev
e
aled
h
o
w
ce
r
tai
n
to
p
ics g
ai
n
ed
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
ce
o
r
d
ec
lin
ed
in
r
el
ev
an
ce
o
v
er
ti
m
e.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
ese
n
ts
t
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
i
n
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
ch
o
v
er
th
e
p
er
io
d
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
0
to
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
is
o
r
g
an
ized
in
to
f
i
v
e
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
:
p
u
b
licatio
n
tr
en
d
s
,
citatio
n
a
n
al
y
s
is
,
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
an
al
y
s
is
,
t
h
e
m
atic
e
v
o
l
u
tio
n
,
a
n
d
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
.
E
ac
h
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ts
k
e
y
i
n
s
ig
h
t
s
in
to
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t a
n
d
f
o
cu
s
ar
ea
s
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
to
u
r
is
m
r
es
ea
r
ch
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
42
,
No
.
2
,
May
20
26
:
4
8
5
-
497
488
3
.
1
.
P
ub
lica
t
io
ns
t
re
nd
s
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
tr
en
d
s
h
i
g
h
lig
h
t
s
a
co
n
s
is
te
n
t
r
is
e
in
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
in
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
ch
f
r
o
m
2010
to
2
0
2
3
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
u
b
licat
io
n
s
w
er
e
r
elati
v
el
y
lo
w
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
0
to
2
0
1
5
(
less
th
a
n
2
0
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
a
n
n
u
all
y
)
,
w
it
h
m
i
n
o
r
f
l
u
ctu
atio
n
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
s
tar
ti
n
g
in
2
0
1
6
,
th
er
e
is
a
n
o
ticea
b
le
in
cr
ea
s
e,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
a
r
ap
id
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ed
g
r
o
w
t
h
af
ter
2
0
1
9
.
T
h
is
s
u
r
g
e
in
d
icate
s
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
in
g
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
as
v
a
lu
ab
le
to
o
ls
in
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
to
u
r
is
m
tr
en
d
s
,
co
n
s
u
m
er
b
eh
av
io
r
,
an
d
m
ar
k
et
d
y
n
a
m
i
cs.
As
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
t
h
e
an
n
u
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
r
o
s
e
s
h
ar
p
l
y
f
r
o
m
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
tel
y
2
0
in
2
0
1
6
to
o
v
er
1
3
0
b
y
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
s
teep
u
p
w
ar
d
tr
en
d
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
0
o
n
w
ar
d
r
ef
lects
a
b
r
o
ad
er
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
d
ig
ital
d
ata
an
al
y
t
ics
an
d
s
m
ar
t
to
u
r
is
m
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic
lik
el
y
ac
ted
as
a
ca
tal
y
s
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
2
0
2
0
-
2
0
2
1
,
p
r
o
m
p
ti
n
g
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
e
x
p
lo
r
e
n
e
w
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
a
s
te
x
t
m
i
n
i
n
g
an
d
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
d
r
elian
ce
o
n
d
ig
ita
l
p
lat
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
to
u
r
is
m
s
er
v
ice
s
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
is
g
r
o
w
t
h
tr
aj
ec
to
r
y
s
u
g
g
es
ts
th
a
t
th
e
f
ield
w
ill
co
n
ti
n
u
e
to
ex
p
an
d
as
th
e
to
u
r
is
m
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
t
eg
r
ates
m
o
r
e
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
le
v
er
ag
i
n
g
o
n
li
n
e
r
ev
ie
w
s
,
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia,
an
d
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
u
s
er
-
g
en
er
ated
co
n
te
n
t
to
en
h
a
n
ce
to
u
r
is
m
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
cu
s
to
m
er
s
ati
s
f
ac
t
io
n
.
R
e
g
ar
d
in
g
t
y
p
es
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
p
er
io
d
,
th
er
e
ar
e
3
1
7
j
o
u
r
n
al
ar
ticles,
1
7
9
co
n
f
er
en
ce
p
ap
er
s
,
1
4
r
ev
ie
w
p
ap
er
s
,
an
d
1
2
b
o
o
k
ch
ap
ter
s
an
d
lett
er
s
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
r
ev
ea
l
s
a
w
i
d
e
ar
r
ay
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
in
f
l
u
en
ci
n
g
th
e
f
ie
ld
.
T
ab
le
1
d
is
p
la
y
s
t
h
e
s
i
x
lead
in
g
j
o
u
r
n
als
b
y
p
u
b
licatio
n
v
o
l
u
m
e,
co
l
lectiv
el
y
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
2
5
%
o
f
all
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ti
n
g
t
h
eir
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t r
o
le
in
s
h
ap
i
n
g
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
o
n
t
o
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
i
n
to
u
r
is
m
r
ese
ar
ch
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
p
u
b
licat
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
0
to
2
0
2
3
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
to
p
jo
u
r
n
als i
n
te
r
m
s
o
f
p
u
b
lica
tio
n
v
o
lu
m
e
d
u
r
in
g
2
0
1
0
-
2023
R
a
n
k
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
t
i
t
l
e
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
S
u
b
j
e
c
t
a
r
e
a
P
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
r
1
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
23
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r
sc
i
e
n
c
e
;
e
n
e
r
g
y
;
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
a
l
sci
e
n
c
e
;
so
c
i
a
l
sci
e
n
c
e
s
M
D
P
I
2
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
n
t
e
mp
o
r
a
r
y
H
o
sp
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
15
B
u
s
i
n
e
ss,
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
a
n
d
A
c
c
o
u
n
t
i
n
g
El
se
v
i
e
r
3
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
H
o
sp
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
12
B
u
s
i
n
e
ss,
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
a
n
d
A
c
c
o
u
n
t
i
n
g
El
se
v
i
e
r
4
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
I
ssu
e
s i
n
T
o
u
r
i
sm
12
B
u
s
i
n
e
ss,
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
a
n
d
A
c
c
o
u
n
t
i
n
g
;
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
T
a
y
l
o
r
a
n
d
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
5
T
o
u
r
i
sm M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
8
B
u
s
i
n
e
ss,
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
a
n
d
A
c
c
o
u
n
t
i
n
g
;
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
El
se
v
i
e
r
6
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
H
o
sp
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
T
o
u
r
i
sm
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
8
B
u
s
i
n
e
ss,
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
a
n
d
A
c
c
o
u
n
t
i
n
g
;
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
Eme
r
a
l
d
3.
2
.
Cit
a
t
io
n a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
a
citatio
n
an
a
l
y
s
is
to
id
e
n
ti
f
y
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
f
lu
e
n
tia
l
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
au
th
o
r
s
in
to
u
r
i
s
m
r
esear
ch
.
Usi
n
g
Sco
p
u
s
,
th
e
t
o
p
-
cited
p
ap
er
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
0
to
2
0
2
3
w
er
e
id
en
t
if
ied
,
an
d
Sci
m
ag
o
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
R
a
n
k
(
SJ
R
)
s
co
r
e
w
as
u
tili
ze
d
to
ass
ess
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
j
o
u
r
n
als
th
at
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
th
ese
w
o
r
k
s
(
s
ee
T
a
b
le
2
)
.
