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m
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[
1
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.
W
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co
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m
p
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eq
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[
2
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.
P
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[
1
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,
[
2
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.
I
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w
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cr
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f
o
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p
tim
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p
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f
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m
a
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ce
[
3
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,
[
4
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.
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m
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.
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t
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[
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.
T
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Usi
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F
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365
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[
6
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A
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tif
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w
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s
(
AN
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n
i
n
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o
n
i
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p
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t
–
o
u
tp
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d
ata
[
7
]
.
Op
tim
izat
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g
o
r
it
h
m
s
p
la
y
a
cr
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cia
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r
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le
in
th
i
s
p
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s
s
b
y
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to
m
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n
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t
h
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s
e
ar
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f
o
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h
e
o
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ti
m
al
P
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p
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s
.
T
h
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alg
o
r
ith
m
s
lev
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a
g
e
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
to
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ativ
el
y
ex
p
lo
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th
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th
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b
est
co
n
tr
o
l
p
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f
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m
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n
ce
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
Su
ch
ap
p
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av
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p
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e
n
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f
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y
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m
s
tab
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it
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s
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m
a
k
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n
d
is
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s
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to
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o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
en
g
i
n
ee
r
s
[
1
0
]
-
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
u
n
s
tab
le
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
/d
is
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
b
atter
y
li
f
esp
a
n
d
u
e
to
s
tr
ess
f
r
o
m
o
s
cillatio
n
s
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
ce
d
en
er
g
y
-
tr
an
s
f
er
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
.
So
,
t
h
e
ai
m
i
s
to
f
in
d
t
h
e
o
p
tim
a
l
p
ar
a
m
eter
f
o
r
P
I
Ds
th
at
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
a
b
i
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
l,
T
h
e
f
itn
e
s
s
f
u
n
c
tio
n
(
a
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
f
u
n
c
tio
n
t
h
at
q
u
a
n
ti
f
ie
s
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
a
p
ar
tic
u
lar
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
r
ca
n
d
id
ate
s
o
lu
tio
n
w
it
h
i
n
a
s
ea
r
ch
s
p
ac
e)
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
er
r
o
r
in
d
ices
is
in
te
g
r
ate
ti
m
e
ab
s
o
lu
t
er
r
o
r
(
I
T
A
E
)
s
tat
a
s
f
it
n
es
s
f
u
n
c
tio
n
to
m
in
i
m
ize
b
y
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
m
in
i
m
u
m
er
r
o
r
an
d
s
u
g
g
es
ti
o
n
th
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
P
I
Ds co
n
tr
o
ller
th
at
s
i
m
u
la
ted
f
o
r
ea
ch
r
u
n
,
it c
alc
u
late
s
t
h
e
I
T
A
E
.
I
n
(
1
)
ex
p
r
ess
I
T
A
E
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
:
(
)
=
∫
|
(
)
|
0
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
(
|
(
)
|
)
is
th
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
er
r
o
r
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
s
etp
o
in
t a
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
v
ar
iab
le
at
ti
m
e
t
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
O
P
T
I
M
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N
AL
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
S
T
h
e
o
s
p
r
ey
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
OO
A
)
-
b
ased
P
I
D
is
u
s
e
d
,
an
d
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
ch
i
m
p
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
(
Ch
O
A
)
-
b
ased
P
I
D,
h
o
n
e
y
b
ad
g
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
HB
A
)
-
b
ased
P
I
D,
ze
b
r
a
o
p
tim
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
Z
O
A
)
-
b
ased
P
I
D,
an
d
ch
ee
tah
o
p
tim
izat
io
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
(
CO
A
)
-
b
ased
P
I
D.
A
ll
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
as f
o
l
lo
w
:
2
.
1
.
