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r
e
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
ce
r
tain
r
estrictio
n
s
ev
e
n
i
f
th
ese
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
ap
p
lied
to
a
ch
iev
e
m
u
lti
-
b
a
n
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
I
SM
b
an
d
s
.
Fo
r
an
in
s
tan
ce
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
u
lt
i
-
b
a
n
d
f
u
n
ct
io
n
in
g
,
ce
r
tain
an
te
n
n
as
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ar
ea
an
d
/o
r
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es.
I
n
a
s
i
m
ilar
v
ei
n
,
s
o
m
e
an
te
n
n
a
s
ac
h
ie
v
e
co
m
p
ac
t
la
y
o
u
ts
at
t
h
e
ex
p
en
s
e
o
f
t
h
eir
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
g
ai
n
.
A
d
d
itio
n
a
ll
y
,
ev
e
n
i
f
s
o
m
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
o
n
an
te
n
n
a
b
an
d
w
id
th
i
n
cr
ea
s
e,
th
e
r
ad
iatio
n
s
tab
ili
t
y
a
n
d
an
te
n
n
a
m
atc
h
i
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
t
w
o
I
SM
b
an
d
s
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
r
ec
eiv
ed
e
n
o
u
g
h
atte
n
tio
n
.
F
u
tu
r
e
r
esea
r
ch
f
o
r
I
o
T
an
d
W
B
A
N
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
t
h
e
ev
alu
at
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
S
AR
an
d
t
h
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
w
i
th
t
h
e
h
u
m
a
n
b
o
d
y
,
as t
h
e
s
e
to
p
ics h
av
e
n
o
t r
ec
eiv
ed
e
n
o
u
g
h
atte
n
t
io
n
in
t
h
e
liter
at
u
r
e
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
as
m
u
s
t a
ls
o
f
u
l
f
i
l a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
r
eq
u
i
r
e
m
en
t
s
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
m
ee
t th
e
d
e
m
an
d
s
o
f
co
n
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
I
o
T
,
W
SN,
an
d
W
B
A
N
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
T
h
ese
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
i
n
clu
d
e
p
h
y
s
ical
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
s
i
m
p
le
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
,
h
ig
h
b
atter
y
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
,
g
ai
n
f
o
r
co
n
n
ec
tiv
it
y
,
s
tab
ili
t
y
f
o
r
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
at
2
.
4
GH
z
an
d
5
.
8
GHz
,
an
d
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
i
n
te
r
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
s
a
f
e
el
ec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e.
Desi
g
n
i
n
g
a
n
a
n
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
all
t
h
ese
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
in
a
s
tr
ai
g
h
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
p
lan
ar
s
h
ap
e
is
s
till
d
i
f
f
icu
l
t,
th
o
u
g
h
.
W
h
ile
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
-
e
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es c
an
r
aise
th
e
an
ten
n
a
'
s
to
tal
co
s
t a
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
s
ize
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
o
w
n
s
izi
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
f
r
eq
u
en
tl
y
r
es
u
lt
s
i
n
a
f
all
i
n
g
ain
a
n
d
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
Du
e
to
d
etu
n
i
n
g
an
d
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
,
th
e
d
esi
g
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
w
it
h
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
b
o
d
y
w
ill
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ch
allen
g
e
s
.
T
h
er
e
is
s
till
a
g
r
ea
t
n
ee
d
f
o
r
an
o
p
tim
ized
an
te
n
n
a
d
esig
n
t
h
at
s
a
tis
f
ies
ev
er
y
n
ee
d
f
o
r
th
e
u
p
co
m
in
g
g
en
er
at
io
n
o
f
w
ir
ele
s
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
clea
r
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
r
esear
ch
g
ap
in
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
a
s
m
all,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
l
y
s
tr
aig
h
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
an
ten
n
a
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
g
ai
n
w
h
ile
g
u
ar
an
teei
n
g
S
A
R
s
a
f
et
y
f
o
r
b
o
d
y
-
ce
n
tr
ic
an
d
I
o
T
-
b
ased
w
ir
ele
s
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
3
]
.
Fo
r
W
L
AN,
I
o
T
,
W
SN,
an
d
W
B
A
N
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
f
er
s
a
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
an
d
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
an
te
n
n
a
la
y
o
u
t
[
1
4
]
–
[
1
7
]
.
Flex
ib
ilit
y
a
n
d
SAR
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
ar
e
cr
itical
d
esig
n
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
an
ten
n
as
u
tili
ze
d
in
I
SM
b
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
f
o
r
w
ea
r
ab
le
a
n
d
h
u
m
a
n
-
ce
n
tr
ic
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
s
u
ch
as
W
B
A
N
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
f
le
x
ib
le
a
n
ten
n
a
s
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
f
u
n
cti
o
n
in
co
n
te
x
t
s
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
d
e
f
o
r
m
s
u
n
d
er
s
p
ec
if
ic
cir
cu
m
s
ta
n
ce
s
as
w
ell
as
o
n
cu
r
v
ed
s
u
r
f
ac
e
s
.