T
h
e
SJ
R
d
ata
(
co
llected
o
n
Octo
b
er
3
0
,
2
0
2
4
)
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
s
i
g
h
t
i
n
to
th
e
q
u
al
it
y
a
n
d
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
j
o
u
r
n
als,
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
t
h
e
citat
io
n
an
al
y
s
i
s
b
y
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ti
n
g
t
h
e
ac
ad
e
m
ic
s
ta
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
t
lets
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
To
p
ic
mo
d
elin
g
i
n
to
u
r
is
m
r
es
ea
r
ch
:
a
b
i
b
lio
metric stu
d
y
(
V
a
len
tin
u
s
R
o
b
y
Ha
n
a
n
to
)
489
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t c
i
ted
j
o
u
r
n
al
p
ap
er
s
d
u
r
in
g
2
0
1
0
-
2023
R
a
n
k
T
i
t
l
e
C
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
Y
e
a
r
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
(
S
JR
)
1
M
i
n
i
n
g
me
a
n
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
o
n
l
i
n
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
s
a
n
d
r
e
v
i
e
w
s:
to
u
r
i
st
sat
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
a
l
y
si
s u
si
n
g
l
a
t
e
n
t
D
i
r
i
c
h
l
e
t
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
[
2
1
]
7
0
8
2
0
1
7
T
o
u
r
i
sm ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
(
3
.
3
5
)
2
G
r
e
e
n
,
c
i
r
c
u
l
a
r
,
b
i
o
e
c
o
n
o
my
:
a
c
o
mp
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s o
f
su
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
v
e
n
u
e
s
[
2
2
]
6
5
9
2
0
1
7
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
c
l
e
a
n
e
r
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
(
2
.
0
6
)
3
T
h
e
a
n
t
e
c
e
d
e
n
t
s o
f
c
u
st
o
me
r
sa
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
d
i
ssa
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
t
o
w
a
r
d
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
t
y
p
e
s o
f
h
o
t
e
l
s:
a
t
e
x
t
mi
n
i
n
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
[
2
3
]
3
1
9
2
0
1
6
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
h
o
sp
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
man
a
g
e
me
n
t
(
2
.
9
2
)
4
A
n
a
l
y
si
n
g
t
r
i
p
a
d
v
i
so
r
r
e
v
i
e
w
s o
f
t
o
u
r
i
st
a
t
t
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
P
h
u
k
e
t
,
T
h
a
i
l
a
n
d
[
2
4
]
2
2
5
2
0
1
9
T
o
u
r
i
sm ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
(
3
.
3
5
)
5
W
i
sd
o
m o
f
c
r
o
w
d
s:
C
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
n
g
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
-
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
(
I
P
A
)
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
n
l
i
n
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
[
2
5
]
2
1
7
2
0
1
9
T
o
u
r
i
sm ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
(
3
.
3
5
)
6
S
e
n
t
i
me
n
t
c
l
a
ss
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
o
n
s
u
me
r
-
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
o
n
l
i
n
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
u
si
n
g
t
o
p
i
c
mo
d
e
l
i
n
g
[
2
6
]
1
7
8
2
0
1
7
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
h
o
sp
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
mark
e
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
(
3
.
3
5
)
7
B
u
s
i
n
e
ss
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
i
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
c
u
st
o
me
r
t
e
x
t
u
a
l
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
:
u
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
i
n
g
c
o
n
s
u
me
r
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
[
8
]
1
7
4
2
0
1
7
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
(
5
.
7
8
)
8
W
2
V
L
D
A
:
a
l
mo
st
u
n
s
u
p
e
r
v
i
se
d
sy
st
e
m fo
r
a
sp
e
c
t
b
a
se
d
se
n
t
i
me
n
t
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
[
2
7
]
1
6
4
2
0
1
8
Ex
p
e
r
t
sy
st
e
ms
w
i
t
h
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
(
1
.
8
8
)
9
S
o
c
i
a
l
me
d
i
a
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
s a
n
d
v
a
l
u
e
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
u
r
b
a
n
sm
a
r
t
t
o
u
r
i
s
m
e
c
o
s
y
st
e
ms
[
2
8
]
1
5
0
2
0
1
7
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
a
n
d
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
(
2
.
5
9
)
10
M
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
a
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
C
h
i
n
e
se
a
n
d
U
.
S
.
t
o
u
r
i
st
s
i
n
r
e
st
a
u
r
a
n
t
s
:
a
c
r
o
ss
-
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
t
e
x
t
mi
n
i
n
g
o
f
o
n
l
i
n
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
[
2
9
]
1
4
9
2
0
2
0
T
o
u
r
i
sm ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
(
3
.
3
5
)
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
ar
t
icle
b
y
G
u
o
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
ci
ted
p
ap
er
w
it
h
7
0
8
citatio
n
s
.
P
u
b
lis
h
ed
i
n
T
o
u
r
is
m
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
(
SJ
R
:
3
.
3
5
)
,
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
is
p
iv
o
tal
in
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
L
D
A
t
o
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
ch
,
estab
lis
h
in
g
a
w
id
el
y
ad
o
p
ted
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
an
al
y
zin
g
o
n
li
n
e
r
ev
ie
w
s
a
n
d
to
u
r
is
t
s
a
tis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
b
y
D
’
Am
ato
et
a
l.
[
2
2
]
,
r
an
k
in
g
a
s
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
s
t
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
d
(
6
5
9
citatio
n
s
)
,
ap
p
ea
r
e
d
in
th
e
J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
C
lean
er
P
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
(
SJ
R
:
2
.
0
6
)
.
I
t
d
elv
es
in
to
s
u
s
ta
in
ab
ili
t
y
b
y
e
x
a
m
i
n
in
g
g
r
ee
n
,
cir
c
u
lar
,
an
d
b
io
ec
o
n
o
m
ies
.
T
h
is
p
u
b
licatio
n
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
e
m
p
h
as
is
o
n
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
to
u
r
is
m
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
t
s
th
e
s
h
i
f
t
to
w
ar
d
s
m
ak
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
a
ce
n
tr
al
i
s
s
u
e
in
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
Sev
er
al
o
th
er
h
i
g
h
-
i
m
p
ac
t
p
ap
er
s
ar
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
j
o
u
r
n
als
w
it
h
s
tr
o
n
g
SJ
R
s
co
r
es,
e
m
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
in
to
u
r
i
s
m
a
n
d
r
elate
d
d
o
m
ai
n
s
.
T
o
u
r
is
m
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
J
o
u
r
n
al
(
SJ
R
:
3
.