Chi
m
p
o
pti
m
iza
t
io
n a
lg
o
rit
h
m
Ch
O
A
w
as
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
t
h
e
u
n
iq
u
e
in
telli
g
en
c
e
an
d
s
e
x
u
al
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
o
f
c
h
i
m
p
an
ze
e
s
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
o
th
er
s
o
cia
l
p
r
ed
ato
r
s
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
h
u
n
t
i
n
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
is
t
y
p
e
of
s
o
ciet
y
i
s
o
n
e
in
w
h
ic
h
m
e
m
b
er
s
tr
av
e
l
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
o
v
er
ti
m
e,
a
n
d
t
h
e
co
lo
n
y
's
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
r
s
ize
f
l
u
ct
u
ates.
T
h
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
co
n
ce
p
t
is
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
in
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
ese
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
,
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
c
h
i
m
p
s
s
ep
ar
atel
y
u
s
e
s
its
s
tr
ate
g
y
to
tr
y
to
d
is
co
v
er
th
e
s
ea
r
c
h
s
p
ac
e
.
C
h
i
m
p
a
n
ze
es
i
n
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
v
ar
y
i
n
in
telli
g
e
n
ce
an
d
s
k
i
ll
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
m
a
th
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
C
h
O
A
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
f
lo
w
s
d
r
i
v
in
g
a
n
d
ch
asi
n
g
th
e
p
r
e
y
(
2
)
an
d
(
3
)
ar
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
as a
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
c
h
asi
n
g
an
d
d
r
iv
in
g
th
e
p
r
e
y
.
=
|
(
)
−
ℎ
(
)
|
(
2
)
ℎ
(
+
1
)
=
(
)
−
.
(
3
)
W
h
e
r
e
i
s
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
t
e
r
at
i
o
n
,
i
s
p
r
ey
v
e
ct
o
r
,
ℎ
i
s
c
h
im
p
v
e
c
t
o
r
,
a
n
d
a
n
d
a
r
e
c
o
e
f
f
i
ci
en
t
v
e
c
t
o
r
.
In
(
4
)
an
d
(
5
)
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ca
lc
u
late
t
h
e
a
n
d
v
ec
to
r
s
,
r
esp
ec
t
iv
el
y
.
=
2
1
−
(
4
)
=
2
2
(
5
)
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
i
t
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
r
e
d
u
c
e
s
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
a
r
l
y
f
r
o
m
2
.
5
t
o
0
;
a
n
d
1
a
n
d
2
a
r
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
v
e
c
t
o
r
s
r
a
n
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
0
t
o
1
.
2
.
2
.
H
o
ney
ba
dg
er
a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
T
h
e
HB
A
is
a
n
e
w
m
e
ta
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
w
a
s
cr
ea
ted
to
m
at
h
e
m
a
ticall
y
d
e
v
elo
p
a
s
ea
r
ch
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
w
o
r
k
s
w
e
ll
f
o
r
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
I
t
to
o
k
in
s
p
ir
atio
n
f
r
o
m
h
o
n
e
y
b
ad
g
e
r
s
'
i
n
g
en
io
u
s
f
o
r
ag
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es.
Di
g
g
in
g
an
d
h
o
n
e
y
lo
ca
tin
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
an
d
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
s
ta
g
es
o
f
HB
A
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
ea
r
ch
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
b
ad
g
er
s
[
1
7
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
Fo
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
HB
A
m
at
h
e
m
a
ticall
y
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
T
h
e
i
n
i
t
i
al
i
z
at
i
o
n
p
h
as
e
,
b
as
e
d
o
n
(
6
)
,
s
t
a
r
t
s
w
i
th
s
e
t
tin
g
th
e
h
o
n
ey
b
a
d
g
e
r
s
'
p
l
ac
em
en
ts
an
d
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
z
e
(
N
)
.
=
+
1
(
−
)
(
6
)
W
h
er
e
is
h
p
o
s
itio
n
,
1
is
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
er
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
,
an
d
an
d
ar
e
lo
w
er
an
d
u
p
p
er
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies.
I
n
ten
s
it
y
d
e
f
in
i
tio
n
:
i
n
ten
s
it
y
is
co
r
r
elate
d
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
e
y
'
s
l
ev
el
o
f
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
d
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
it
a
n
d
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
b
ad
g
er
.
