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ased
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[
7
]
em
p
lo
y
ed
GSM
-
GPS
with
s
er
ial
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
y
et
th
eir
s
y
s
tem
lack
ed
ef
f
icien
t
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
u
p
d
ates
v
ia
m
ess
ag
e
q
u
eu
in
g
telem
etr
y
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
(
MQ
T
T
)
.
Dad
a
an
d
T
h
iess
e
et
a
l.
[
8
]
em
p
h
asized
co
s
t
ef
f
icien
cy
f
o
r
MSM
E
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
b
u
t
th
eir
Ar
d
u
in
o
Me
g
a
a
n
d
SIM
9
0
0
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
ac
ed
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
an
d
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
lim
itati
o
n
s
.
B
ey
o
n
d
th
ese,
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tu
d
ies s
u
ch
as
Yo
u
m
et
a
l.
[
9
]
a
n
d
L
a
n
d
eg
em
an
d
Vis
wan
ath
an
et
a
l.
[
1
0
]
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
I
o
T
-
b
ased
GPS
tr
ac
k
in
g
ca
n
en
h
a
n
ce
lo
g
is
tics
an
d
f
leet
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t,
b
u
t
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
r
e
m
ain
u
n
r
eso
lv
ed
ch
allen
g
es.
Desp
ite
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
s
,
e
x
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
r
em
ain
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
b
y
eith
er
e
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
r
elian
ce
o
n
m
u
lti
p
le
ex
te
r
n
al
m
o
d
u
les,
o
r
lim
ited
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
clo
u
d
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
ity
.
T
h
is
cr
ea
tes
a
clea
r
r
esear
c
h
g
ap
:
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
ac
t,
en
e
r
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t,
an
d
clo
u
d
-
r
ea
d
y
I
o
T
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
p
ec
if
ically
tailo
r
ed
to
r
en
tal
v
eh
icle
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
is
g
ap
r
eq
u
i
r
es
lev
er
ag
in
g
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
th
at
in
teg
r
ate
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
a
n
d
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
a
s
in
g
le
p
latf
o
r
m
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
t
h
e
f
ield
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
th
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
an
I
o
T
-
b
ased
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
th
e
No
d
eM
C
U
E
SP
-
32
m
ic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
teg
r
ated
with
th
e
NE
O
-
6
M
GPS
m
o
d
u
le
.
T
h
e
E
SP
-
3
2
o
f
f
er
s
b
u
ilt
-
in
W
i
-
Fi,
lo
w
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
d
e
v
elo
p
er
co
m
m
u
n
ity
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
m
ak
in
g
it
s
u
p
er
io
r
to
ea
r
lier
Ar
d
u
in
o
o
r
R
asp
b
er
r
y
Pi
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
p
e
r
io
d
icall
y
tr
an
s
m
its
v
eh
icle
lo
ca
tio
n
d
ata
to
a
clo
u
d
s
er
v
e
r
an
d
v
is
u
alize
s
it
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
we
b
-
b
ased
d
ig
ital
m
ap
in
ter
f
ac
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
to
r
en
tal
o
wn
er
s
.
B
ey
o
n
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
en
ab
les
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
,
in
clu
d
in
g
r
o
u
te
p
atter
n
s
,
u
s
ag
e
d
u
r
atio
n
,
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
a
l e
f
f
icien
cy
,
th
e
r
eb
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
tr
ateg
ic
f
leet
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
r
es
e
a
r
c
h
l
ie
s
i
n
p
r
es
e
n
t
i
n
g
a
c
o
s
t
-
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
,
e
n
e
r
g
y
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ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
,
a
n
d
s
c
a
l
a
b
l
e
I
o
T
-
b
a
s
e
d
GP
S
t
r
a
c
k
e
r
s
p
e
ci
f
i
c
a
ll
y
d
es
i
g
n
e
d
f
o
r
r
en
t
a
l
v
e
h
i
cl
e
s
.
U
n
li
k
e
p
r
i
o
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
es
GP
S
a
n
d
W
i
-
F
i
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
v
i
t
y
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
E
S
P
-
3
2
p
l
at
f
o
r
m
,
e
lim
i
n
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
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x
t
e
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n
a
l
m
o
d
u
l
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s
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
c
i
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g
s
y
s
t
e
m
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
ls
o
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
s
c
l
o
u
d
-
b
a
s
e
d
v
i
s
u
a
li
z
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
G
o
o
g
l
e
M
a
p
s
AP
I
,
e
n
ab
l
i
n
g
b
o
t
h
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
m
o
n
it
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
h
i
s
t
o
r
i
c
a
l
d
a
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
cs
.
T
h
i
s
d
u
a
l
c
a
p
a
b
i
li
t
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
t
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
c
y
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
as
s
et
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
d
a
t
a
-
d
r
i
v
e
n
d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g
i
n
f
l
e
e
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
ex
ten
d
s
b
ey
o
n
d
tec
h
n
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
v
e
h
icle
r
en
ta
l
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
s
m
all
a
n
d
m
e
d
iu
m
e
n
ter
p
r
is
es
in
em
er
g
in
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ies,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
o
f
f
er
s
a
p
r
ac
tical
a
n
d
a
f
f
o
r
d
ab
le
s
o
l
u
tio
n
to
lo
n
g
-
s
tan
d
in
g
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
ch
allen
g
es.