3
5
)
a
p
p
ea
r
s
m
u
ltip
le
ti
m
es
in
t
h
e
li
s
t,
h
o
s
t
in
g
in
f
l
u
e
n
tial
w
o
r
k
s
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
an
a
l
y
zi
n
g
T
r
ip
A
d
v
is
o
r
r
ev
ie
w
s
[
2
4
]
w
it
h
2
2
5
citati
o
n
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
al
y
s
i
s
(
I
P
A
)
o
n
to
u
r
is
m
r
ev
ie
w
s
b
y
B
i
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
w
it
h
2
1
7
citatio
n
s
,
a
n
d
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
r
esta
u
r
an
t
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
’
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
is
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
j
o
u
r
n
al
in
ad
v
a
n
cin
g
to
u
r
i
s
m
an
a
l
y
tic
s
a
n
d
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
es
t SJ
R
-
s
co
r
ed
j
o
u
r
n
al
in
th
e
lis
t
is
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
at
io
n
al
J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
(
SJ
R
:
5
.
7
8
)
,
w
h
ich
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
a
s
t
u
d
y
ab
o
u
t
b
u
s
i
n
ess
in
telli
g
en
ce
in
o
n
li
n
e
cu
s
to
m
er
r
ev
ie
w
s
b
y
Xu
e
t
a
l.
[
8
]
,
g
ath
er
in
g
1
7
4
citatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
r
ef
lect
s
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
i
n
ter
d
is
cip
li
n
ar
y
n
atu
r
e
o
f
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
ch
,
w
h
er
e
in
s
ig
h
t
s
f
r
o
m
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
g
co
n
s
u
m
er
b
eh
av
io
r
.
An
i
n
ter
esti
n
g
tr
en
d
i
s
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
n
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
a
n
d
s
e
n
ti
m
en
t
an
al
y
s
is
.
Se
v
er
al
r
ela
ted
p
ap
er
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
to
p
j
o
u
r
n
als
ar
e
th
e
s
tu
d
y
b
y
C
a
lh
eir
o
s
et
a
l.
[
2
6
]
w
it
h
1
7
8
citatio
n
s
,
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
t
h
e
J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
Ho
s
p
italit
y
Ma
r
k
eti
n
g
a
n
d
Ma
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
(
SJ
R
:
3
.
3
5
)
,
an
d
a
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Gar
cia
-
P
ab
lo
s
et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
w
ith
1
6
4
citatio
n
s
,
ap
p
ea
r
in
g
i
n
E
x
p
er
t
S
y
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
A
p
p
licatio
n
s
(
SJ
R
:
1
.
8
8
)
.
T
h
ese
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
h
i
g
h
lig
h
t
th
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
a
n
d
NL
P
in
to
u
r
is
m
a
n
al
y
t
ics,
h
elp
i
n
g
r
esear
ch
er
s
an
d
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
an
al
y
ze
lar
g
e
v
o
l
u
m
e
s
o
f
u
n
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
ed
d
ata
f
r
o
m
o
n
li
n
e
p
lat
f
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
SJ
R
s
co
r
es
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
s
e
j
o
u
r
n
als
s
u
g
g
est
s
a
b
alan
ce
d
m
i
x
o
f
to
u
r
is
m
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
an
d
in
ter
d
is
cip
li
n
ar
y
j
o
u
r
n
al
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
t
h
at
s
m
ar
t
to
u
r
i
s
m
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
m
u
l
tip
le
f
ield
s
,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
cie
n
ce
.
T
h
e
r
ep
ea
ted
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
o
f
j
o
u
r
n
al
s
li
k
e
T
o
u
r
is
m
Ma
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
Ho
s
p
italit
y
Ma
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
c
en
tr
al
r
o
le
o
f
t
h
es
e
j
o
u
r
n
als
in
s
h
ap
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
lan
d
s
ca
p
e,
w
h
ile
th
e
p
r
ese
n
ce
o
f
h
ig
h
-
SJ
R
i
n
ter
d
is
cip
li
n
ar
y
j
o
u
r
n
al
s
r
ef
lect
s
th
e
b
r
o
ad
en
in
g
s
co
p
e
o
f
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
an
al
y
s
i
s
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
u
b
j
ec
t
ar
ea
(
b
as
ed
o
n
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase
m
etad
ata)
.
T
ab
le
3
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
tr
en
d
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
0
to
2
0
2
3
,
w
it
h
a
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
m
o
s
t
cited
p
ap
er
s
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
2
0
2
2
-
2
0
2
3
.
R
e
ce
n
tl
y
,
“
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cie
n
ce
”
h
a
s
b
ee
n
th
e
lead
i
n
g
f
ield
w
i
th
1
1
6
p
ap
er
s
p
u
b
lis
h
e
d
in
t
h
e
la
s
t
2
y
ea
r
s
,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
“
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
,
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
ac
co
u
n
ti
n
g
”
(
9
6
p
ap
er
s
)
,
an
d
“
s
o
cial
s
c
ien
ce
s
”
(
8
2
p
a
p
er
s
)
.
1
1
6
p
ap
e
r
s
w
er
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
i
n
t
h
e
“
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
cien
ce
”
s
u
b
j
ec
t a
r
ea
in
2
0
2
2
an
d
2
0
2
3
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
m
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
o
n
o
n
l
in
e
r
ev
ie
w
s
o
n
to
u
r
i
s
t
attr
ac
tio
n
s
[
3
0
]
,
ac
co
m
m
o
d
atio
n
[
3
1
]
-
[
3
4
]
,
an
d
r
estau
r
an
ts
[
3
5
]
,
[
3
6
]
.
A
b
o
u
t
9
6
p
ap
e
r
s
w
er
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
th
e
“
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
,
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
an
d
ac
co
u
n
ti
n
g
”
s
u
b
j
ec
t
ar
ea
in
2
0
2
2
-
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
s
h
ed
s
n
e
w
li
g
h
t
o
n
th
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
a
b
o
d
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
at
th
e
in
ter
s
e
ctio
n
o
f
h
o
s
p
italit
y
a
n
d
to
u
r
is
m
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
d
ata
s
cien
ce
[
2
0
]
,
[
3
7
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
r
ec
en
t
p
ap
er
s
th
at
w
er
e
p
u
b
li
s
h
ed
i
n
th
e
”So
cial
Scien
ce
s
”
m
a
in
l
y
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
th
e
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic
[
9
]
,
[
3
9
]
,
[
4
0
]
an
d
to
u
r
is
t
d
esti
n
atio
n
b
r
an
d
in
g
[
4
1
]
-
[
4
3
]
.
”
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
”
an
d
”
d
ec
is
io
n
s
cie
n
ce
s
”
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
42
,
No
.
2
,
May
20
26
:
4
8
5
-
497
490
s
u
b
j
ec
t
ar
ea
,
w
h
i
le
h
av
i
n
g
f
e
wer
p
u
b
li
ca
tio
n
s
,
s
till
p
r
o
d
u
ce
i
m
p
ac
tf
u
l
w
o
r
k
as
in
d
icate
d
b
y
th
eir
r
ec
en
t
p
ap
e
r
s
[
4
4
]
,
[
4
5
]
.
