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132
Par
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o
als,
ac
h
iev
em
en
ts
,
s
tr
ateg
ies,
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
tr
ajec
to
r
ies with
in
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
-
r
ich
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
,
[
4
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
r
ap
id
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
o
f
life
lo
n
g
,
elec
tr
o
n
ic
,
an
d
m
ass
lear
n
in
g
b
r
in
g
s
with
it
a
c
r
itical
s
y
s
tem
ic
ch
allen
g
e:
th
e
u
n
p
r
ec
ed
en
ted
g
r
o
wth
o
f
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
f
r
au
d
an
d
cr
e
d
en
tial
f
alsi
f
icatio
n
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
v
er
if
icatio
n
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
—
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
class
ical,
in
-
p
er
s
o
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
—
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
u
n
ab
le
to
r
esp
o
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
to
th
e
s
ca
le,
v
a
r
iety
,
an
d
s
o
p
h
is
ticatio
n
o
f
f
r
au
d
u
len
t
p
r
ac
tices.
E
d
u
c
atio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
f
ac
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
in
co
n
f
i
r
m
in
g
th
e
id
en
tity
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
-
lear
n
in
g
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
c
o
m
p
letin
g
co
u
r
s
ewo
r
k
is
in
d
ee
d
th
e
o
n
e
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
th
e
ce
r
tific
at
e.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
ev
id
e
n
ce
f
r
o
m
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
i
o
n
s
in
d
icate
s
an
a
lar
m
in
g
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
f
o
r
g
ed
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
:
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
th
e
UK
d
eg
r
ee
v
er
if
icatio
n
s
er
v
ice
(
HDD)
war
n
e
d
g
r
ad
u
a
tes
n
o
t
to
p
o
s
t
d
ip
lo
m
a
im
ag
e
s
o
n
lin
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
f
u
el
in
g
a
m
u
ltimillio
n
-
d
o
lla
r
b
lack
m
a
r
k
et
f
o
r
f
alsi
f
i
ed
cr
ed
en
tials
[
5
]
.
R
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
th
at
u
p
to
9
0
%
o
f
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
letter
s
s
u
b
m
itted
b
y
s
o
m
e
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
ap
p
lican
ts
to
US
u
n
iv
er
s
itie
s
m
ay
b
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
,
7
0
%
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
ess
ay
s
ar
e
wr
itten
b
y
t
h
ir
d
p
ar
ties
,
an
d
5
0
%
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
tr
a
n
s
cr
ip
ts
co
n
tain
f
alsi
f
icatio
n
s
[
6
]
.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
g
lo
b
al
m
o
b
ilit
y
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
r
eq
u
ir
es
cr
o
s
s
-
b
o
r
d
er
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
cr
ed
en
tials
,
m
ak
in
g
v
er
if
ica
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ev
en
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
lex
.
I
n
m
an
y
c
ases
,
in
ter
m
ed
iar
y
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
m
u
s
t
ass
ess
au
th
en
ticity
an
d
d
eter
m
i
n
e
eq
u
iv
alen
cy
with
n
atio
n
al
tr
ai
n
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
f
u
r
t
h
er
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
b
u
r
d
e
n
o
n
v
er
if
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es,
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
an
d
n
atio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
h
av
e
in
ten
s
if
ied
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
d
etec
t
an
d
p
r
ev
en
t
d
o
cu
m
en
t
f
alsi
f
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
F
R
AUDO
C
p
r
o
ject
h
as
d
ev
elo
p
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
g
u
id
elin
es
f
o
r
id
en
tify
i
n
g
f
o
r
g
ed
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
ec
o
r
d
s
.
T
h
e
R
u
s
s
ian
Fed
er
atio
n
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
f
e
d
er
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t Res
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
2
6
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
3
,
m
o
d
er
n
izin
g
t
h
e
n
atio
n
al
r
e
g
is
ter
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
th
e
“
co
n
tin
g
en
t
”
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
ich
ac
cu
m
u
lates
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ip
lo
m
as
an
d
ce
r
tific
ates
is
s
u
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
[
7
]
.
I
n
E
cu
a
d
o
r
,
th
e
Secr
etar
ía
Nac
io
n
al
d
e
E
d
u
ca
ció
n
Su
p
er
io
r
,
C
ien
cia,
T
ec
n
o
lo
g
ía
e
I
n
n
o
v
ac
ió
n
(
SEN
E
SC
YT
)
m
ain
tain
s
an
o
f
f
icial
r
eg
is
tr
y
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
s
to
r
in
g
,
v
er
if
y
in
g
,
an
d
ce
r
tify
in
g
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
r
ec
o
r
d
s
[
8
]
.
T
h
ese
in
itiativ
es
r
ef
lect
a
g
lo
b
al
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
m
en
t
th
at
th
e
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
cr
ed
e
n
tials
is
a
m
atter
o
f
s
o
cieta
l im
p
o
r
tan
ce
.
Am
id
th
ese
ef
f
o
r
ts
,
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
[
9
]
h
av
e
b
ee
n
wid
ely
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
as
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
e
,
tam
p
er
-
r
esis
tan
t,
a
n
d
d
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
[
10
]
.
T
h
eir
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
n
atu
r
e,
im
m
u
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
c
r
y
p
to
g
r
a
p
h
ic
g
u
ar
an
tees
th
eo
r
e
tically
m
ak
e
th
em
well
-
s
u
ited
f
o
r
c
o
m
b
atin
g
f
alsi
f
icatio
n
[
1
1
]
.
Yet
p
r
ac
tic
al
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
h
av
e
r
ev
e
aled
n
o
tab
le
s
h
o
r
tco
m
in
g
s
.
E
x
is
tin
g
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
-
b
ased
v
er
if
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
[
1
2
]
o
f
ten
r
em
ain
o
v
er
ly
tech
n
o
cr
atic
an
d
in
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
t
to
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
em
p
lo
y
er
s
,
an
d
r
e
g
u
lato
r
y
b
o
d
ies.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
ey
m
a
y
allo
w
cir
cu
m
v
e
n
tio
n
wh
e
n
f
o
r
m
al
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
ar
e
tech
n
ically
s
atis
f
ied
b
u
t
s
o
cially
d
u
b
io
u
s
—
f
o
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
wh
en
cr
ed
en
tials
o
r
ig
i
n
ate
f
r
o
m
lo
w
-
cr
ed
i
b
ilit
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
a
g
en
cies
o
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
liv
ed
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
cr
ea
ted
s
o
lely
to
leg
itimiz
e
q
u
esti
o
n
ab
le
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
n
ee
d
n
o
t
m
er
ely
f
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
b
u
t
f
o
r
a
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
h
u
m
an
izatio
n
o
f
v
er
if
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
I
n
th
e
f
ield
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
o
f
r
ep
u
ta
tio
n
p
l
ay
s
a
d
ec
is
iv
e
r
o
le.
T
h
e
c
r
e
d
ib
ilit
y
o
f
lear
n
er
s
,
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
is
s
u
in
g
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
,
a
n
d
in
ter
m
ed
i
ar
ies
s
h
ap
es
tr
u
s
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
an
d
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
v
alu
e
o
f
cr
e
d
en
tials
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
a
s
o
cially
o
r
ien
te
d
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
m
u
s
t
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
r
e
p
u
tatio
n
as
a
co
r
e
an
aly
tical
d
im
en
s
io
n
r
ath
er
th
an
tr
ea
tin
g
it
as
a
n
ex
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
.