B
y
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
f
leet
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
c
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
ed
u
c
es
f
in
an
cial
r
is
k
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
ef
t
an
d
m
is
u
s
e.
B
y
en
ab
l
in
g
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
,
it
em
p
o
wer
s
r
en
tal
c
o
m
p
an
ies
to
o
p
tim
ize
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
cu
s
to
m
er
s
er
v
ice,
an
d
m
ak
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
d
ec
is
io
n
s
b
ased
o
n
ev
id
en
ce
r
a
th
er
th
an
in
tu
itio
n
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
alig
n
s
wi
th
b
r
o
ad
er
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
I
C
T
)
an
d
I
o
T
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
t
o
th
e
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
s
m
ar
t
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
an
d
r
ein
f
o
r
ci
n
g
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
I
o
T
in
m
o
d
e
r
n
f
leet
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
I
ts
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
m
o
d
u
lar
ity
also
m
ak
e
it a
d
ap
tab
le
to
o
t
h
er
d
o
m
ain
s
s
u
ch
as lo
g
is
tics
,
p
u
b
lic
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
an
d
s
m
ar
t c
ity
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ad
o
p
te
d
to
d
esig
n
an
d
im
p
le
m
en
t
th
e
I
o
T
-
b
ased
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
r
en
tal
v
eh
icles.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
o
llo
ws
an
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
m
b
in
ed
with
s
y
s
tem
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
r
in
ci
p
les,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
at
b
o
t
h
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
in
teg
r
ate
d
,
an
d
test
ed
s
y
s
tem
at
ically
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
b
eg
i
n
s
with
id
en
tify
in
g
s
y
s
tem
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
co
n
tin
u
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
ar
d
war
e
a
n
d
s
o
f
twar
e
d
esig
n
,
an
d
cu
lm
in
ates
in
im
p
lem
en
ta
tio
n
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
.
B
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
is
way
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
tec
h
n
ically
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
b
u
t
also
ef
f
icien
t,
r
eliab
le,
an
d
a
d
ap
tab
le
to
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
2
.
1
.
T
o
o
ls
a
nd
m
a
t
er
ia
ls
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
s
y
s
tem
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
d
ev
ices
ca
r
ef
u
lly
s
elec
ted
to
m
ee
t
th
e
cr
iter
ia
o
f
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
,
co
m
p
ac
tn
ess
,
an
d
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
with
I
o
T
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
No
d
eM
C
U
E
SP
-
3
2
m
icr
o
co
n
t
r
o
ller
was
c
h
o
s
en
as
th
e
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
u
e
to
its
in
teg
r
ated
Wi
-
Fi
an
d
B
lu
eto
o
th
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies,
d
u
al
-
co
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
o
wer
,
an
d
lo
w
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
,
m
ak
in
g
it
id
ea
l
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
in
v
eh
icle
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
NE
O
-
6
M
GPS
m
o
d
u
le
p
r
o
v
id
es
ac
cu
r
ate
lo
ca
t
io
n
d
ata,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
-
3
2
2
1
C
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p
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t Sci
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f
T
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h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
ly
20
26
:
214
-
2
2
3
216
wh
ile
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x
iliar
y
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m
p
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ch
as
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m
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er
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les,
p
o
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k
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a
n
d
s
m
ar
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s
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e
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ea
m
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n
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ec
tiv
ity
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p
o
r
tab
ilit
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,
a
n
d
u
s
er
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ter
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lete
lis
t
o
f
to
o
ls
an
d
m
ater
ials
u
s
e
d
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
,
wh
ich
s
u
m
m
ar
iz
es
th
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
an
d
q
u
a
n
titi
es
o
f
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
an
d
test
in
g
.
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ab
le
1
.
T
o
o
ls
an
d
m
ate
r
ials
No
To
o
l
s
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
Q
u
a
n
t
i
t
y
1
N
o
d
e
M
C
U
ESP
3
2
C
P
U
/
P
r
o
c
e
ss
o
r
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n
s
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l
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c
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LX
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t
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u
a
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e
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t
1
6
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4
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H
z
S
R
A
M
:
5
2
0
K
B
F
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S
H
:
2
M
B
(
ma
x
.
6
4
M
B
)
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
:
2
.
2
V
t
o
3
.
6
V
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
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0
mA
1
2
M
o
d
u
l
G
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e
o
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e
c
e
i
v
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t
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e
:
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0
c
h
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l
s
,
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P
S
L
1
(
1
5
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5
.
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z
)
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o
r
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t
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c
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5
m
N
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v
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g
a
t
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o
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e
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d
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m
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g
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t
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t
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:
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Ju
m
p
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c
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s
M
a
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e
t
o
ma
l
e
,
f
e
m
a
l
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t
o
f
e
ma
l
e
.
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i
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e
:
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0
/
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c
m
4
4
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o
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k
1
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0
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1
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l
a
c
k
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h
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e
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n
d
r
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i
d
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O
S
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
T
e
l
e
g
r
a
m
1
7
U
sb
c
a
b
l
e
-
1
2
.
2
.