T
h
is
citatio
n
an
a
l
y
s
is
s
u
g
g
est
s
a
s
tr
o
n
g
e
m
p
h
a
s
i
s
o
n
in
ter
d
is
c
ip
lin
ar
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
w
i
th
a
n
o
tab
le
o
v
er
lap
b
et
w
ee
n
co
m
p
u
ter
s
ci
en
ce
an
d
o
th
er
d
o
m
ai
n
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
an
d
s
o
cial
s
c
ien
ce
s
.
T
ab
le
3
.
R
esear
ch
s
u
b
j
ec
t a
r
ea
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
a
r
e
a
T
o
t
a
l
p
a
p
e
r
s
(
2
0
1
0
-
2
0
2
3
)
T
o
t
a
l
p
a
p
e
r
s
(
2
0
2
2
-
2
0
2
3
)
M
o
st
c
i
t
e
d
p
a
p
e
r
s (2
0
2
2
-
2
0
2
3
)
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r
sc
i
e
n
c
e
3
6
3
1
1
6
V
e
n
u
g
o
p
a
l
a
n
a
n
d
G
u
p
t
a
[
3
5
]
;
L
e
e
[
3
1
]
;
P
u
r
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
6
]
;
A
l
sa
y
a
t
[
4
7
]
B
u
s
i
n
e
ss,
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
a
n
d
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
i
n
g
1
8
9
96
M
a
r
i
a
n
i
a
n
d
B
a
g
g
i
o
[
2
0
]
;
V
e
n
u
g
o
p
a
l
a
n
a
n
d
G
u
p
t
a
[
3
5
]
;
L
e
e
[
3
1
]
;
N
i
l
a
sh
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
8
]
S
o
c
i
a
l
sc
i
e
n
c
e
s
1
6
2
82
Z
i
b
a
r
z
a
n
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
9
]
;
N
u
n
k
o
o
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
9
]
;
M
e
h
t
a
e
t
a
l
.
[
5
0
]
;
P
u
r
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
6
]
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
1
3
2
49
M
i
s
h
r
a
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
4
]
;
A
f
a
q
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
5
]
;
V
a
i
s
h
e
t
a
l
.
[
5
1
]
;
L
u
o
e
t
a
l
.
[
5
2
]
D
e
c
i
si
o
n
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
86
37
V
e
n
u
g
o
p
a
l
a
n
a
n
d
G
u
p
t
a
[
3
5
]
;
L
e
e
[
3
1
]
M
i
s
h
r
a
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
4
]
;
A
f
a
q
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
5
]
;
3.
3
.
K
ey
w
o
rd
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
an
al
y
s
i
s
r
ev
ea
led
s
e
v
er
al
r
ec
u
r
r
in
g
t
h
e
m
e
s
an
d
to
p
ics
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
p
r
esen
ts
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
n
et
w
o
r
k
v
i
s
u
al
izatio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
VOSv
ie
w
er
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
i
n
th
e
to
u
r
is
m
d
o
m
ai
n
ca
n
b
e
an
al
y
ze
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
clu
s
ter
s
an
d
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
.
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
d
es
r
ef
lects
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
ea
c
h
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
,
w
h
ile
th
e
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
ed
g
e
s
in
d
icate
s
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
th
eir
as
s
o
ciati
o
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
VOSv
ie
w
er
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
n
et
w
o
r
k
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
clu
s
ter
s
id
en
ti
f
i
ed
in
t
h
e
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
C
lu
s
ter
1
(
r
ed
)
e
m
p
h
a
s
izes
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
o
cial
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
in
s
m
ar
t
to
u
r
is
m
a
n
d
d
esti
n
atio
n
i
m
a
g
e
an
a
l
y
s
is
.
T
o
p
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
in
th
i
s
cl
u
s
ter
ar
e
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia,
to
u
r
is
m
,
o
n
li
n
e
r
ev
ie
w
s
,
u
s
er
-
ge
n
er
ated
co
n
ten
t,
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
A
ir
b
n
b
,
T
r
ip
A
d
v
i
s
o
r
,
to
u
r
is
t
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
cu
s
to
m
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
alit
y
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
t
h
r
ee
clu
s
ter
s
ar
e
clo
s
el
y
r
elate
d
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
,
m
ai
n
l
y
co
v
er
in
g
t
h
e
m
e
th
o
d
s
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
t
h
e
s
m
ar
t to
u
r
i
s
m
d
o
m
ain
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
t
h
e
m
e
o
f
C
lu
s
ter
2
(
g
r
ee
n
)
is
ab
o
u
t
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
an
d
A
r
ti
f
i
cial
I
n
telli
g
en
ce
(
A
I
)
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
to
u
r
is
m
,
w
i
th
to
p
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
s
u
ch
a
s
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
,
late
n
t
Dir
ich
let
allo
ca
tio
n
,
d
ata
m
in
i
n
g
,
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
a
n
d
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
Dir
ich
le
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
clu
s
ter
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
A
I
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
L
D
A
,
a
n
d
th
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
to
u
r
is
m
co
n
te
x
t.
C
lu
s
ter
3
(
b
lu
e)
is
m
ain
l
y
ab
o
u
t
s
en
ti
m
e
n
t
an
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
tex
t
m
i
n
in
g
.
W
ith
th
e
to
p
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
o
f
s
e
n
ti
m
en
t
an
al
y
s
is
,
NL
P
,
o
p
in
io
n
m
i
n
in
g
,
an
d
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
,
t
h
is
cl
u
s
ter
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
th
e
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
o
f
tex
t
m
i
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
NL
P
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
ev
alu
a
tin
g
to
u
r
i
s
t
o
p
in
io
n
s
.
L
astl
y
,
C
lu
s
ter
4
(
y
ello
w
)
r
ep
r
esen
ti
n
g
th
e
t
h
e
m
e
o
f
s
tati
s
ti
ca
l
an
d
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
an
a
l
y
ze
s
e
m
a
n
t
ics
o
f
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
tex
t
u
al
d
ata
.
T
o
p
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
c
lu
s
ter
ar
e
s
e
m
an
t
ics,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
To
p
ic
mo
d
elin
g
i
n
to
u
r
is
m
r
es
ea
r
ch
:
a
b
i
b
lio
metric stu
d
y
(
V
a
len
tin
u
s
R
o
b
y
Ha
n
a
n
to
)
491
laten
t
s
e
m
a
n
tic
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
tex
t
m
i
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
cu
s
to
m
er
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
.
C
e
n
tr
al
ter
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
”to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
,
”
”late
n
t
Dir
ich
let
allo
ca
tio
n
,
”
”sen
ti
m
e
n
t
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
”
an
d
”te
x
t
m
i
n
i
n
g
”
s
er
v
e
as
b
r
id
g
es
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
,
in
d
icati
n
g
t
h
eir
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
i
n
th
e
to
u
r
i
s
m
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
f
ield
.