R
ep
u
tatio
n
-
awa
r
e
v
er
if
icatio
n
ex
ten
d
s
b
ey
o
n
d
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
i
c
v
alid
ity
an
d
in
cl
u
d
es
s
o
cial
s
ig
n
als
,
h
is
to
r
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
tan
d
in
g
,
a
n
d
c
o
llectiv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
o
f
tr
u
s
two
r
th
i
n
ess
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
by
Hu
et
a
l.
[
1
3
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
th
e
k
ey
ele
m
en
t
o
f
wh
ic
h
is
a
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
r
ep
u
tatio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ag
en
ts
.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
at
ass
ig
n
s
a
r
ep
u
tatio
n
s
co
r
e
to
u
s
er
s
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
an
d
in
ter
ac
ti
o
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
co
r
e
is
a
k
ey
f
ac
to
r
in
th
e
in
ce
n
tiv
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
an
d
ca
n
b
e
co
m
b
i
n
e
d
with
p
r
o
o
f
-
of
-
s
tak
e
(
Po
S)
al
g
o
r
ith
m
to
f
o
r
m
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
r
ep
u
tatio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
a
weig
h
ted
s
u
m
o
f
v
ar
i
o
u
s
f
a
cto
r
s
,
with
th
e
s
u
m
th
en
n
o
r
m
alize
d
to
o
n
e.
T
h
e
weig
h
ts
o
f
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
a
r
e
s
et
s
u
b
jectiv
ely
b
ased
o
n
an
in
tu
i
tiv
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
eir
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
s
y
s
te
m
is
co
m
m
er
cial
in
n
atu
r
e
an
d
o
p
er
ates
o
n
th
e
b
as
is
o
f
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
p
ar
tic
ip
an
ts
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
r
ep
u
tatio
n
is
th
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
th
e
m
o
n
etar
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
wh
ich
is
n
o
t a
lway
s
ac
ce
p
tab
le
f
o
r
p
u
b
lic
ed
u
c
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ag
ain
s
t
th
is
b
ac
k
g
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o
u
n
d
,
th
i
s
ar
ticle
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
b
lo
ck
v
er
if
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
l
with
in
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
s
y
s
tem
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
r
e
p
u
tatio
n
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
m
ec
h
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is
m
s
in
to
t
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e
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icatio
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
o
m
p
u
t Sci
I
n
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2722
-
3
2
2
1
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
–
b
a
s
ed
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
p
r
o
to
co
l fo
r
ed
u
c
a
tio
n
a
l
b
lo
ck
ch
a
in
n
etw
o
r
ks (
I
g
o
r
I
v
a
n
o
v
)
133
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
d
o
es
n
o
t
co
n
tain
s
u
b
jectiv
e
n
u
m
e
r
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
r
p
ar
am
eter
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
m
o
n
etar
y
lev
el
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
wh
ich
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
es
it
f
r
o
m
it
s
co
u
n
ter
p
a
r
ts
.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
s
o
cial
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
with
tech
n
ical
v
er
if
icatio
n
r
u
les,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ai
m
s
to
cr
ea
te
a
m
o
r
e
h
u
m
an
-
c
en
ter
ed
,
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
t,
an
d
r
el
iab
le
m
o
d
el
ca
p
a
b
le
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
ch
allen
g
e
s
ass
o
ciate
d
w
ith
life
lo
n
g
,
elec
tr
o
n
ic,
an
d
m
ass
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
h
as
b
ee
n
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
in
th
e
E
d
u
B
L
OC
K
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
v
e
r
if
y
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
,
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
with
th
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
.
2.
DE
V
E
L
O
P
M
E
N
T
O
F
A
P
RO
T
O
T
YP
E
O
F
A
SE
CUR
E
B
L
O
CK
VA
L
I
D
AT
I
O
N
P
R
O
T
O
CO
L
I
N
A
SO
CIA
L
L
Y
O
R
I
E
N
T
E
D
(
H
UM
ANI
ST
I
C)
SYS
T
E
M
2
.
1
.
G
ener
a
l inf
o
rma
t
io
n
Fro
m
th
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
,
it
ca
n
b
e
d
e
d
u
ce
d
th
at
th
er
e
ex
is
ts
an
u
r
g
e
n
t
g
lo
b
al
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
tr
u
s
t
d
ef
icien
cy
an
d
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
r
eliab
le
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e.
W
e
p
o
s
it
th
at
s
u
ch
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
u
ld
m
an
if
est
as
a
m
u
ltifu
n
ctio
n
al
an
d
m
u
lti
-
tier
e
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
k
n
o
wn
as
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
led
g
er
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
led
g
er
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
r
e
p
r
es
en
ts
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
th
e
e
x
ch
an
g
e
a
n
d
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
p
o
s
s
ess
in
g
ce
r
tain
ir
r
ef
u
tab
le
ad
v
an
tag
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
o
wn
er
s
h
ip
o
f
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
co
p
y
o
f
t
h
e
led
g
er
,
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
,
an
d
im
m
e
d
iate
ac
ce
s
s
to
tr
an
s
ac
t
io
n
h
is
to
r
ies
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
ca
taly
s
t
f
o
r
th
e
h
eig
h
ten
ed
in
ter
est
in
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
th
e
an
ticip
atio
n
th
at
it
will
r
ec
tify
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
ass
o
ciate
d
with
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
o
f
s
to
r
in
g
,
ac
c
u
m
u
lat
in
g
,
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
led
g
er
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
em
p
l
o
y
s
b
lo
ck
c
h
ai
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
to
cir
cu
m
v
en
t t
h
ese
im
p
ed
im
en
ts
.
A
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
ca
n
b
e
c
h
ar
ac
t
er
ized
as
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
d
esig
n
ed
to
m
ain
tain
a
p
er
m
an
en
t
an
d
v
er
if
iab
le
r
ec
o
r
d
o
f
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
th
at
tr
an
s
p
ir
e
b
etwe
en
two
p
ar
ties
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
b
l
o
ck
ch
ain
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
an
o
p
en
,
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
ed
p
ee
r
-
to
-
p
ee
r
(
P2
P)
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
f
o
r
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e
[
1
5
]
.
E
ac
h
b
lo
ck
estab
lis
h
es
a
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
its
im
m
ed
iately
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
b
lo
ck
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
th
at
co
n
s
titu
tes
a
h
ash
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
i
o
r
b
lo
ck
,
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
to
as
th
e
p
ar
en
t
b
lo
ck
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
at
th
e
h
ash
es
o
f
u
n
cle
b
lo
ck
s
(
d
escen
d
an
t
s
o
f
th
e
b
lo
ck
’
s
an
ce
s
to
r
s
)
ar
e
also
r
etain
ed
with
in
th
e
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
.