T
h
e
p
r
ey
's
s
m
el
l
i
n
te
n
s
it
y
i
s
(
)
.
Up
d
atin
g
t
h
e
d
en
s
it
y
f
ac
to
r
to
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
l
y
202
6
:
364
-
3
7
2
366
an
u
n
i
n
ter
r
u
p
ted
tr
an
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
e
x
p
lo
r
ati
o
n
to
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
,
th
e
d
e
n
s
it
y
f
ac
to
r
(
δ)
r
eg
u
lates
ti
m
e
-
v
ar
y
in
g
r
an
d
o
m
n
e
s
s
.
Us
in
g
(
7
)
,
m
o
d
i
f
y
(
δ)
th
at
d
r
o
p
s
o
v
er
iter
atio
n
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
r
an
d
o
m
n
ess
o
v
er
ti
m
e.
=
×
(
)
(
7
)
W
h
er
e
is
iter
atio
n
co
u
n
ter
,
is
m
ax
.
I
ter
atio
n
,
a
n
d
is
co
n
s
ta
n
t b
y
d
e
f
au
l
t sit
i
n
g
=2
,
(
≥
1
)
.
Ag
e
n
t
p
o
s
itio
n
s
u
p
d
ate:
t
h
e
H
B
A
p
o
s
itio
n
u
p
d
atin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
h
as
t
w
o
s
ta
g
es
:
t
h
e
"
d
ig
g
i
n
g
p
h
ase"
an
d
th
e
"
h
o
n
e
y
p
h
ase"
(
x
).
2
.
3
.
Cheet
a
h
o
pti
m
iza
t
io
n a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
k
n
o
w
n
as
t
h
e
ch
ee
tah
o
p
ti
m
izer
is
in
s
p
ir
ed
b
y
n
at
u
r
e,
is
in
s
p
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
h
u
n
tin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
o
f
c
h
ee
ta
h
s
.
C
h
ee
t
ah
s
t
y
p
icall
y
e
m
p
lo
y
th
r
ee
b
a
s
ic
s
tr
ate
g
ie
s
to
ca
tc
h
p
r
e
y
:
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
,
w
ait
in
g
,
an
d
attac
k
i
n
g
.
C
O
A
u
s
es
ce
r
t
ain
s
i
m
p
le
tec
h
n
iq
u
es,
a
n
d
th
e
h
u
n
ti
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
s
as
s
is
t
in
m
ak
in
g
t
h
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
t,
s
u
ch
as
s
it
tin
g
an
d
w
a
iti
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
e
y
to
b
ec
o
m
e
av
ai
lab
le,
r
etu
r
n
in
g
h
o
m
e
i
f
th
e
h
u
n
ti
n
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
u
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l,
a
n
d
r
etu
r
n
i
n
g
to
th
e
last
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
h
u
n
t
i
f
t
h
e
p
r
e
y
is
n
'
t
lo
ca
t
ed
f
o
r
a
w
h
i
le
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
Ma
th
em
at
ical
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Sear
ch
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tr
ateg
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ep
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es f
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iate
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h
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ep
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es
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ted
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8
)
:
+
1
=
+
−
1
.
(
8
)
w
h
er
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,
is
in
d
icate
s
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
co
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g
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r
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icate
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t
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n
e
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g
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r
atio
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e
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d
p
ar
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eter
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n
d
is
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h
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d
o
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f
t
h
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s
tep
w
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l
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e
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lcu
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y
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9
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f
o
r
th
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1
0
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f
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th
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ee
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ch
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in
t
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p
.
=
0
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001
×
×
(
−
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(
9
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=
0
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001
×
×
(
−
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(
1
0
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W
h
e
r
e
a
n
d
r
e
p
r
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s
en
t
u
p
p
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r
a
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l
o
w
e
r
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
,
is
in
d
i
c
at
e
s
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
h
u
n
t
in
g
tim
e
,
an
d
is
m
ax
i
m
u
m
tim
e
o
f
h
u
n
ti
n
g
.