Resea
rc
h
p
ro
ce
du
re
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
was
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
an
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
m
b
in
ed
with
I
o
T
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
r
in
cip
les
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
ch
o
s
en
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
s
y
s
tem
c
o
u
ld
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
,
test
ed
,
an
d
v
alid
ated
u
n
d
er
r
ea
lis
tic
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
was
d
esig
n
ed
to
f
o
llo
w
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
o
f
ac
tiv
ities
,
b
eg
in
n
in
g
with
t
h
e
id
en
t
if
icatio
n
o
f
s
y
s
tem
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
esig
n
,
im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
,
an
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
E
ac
h
s
tag
e
was
ca
r
ef
u
lly
p
lan
n
ed
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
at
th
e
f
in
al
s
y
s
tem
wo
u
ld
m
ee
t
th
e
o
b
jec
tiv
es
o
f
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
en
e
r
g
y
ef
f
i
cien
cy
,
a
n
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
c
o
n
s
is
ted
o
f
s
ev
e
r
al
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
tag
es,
wh
ich
to
g
eth
er
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
n
d
ass
es
s
in
g
th
e
I
o
T
-
b
ased
GPS tr
ac
k
er
s
y
s
tem
:
a.
L
iter
atu
r
e
s
tu
d
y
C
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
a
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
o
f
v
ar
i
o
u
s
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
r
elate
d
t
o
:
−
I
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
v
eh
icle
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
−
No
d
eM
C
U
E
SP
-
3
2
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
,
−
GPS m
o
d
u
le
in
teg
r
atio
n
(
NE
O
-
6
M)
,
−
Dig
ital m
ap
p
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
s
u
c
h
as Go
o
g
le
Ma
p
s
API
o
r
B
ly
n
k
.
b.
Sy
s
tem
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
id
en
tific
atio
n
Dete
r
m
in
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
an
d
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
:
−
Har
d
war
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
(
No
d
e
MCU E
SP
-
3
2
,
GPS NE
O
-
6
M,
W
i
-
Fi m
o
d
u
le,
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
)
,
−
So
f
twar
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
(
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
I
DE
,
web
d
ash
b
o
ar
d
/API)
,
−
R
ea
l
-
tim
e
lo
ca
tio
n
d
ata
d
eliv
e
r
y
an
d
d
is
p
lay
s
ch
em
e.
c.
Sy
s
tem
d
esig
n
1.
Har
d
war
e
d
esig
n
−
Ass
em
b
lin
g
No
d
eM
C
U
E
S
P
-
3
2
with
NE
O
-
6
M
GPS
m
o
d
u
le
an
d
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
(
e
.
g
.
,
p
o
wer
b
an
k
o
r
lith
iu
m
b
atter
y
)
.
−
I
n
s
tallin
g
th
e
d
ev
ice
t
o
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
v
e
h
icle.
2.
So
f
twar
e
d
esig
n
−
No
d
eM
C
U
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
u
s
in
g
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
I
DE
to
r
ea
d
GPS
d
ata
an
d
s
en
d
it
v
ia
W
i
-
Fi
to
th
e
s
er
v
er
p
latf
o
r
m
.
−
Desig
n
o
f
web
-
b
ased
u
s
er
in
te
r
f
ac
e
u
s
in
g
d
ig
ital m
ap
s
(
Go
o
g
le
Ma
p
s
API
/B
ly
n
k
/Th
in
g
Sp
ea
k
)
.
d.
Sy
s
tem
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
−
Up
lo
ad
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
in
to
th
e
No
d
eM
C
U
E
SP
-
32,
−
C
o
n
n
ec
tin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
a
W
i
-
Fi n
etwo
r
k
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
o
m
p
u
t Sci
I
n
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2722
-
3
2
2
1
I
mp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
a
n
d
d
esig
n
o
f
GP
S
tr
a
ck
er mo
n
ito
r
in
g
s
ystem
o
n
ca
r
r
en
ta
l …
(
I
n
d
a
h
P
u
r
n
a
ma
S
a
r
i
)
217
−
T
esti
n
g
th
e
d
ata
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
e
twee
n
th
e
d
ev
ice,
s
er
v
er
,
an
d
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
d
is
p
lay
.
e.
Sy
s
tem
test
in
g
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
1.
Sy
s
tem
f
u
n
ctio
n
test
in
g
−
T
esti
n
g
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
GPS d
ata
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
ac
tu
al
lo
ca
tio
n
.
−
T
esti
n
g
th
e
s
p
ee
d
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
d
ata
d
eliv
er
y
.
−
E
v
alu
atin
g
th
e
d
is
p
lay
o
f
lo
ca
t
io
n
d
ata
o
n
th
e
web
o
r
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e.
2.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
v
alu
atio
n
−
Ob
s
er
v
in
g
th
e
p
o
w
er
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice
wh
e
n
ac
tiv
e.
−
C
alcu
latin
g
th
e
tim
e
d
elay
b
et
wee
n
d
ata
b
ein
g
o
b
tain
e
d
an
d
b
ein
g
d
is
p
lay
e
d
.
−
T
est th
e
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
n
o
n
-
s
to
p
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
f.
Do
cu
m
en
tatio
n
a
n
d
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
r
esu
lts
1.
R
ec
o
r
d
all
test
r
esu
lts
−
An
aly
ze
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es a
n
d
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
−
Pro
v
id
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
s
y
s
tem
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
2.
Pre
p
ar
atio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
r
ep
o
r
ts
−
Pre
p
ar
e
a
f
in
al
r
ep
o
r
t
co
n
tain
in
g
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
m
eth
o
d
s
,
r
esu
lts
,
an
aly
s
is
,
co
n
clu
s
i
o
n
s
,
an
d
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
,
−
Pre
p
ar
e
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
f
o
r
p
u
b
licatio
n
o
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
test
in
g
co
m
m
e
r
cially
o
r
ac
ad
em
ically
.