Me
an
w
h
i
le,
th
e
p
r
es
en
ce
o
f
ter
m
s
lik
e
”COVI
D
-
1
9
,
”
”o
n
lin
e
r
ev
ie
w
s
,
”
a
n
d
”a
r
tif
icial
i
n
tell
ig
en
ce
”
s
u
g
g
est
s
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
i
n
t
er
est
in
ad
ap
tin
g
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
to
cu
r
r
en
t
e
v
e
n
ts
a
n
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
c
e
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
e
m
p
h
asi
s
o
n
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
s
en
ti
m
e
n
t a
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
an
d
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
r
e
f
lects
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
o
u
r
is
m
s
er
v
ices a
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
co
n
s
u
m
er
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
3.
4
.
T
he
m
a
t
ic
ev
o
lutio
n
T
h
e
th
e
m
at
ic
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
o
f
t
o
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
in
to
u
r
is
m
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
w
as
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
u
s
in
g
SciM
A
T
,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
h
o
w
r
esear
c
h
th
e
m
e
s
h
a
v
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
d
s
h
i
f
ted
o
v
er
th
e
2
0
1
0
-
2
0
2
3
p
er
io
d
.
3
.
4
.
1
.
E
a
rly
perio
d (
2
0
1
0
-
2
0
1
4
)
T
h
e
ea
r
ly
p
er
io
d
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
i
n
to
u
r
is
m
w
as
ch
ar
ac
t
er
ized
b
y
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
s
t
u
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
L
D
A
to
d
ataset
s
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
f
r
o
m
UG
C
,
as
r
esear
ch
er
s
b
eg
a
n
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
f
o
r
an
al
y
zi
n
g
to
u
r
is
m
r
ev
ie
w
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
d
iag
r
a
m
,
a
t
w
o
-
di
m
en
s
io
n
a
l
g
r
ap
h
t
h
at
p
lo
ts
clu
s
ter
s
o
r
th
e
m
e
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
ce
n
tr
ali
t
y
a
n
d
d
en
s
it
y
,
a
n
d
clu
s
ter
s
’
n
e
t
wo
r
k
th
at
v
i
s
u
al
izes
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
m
e
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
s
tr
at
eg
ic
d
iag
r
a
m
f
o
r
th
e
ea
r
l
y
p
e
r
io
d
(
2
0
1
0
–
2
0
1
4
)
,
p
lo
ttin
g
th
e
m
es
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
ce
n
tr
alit
y
a
n
d
d
en
s
it
y
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
c
lu
s
ter
'
s
n
et
wo
r
k
,
v
is
u
alizi
n
g
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
id
en
t
if
ied
t
h
e
m
e
s
.
T
h
e
th
e
m
e
laten
t
-
D
ir
ich
let
-
al
lo
ca
tio
n
s
is
in
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
r
ig
h
t
q
u
ad
r
an
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
d
ia
g
r
a
m
(
h
i
g
h
ce
n
tr
al
it
y
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
d
en
s
it
y
)
,
w
h
ic
h
is
i
n
ter
p
r
eted
as
a
co
r
e
th
e
m
e
d
r
iv
i
n
g
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
ie
ld
.
I
n
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
’
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
n
o
tab
le
clu
s
ter
s
th
at
h
a
v
e
a
h
ig
h
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
of
th
e
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
i
n
th
i
s
p
er
io
d
ar
e
laten
t
-
Dir
ic
h
let
-
allo
ca
tio
n
s
(
1
6
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
)
,
to
p
ic
-
m
o
d
el
(
1
2
)
,
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
er
-
s
y
s
te
m
(
8
)
,
an
d
h
ier
ar
ch
ica
l
-
D
ir
ich
let
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
(
6
)
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Stra
teg
ic
d
iag
r
a
m
an
d
clu
s
ter
'
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
f
ea
r
l
y
p
er
io
d
(
2
0
1
0
–
2
0
1
4
)
;
(
a)
th
e
m
e
ce
n
tr
alit
y
an
d
d
en
s
it
y
an
d
(
b
)
in
ter
-
th
e
m
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
3
.
4
.
2
.
P
ro
g
re
s
s
iv
e
perio
d
(
2
0
1
5
-
2
0
1
9
)
T
h
is
p
er
io
d
s
aw
t
h
e
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
w
it
h
an
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
f
o
cu
s
o
n
s
m
ar
t
to
u
r
is
m
a
n
d
b
ig
d
ata.
T
h
e
m
ati
c
clu
s
ter
s
r
elate
d
to
s
m
ar
t to
u
r
is
m
s
u
ch
as
”o
n
li
n
e
r
e
v
ie
w
”
a
n
d
”h
o
tel”
e
m
er
g
ed
as
k
e
y
ar
ea
s
o
f
in
ter
est,
r
ef
lec
tin
g
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
t
h
e
d
o
m
ai
n
.
R
esear
ch
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
i
s
p
er
io
d
also
b
eg
an
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
t
h
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
to
lar
g
er
d
atasets
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
le
x
r
esear
c
h
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
tr
ate
g
ic
d
iag
r
a
m
a
n
d
clu
s
ter
'
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
F
ig
u
r
e
4
)
,
“
late
n
t
-
Dir
ich
let
-
allo
ca
tio
n
S”
is
s
t
ill
th
e
w
ell
-
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
th
e
m
e
w
ith
s
tr
o
n
g
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
o
th
er
clu
s
te
r
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
ar
e
a
litt
le
b
it
s
h
if
ted
,
w
i
th
t
h
e
e
m
e
r
g
in
g
o
f
“
o
n
l
in
e
-
r
ev
ie
w
”
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
n
o
tab
le
t
h
e
m
es.
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
a)
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
d
iag
r
a
m
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
e
p
er
io
d
(
2
0
1
5
–
2
0
1
9
)
,
illu
s
tr
ati
n
g
t
h
i
s
s
h
i
f
t
in
th
e
m
e
p
r
o
m
i
n
e
n
ce
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
'
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
th
i
s
p
er
io
d
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
ti
n
g
th
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
r
o
le
o
f
u
s
er
-
g
e
n
e
r
ated
co
n
ten
t.
T
h
is
m
ar
k
th
e
r
is
i
n
g
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
o
f
u
s
er
-
g
e
n
er
ated
co
n
ten
t
th
at
was
u
tili
ze
d
m
o
r
e
in
th
is
p
er
io
d
.
I
n
th
is
p
er
io
d
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
d
u
cti
v
e
th
e
m
e
s
ar
e
l
aten
t
-
Dir
ic
h
let
-
allo
ca
tio
n
s
(
5
4
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
)
,
to
p
ic
-
m
o
d
el
(
2
4
)
,
o
n
lin
e
-
r
ev
ie
w
(
2
1
)
,
h
o
tel
(
1
4
)
,
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
er
-
s
y
s
te
m
(
1
4
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
42
,
No
.
2
,
May
20
26
:
4
8
5
-
497
492
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Stra
teg
ic
d
iag
r
a
m
an
d
clu
s
ter
'
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
e
p
er
io
d
(
2
0
1
5
–
2
0
1
9
)
;
(
a
)
th
e
m
e
ce
n
tr
ali
t
y
a
n
d
d
en
s
it
y
an
d
(
b
)
in
ter
-
t
h
e
m
e
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
s
3
.