T
h
e
i
n
au
g
u
r
al
b
lo
ck
o
f
a
b
lo
ck
c
h
ai
n
is
d
esig
n
ated
as th
e
g
e
n
esis
b
lo
ck
,
wh
ich
lack
s
a
p
ar
en
t
b
lo
ck
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
s
th
em
s
elv
es,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
d
ata
en
ca
p
s
u
lated
with
in
th
em
,
ar
e
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
o
f
ch
ai
n
lin
k
i
n
g
.
E
ac
h
r
ec
o
r
d
en
co
m
p
ass
es
a
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
th
e
p
r
io
r
s
o
u
r
ce
r
ec
o
r
d
,
in
a
d
d
itio
n
to
a
b
lo
ck
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
a
n
d
a
n
u
n
b
lo
c
k
in
g
s
tip
u
latio
n
.
T
o
a
r
ticu
late
th
e
r
u
les
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
lan
g
u
ag
e
is
em
p
lo
y
e
d
,
wh
ic
h
p
er
m
its
th
e
estab
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
in
tr
icate
lo
g
ic
an
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
g
o
v
e
r
n
in
g
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
.
I
t
is
f
ea
s
ib
le
f
o
r
ea
ch
r
ec
o
r
d
to
h
av
e
m
u
ltip
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
r
e
s
u
lts
;
th
u
s
,
a
r
ec
o
r
d
ca
n
tr
an
s
m
u
te
s
ev
er
al
s
o
u
r
ce
r
ec
o
r
d
s
in
to
m
u
ltip
le
o
u
tco
m
e
r
ec
o
r
d
s
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
b
l
o
ck
c
h
ain
p
o
s
s
ess
es
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
en
g
e
n
d
er
t
r
u
s
t
am
o
n
g
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t,
u
n
f
am
iliar
ac
t
o
r
s
,
th
er
eb
y
af
f
o
r
d
in
g
th
e
m
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
co
llab
o
r
ate
with
o
u
t
n
ec
ess
itati
n
g
an
y
f
o
r
m
o
f
ce
n
tr
al
au
t
h
o
r
i
ty
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
ar
ch
i
n
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
is
p
r
ed
icat
ed
u
p
o
n
th
e
Me
r
k
le
tr
ee
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
A
Me
r
k
le
tr
ee
co
n
s
titu
tes
a
d
ata
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
i
ze
d
b
y
a
h
ier
ar
c
h
y
o
f
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
h
ash
es.
I
ts
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
ex
h
ib
its
m
in
im
al
d
iv
er
g
e
n
ce
f
r
o
m
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
tr
ee
-
lik
e
d
ata
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
.
I
t
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tally
r
elies
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
h
ash
v
alu
es
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
h
ash
v
alu
es
o
f
all
its
s
u
b
o
r
d
in
a
te
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
r
o
o
t
h
ash
is
in
s
cr
ib
ed
with
in
th
e
b
l
o
ck
h
ea
d
er
,
t
h
er
eb
y
r
e
n
d
er
in
g
th
e
d
eletio
n
o
r
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
b
l
o
ck
s
in
f
ea
s
ib
le.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
at
b
lo
ck
h
ea
d
er
s
ar
e
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
ed
a
g
ain
s
t
alter
atio
n
s
,
it
f
o
llo
ws
t
h
at
an
ad
v
er
s
ar
y
wo
u
l
d
b
e
co
m
p
elled
to
r
ep
lace
all
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
b
lo
ck
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
en
tire
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
to
am
e
n
d
a
s
o
litar
y
b
l
o
ck
.
An
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
tecti
o
n
o
f
b
lo
ck
h
ea
d
er
s
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
r
e
n
d
er
s
t
h
e
er
ad
icatio
n
o
f
t
r
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
,
wh
ic
h
wer
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ted
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
tim
e
ag
o
,
im
p
r
ac
ticab
le.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
b
l
o
ck
ch
ain
f
u
lf
ills
th
e
cr
iter
io
n
o
f
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
f
i
n
ality
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
ea
ch
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
b
l
o
ck
is
u
n
if
o
r
m
an
d
c
o
m
p
r
is
es th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
[
1
9
]
:
−
B
lo
ck
v
er
s
io
n
:
e
n
co
m
p
ass
es
a
ll
th
e
s
tip
u
latio
n
s
(
h
ash
i
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
)
th
at
a
b
lo
ck
m
u
s
t
ad
h
e
r
e
to
in
o
r
d
er
to
attain
v
alid
atio
n
.
−
Par
en
t
b
lo
ck
h
ash
:
r
etain
s
th
e
v
alu
es u
tili
ze
d
to
s
ig
n
if
y
t
h
e
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
th
e
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
r
ec
o
r
d
b
l
o
ck
.
−
Me
r
k
le
tr
ee
r
o
o
t h
ash
: c
o
n
tain
s
th
e
h
ash
v
alu
e
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
a
ll th
e
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
with
in
th
e
b
lo
ck
.
−
T
im
estam
p
: ser
v
es a
s
a
tem
p
o
r
al
r
ef
er
en
ce
.
−
N
-
b
its
: p
er
tain
s
to
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
h
ash
in
g
o
b
jectiv
e
with
in
th
e
e
n
u
m
er
atio
n
.
−
No
n
ce
:
a
f
o
u
r
-
b
y
te
f
ield
th
at
i
n
cr
em
en
ts
its
v
alu
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ea
ch
s
u
cc
ess
iv
e
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
o
r
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
in
h
er
en
t
b
lo
c
k
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
b
v
iates
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
s
to
r
in
g
th
e
en
tire
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t.
I
n
s
tead
,
th
e
d
ata
is
r
etain
ed
b
y
th
e
u
s
er
,
with
o
n
ly
th
e
h
ash
v
alu
e
o
f
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
o
cu
m
en
t
b
ein
g
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
s
y
s
tem
.
B
y
m
ain
tain
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
o
f
t
h
eir
p
r
i
v
ate
k
ey
,
u
s
er
s
ar
e
em
p
o
we
r
ed
to
c
o
n
s
is
ten
tly
r
eg
en
er
ate
th
e
d
o
cu
m
en
t
’
s
h
ash
v
alu
e
f
o
r
v
er
if
icatio
n
.
A
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
u
l
m
atch
b
etwe
en
th
e
d
o
cu
m
en
t
’
s
h
ash
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
-
3
2
2
1
C
o
m
p
u
t Sci
I
n
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
ly
20
26
:
1
31
-
1
40
134
th
e
h
ash
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
in
th
e
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
,
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
e
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
is
v
alid
at
ed
,
u
n
eq
u
iv
o
c
ally
estab
lis
h
es
th
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
’
s
au
th
e
n
ticity
.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast
to
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
d
atab
ases
lik
e
My
SQL
an
d
Mo
n
g
o
DB
,
wh
o
s
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
r
elies
o
n
ce
n
tr
alize
d
d
ata
v
al
id
atio
n
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ato
r
s
,
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
elem
e
n
t
in
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
r
en
d
er
s
th
ese
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
v
u
ln
e
r
ab
ilit
ies.