S
i
tti
n
g
-
an
d
-
w
a
it
in
g
s
t
r
a
t
eg
y
,
ch
e
eta
h
c
an
h
u
n
t
q
u
i
ck
ly
.
T
h
en
th
ey
b
e
g
in
th
ei
r
a
t
t
ac
k
.
2
.
4
.
Z
e
bra
o
pti
m
iza
t
io
n a
lg
o
rit
h
m
T
h
e
ac
tiv
it
y
o
f
ze
b
r
as
in
n
atu
r
e
s
er
v
es
as
its
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
i
n
s
p
ir
atio
n
.
Z
O
A
s
i
m
u
late
s
ze
b
r
as'
f
ee
d
in
g
h
ab
its
a
n
d
th
eir
d
ef
e
n
s
e
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
ag
ai
n
s
t
attac
k
s
f
r
o
m
p
r
ed
ato
r
s
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
f
o
r
ag
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
a
p
io
n
ee
r
ze
b
r
a
cr
ea
tes
a
p
ath
f
o
r
o
th
er
ze
b
r
as
to
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
e
f
o
o
d
s
o
u
r
c
e.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
as
th
e
h
er
d
m
o
v
es
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
p
lain
s
,
t
h
is
p
io
n
ee
r
ze
b
r
a
lead
s
th
e
o
t
h
er
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
li
n
e
o
f
d
ef
en
s
e
f
o
r
ze
b
r
as
ag
ai
n
s
t
p
r
e
d
ato
r
s
is
to
f
lee
in
a
zig
za
g
m
a
n
n
er
[
2
3
]
.
Ma
th
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
elli
n
g
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
A
m
atr
i
x
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
m
a
th
e
m
atica
ll
y
m
o
d
el
t
h
e
ze
b
r
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
ze
b
r
as
ar
e
p
lace
d
at
r
an
d
o
m
in
t
h
e
s
ea
r
c
h
s
p
ac
e
a
t
th
e
b
eg
i
n
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ca
n
b
e
ass
e
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
es
ted
v
alu
e
s
o
f
ea
c
h
ze
b
r
a
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
v
ar
iab
les.
I
n
m
in
i
m
iza
tio
n
p
r
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b
lem
s
,
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
ca
n
d
id
ate
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
th
e
ze
b
r
a
w
i
th
t
h
e
lo
w
est
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
v
al
u
e.
T
w
o
o
f
th
e
ze
b
r
as'
n
o
r
m
al
n
at
u
r
al
b
eh
av
io
r
s
—
f
o
r
a
g
in
g
an
d
d
ef
en
s
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
—
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
let
Z
O
A
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
.
In
(
1
1
)
an
d
(
1
2
)
allo
w
f
o
r
th
e
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
eli
n
g
o
f
u
p
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atin
g
ze
b
r
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p
o
s
itio
n
s
d
u
r
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h
e
f
o
r
ag
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g
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er
io
d
.
,
,
1
=
,
+
.
(
−
×
)
(
1
1
)
=
{
,
1
,
1
<
(
1
2
)
w
h
er
e
,
1
is
ℎ
ze
b
r
a
n
e
w
s
tat
u
s
at
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
,
,
,
1
is
ℎ
d
im
e
n
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io
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alu
e
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,
1
is
o
b
j
ec
tiv
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f
u
n
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n
v
al
u
e
,
is
p
io
n
ee
r
ze
b
r
a
(
b
est
m
e
m
b
er
)
j
th
d
im
e
n
s
i
o
n
,
is
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
er
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
,
=
(
1
+
)
,
∈
(
1
,
2
)
,
an
d
r
an
d
is
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
er
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
.
2
.
5
.
O
s
prey
o
pti
m
iza
t
io
n a
lg
o
rit
h
m
I
t
m
i
m
ic
s
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
o
s
p
r
ey
s
in
th
e
w
ild
.