4
.
3
.
M
a
t
ure
perio
d (
2
0
2
0
-
2
0
2
3
)
T
h
is
r
ec
en
t
p
er
io
d
h
as
b
ee
n
in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic,
w
h
ic
h
ac
ce
ler
ated
t
h
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
in
to
u
r
is
m
p
r
ac
tices.
T
h
is
p
er
io
d
also
w
it
n
e
s
s
ed
a
s
u
r
g
e
i
n
i
n
ter
d
i
s
cip
lin
ar
y
r
esear
ch
,
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
w
ith
o
th
er
an
al
y
tical
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
ad
d
r
ess
em
er
g
in
g
ch
al
l
en
g
e
s
.
”L
A
T
E
NT
-
DI
R
I
C
H
L
E
T
-
AL
L
OC
A
T
I
ON
S”
s
till
h
as
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
ce
n
tr
alit
y
,
b
u
t
n
o
t
th
e
h
ig
h
est
d
e
n
s
it
y
an
y
m
o
r
e
(
s
ee
Fig
u
r
e
5
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
p
r
ese
n
ts
t
h
e
s
tr
ate
g
ic
d
iag
r
a
m
f
o
r
th
e
m
at
u
r
e
p
er
io
d
(
2
0
2
0
–
2
0
2
3
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
t
h
e
r
ed
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
ce
n
tr
alit
y
a
n
d
d
en
s
it
y
w
it
h
s
e
v
er
al
clu
s
ter
s
ap
p
ea
r
in
g
in
t
h
e
to
p
-
r
ig
h
t
q
u
ad
r
an
t.
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
's
n
et
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
th
is
p
er
io
d
,
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
g
r
o
w
th
an
d
th
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
f
ad
v
an
ce
d
NL
P
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
c
h
as
atten
tio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
an
d
w
o
r
d
em
b
ed
d
in
g
s
.
Sev
er
al
clu
s
ter
s
ap
p
ea
r
in
th
e
to
p
-
r
ig
h
t
q
u
ad
r
an
t
(
“
atte
n
tio
n
-
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
”,
“
co
n
s
u
m
er
-
s
a
tis
f
ac
tio
n
s
”,
an
d
“w
o
r
d
-
e
m
b
ed
d
i
n
g
s
”)
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g
ar
ea
to
e
x
p
lo
r
e
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
th
e
lar
g
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
m
o
d
el
.
Me
a
n
w
h
ile,
s
o
m
e
clu
s
ter
s
ar
e
i
n
t
h
e
lo
w
er
-
lef
t
q
u
ad
r
an
t
(
e.
g
.
“
s
e
n
ti
m
e
n
t
s
co
r
e”
)
s
u
g
g
e
s
ti
n
g
t
h
e
m
at
u
r
it
y
o
f
th
e
s
e
t
h
e
m
es.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
d
u
cti
v
e
th
e
m
es
in
t
h
is
p
er
io
d
ar
e
late
n
t
-
Dir
ich
let
-
allo
ca
tio
n
s
(
9
4
)
,
o
n
lin
e
-
r
ev
ie
w
(
7
3
)
,
h
o
tel
(
2
9
)
,
to
u
r
is
t
-
d
est
in
atio
n
s
(
2
3
)
,
an
d
u
s
er
-
g
e
n
er
ated
-
co
n
te
n
ts
(
1
9
)
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Stra
teg
ic
d
iag
r
a
m
an
d
clu
s
ter
'
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
f
m
at
u
r
e
p
er
io
d
(
2
0
2
0
–
2
0
2
3
)
;
(
a)
th
em
e
ce
n
tr
alit
y
an
d
d
en
s
it
y
an
d
(
b
)
in
ter
-
th
e
m
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
To
p
ic
mo
d
elin
g
i
n
to
u
r
is
m
r
es
ea
r
ch
:
a
b
i
b
lio
metric stu
d
y
(
V
a
len
tin
u
s
R
o
b
y
Ha
n
a
n
to
)
493
3.
5
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
in
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
ch
h
as
g
ain
ed
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
atten
tio
n
o
v
e
r
th
e
p
ast
d
ec
ad
e,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
l
y
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
atis
f
ac
t
io
n
,
s
en
t
i
m
e
n
t
a
n
al
y
s
is
,
a
n
d
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
i
n
telli
g
e
n
ce
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
r
ev
ie
w
s
y
n
th
e
s
izes
k
e
y
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
to
p
-
1
0
cited
s
t
u
d
ies
p
u
b
li
s
h
ed
b
et
wee
n
2
0
1
0
an
d
2
0
2
3
(
s
ee
T
ab
le
2
)
,
w
h
ich
h
av
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es to
an
al
y
ze
to
u
r
is
m
-
r
e
lated
tex
tu
a
l d
ata.
3
.
5
.
1
.
T
o
uris
t
s
a
t
is
f
a
ct
io
n a
nd
s
ent
i
m
e
nt
a
na
ly
s
is
A
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Gu
o
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
ap
p
lies
L
D
A
to
an
al
y
ze
to
u
r
is
t
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
o
n
li
n
e
r
atin
g
s
a
n
d
r
ev
ie
w
s
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
i
n
id
en
t
if
y
i
n
g
k
e
y
th
e
m
es
i
n
f
l
u
en
ci
n
g
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
d
is
s
atis
f
ac
t
io
n
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
v
a
lu
ab
le
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
to
u
r
is
m
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
Xu
an
d
L
i
[
2
3
]
in
v
esti
g
ate
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
a
n
d
d
is
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
a
n
tece
d
en
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
h
o
tel
t
y
p
es
u
s
i
n
g
a
te
x
t
m
i
n
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
cr
itical
s
er
v
ice
at
tr
ib
u
tes
t
h
at
i
m
p
ac
t
co
n
s
u
m
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
An
o
th
er
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
t
s
tu
d
y
b
y
C
a
lh
eir
o
s
et
a
l
.
[
2
6
]
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
t
h
e
s
e
n
ti
m
e
n
t
cl
ass
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
o
n
l
in
e
r
e
v
ie
w
s
,
in
teg
r
at
in
g
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
to
e
x
tr
ac
t
in
s
i
g
h
t
s
f
r
o
m
u
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
tex
t
d
ata.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
h
a
n
ce
s
th
e
ab
il
it
y
to
ca
teg
o
r
ize
s
en
ti
m
e
n
ts
,
aid
in
g
b
u
s
i
n
ess
e
s
in
tailo
r
in
g
th
eir
s
er
v
i
ce
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
a
s
tu
d
y
b
y
J
ia
[
2
9
]
ex
p
lo
r
es
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
lt
u
r
al
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
to
u
r
is
t
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
an
d
s
a
tis
f
ac
tio
n
,
u
s
in
g
te
x
t
m
i
n
in
g
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
r
esta
u
r
an
t e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
C
h
i
n
e
s
e
an
d
US to
u
r
i
s
ts
.