2
.
3
.
B
lo
c
k
d
ia
g
ra
m
T
o
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
ar
ch
it
ec
tu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
I
o
T
-
b
a
s
ed
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
s
y
s
tem
,
a
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
h
ar
d
war
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
d
ata
f
lo
w,
an
d
u
s
er
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
ia
g
r
a
m
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
h
ig
h
-
lev
el
o
v
e
r
v
iew
o
f
h
o
w
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
at
es,
s
tar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
s
atellite
s
ig
n
als
to
th
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
v
eh
icle
lo
ca
tio
n
d
ata
o
n
a
d
ig
ital
p
latf
o
r
m
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
NE
O
-
6
M
GPS
m
o
d
u
le
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
in
p
u
t
d
ev
ice,
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
s
ig
n
als
f
r
o
m
s
atellites
an
d
g
en
er
atin
g
lo
ca
tio
n
c
o
o
r
d
in
ate
s
(
lo
n
g
itu
d
e
an
d
latitu
d
e)
.
T
h
e
s
e
r
aw
d
ata
ar
e
th
e
n
tr
an
s
m
itte
d
to
th
e
N
o
d
eM
C
U
E
SP
-
3
2
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
w
h
ich
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
p
r
o
c
ess
in
g
u
n
it.
T
h
e
E
SP
-
3
2
e
x
e
cu
tes
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
GPS
d
ata,
m
an
ag
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
,
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
s
tab
le
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
its
b
u
ilt
-
in
W
i
-
Fi co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
a
u
to
m
at
io
n
s
y
s
tem
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
On
ce
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
,
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
s
en
t
to
a
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
s
er
v
er
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
in
teg
r
ated
with
a
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
was
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
T
eleg
r
am
ap
p
licatio
n
,
wh
ich
ac
ts
as
th
e
m
ed
iu
m
f
o
r
u
s
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
T
eleg
r
a
m
,
u
s
er
s
ca
n
s
en
d
co
m
m
an
d
s
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
r
ec
eiv
e
co
o
r
d
in
ate
lin
k
s
,
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
lo
ca
tio
n
u
p
d
ates
d
is
p
lay
ed
v
ia
G
o
o
g
le
Ma
p
s
.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
atio
n
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
v
eh
icle
o
wn
er
s
ca
n
m
o
n
ito
r
th
eir
ass
ets
r
em
o
tely
,
ef
f
icien
tly
,
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ely
.
T
h
e
b
lo
c
k
d
ia
g
r
am
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
r
ee
cr
itical
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
:
−
Data
a
cq
u
is
itio
n
: G
PS
m
o
d
u
le
ca
p
tu
r
es satellit
e
s
ig
n
als an
d
g
en
er
ates a
cc
u
r
ate
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
d
ata.
−
Data
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
: E
SP
-
3
2
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es GPS d
a
ta
an
d
tr
an
s
m
its
it v
ia
W
i
-
Fi to
th
e
s
er
v
er
.
−
User
in
ter
ac
tio
n
an
d
v
is
u
aliza
t
io
n
:
T
eleg
r
am
b
o
t
an
d
Go
o
g
le
Ma
p
s
API
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
a
n
d
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
v
e
h
icle
lo
ca
tio
n
.
B
y
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
th
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
m
an
n
er
,
th
e
b
l
o
c
k
d
iag
r
am
clar
if
ies
t
h
e
lo
g
ical
f
lo
w
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
co
llab
o
r
ate
to
ac
h
iev
e
r
eliab
le
I
o
T
-
b
ased
v
eh
icle
tr
ac
k
in
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
-
3
2
2
1
C
o
m
p
u
t Sci
I
n
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
ly
20
26
:
214
-
2
2
3
218
2
.
4
.
F
l
o
wcha
rt
o
f
wo
rk
t
o
o
ls
T
o
co
m
p
lem
en
t
t
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
p
r
esen
ted
ea
r
lier
,
a
f
lo
wch
ar
t
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
t
h
e
lo
g
ical
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
with
in
th
e
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
s
y
s
tem
.
W
h
ile
th
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
h
ar
d
wa
r
e
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
th
e
f
lo
wch
a
r
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
h
o
w
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
p
r
ac
tice.
I
t
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
u
s
er
,
th
e
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
d
ev
ice,
a
n
d
th
e
T
eleg
r
am
ap
p
licatio
n
,
s
h
o
win
g
h
o
w
co
m
m
an
d
s
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
an
d
h
o
w
lo
ca
tio
n
d
ata
is
d
eliv
er
ed
in
r
ea
l
tim
e.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
in
s
with
th
e
in
itializatio
n
o
f
all
h
ar
d
war
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
u
s
er
au
th
en
ticatio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
T
eleg
r
am
a
p
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
s
en
d
s
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
m
m
an
d
s
to
t
h
e
T
eleg
r
a
m
b
o
t,
wh
ich
tr
ig
g
er
s
th
e
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
to
r
etr
ie
v
e
an
d
tr
an
s
m
it
l
o
ca
tio
n
co
o
r
d
in
ates.