A
p
er
tin
en
t
illu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
is
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
is
th
e
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
o
f
th
e
b
io
m
et
r
ic
d
ata
b
ase
m
an
ag
e
d
b
y
th
e
I
n
d
ia
n
ag
en
c
y
Un
i
q
u
e
I
d
en
tific
atio
n
Au
th
o
r
ity
o
f
I
n
d
ia
(
UI
DAI
)
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
UI
DA
I
s
tated
in
No
v
e
m
b
er
2
0
1
7
th
at
“
Aad
h
aa
r
d
ata
is
f
u
lly
s
af
e
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
th
e
r
e
h
as
b
ee
n
n
o
d
ata
leak
o
r
b
r
ea
ch
at
UI
DAI
,
”
in
v
esti
g
ativ
e
jo
u
r
n
alis
ts
f
r
o
m
“
T
h
e
T
r
ib
u
n
e
”
[
20
]
n
ewsp
a
p
er
r
ep
o
r
ted
ac
q
u
i
r
in
g
ac
ce
s
s
,
v
ia
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
s
eller
s
o
n
W
h
atsAp
p
,
to
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
d
etails
f
o
r
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
I
n
d
ia
’
s
Aad
h
aa
r
n
u
m
b
er
s
,
n
u
m
b
er
in
g
o
v
er
o
n
e
b
illi
o
n
.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
an
d
its
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
e,
wh
ich
is
b
ased
o
n
s
ec
u
r
e
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e,
cr
ea
tes
an
au
to
m
ated
s
y
s
tem
o
f
r
eg
is
tr
ies in
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
in
ter
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
tem
an
d
m
itig
ate
e
x
ter
n
al
th
r
ea
ts
.
Sm
ar
t
co
n
tr
ac
ts
ar
e
u
n
p
r
ec
e
d
en
ted
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
c
o
n
tr
ac
tu
al
co
m
p
lian
ce
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
o
cial
co
n
tr
ac
ts
.
“I
f
y
o
u
h
av
e
a
b
ig
t
r
an
s
ac
tio
n
with
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
y
o
u
ca
n
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
o
u
tc
o
m
e
at
an
y
p
er
io
d
in
tim
e,
”
s
aid
An
to
n
o
p
o
u
lo
s
[
2
1
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
T
a
p
s
co
tt
an
d
T
ap
s
co
tt
[
9
]
,
it
is
s
tated
th
at
w
h
en
a
f
u
lly
v
er
if
ied
an
d
s
ig
n
ed
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
co
n
tain
s
m
u
ltip
le
s
ig
n
atu
r
es
with
in
a
m
u
ltis
ig
n
atu
r
e
ac
co
u
n
t,
th
e
v
e
r
if
iab
ilit
y
o
f
th
at
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
b
y
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ca
n
b
e
p
r
ed
icted
.
I
f
th
e
t
r
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
is
v
er
if
ie
d
b
y
th
e
n
et
wo
r
k
,
it
is
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
r
ed
ee
m
ab
le
a
n
d
ir
r
ev
o
ca
b
l
e.
T
ap
s
co
tt
an
d
T
a
p
s
co
tt
[
9
]
e
m
p
h
asizes
th
at
n
o
ce
n
tr
al
au
t
h
o
r
ity
o
r
t
h
ir
d
p
ar
ty
is
ab
le
to
r
ev
o
k
e
it,
an
d
th
at
t
h
e
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
c
an
n
o
t
b
e
o
v
er
r
id
d
en
b
y
a
n
y
o
n
e.
T
h
is
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
h
im
as a
n
ew
co
n
ce
p
t in
b
o
th
law
an
d
f
in
an
ce
.
I
t is f
u
r
th
er
ass
er
ted
th
at
th
e
B
itco
in
s
y
s
t
em
p
r
o
v
id
es a
v
er
y
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ce
r
tain
ty
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
a
co
n
tr
ac
t.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
m
ar
t
co
n
tr
ac
ts
with
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
p
r
in
ci
p
les
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
estab
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al
’
s
ac
a
d
em
ic
c
r
ed
en
tials
an
d
ce
r
tific
atio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
y
n
er
g
is
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ad
d
r
es
s
es
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le,
d
ep
en
d
a
b
le,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
t
p
r
es
er
v
atio
n
o
f
d
ig
ital
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
o
d
ie
s
ar
e
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
ly
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
p
r
im
ar
ily
f
o
r
th
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
ac
ad
e
m
ic
cr
ed
en
tials
an
d
t
h
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
ts
[
2
2
]
.
No
tab
ly
,
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Nico
s
ia
p
io
n
ee
r
ed
th
e
ap
p
lica
tio
n
o
f
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
f
o
r
m
a
n
ag
in
g
ce
r
tific
ates
is
s
u
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
ass
iv
e
o
n
li
n
e
o
p
e
n
co
u
r
s
es
(
MO
OC
s
)
[
2
3
]
.
So
n
y
Glo
b
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
also
h
ar
n
ess
ed
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
wo
r
ld
wid
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
p
latf
o
r
m
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
ec
u
r
e
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
a
ca
d
em
ic
d
eg
r
ee
d
ata.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
Ma
s
s
ac
h
u
s
etts
I
n
s
ti
tu
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
MI
T
)
is
is
s
u
in
g
d
ig
ital
ac
ad
em
ic
d
eg
r
ee
s
,
with
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
MI
T
Me
d
ia
L
ab
p
r
o
ject
s
wh
o
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
co
m
p
lete
ass
ess
m
en
ts
r
ec
eiv
in
g
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
ce
r
ti
f
icate
s
[
2
4
]
.
An
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
itiativ
e
is
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
B
lo
ck
T
ac
[
2
5
]
,
a
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
-
b
ased
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
i
n
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
Sp
an
is
h
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
b
u
s
in
ess
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
,
as
well
as
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
estab
lis
h
m
en
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
E
u
r
o
p
e
an
d
L
atin
Am
er
ica.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
en
ab
les
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
u
p
l
o
a
d
th
eir
ce
r
tific
ates,
wh
ich
ar
e
th
en
d
ig
itally
en
d
o
r
s
ed
b
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
p
r
esen
t
th
ese
v
er
if
ied
ce
r
tific
ates
at
o
th
er
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
with
t
h
eir
au
th
en
ticity
v
er
if
iab
le
d
ir
ec
tly
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
o
b
v
iatin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
t
o
co
n
tact
th
e
o
r
i
g
in
al
is
s
u
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
b
et
wee
n
u
s
er
an
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
u
s
in
g
d
ec
e
n
tr
alize
d
s
y
s
tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
o
m
p
u
t Sci
I
n
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2722
-
3
2
2
1
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
–
b
a
s
ed
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
p
r
o
to
co
l fo
r
ed
u
c
a
tio
n
a
l
b
lo
ck
ch
a
in
n
etw
o
r
ks (
I
g
o
r
I
v
a
n
o
v
)
135
2
.
2
.