3
.
5
.
2
.
T
o
uris
m
bu
s
ine
s
s
i
nte
l
lig
ence
a
nd
co
ns
u
m
er
perc
e
ptio
n
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
in
te
lli
g
en
ce
in
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
ch
is
h
i
g
h
l
ig
h
ted
b
y
Me
h
ta
et
a
l.
[
5
0
]
,
w
h
er
e
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
i
s
u
tili
ze
d
to
a
n
al
y
z
e
o
n
li
n
e
c
u
s
to
m
er
tex
tu
al
r
ev
i
e
w
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
id
e
n
ti
f
ies
co
n
s
u
m
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
an
d
in
f
l
u
e
n
tial
f
ac
to
r
s
a
f
f
ec
ti
n
g
p
u
r
ch
a
s
i
n
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
e
m
p
h
asize
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
le
v
er
ag
i
n
g
b
ig
d
ata
an
al
y
tics
i
n
s
tr
ate
g
ic
b
u
s
i
n
ess
d
ec
i
s
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
.
A
r
elate
d
s
t
u
d
y
b
y
B
i
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
em
p
lo
y
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
(
I
P
A
)
o
n
o
n
l
in
e
r
e
v
ie
w
s
to
ass
es
s
to
u
r
is
t
att
r
ac
tio
n
s
,
il
lu
s
tr
ati
n
g
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
w
is
d
o
m
o
f
cr
o
w
d
s
i
n
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
s
er
v
ice
o
f
f
er
in
g
s
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
T
ae
ch
ar
u
n
g
r
o
j
an
d
Ma
th
a
y
o
m
c
h
an
[
2
4
]
ap
p
lies
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
to
a
n
al
y
ze
T
r
ip
A
d
v
i
s
o
r
r
ev
ie
w
s
o
f
to
u
r
is
t
a
ttra
ctio
n
s
i
n
P
h
u
k
et,
T
h
ailan
d
,
u
n
co
v
er
i
n
g
p
atter
n
s
th
a
t in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
v
i
s
ito
r
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
.
3
.
5
.
3
.
Su
s
t
a
ina
ble t
o
uris
m
W
ith
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
co
n
ce
r
n
s
o
v
er
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
in
to
u
r
is
m
,
D
’
Am
ato
et
a
l.
[
2
2
]
p
r
esen
t
a
c
o
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
g
r
ee
n
,
cir
c
u
lar
,
an
d
b
io
ec
o
n
o
m
ies,
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ati
n
g
h
o
w
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
ca
n
u
n
co
v
er
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
av
en
u
es
i
n
to
u
r
is
m
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
d
is
co
u
r
s
e
o
n
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
le
to
u
r
is
m
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
B
r
an
d
t
et
a
l.
[
2
8
]
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
o
cial
m
e
d
ia
an
al
y
tics
i
n
u
r
b
an
s
m
ar
t
to
u
r
is
m
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
u
tili
zi
n
g
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
v
alu
e
cr
ea
tio
n
i
n
d
ig
ital
to
u
r
is
m
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
is
r
esear
c
h
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es t
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
a
tiv
e
i
m
p
ac
t o
f
d
ig
i
tal
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
in
s
h
ap
i
n
g
s
m
ar
t to
u
r
is
m
p
r
ac
tices.
3
.
5
.
4
.
Adv
a
nced
m
et
ho
do
lo
g
ies in t
o
pic
m
o
deli
ng
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ie
s
h
av
e
e
x
p
lo
r
ed
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
s
in
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
f
o
r
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
ch
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
Gar
cia
-
P
ab
lo
s
et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
W
2
VL
DA
,
an
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
asp
ec
t
-
b
ased
s
en
ti
m
e
n
t
an
a
l
y
s
is
,
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
in
ter
p
r
etab
ili
t
y
o
f
s
e
n
ti
m
en
t
class
i
f
icat
io
n
i
n
to
u
r
is
m
r
ev
ie
w
s
.
L
i
k
e
w
is
e,
o
t
h
er
s
t
u
d
ies
h
a
v
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
r
ef
i
n
e
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
i
n
g
to
th
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
s
o
p
h
is
ticat
io
n
o
f
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es in
to
u
r
is
m
an
a
l
y
tics
[
3
5
]
.
C
itatio
n
an
d
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
an
al
y
s
es
id
en
ti
f
y
s
e
v
er
al
in
f
l
u
e
n
tial
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
e
m
er
g
i
n
g
tr
en
d
s
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
f
ield
.
Hig
h
l
y
cited
s
t
u
d
ies
h
av
e
laid
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
i
n
to
u
r
i
s
m
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
UG
C
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
T
h
ese
w
o
r
k
s
h
a
v
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
at
ed
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
ti
n
g
to
its
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
s
etti
n
g
s
.
As
to
u
r
is
m
b
ec
o
m
e
s
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
l
y
i
n
ter
t
w
i
n
ed
w
i
th
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
ab
i
lit
y
to
a
n
al
y
ze
d
ig
ital
d
ata
th
r
o
u
g
h
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
es
s
en
tia
l.
T
h
is
tr
en
d
is
p
ar
tic
u
lar
l
y
ev
id
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
r
is
e
o
f
s
t
u
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
s
m
ar
t
to
u
r
i
s
m
,
wh
er
e
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
is
u
s
ed
t
o
an
al
y
ze
b
ig
d
ata,
o
p
tim
ize
to
u
r
is
m
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
s
u
s
ta
in
ab
ili
t
y
o
f
to
u
r
i
s
m
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
A
n
o
t
h
er
e
m
er
g
in
g
tr
e
n
d
is
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
t
o
ass
es
s
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
ts
o
f
g
lo
b
al
cr
is
es
o
n
to
u
r
i
s
m
.
T
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic,
i
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
h
as
s
p
u
r
r
ed
a
w
av
e
o
f
r
esear
ch
ai
m
ed
at
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
h
o
w
t
h
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
h
as
b
ee
n
af
f
ec
ted
an
d
h
o
w
it c
a
n
r
ec
o
v
er
.
T
o
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
h
as b
ee
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
an
al
y
ze
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
to
u
r
i
s
t b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
s
en
t
i
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
an
d
a
f
ter
t
h
e
p
an
d
e
m
ic,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
v
al
u
a
b
le
in
s
i
g
h
ts
f
o
r
cr
is
is
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
an
d
r
ec
o
v
er
y
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
.
Desp
ite
its
g
r
o
w
in
g
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
i
n
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
ch
is
n
o
t
w
it
h
o
u
t
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
.
O
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
li
m
itatio
n
s
i
s
t
h
e
q
u
a
lit
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
ata
u
s
ed
.
T
o
p
ic
m
o
d
el
in
g
r
elies
o
n
lar
g
e
d
atasets
,
o
f
ten
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
UGC,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
n
o
is
y
an
d
u
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
.