I
f
t
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
is
s
tab
le,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
eliv
er
s
a
co
o
r
d
in
ate
lin
k
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
o
p
en
ed
i
n
Go
o
g
le
Ma
p
s
,
allo
win
g
t
h
e
u
s
er
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
v
e
h
icle’
s
p
o
s
itio
n
.
I
n
ca
s
es
wh
er
e
th
e
li
n
k
is
n
o
t
s
en
t,
th
e
f
lo
wch
ar
t
also
o
u
tlin
es
co
r
r
ec
tiv
e
ac
tio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
ch
ec
k
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
an
d
r
ef
r
esh
in
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
is
f
lo
wch
ar
t
is
ess
en
tial
b
ec
au
s
e
it
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
lo
g
ic
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
a
way
th
at
is
in
tu
itiv
e
an
d
ea
s
y
to
f
o
llo
w.
I
t
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
u
s
er
s
an
d
d
ev
e
lo
p
er
s
alik
e
ca
n
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
h
o
w
th
e
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
in
p
u
ts
,
m
an
ag
es
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
an
d
d
eliv
e
r
s
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
id
en
tify
in
g
p
o
te
n
tial
b
o
ttlen
ec
k
s
,
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
t
o
o
l c
an
b
e
r
eliab
ly
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
a
n
d
d
e
p
lo
y
e
d
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
W
o
r
k
to
o
l f
l
o
wch
ar
t
T
h
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
th
e
f
lo
wc
h
ar
t
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
is
as:
−
First s
tep
,
tu
r
n
o
n
all
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
−
Seco
n
d
s
tag
e,
L
o
g
in
to
t
h
e
T
el
eg
r
am
ap
p
licatio
n
o
n
y
o
u
r
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
.
−
T
h
ir
d
s
tag
e,
s
en
d
a
r
eq
u
est f
o
r
a
co
o
r
d
in
ate
lin
k
to
th
e
T
eleg
r
am
b
o
t.
−
Fo
u
r
th
s
tag
e,
i
f
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
ate
lin
k
is
s
en
t,
th
en
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
co
n
tin
u
e
d
to
t
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tag
e
.
I
f
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
ate
lin
k
is
n
o
t
s
en
t,
th
en
ch
ec
k
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
an
d
r
ef
r
esh
th
e
T
eleg
r
am
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
en
l
o
g
b
ac
k
in
to
th
e
T
eleg
r
am
ap
p
licatio
n
.
S
t
a
r
t
L
o
g
i
n
T
e
l
e
g
r
a
m
Sen
d
c
o
m
m
an
d
s
t
o
t
h
e
t
e
l
e
g
r
a
m
b
o
t
C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
l
i
n
k
sen
t
?
Tr
a
c
k
e
r
s
y
st
e
m w
o
r
k
i
n
g
F
i
n
i
sh
C
h
e
c
k
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
o
m
p
u
t Sci
I
n
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2722
-
3
2
2
1
I
mp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
a
n
d
d
esig
n
o
f
GP
S
tr
a
ck
er mo
n
ito
r
in
g
s
ystem
o
n
ca
r
r
en
ta
l …
(
I
n
d
a
h
P
u
r
n
a
ma
S
a
r
i
)
219
−
Fifth
s
tag
e,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
s
a
id
to
b
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
if
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
GPS
T
r
ac
k
er
ca
n
b
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
lin
k
o
n
th
e
T
eleg
r
am
b
o
t.
−
S
ix
s
tag
e,
i
f
all
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
r
u
n
n
o
r
m
ally
as d
esire
d
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
to
o
l is d
ec
lar
ed
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
d
.
2
.
5
.
P
o
s
it
io
n a
nd
a
dv
a
nta
g
e
s
o
f
No
deM
CU
E
SP
-
32
T
h
e
No
d
eM
C
U
E
SP
-
3
2
is
a
n
ex
t
-
g
en
er
atio
n
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
o
lu
tio
n
th
at
o
f
f
er
s
W
i
-
Fi
an
d
B
lu
eto
o
th
L
o
w
E
n
er
g
y
(
B
L
E
)
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
c
h
ip
,
with
m
u
ch
l
o
wer
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
th
a
n
a
R
asp
b
er
r
y
Pi o
r
Ar
d
u
in
o
wh
en
u
s
ed
with
ad
d
itio
n
al
m
o
d
u
l
es.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
k
ey
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
th
e
E
SP
-
3
2
th
at
m
ak
e
it
s
u
p
er
io
r
a
n
d
f
ill
th
e
v
o
id
lef
t
b
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
in
clu
d
e:
−
C
o
s
t
an
d
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
:
E
SP
-
3
2
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
lo
w
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
with
d
ee
p
s
leep
m
o
d
e,
wh
ich
is
p
er
f
ec
t f
o
r
b
atter
y
-
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
p
e
r
io
d
ically
ac
t
iv
e
v
eh
icle
s
y
s
tem
s
.
−
C
lo
u
d
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
an
d
MQ
T
T
p
r
o
to
co
l:
th
a
n
k
s
to
th
e
b
u
ilt
-
i
n
W
i
-
Fi
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
,
th
e
E
SP
-
3
2
ca
n
d
ir
ec
tly
co
n
n
ec
t to
MQ
T
T
o
r
Fire
b
ase
s
er
v
er
s
with
o
u
t a
d
d
itio
n
al
m
o
d
u
les.