An
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e
n
atu
r
al
b
eh
av
io
r
th
at
ca
n
b
e
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
n
o
v
el
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
th
e
o
s
p
r
e
y
'
s
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
f
is
h
an
d
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tin
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
Usi
n
g
OOA
-
b
a
s
ed
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
a
l
-
in
teg
r
a
l
-
d
eriva
tive
co
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o
ll
er to
en
h
a
n
ce
…
(
Ha
s
s
a
n
in
F
a
la
h
A
b
d
u
l H
a
s
s
a
n
)
367
th
e
m
to
a
s
u
itab
le
p
lace
f
o
r
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
s
tag
e
s
o
f
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
an
d
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
t
h
at
m
a
k
e
u
p
OO
A'
s
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
el
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
a
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
o
s
p
r
ey
s
'
ac
t
u
al
h
u
n
t
in
g
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
eli
n
g
as f
o
ll
o
w
:
An
u
n
d
er
w
ater
f
i
s
h
is
an
o
s
p
r
ey
's
lo
ca
tio
n
in
t
h
e
s
ea
r
c
h
s
p
ac
e
in
r
e
latio
n
to
o
th
er
o
s
p
r
ey
s
w
it
h
h
ig
h
er
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
v
al
u
es.
A
p
p
l
y
in
g
(
13
)
,
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
f
is
h
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
s
p
r
e
y
is
d
ef
in
ed
:
=
{
|
∈
{
1
,
2
,
…
,
}
∧
<
}
∪
{
}
(
1
3
)
w
h
er
e
is
it
h
o
s
p
r
e
y
s
et
o
f
f
i
s
h
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
is
b
est o
s
p
r
ey
p
o
s
itio
n
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
o
s
p
r
e
y
's
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
th
e
f
is
h
,
th
e
(
14
)
is
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
a
n
e
w
p
o
s
itio
n
f
o
r
th
e
m
atc
h
i
n
g
o
s
p
r
e
y
:
1
=
+
.
(
−
.
)
1
=
{
1
≤
1
≤
,
1
<
,
1
>
(
1
4
)
w
h
er
e
1
is
ℎ
o
s
p
r
ey
n
e
w
p
o
s
itio
n
o
n
t
h
e
1
st
p
h
ase
,
1
is
p
o
s
itio
n
in
j
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
,
1
is
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
is
s
elec
ted
f
is
h
b
y
ℎ
o
s
p
r
ey
i
n
ℎ
d
i
m
i
n
u
t
i
o
n
,
is
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
er
b
et
w
e
en
0
a
n
d
1
,
an
d
is
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
er
b
etw
ee
n
1
an
d
2
.
3.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
3
.
1
.
Cla
s
s
ica
l
pro
po
rt
io
na
l
-
i
nte
g
ra
l
-
deriv
a
t
iv
e
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
n
ec
ted
,
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
w
as
test
ed
i
n
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
a
n
d
i
n
b
atter
y
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
m
o
d
e,
b
o
th
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
n
d
w
i
th
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
r
es
u
lts
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
f
iv
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
(
C
h
O
A
,
HB
A
,
OO
A
,
C
O,
a
n
d
Z
O
A
)
f
o
r
t
u
n
in
g
th
e
P
I
D
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
b
u
ck
–
b
o
o
s
t
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
lo
ad
s
id
e,
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
p
r
es
en
ts
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
o
f
th
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
o
v
er
a
1
-
s
ec
o
n
d
d
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
is
f
ig
u
r
e
ill
u
s
tr
ates
th
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
a
n
d
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
o
u
tp
u
t
s
(
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t,
an
d
p
o
w
er
)
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
s
2
(
a)
–
(
c
)
,
u
n
d
er
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
co
n
s
ta
n
t
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e)
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
lis
ted
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
ex
h
ib
it
s
h
ig
h
o
s
cillat
io
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
S
y
s
te
m
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
G
a
t
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
l
y
202
6
:
364
-
3
7
2
368
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
V
o
u
tp
u
t; (
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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o
n
f
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g
u
r
ab
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&
E
m
b
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I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
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u
r
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ith
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s
te
m
,
w
h
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h
is
l
is
ted
in
T
ab
le
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
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g
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1
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