T
he
s
t
ruct
ura
l desig
n o
f
t
he
s
ec
ure
re
po
s
it
o
ry
s
o
lutio
n
T
h
e
g
lo
b
al
r
elev
a
n
ce
a
n
d
d
e
m
an
d
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
s
u
tili
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g
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i
s
tr
ib
u
ted
led
g
e
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
r
e
ev
id
e
n
t.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
it
i
s
n
o
tewo
r
th
y
th
at
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
al
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
,
alo
n
g
with
th
eir
d
etailed
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
,
a
r
e
ex
ce
ed
in
g
ly
s
ca
r
ce
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
ex
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
ten
f
all
s
h
o
r
t
o
f
s
p
ec
if
ic
u
s
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
n
ec
ess
itatin
g
f
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
a
p
p
licat
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
E
DB
lo
ck
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
,
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t
in
itiated
b
y
a
n
i
n
ter
n
ati
o
n
al
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
r
esear
ch
er
s
a
n
d
e
n
g
in
ee
r
s
,
was
co
n
ce
iv
ed
p
r
ec
is
ely
to
ad
d
r
es
s
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es.
T
o
d
esig
n
th
e
s
u
b
ject
ar
ea
m
o
d
el
was
u
s
ed
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
DE
F0
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
I
DE
F0
co
n
tex
t
d
iag
r
am
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
r
ef
lects
th
e
g
en
e
r
al
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
ac
tiv
ities
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
E
DB
lo
ck
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Stru
ctu
r
e
o
f
E
DB
lo
ck
s
y
s
tem
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
cu
s
to
m
er
d
ata
an
d
in
f
o
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p
er
tain
in
g
to
e
d
u
ca
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al
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
co
m
p
r
is
es
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
r
ec
o
r
d
s
r
ep
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esen
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g
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tr
o
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ic
v
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io
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s
o
f
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o
cu
m
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ts
,
s
y
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tem
u
s
ag
e
s
tatis
t
ics,
an
d
s
ea
r
ch
q
u
er
y
o
u
tco
m
es.
As
d
ep
icted
in
th
e
d
ia
g
r
am
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
o
v
er
all
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
is
s
eg
m
en
ted
in
to
f
o
u
r
p
r
in
ci
p
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
in
itial
b
lo
ck
u
tili
ze
s
u
s
e
r
d
ata
as
in
p
u
t,
y
ield
in
g
eith
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a
r
eq
u
est
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o
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ed
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ca
tio
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al
d
o
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m
e
n
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
r
s
y
s
tem
u
s
ag
e
s
tatis
tics
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
b
lo
ck
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
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f
o
r
g
en
er
atin
g
n
ew
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
,
wh
ich
en
ca
p
s
u
late
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etails
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
s
u
b
m
itted
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
an
d
th
e
ass
o
ciate
d
u
s
er
cr
ea
tin
g
th
e
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
t
h
e
th
ir
d
b
lo
c
k
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
th
e
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
all
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
g
en
er
ated
in
th
e
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
s
tag
e.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
t
h
b
lo
ck
lev
er
ag
es
th
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
d
o
cu
m
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
f
o
r
m
u
l
ate
a
s
ea
r
ch
q
u
er
y
.
T
h
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
is
q
u
er
y
d
eliv
er
s
r
elev
an
t d
o
c
u
m
en
t i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
esen
t w
ith
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
th
e
u
s
er
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
th
ese
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
lo
ws
h
as
led
t
o
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
(
m
o
d
u
les)
with
in
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
y
s
tem
:
a
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
m
o
d
u
le,
an
in
ter
c
o
n
n
ec
ti
o
n
m
o
d
u
le,
a
b
lo
c
k
ch
ai
n
m
o
d
u
le,
an
d
an
ap
p
licatio
n
f
a
cilitatin
g
u
s
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
cr
y
p
to
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
m
o
d
u
le
m
u
s
t
b
e
ab
le
to
g
e
n
er
ate
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
ally
s
tr
o
n
g
k
ey
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
R
SA
-
2
0
4
8
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
T
h
e
h
ash
o
f
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
d
ata
is
b
ein
g
cr
ea
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
SHA
-
5
1
2
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
an
d
th
en
u
s
er
u
s
es
th
eir
p
r
iv
ate
k
ey
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
ig
n
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
in
ter
wo
r
k
in
g
m
o
d
u
le
i
s
b
u
ilt
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
P2
P
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
.
P2
P
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
d
i
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
s
tan
d
ar
d
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
s
ca
lin
g
n
etwo
r
k
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es.
W
h
en
a
P2
P
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
ap
p
lied
,
th
e
m
ai
n
f
o
cu
s
is
n
o
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
clien
t
-
s
er
v
er
,
b
u
t
th
e
wa
y
s
an
d
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
f
in
d
in
g
o
th
er
clien
ts
o
n
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
ey
a
r
e
ab
le
to
ex
ch
an
g
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
with
ea
c
h
o
th
er
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
(
co
n
tr
o
l)
m
o
d
u
le
is
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
,
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
al
an
d
au
th
o
r
izatio
n
b
lo
c
k
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
is
m
o
d
u
le
d
escr
ib
es
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
c
h
ec
k
in
g
r
ec
ei
v
ed
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
,
ch
ec
k
in
g
th
e
lo
ca
l
d
ata
c
ir
cu
it,
s
to
r
in
g
d
ata
in
th
e
lo
ca
l c
ir
cu
it,
v
er
if
icatio
n
s
u
s
in
g
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
p
r
o
to
c
o
l.
T
h
e
co
r
e
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
r
eg
i
s
tr
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
th
e
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
[
2
7
]
.
R
o
u
g
h
l
y
d
ef
in
e
d
,
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
is
a
n
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
t
h
at
s
atis
f
ies
ea
ch
o
f
in
v
o
lv
ed
p
ar
ties
.
C
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
its
elf
is
th
e
k
ey
to
d
em
o
cr
ac
y
an
d
d
ec
e
n
tr
aliza
tio
n
in
g
en
er
a
l,
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
r
eg
is
tr
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
p
a
r
ticu
lar
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
-
3
2
2
1
C
o
m
p
u
t Sci
I
n
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
ly
20
26
:
1
31
-
1
40
136
I
n
th
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
c
r
y
p
t
o
cu
r
r
e
n
ci
es,
n
etwo
r
k
s
ec
u
r
ity
r
elies
o
n
a
p
r
o
o
f
o
f
wo
r
k
(P
o
W
)
alg
o
r
i
th
m
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
b
lo
ck
m
in
in
g
.
E
ac
h
n
o
d
e
wh
ich
wo
u
l
d
lik
e
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
th
e
m
in
in
g
,
m
u
s
t
s
o
lv
e
a
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
d
if
f
icu
lt
p
r
o
b
lem
to
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
n
ew
v
alid
b
lo
ck
.
I
f
we
d
ef
in
e
as
B
th
e
h
ea
d
e
r
o
f
th
e
last
b
lo
ck
o
f
a
v
alid
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
,
th
en
th
i
s
co
m
p
lex
ity
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t e
x
ce
ed
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
th
r
esh
o
ld
:
ℎ
ℎ
(
)
≤
⁄
(
1
)
wh
er
e
D
∈
[
1
;
H]
is
th
e
ta
r
g
et
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
an
d
H
is
t
h
e
u
p
p
e
r
b
o
u
n
d
o
f
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
h
a
s
h
f
u
n
ctio
n
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
alg
o
r
i
th
m
to
f
in
d
B
th
at
s
atis
f
ies
th
is
in
e
q
u
ality
,
o
th
er
t
h
an
iter
ati
n
g
o
v
e
r
all
p
o
s
s
ib
le
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
b
lo
ck
h
ea
d
er
.