−
L
o
w
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
lex
ity
:
u
n
lik
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
wh
ich
r
e
q
u
ir
es
a
d
d
itio
n
al
m
o
d
u
les,
E
SP
-
3
2
in
teg
r
ates
all
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
a
s
in
g
le
b
o
ar
d
.
−
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
an
d
lib
r
ar
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t:
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
an
ex
ten
s
iv
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
r
co
m
m
u
n
ity
an
d
is
co
m
p
atib
le
with
v
ar
io
u
s
GPS
lib
r
ar
ies
(
s
u
ch
as
T
in
y
GPS++)
an
d
I
o
T
p
latf
o
r
m
s
(
s
u
ch
as
B
ly
n
k
,
T
h
in
g
s
B
o
ar
d
,
an
d
No
d
e
-
R
E
D)
.
−
Af
f
o
r
d
a
b
le
p
r
ice
an
d
co
m
p
ac
t
f
o
r
m
f
ac
to
r
:
th
e
E
SP
-
3
2
h
as
a
r
elativ
ely
lo
w
p
r
ice
an
d
s
m
aller
s
ize
th
an
th
e
R
asp
b
er
r
y
Pi,
m
ak
in
g
it id
ea
l f
o
r
v
eh
icle
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
with
s
p
ac
e
.
B
y
in
teg
r
a
tin
g
a
GPS
m
o
d
u
le
(
e.
g
.
,
Ne
o
-
6
M)
an
d
u
s
in
g
E
SP
-
3
2
as
th
e
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
th
is
ar
ticle
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
th
at
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
b
u
t
also
s
ca
lab
le,
m
o
d
u
lar
,
an
d
r
ea
d
y
to
co
n
n
ec
t
with
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
in
th
e
I
o
T
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
I
o
T
-
b
ased
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
lly
im
p
lem
en
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
No
d
eM
C
U
E
SP
-
3
2
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
co
m
b
in
atio
n
with
th
e
NE
O
-
6
M
GPS
m
o
d
u
le,
en
ab
lin
g
ac
cu
r
ate
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
v
e
h
icle
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
lo
ca
tio
n
d
ata
to
a
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
atio
n
alig
n
s
with
r
ec
en
t
ad
v
an
ce
s
in
I
o
T
-
en
ab
le
d
f
leet
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
wh
e
r
e
GPS
m
o
d
u
les
co
m
b
in
ed
with
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
an
d
ass
et
s
ec
u
r
ity
[
9
]
-
[1
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
d
ata
wer
e
v
is
u
alize
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
web
-
b
ased
in
ter
f
ac
e
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ed
v
ia
th
e
T
e
leg
r
am
ap
p
licatio
n
,
allo
win
g
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
an
d
u
s
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
f
in
d
in
g
s
th
at
u
s
er
-
f
r
i
en
d
ly
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
s
en
h
an
ce
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
in
s
m
ar
t
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
[
4
]
,
[
6
]
.
D
u
r
in
g
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
ain
tain
ed
s
tab
le
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
GPS
m
o
d
u
le
,
E
SP
-
3
2
,
a
n
d
cl
o
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
lo
ca
tio
n
u
p
d
ates
at
r
eg
u
lar
in
ter
v
als,
wh
ich
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
ch
o
s
en
h
ar
d
war
e
-
s
o
f
t
war
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
B
ey
o
n
d
b
as
ic
tr
ac
k
in
g
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
f
ea
tu
r
es
s
u
ch
as
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e,
r
o
u
te
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
an
d
m
o
b
ile
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
g
a
p
s
n
o
te
d
in
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
wh
er
e
s
y
s
tem
s
lack
ed
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
clo
u
d
in
teg
r
atio
n
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
B
y
c
o
m
b
in
i
n
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
with
e
n
er
g
y
-
ef
f
i
cien
t
h
ar
d
war
e
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
to
o
v
er
co
m
in
g
cr
itical
ch
allen
g
es
in
th
e
v
eh
icle
r
en
tal
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
ef
t
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
,
m
is
u
s
e
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
,
an
d
co
s
t
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
wh
ile
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
b
r
o
a
d
er
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
ce
f
o
r
lo
g
is
tics
an
d
s
m
ar
t c
ity
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
[
1
4
]
-
[
17
]
.
3
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
f
un
ct
io
na
lity
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
au
t
o
m
atica
lly
:
r
etr
iev
e
lo
ca
tio
n
c
o
o
r
d
in
ate
d
ata
(
lo
n
g
itu
d
e
an
d
latitu
d
e)
,
s
en
d
d
ata
p
er
io
d
ically
ev
er
y
1
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
v
ia
a
W
i
-
Fi
n
etwo
r
k
,
d
is
p
lay
v
eh
icle
lo
ca
tio
n
o
n
a
d
ig
ital
m
ap
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
teg
r
atio
n
with
th
e
Go
o
g
le
Ma
p
s
API
,
s
av
e
h
is
to
r
ical
v
eh
icle
lo
ca
tio
n
d
ata
to
a
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
d
atab
ase
(
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
)
.
T
esti
n
g
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
p
lacin
g
th
e
d
ev
ice
o
n
a
v
e
h
icle
m
o
v
in
g
o
n
a
ce
r
tain
r
o
u
t
e
alo
n
g
±
1
0
k
m
in
an
u
r
b
a
n
ar
ea
[1
3
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
th
e
GPS
T
r
ac
k
e
r
a
u
t
o
m
at
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
o
n
au
t
o
m
o
ti
v
e
v
e
h
i
cles
b
as
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
I
o
T
u
s
i
n
g
No
d
ei
MCUi
E
iSP
-
3
2
,
it
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
I
DE
.