T
h
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
b
ias
an
d
m
is
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
f
t
h
e
d
ata
is
n
o
t
p
r
o
p
er
ly
clea
n
ed
o
r
i
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
n
o
t
ca
r
ef
u
ll
y
s
elec
ted
.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
,
p
ar
tic
u
l
ar
l
y
m
eth
o
d
s
l
ik
e
L
D
A
,
ca
n
s
o
m
e
ti
m
es
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
m
b
ig
u
o
u
s
o
r
in
co
h
er
e
n
t
to
p
ics
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
ex
p
er
t
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
.
T
h
is
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
elem
en
t
ca
n
a
f
f
ec
t
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
42
,
No
.
2
,
May
20
26
:
4
8
5
-
497
494
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
ilit
y
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
it
d
i
f
f
icu
l
t
to
d
r
a
w
d
ef
i
n
iti
v
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
.
An
o
th
er
ch
alle
n
g
e
i
s
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
w
it
h
o
th
e
r
an
al
y
tica
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
.
W
h
il
e
in
ter
d
is
cip
li
n
ar
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ar
e
o
n
t
h
e
r
is
e,
t
h
e
r
e
is
s
till
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
t
h
at
co
m
b
in
e
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
w
i
th
m
et
h
o
d
s
s
u
c
h
as
s
en
t
i
m
e
n
t
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
n
et
w
o
r
k
an
al
y
s
is
,
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
.
S
u
c
h
in
te
g
r
atio
n
s
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
th
e
d
ep
th
a
n
d
b
r
ea
d
th
o
f
in
s
ig
h
t
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
ata
b
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
tec
h
n
ical
ex
p
er
ti
s
e
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
a
n
d
th
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
,
s
e
v
er
al
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
ar
e
as
f
o
ll
o
w
s
:
i)
en
h
a
n
ce
d
d
ata
q
u
ali
t
y
a
n
d
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
:
f
u
tu
r
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
d
ata
q
u
alit
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
b
etter
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
tex
t c
lean
i
n
g
,
n
o
r
m
aliza
tio
n
,
a
n
d
n
o
is
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
is
w
i
ll
h
elp
m
in
i
m
ize
b
ia
s
es
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
;
ii)
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
n
e
w
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
:
th
er
e
is
p
o
ten
tia
l
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
n
e
w
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
t
h
at
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
li
m
ita
tio
n
s
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
m
b
i
g
u
o
u
s
to
p
ics.
Me
th
o
d
s
th
at
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ate
co
n
tex
t
u
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
r
s
e
m
an
tic
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
co
u
ld
l
ea
d
to
m
o
r
e
co
h
e
r
en
t
a
n
d
in
t
er
p
r
etab
le
to
p
ics;
iii)
in
te
g
r
atio
n
w
i
th
o
th
er
a
n
al
y
ti
ca
l
m
et
h
o
d
s
:
a
s
i
n
ter
d
is
cip
li
n
ar
y
r
esear
ch
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
p
r
ev
alen
t,
th
er
e
i
s
a
n
ee
d
to
d
ev
elo
p
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
th
at
s
ea
m
less
l
y
in
te
g
r
ate
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
w
it
h
o
t
h
er
an
al
y
tical
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
w
it
h
s
en
t
i
m
e
n
t
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
co
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
i
v
e
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
to
u
r
i
s
t
e
m
o
tio
n
s
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
;
iv
)
ap
p
licatio
n
to
em
er
g
in
g
i
s
s
u
es
in
to
u
r
is
m
:
t
h
e
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
m
a
k
es
it
a
s
u
itab
le
to
o
l
f
o
r
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
e
m
er
g
i
n
g
is
s
u
es
i
n
t
o
u
r
is
m
,
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
c
li
m
ate
ch
a
n
g
e,
t
h
e
r
is
e
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
to
u
r
is
m
,
a
n
d
th
e
ev
o
lu
t
io
n
o
f
to
u
r
is
t
b
eh
a
v
io
r
in
a
p
o
s
t
-
p
an
d
e
m
ic
w
o
r
ld
.
R
ese
ar
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
p
lo
r
e
h
o
w
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
ig
h
t
th
at
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
o
lic
y
to
ad
d
r
ess
em
er
g
in
g
i
s
s
u
es.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
h
as
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
i
n
to
u
r
i
s
m
r
esear
ch
o
v
er
t
h
e
p
er
io
d
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
0
to
2
0
2
3
.
B
y
e
x
a
m
in
i
n
g
p
u
b
licatio
n
tr
en
d
s
,
cita
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
,
an
d
th
e
m
at
ic
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
g
ai
n
ed
v
alu
ab
l
e
in
s
i
g
h
t
s
in
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tate
o
f
th
is
r
ap
id
l
y
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
f
ield
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
i
n
to
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
c
h
h
as
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
tl
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
cu
s
to
m
er
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
i
n
telli
g
e
n
ce
,
an
d
to
u
r
is
m
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
co
llected
s
tu
d
ie
s
ill
u
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
ad
v
an
ce
d
to
p
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
ca
n
e
x
tr
ac
t
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
in
s
i
g
h
t
s
f
r
o
m
lar
g
e
-
sc
ale
te
x
t
u
al
d
ata,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
v
al
u
ab
le
i
m
p
lica
tio
n
s
f
o
r
ac
ad
em
ic
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
.
T
h
er
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
n
o
tab
le
g
r
o
w
t
h
in
th
e
f
ie
ld
s
in
ce
2
0
1
9
,
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
ti
n
g
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
e
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
in
to
u
r
is
m
r
esear
ch
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
ea
r
lier
ef
f
o
r
ts
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
o
n
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
i
m
a
g
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
h
as
e
x
p
an
d
ed
to
in
clu
d
e
a
d
iv
er
s
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
,
s
u
c
h
as
to
u
r
is
t
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
s
m
ar
t
to
u
r
is
m
,
an
d
cr
is
is
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
So
m
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
cited
p
ap
er
s
h
av
e
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
ly
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
th
e
f
ield
,
estab
lis
h
i
n
g
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
a
l
in
s
i
g
h
ts
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
.
T
h
ese
p
io
n
ee
r
in
g
s
tu
d
ie
s
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
ca
s
ed
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
b
en
ef
i
ts
o
f
to
p
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
e
x
a
m
i
n
in
g
UG
C
,
an
d
h
a
v
e
i
n
s
p
ir
e
d
co
n
tin
u
ed
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
a
n
d
in
q
u
ir
y
.
F
UNDIN
G
I
NF
O
RM
AT
I
O
N
Au
t
h
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RIB
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
T
h
is
j
o
u
r
n
al
u
s
e
s
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT
)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
t
h
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
lla
b
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Vale
n
ti
n
u
s
R
o
b
y
Han
a
n
to
Viv
i
n
e
N
u
r
ca
h
y
a
w
ati
T
u
tu
t W
u
r
ij
an
to
T
itik
L
u
s
ia
n
i
Ma
te
Ko
v
ac
s
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
st
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
si
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.