L
ar
g
er
v
al
u
e
o
f
D
ca
u
s
es
m
o
r
e
iter
atio
n
s
to
f
in
d
a
v
alid
b
lo
ck
;
th
e
ex
p
ec
te
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
s
is
D.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
is
f
air
in
th
e
s
e
n
s
e
th
at
a
m
in
er
with
a
co
m
p
u
tin
g
p
o
we
r
n
ca
n
cr
ea
te
a
b
lo
ck
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
a
r
ewa
r
d
with
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
p
=n
/N,
wh
er
e
N
is
th
e
to
tal
co
m
p
u
tin
g
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
en
tire
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
attac
k
er
m
u
s
t
s
o
lv
e
th
e
s
am
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
as
ea
ch
o
f
m
i
n
er
s
o
f
th
e
en
tire
s
y
s
tem
,
th
u
s
,
th
e
attac
k
co
u
ld
b
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
if
o
n
ly
th
e
attac
k
er
h
ad
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
co
m
p
u
tin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
n
ea
r
ly
eq
u
al
as
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
f
th
e
wh
o
le
s
y
s
tem
.
Po
W
-
lik
e
p
r
o
t
o
co
ls
o
p
er
ate
i
n
a
way
th
at
th
e
s
e
cu
r
ity
o
f
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
p
h
y
s
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
s
u
ch
as
s
p
ec
ialized
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
f
o
r
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
o
r
t
h
e
elec
tr
icit
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
t
o
o
p
er
ate
th
is
eq
u
ip
m
en
t.
T
h
is
m
ak
es
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
in
ef
f
ici
en
t
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
n
d
in
a
p
p
licab
le
in
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
s
o
cial
m
o
tiv
atio
n
.
On
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
d
atab
ase
th
at
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ely
o
n
e
x
p
en
s
iv
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
an
d
is
b
ased
o
n
Po
S
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
e
id
ea
o
f
p
r
o
o
f
o
f
s
tak
e
is
s
im
p
le:
in
s
tead
o
f
co
m
p
u
tin
g
p
o
wer
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
cr
ea
tio
n
a
n
ew
b
lo
c
k
an
d
r
ec
eiv
in
g
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
ewa
r
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
t
io
n
al
to
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
s
h
ar
e
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
th
e
cl
ass
ic
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
Po
S
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
,
i
n
eq
u
ality
(
1
)
is
m
o
d
if
ied
in
a
way
o
f
g
ettin
g
r
id
o
f
b
l
o
ck
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
an
d
s
witch
in
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
wn
ed
b
y
a
u
s
er
:
ℎ
ℎ
(
ℎ
ℎ
(
)
,
,
)
≤
(
)
/
(
2
)
wh
er
e
A
is
th
e
u
s
er
ac
c
o
u
n
t
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
t
is
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
m
o
m
en
t
in
tim
e,
b
al(
A)
is
th
e
n
u
m
er
ic
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
k
ey
p
ar
am
eter
,
wh
ich
is
o
wn
ed
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
A
at
th
e
m
o
m
en
t
t,
N
is
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
k
e
y
in
d
icato
r
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
a
k
e
y
i
n
d
icato
r
o
f
s
y
s
tem
a
n
d
o
f
a
lo
g
ic
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
b
a
lan
ce
an
d
to
tal
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
s
y
s
tem
g
en
er
ates
a
v
a
r
iety
o
f
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
Po
S
f
am
i
ly
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ics
o
f
g
iv
en
Po
W
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
is
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
i
n
ap
p
lic
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
Po
W
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
am
ily
f
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
a
class
o
f
s
o
cial
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
e
v
el
o
p
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
“
E
DB
lo
ck
”
is
th
e
d
es
ir
e
to
cr
ea
te
a
u
n
if
ied
r
eg
is
ter
o
f
leg
al
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
eten
ce
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
al
g
o
r
ith
m
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
n
ee
d
s
a
n
alter
n
ativ
e
r
ewa
r
d
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
.
T
o
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
is
,
it
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
u
s
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
o
f
“
ac
tiv
ity
”
an
d
“
r
e
p
u
tatio
n
”
.
On
e
ty
p
e
o
f
Po
S
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
c
h
o
s
en
as
a
b
asis
-
d
eleg
ate
d
p
r
o
o
f
-
of
-
s
tak
e
(
D
p
oS
)
.
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
to
co
l,
b
lo
c
k
s
ar
e
g
en
e
r
ated
b
y
a
p
r
ed
ef
in
e
d
s
et
o
f
s
y
s
tem
u
s
e
r
s
(
d
eleg
ates)
wh
o
ar
e
r
ewa
r
d
ed
f
o
r
th
ei
r
d
u
ty
an
d
p
u
n
is
h
ed
f
o
r
m
alicio
u
s
b
eh
av
io
r
(
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
f
o
r
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
a
d
elib
er
ately
in
v
a
lid
b
lo
ck
)
.
Dele
g
ates
h
av
e
two
r
o
les
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
.
T
h
ey
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
t
h
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
b
lo
ck
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
a
n
d
v
er
i
f
y
g
en
er
ated
b
l
o
ck
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
c
r
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
A
g
e
n
er
ated
b
lo
ck
s
u
p
p
o
s
ed
to
b
e
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
v
alid
,
if
it
is
v
er
if
ie
d
b
y
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
f
r
o
m
a
s
et
o
f
d
eleg
ates.
T
h
e
lis
t
o
f
u
s
er
s
elig
ib
le
f
o
r
b
l
o
ck
s
ig
n
in
g
is
p
er
io
d
ically
ch
an
g
ed
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
a
g
r
ee
d
r
u
les.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
s
y
s
tem
ex
h
ib
its
a
f
u
n
d
am
en
tally
h
u
m
a
n
is
tic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic.
A
h
u
m
an
is
tic
s
y
s
tem
i
s
d
ef
in
ed
as
o
n
e
w
h
o
s
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
h
u
m
an
d
is
cr
etio
n
o
r
in
te
r
p
r
eta
tio
n
.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
s
y
s
tem
s
an
aly
s
is
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
m
o
d
elin
g
,
wh
ich
r
el
y
o
n
ex
ac
t
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies,
f
all
s
h
o
r
t
in
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
th
e
in
tr
icate
n
atu
r
e
o
f
h
u
m
an
c
o
g
n
itio
n
an
d
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
p
r
in
cip
les
g
o
v
er
n
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
.
E
m
b
r
ac
in
g
t
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
im
p
lies
th
e
im
p
er
ativ
e
to
f
o
r
g
o
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
f
r
i
g
o
r
an
d
p
r
ec
is
io
n
in
f
av
o
r
o
f
alter
n
ativ
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
[
28
]
.
T
h
at
i
s
wh
y
th
e
lo
g
ic
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
c
ep
t o
f
f
u
zz
y
s
ets an
d
u
s
es f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
d
eleg
ates
is
p
r
ed
icate
d
o
n
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
u
s
er
b
ase,
d
e
n
o
te
d
as
s
et
X.