T
h
e
GPS
t
r
ac
k
er
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
b
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
i
n
p
u
t
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
s
c
r
i
p
t
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
wi
r
i
n
g
d
e
s
i
g
n
c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
I
n
t
h
e
GPS
T
r
a
ck
e
r
s
y
s
te
m
t
esti
n
g
,
t
h
e
a
p
p
lic
ati
o
n
m
e
d
i
a
f
r
o
m
B
o
t
T
eil
ei
g
r
a
m
is
u
s
ed
as a
n
i
n
t
er
f
ac
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
em
to
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
.
I
n
T
el
eg
r
a
m
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
c
o
m
m
a
n
d
s
t
h
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
e
x
e
cu
te
d
f
ir
s
t
t
o
tu
r
n
o
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Fi
r
s
t
,
y
o
u
m
u
s
t
s
en
d
t
h
e
co
m
m
a
n
d
“
/s
t
ar
t
”
t
o
t
h
e
T
el
eg
r
am
b
o
t
w
h
ic
h
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
t
o
c
o
n
n
ec
t
th
e
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
t
o
t
h
e
d
e
v
i
ce
.
T
h
e
n
,
th
e
b
o
t
w
ill
s
e
n
d
a
m
ess
a
g
e
c
o
n
ta
in
in
g
“
co
m
m
a
n
d
/t
r
ac
k
”
an
d
th
e
c
o
m
m
a
n
d
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
e
n
t
b
a
ck
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
t
o
th
e
b
o
t.
A
f
te
r
t
h
at
,
th
e
b
o
t
wil
l
s
e
n
d
a
m
ess
a
g
e
b
a
ck
wi
th
a
li
n
k
co
n
t
ai
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
o
r
d
in
ate
p
o
i
n
ts
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
GPS
t
r
a
c
k
e
r
an
d
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
ca
n
f
i
n
d
o
u
t
t
h
e
l
o
ca
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
v
i
ce
i
n
r
e
al
tim
e,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
-
3
2
2
1
C
o
m
p
u
t Sci
I
n
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
ly
20
26
:
214
-
2
2
3
220
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
s
y
s
tem
wir
in
g
d
esig
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
ele
g
r
am
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
b
o
t
v
iew
I
n
m
o
d
e
r
n
I
o
T
-
b
ased
f
leet
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
v
is
u
alize
lo
ca
tio
n
d
ata
in
r
ea
l
tim
e
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
en
s
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
ass
et
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
s
o
f
ten
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
aw
co
o
r
d
in
ate
o
u
tp
u
ts
th
at
ar
e
d
if
f
icu
lt
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
to
in
ter
p
r
et
wit
h
o
u
t
in
te
g
r
atio
n
i
n
to
m
a
p
p
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
co
m
b
in
in
g
GPS m
o
d
u
les
with
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
to
o
ls
s
u
ch
as
Go
o
g
le
Ma
p
s
,
wh
ich
en
a
b
le
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
in
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
an
d
r
en
tal
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
[
9
]
-
[1
1
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
s
,
m
an
y
ex
is
tin
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
s
til
l
f
ac
e
ch
allen
g
es
r
elate
d
to
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
h
ar
d
war
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
an
d
lim
ited
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
i
n
ter
f
ac
es
[
4
]
,
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
in
th
is
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tu
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y
ad
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ess
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n
s
b
y
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atin
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-
6
M
GPS
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le
with
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eM
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2
m
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ata
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an
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v
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s
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d
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iew
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ap
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es
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t
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ce
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s
ab
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n
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ter
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r
ep
r
e
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tatio
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o
f
v
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o
v
em
e
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t.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
t
h
e
t
est
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esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
th
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y
s
tem
d
eliv
er
s
tim
ely
u
p
d
ates
an
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s
tab
le
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
v
alid
atin
g
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
as
a
m
o
d
er
n
I
o
T
-
b
ased
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
r
en
tal
v
eh
icle
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
[
20
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
o
m
p
u
t Sci
I
n
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2722
-
3
2
2
1
I
mp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
a
n
d
d
esig
n
o
f
GP
S
tr
a
ck
er mo
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ystem
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r
r
en
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(
I
n
d
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h
P
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ma
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221
T
h
e
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GPS
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ata
ac
q
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ts
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at
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ates
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p
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is
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m
ar
t
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s
p
o
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tatio
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,
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d
u
r
b
a
n
m
o
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ilit
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s
o
lu
tio
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s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
B
o
t T
eleg
r
am
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
v
iew
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
esig
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ed
an
d
im
p
lem
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ted
an
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o
T
-
b
ased
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
r
e
n
tal
v
eh
icles
u
s
in
g
th
e
No
d
eM
C
U
E
SP
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3
2
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
t
h
e
NE
O
-
6
M
GPS
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
ates
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
s
o
f
twar
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co
m
p
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en
ts
to
p
r
o
v
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ac
cu
r
ate,
r
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al
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tim
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m
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v
eh
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ca
tio
n
,
with
d
ata
tr
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s
m
itted
v
ia
W
i
-
Fi
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d
v
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alize
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th
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o
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g
h
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clo
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d
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ased
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ter
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ap
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licatio
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a
s
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e
u
s
er
in
te
r
f
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e
f
f
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allo
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s
to
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ter
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s
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im
p
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m
an
d
s
s
u
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to
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o
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n
r
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t
h
e
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o
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ated
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lin
k
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r
d
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ates,
w
h
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co
u
ld
b
e
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ed
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ir
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tly
in
Go
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g
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Ma
p
s
to
d
is
p
lay
th
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p
r
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is
e
lo
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tio
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o
f
th
e
v
eh
icl
e.