T
h
is
s
et
en
co
m
p
ass
es
all
in
d
iv
id
u
als
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Vo
tin
g
elig
ib
ilit
y
f
o
r
d
e
leg
ate
elec
tio
n
s
is
co
n
tin
g
en
t
u
p
o
n
a
n
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
’
s
v
o
te
co
u
n
t,
a
m
etr
ic
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
:
s
u
s
tain
ed
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
d
u
r
atio
n
with
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
ag
g
r
eg
ate
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ater
ials
ac
q
u
ir
ed
,
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
v
alid
at
ed
b
y
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
,
an
d
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
ac
co
u
n
t
b
al
an
ce
,
q
u
a
n
tifie
d
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
in
ter
n
al
cu
r
r
en
cy
.
User
s
ex
h
ib
itin
g
s
u
s
tain
ed
en
g
ag
em
en
t
ar
e
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
with
a
v
o
tin
g
p
r
iv
ile
g
e,
th
er
eb
y
c
o
n
s
titu
tin
g
th
e
f
u
zz
y
s
et
A,
d
esig
n
ated
as
“
ac
tiv
e
v
o
ter
s
”
.
Fu
zz
y
s
et
A
“
ac
tiv
e
v
o
ter
”
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
s
et
o
f
p
air
s
A=
{(
f
A
(
x
)
,
x
)
},
wh
er
e
x
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
u
s
er
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
f
A
(
x
)
is
th
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
at
d
eter
m
in
es
t
h
e
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
t.
I
n
o
u
r
o
p
in
io
n
,
f
A
(
x
)
is
a
g
lo
b
al
f
u
zz
y
c
r
iter
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
o
m
p
u
t Sci
I
n
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2722
-
3
2
2
1
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
–
b
a
s
ed
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
p
r
o
to
co
l fo
r
ed
u
c
a
tio
n
a
l
b
lo
ck
ch
a
in
n
etw
o
r
ks (
I
g
o
r
I
v
a
n
o
v
)
137
wh
ich
is
a
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
f
o
u
r
lo
ca
l
f
u
zz
y
cr
iter
ia.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
eo
r
y
o
f
f
u
zz
y
s
ets,
ea
ch
o
f
cr
iter
ia
co
u
ld
h
av
e
a
v
al
u
e
f
r
o
m
0
t
o
1
.
T
h
ey
ar
e:
−
t
(
x
)
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
a
u
s
er
’
s
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
ted
en
g
a
g
e
m
en
t w
ith
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
−
d
(
x
)
d
en
o
tes th
e
c
u
m
u
lativ
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
ts
ac
q
u
ir
ed
.
−
d
*
(
x
)
s
ig
n
if
ies
th
e
co
u
n
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
th
at
h
av
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
v
alid
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
elev
an
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
−
m
(
x
)
in
d
i
ca
t
es
th
e
f
i
n
an
cia
l st
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
’
s
a
cc
o
u
n
t,
e
x
p
r
ess
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
em
’
s
p
r
o
p
r
i
e
tar
y
c
u
r
r
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
v
o
ter
ca
n
r
eg
u
late
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
th
eir
ac
tiv
ity
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
an
y
o
f
th
e
lo
ca
l
f
u
zz
y
cr
iter
ia
lis
ted
ab
o
v
e.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
th
ese
cr
i
ter
ia
h
as
le
d
to
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
s
e
th
e
“
h
ar
d
”
m
ath
em
atica
l
to
o
l
s
o
f
in
ter
v
al
f
u
zz
y
ar
ith
m
etic.
T
o
o
b
tain
a
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
g
lo
b
al
cr
iter
io
n
f
A
(
x
)
,
Z
ad
eh
[
2
9
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
y
s
tem
o
f
“
s
o
f
t
r
e
latio
n
s
”
.
T
h
e
ess
en
ce
o
f
s
o
f
t
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
is
th
at,
u
n
lik
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
an
d
h
ar
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
it
aim
s
to
ad
a
p
t
to
th
e
g
en
er
al
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
y
o
f
th
e
r
e
al
wo
r
ld
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
g
u
id
i
n
g
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
s
o
f
t
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
is
to
ler
an
ce
f
o
r
in
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
y
,
an
d
p
a
r
tial
tr
u
th
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
an
ag
ea
b
ilit
y
,
r
elia
b
ilit
y
,
lo
w
co
s
t
o
f
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
an
d
b
etter
alig
n
m
en
t
with
r
ea
lity
[
29
]
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
q
u
an
titativ
e
v
alu
e
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
as wa
y
:
(
)
=
(
)
+
∗
(
)
+
(
)
+
(
)
−
(
)
∗
(
)
−
(
)
(
)
−
(
)
(
)
−
∗
(
)
(
)
−
∗
(
)
(
)
−
(
)
(
)
+
(
)
(
)
∗
(
)
+
(
)
∗
(
)
(
)
+
(
)
(
)
(
)
+
∗
(
)
(
)
(
)
−
(
)
(
)
∗
(
)
(
)
(
3
)
Set
Y
“d
eleg
ates
”
i
s
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
ch
o
o
s
in
g
r
e
p
r
esen
tativ
es.
I
n
s
id
e
th
e
s
et
Y
a
f
u
zz
y
s
et
V
i
s
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
“v
o
tin
g
d
eleg
ates
”
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
task
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
es
o
f
th
i
s
s
et
s
o
lv
e,
is
th
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
b
y
g
en
er
atin
g
b
lo
ck
s
.
As
a
f
u
zz
y
cr
iter
ia
r
V
(
y
)
h
as
b
ee
n
ch
o
s
en
a
“r
ep
u
tatio
n
”
co
n
ce
p
t.
T
h
e
co
r
r
ec
tn
ess
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ju
d
g
m
en
ts
is
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
b
y
s
tu
d
ies b
y
o
th
er
au
th
o
r
s
in
th
is
ar
ea
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
r
ep
u
tatio
n
s
er
v
es
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
o
f
th
e
n
ew
d
ig
ital
ec
o
n
o
my
[
2
2
]
,
with
co
m
p
an
ies
lik
e
Air
b
n
b
a
n
d
Ub
er
estab
lis
h
in
g
tr
u
s
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
atin
g
s
an
d
r
e
v
iews.
I
n
t
h
e
ac
ad
em
ic
s
p
h
e
r
e,
r
ep
u
tatio
n
alr
ea
d
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
tr
ad
ea
b
le
co
m
m
o
d
ity
,
s
in
ce
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
a
n
d
r
ec
r
u
itm
en
t
ar
e
p
ar
tly
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
in
d
icato
r
s
s
u
c
h
as
citatio
n
co
u
n
ts
an
d
th
e
H
-
in
d
ex
,
wh
ic
h
r
ef
lects
p
u
b
li
ca
tio
n
im
p
ac
t.
I
t
is
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
th
e
tr
a
d
in
g
o
f
s
ch
o
lar
ly
r
ep
u
tatio
n
c
o
u
ld
b
e
ex
ten
d
e
d
b
ey
o
n
d
ac
a
d
e
m
ia
an
d
u
s
ed
as
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
a
b
r
o
ad
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ec
o
n
o
m
y
.
T
h
e
d
eleg
ate
’
s
r
ep
u
tatio
n
m
etr
ic,
d
e
n
o
te
d
a
s
r
V
(
y
)
,
alo
n
g
with
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
in
itial sh
ar
e,
is
ass
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
f
i
v
e
f
u
zz
y
cr
i
ter
ia:
−
l(
y
)
,
wh
ich
s
ig
n
if
ies th
e
p
o
s
s
ess
io
n
o
f
a
licen
s
e
au
th
o
r
izin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
tiv
ities
;
−
d
(
y
)
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l c
r
e
d
en
tials
co
n
f
er
r
ed
b
y
th
e
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
;
−
v
(
y
)
,
i
n
d
icatin
g
t
h
e
ag
g
r
eg
ate
u
s
er
v
o
tes g
ar
n
e
r
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
;
−
p
(
y
)
,
r
ef
er
r
in
g
to
th
e
r
atio
o
f
v
alid
ly
s
ig
n
e
d
m
etad
ata
to
t
h
e
en
tire
ty
o
f
s
ig
n
ed
m
etad
at
a,
in
clu
s
iv
e
o
f
in
v
alid
en
tr
ies;
−
s
(
y
)
,
wh
ich
d
en
o
tes
th
e
to
tal
c
o
u
n
t o
f
en
g
a
g
em
en
ts
as a
d
ele
g
ate.
T
h
e
f
in
al
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
r
e
p
u
tatio
n
cr
iter
ia
r
V
(
y
)
is
b
ein
g
ca
lcu
lated
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
f
u
zz
y
“
a
cti
v
e
v
o
ter
”
s
et
(
3
)
an
d
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
u
s
in
g
(
4
)
:
(
)
=
(
)
+
(
)
+
(
)
+
(
)
−
(
)
(
)
−
(
)
(
)
−
(
)
(
)
−
(
)
(
)
−
(
)
(
)
−
(
)
(
)
+
(
)
(
)
(
)
+
(
)
(
)
(
)
+
(
)
(
)
(
)
+
(
)
(
)
(
)
−
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
1
−
(
)
)
+
(
)
(
4
)
R
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
o
r
elec
ted
d
ele
g
ates
ar
e:
i)
l
ast
two
d
eleg
ate
s
wh
o
s
ig
n
ed
th
e
last
b
l
o
ck
i
n
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
o
u
n
d
ar
e
ex
clu
d
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
lis
t
o
f
ca
n
d
id
ates
o
f
th
e
n
ex
t
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
v
o
tin
g
;
ii)
d
eleg
ates
with
t
h
e
s
am
e
r
e
p
u
tatio
n
r
atin
g
ar
e
b
ein
g
m
u
tu
ally
ex
cl
u
d
ed
;
an
d
iii)
t
h
er
e
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
two
id
en
tical
n
o
d
e
id
en
tifie
r
s
in
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
d
eleg
ates
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
attin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
a
v
alid
b
lo
ck
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
a
ctio
n
s
.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
e
s
elec
ted
d
eleg
ates
s
eq
u
en
tially
f
o
r
m
s
a
v
alid
b
lo
ck
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
.
E
ac
h
d
eleg
ate
h
as
a
f
ix
e
d
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
tim
e
f
o
r
o
n
e
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
v
o
tin
g
t
o
r
elea
s
e
b
lo
ck
s
o
f
th
e
c
h
ain
.
E
ac
h
d
eleg
ate
with
in
1
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
r
ec
eiv
es
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
b
lo
c
k
s
,
o
r
an
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
er
r
o
r
wh
ich
is
s
en
t
b
y
o
th
er
n
o
d
es.
A
d
ec
is
io
n
wh
eth
er
to
s
ig
n
o
r
n
o
t
th
e
b
l
o
ck
s
en
t
b
y
an
ac
tiv
e
d
eleg
ate
is
b
ein
g
m
ad
e
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
a
n
o
p
en
v
o
tin
g
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
g
en
e
r
ated
b
lo
ck
.
A
b
lo
ck
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
v
alid
if
m
o
r
e
th
an
2
/3
o
f
th
e
elec
ted
d
eleg
ates
q
u
o
r
u
m
ac
ce
p
ts
it.
T
h
e
g
en
er
ate
d
b
lo
c
k
is
s
ig
n
ed
with
th
e
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
eleg
ate
wh
o
cr
ea
ted
it.
T
h
is
m
ec
h
an
is
m
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
e
p
u
tatio
n
r
atin
g
in
a
ca
s
e
it
tu
r
n
s
o
u
t
th
at
th
e
b
lo
ck
is
f
alsi
f
ied
.
Af
ter
co
m
p
letin
g
th
e
e
n
tire
v
o
tin
g
ci
r
cle,
an
au
ctio
n
is
o
r
g
an
ized
ag
ain
t
o
s
elec
t
n
ew
d
eleg
ates.
T
h
e
o
r
d
er
in
wh
ich
d
eleg
ates
ar
e
s
elec
ted
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
alg
o
r
it
hm
,
as
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
:
i)
with
in
5
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
ea
ch
u
s
er
n
o
d
e
th
at
h
as
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
v
o
te,
m
u
s
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
its
v
o
tes
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
7
2
2
-
3
2
2
1
C
o
m
p
u
t Sci
I
n
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
ly
20
26
:
1
31
-
1
40
138
am
o
n
g
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
-
d
eleg
ates;
ii)
th
en
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
r
an
k
ca
n
d
id
ates
f
r
o
m
1
to
n
am
o
n
g
n
o
m
in
ate
d
d
eleg
ates
with
a
r
ep
u
tatio
n
s
co
r
e
ab
o
v
e
o
r
b
el
o
w
th
e
estab
lis
h
ed
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
;
iii)
b
r
o
ad
c
ast
th
e
h
ash
o
f
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
lis
t
to
all
s
y
s
tem
n
o
d
es;
an
d
v
i)
th
e
lis
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
m
em
b
er
s
is
b
ein
g
s
elec
ted
as
a
q
u
o
r
u
m
o
f
ac
tiv
e
d
eleg
ates.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Vo
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
3.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
n
etwo
r
k
s
ca
lls
f
o
r
a
co
o
r
d
in
ated
s
et
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
at
en
s
u
r
e
th
eir
s
tab
le,
ef
f
icien
t,
an
d
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
.
T
h
ese
m
ea
s
u
r
es
in
clu
d
e
cr
ea
t
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
f
o
r
th
e
au
to
m
atic
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
m
in
er
s
h
ar
es
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
r
ep
u
tatio
n
-
b
ased
r
ewa
r
d
s
to
m
ain
tain
f
air
n
ess
,
estab
lis
h
in
g
n
o
d
e
-
r
atin
g
p
r
ac
tices
th
at
d
is
co
u
r
ag
e
im
p
r
o
p
er
b
eh
av
i
o
r
an
d
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
p
o
s
itiv
e
ac
tio
n
s
,
an
d
ad
v
an
cin
g
P2
P
p
r
o
t
o
co
ls
to
s
ec
u
r
e
a
n
d
s
tr
ea
m
lin
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
p
ap
e
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
s
a
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
c
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
in
d
ec
e
n
tr
alize
d
b
lo
ck
v
er
if
icatio
n
b
y
n
o
d
es
in
a
n
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
n
etwo
r
k
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