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h
e
test
in
g
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
th
at
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
e
r
ates
r
eliab
ly
,
d
eliv
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r
in
g
lo
c
atio
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u
p
d
ates
at
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eg
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lar
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te
r
v
als
an
d
m
ain
tain
in
g
s
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le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
a
tio
n
o
f
E
SP
-
3
2
en
s
u
r
e
d
lo
w
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
r
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u
ce
d
s
y
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tem
co
m
p
lex
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ty
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
tr
a
d
itio
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al
Ar
d
u
in
o
o
r
R
asp
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er
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Pi
s
o
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tio
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s
,
wh
ile
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
en
h
an
ce
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
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cy
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
GPS
tr
ac
k
er
s
y
s
tem
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
te
n
tial
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a
co
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t
-
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f
ec
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an
d
s
ca
lab
le
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o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
v
eh
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cle
r
en
tal
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
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t
im
p
r
o
v
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ass
et
s
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u
r
ity
,
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e
d
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ce
s
r
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k
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m
is
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s
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o
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t
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a
n
d
s
u
p
p
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ts
d
ata
-
d
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n
d
e
cisi
o
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
h
is
to
r
ical
r
o
u
te
an
aly
s
is
.
B
ey
o
n
d
r
en
tal
ap
p
licatio
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s
,
th
e
s
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s
tem
ca
n
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e
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ap
te
d
f
o
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b
r
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d
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m
a
n
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em
e
n
t,
lo
g
is
tics
,
an
d
s
m
ar
t
tr
an
s
p
o
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tatio
n
i
n
itiativ
es,
h
ig
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lig
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it
s
r
elev
an
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with
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th
e
g
r
o
win
g
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o
s
y
s
tem
o
f
I
o
T
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b
ased
m
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n
ito
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tech
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ies.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
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M
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We
wo
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to
ex
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r
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Un
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Mu
h
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m
ater
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an
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th
e
L
PP
M
o
f
th
e
Un
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s
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Mu
h
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ad
iy
a
h
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m
ater
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Utar
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wh
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p
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ted
th
e
r
ese
ar
ch
an
d
p
u
b
licatio
n
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
-
3
2
2
1
C
o
m
p
u
t Sci
I
n
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
ly
20
26
:
214
-
2
2
3
222
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
L.
A
t
z
o
r
i
,
A
.
I
e
r
a
,
a
n
d
G
.
M
o
r
a
b
i
t
o
,
“
Th
e
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s:
a
su
r
v
e
y
,
”
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
N
e
t
w
o
rks
,
v
o
l
.
5
4
,
n
o
.
1
5
,
p
p
.
2
7
8
7
–
2
8
0
5
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
c
o
mn
e
t
.
2
0
1
0
.
0
5
.
0
1
0
.
[
2
]
M
.
S
t
o
y
a
n
o
v
a
,
Y
.
N
i
k
o
l
o
u
d
a
k
i
s,
S
.
P
a
n
a
g
i
o
t
a
k
i
s,
E.
P
a
l
l
i
s
,
a
n
d
E.
K
.
M
a
r
k
a
k
i
s
,
“
A
S
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T)
f
o
r
e
n
si
c
s
:
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s,
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s,
a
n
d
o
p
e
n
i
ss
u
e
s,
”
I
E
EE
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
S
u
r
v
e
y
s
&
T
u
t
o
r
i
a
l
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
1
–
1
2
2
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
C
O
M
S
T.
2
0
1
9
.
2
9
6
2
5
8
6
.
[
3
]
D
.
C
.
M
a
h
e
n
d
r
a
,
T.
S
u
sy
a
n
t
o
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
i
sw
a
n
t
i
,
“
A
c
a
r
r
e
n
t
a
l
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
s
y
st
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m
u
si
n
g
a
G
P
S
t
r
a
c
k
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r
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”
(
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
n
)
,
J
u
rn
a
l
I
l
m
i
a
h
S
I
N
U
S
(
J
I
S
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
7
–
4
6
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
0
6
4
6
/
si
n
u
s.
v
1
6
i
2
.
3
5
7
.
[
4
]
M
.
Y
a
k
u
b
j
a
n
o
v
a
,
“
Y
o
u
t
h
M
e
d
i
a
C
u
l
t
u
r
e
P
r
o
b
l
e
ms
a
n
d
S
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
T
re
n
d
i
n
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
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c
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
(
I
J
T
S
RD
)
,
S
p
e
c
i
a
l
I
ssu
e
:
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
D
e
v
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l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
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M
o
d
e
r
n
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
,
p
p
.
1
2
4
–
1
2
5
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
1
.
[
5
]
E.
D
a
n
i
e
l
a
n
d
N
.
A
.
V
a
sa
n
t
h
i
,
“
ES
-
D
A
S
:
A
n
E
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
a
n
d
S
e
c
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r
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D
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a
mi
c
A
u
d
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t
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h
e
me
f
o
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D
a
t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.