W
ir
eles
s
an
te
n
n
a
s
f
o
r
f
le
x
ib
le
a
n
d
h
u
m
an
-
ce
n
tr
ic
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
u
n
cti
o
n
in
clo
s
e
p
r
o
x
i
m
it
y
to
th
e
h
u
m
an
b
o
d
y
.
I
n
th
is
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
th
e
b
o
d
y
's
tis
s
u
e
s
w
ill
ab
s
o
r
b
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
et
ic
en
er
g
y
th
at
is
co
n
v
e
y
e
d
[
1
9
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
ass
es
s
i
n
g
th
e
S
AR
b
ec
o
m
e
s
cr
u
cial
to
g
u
ar
an
teei
n
g
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
it
y
o
f
w
ir
e
less
an
te
n
n
as
u
til
ized
f
o
r
I
SM
b
an
d
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
S
AR
ev
al
u
atio
n
c
r
iter
ia
d
u
r
in
g
a
n
te
n
n
a
d
esi
g
n
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
e
s
a
f
et
y
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
w
ir
eles
s
an
ten
n
a
s
u
s
ed
in
I
SM
b
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
A
d
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
en
h
an
ce
d
a
n
ten
n
a
at
4
.
9
GHz
an
d
6
.
7
GHz
h
as
b
ee
n
d
is
co
v
er
ed
to
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
n
ec
t
iv
i
t
y
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tly
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
2
.
4
GHz
I
SM
b
an
d
,
w
h
ic
h
is
o
f
te
n
u
til
ized
,
an
d
m
a
y
also
h
av
e
d
o
w
n
s
izi
n
g
co
n
ce
r
n
s
f
o
r
I
o
T
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ad
d
r
ess
b
an
d
co
n
g
est
io
n
,
a
w
id
eb
an
d
tr
ia
n
g
u
lar
an
ten
n
a
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
o
r
2
.
3
1
-
4
.
4
2
GHz
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
s
lo
tti
n
g
;
n
e
v
er
t
h
eles
s
,
t
h
ese
w
id
eb
an
d
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
m
a
y
p
o
ten
tiall
y
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
w
ith
s
elec
ti
v
it
y
a
n
d
p
o
ten
tial
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
f
r
o
m
n
ea
r
b
y
b
an
d
s
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
o
f
f
er
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
g
a
in
a
n
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
an
d
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
at
1
.
7
-
2
.
5
GHz
an
d
5
.
4
-
5
.
9
GHz
b
an
d
s
w
h
e
n
th
r
ee
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
es
(
T
T
L
s
)
ar
e
u
s
ed
;
n
ev
er
th
ele
s
s
,
th
e
m
u
l
ti
-
lin
e
f
ee
d
in
g
m
e
ch
an
i
s
m
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
a
n
d
to
tal
d
esig
n
co
s
t
[
2
2
]
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
C
a
n
to
r
s
q
u
ar
e
f
r
ac
tal
an
ten
n
a
h
as
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
ated
d
u
al
-
b
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
it
h
4
2
%
a
n
d
2
0
%
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
2
.
3
-
3
.
6
GHz
an
d
5
.
1
-
6
.
2
GHz
b
an
d
s
,
its
s
ize
o
f
6
0
×
60
×
0
.
8
1
3
m
m
³,
i
s
co
m
p
ar
ativ
el
y
lar
g
er
t
h
a
n
th
at
o
f
tin
y
w
ir
ele
s
s
d
ev
ice
s
[
2
3
]
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
a
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
w
a
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
f
o
r
w
ir
eless
ca
p
s
u
le
e
n
d
o
s
c
o
p
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
a
n
d
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
at
5
.
7
1
-
6
.
2
8
GHz
an
d
8
.
1
3
-
8
.
5
8
GHz
b
an
d
s
u
s
in
g
a
cir
c
u
lar
p
atch
a
n
te
n
n
a
an
d
a
cr
o
s
s
-
s
lo
t,
as
w
ell
as
a
d
ef
ec
ti
v
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
b
u
t
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
s
ar
e
ap
p
licatio
n
-
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
an
d
d
o
n
o
t
co
m
p
letel
y
m
atc
h
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
a
n
d
s
[
2
4
]
.
W
h
ile
m
a
n
y
r
esear
ch
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
m
u
lt
ib
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[
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[
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it is
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I
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I
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R
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f
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g
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E
m
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Sy
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N:
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4864
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ated
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f
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(
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atch
[
3
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
ep
icts
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e
d
if
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tio
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ated
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atch
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n
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g
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a)
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A
t
2
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4
GHz
,
th
e
r
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o
m
m
en
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ed
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te
n
n
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r
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ates
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d
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n
d
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o
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all
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ized
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ip
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lar
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n
g
ele
m
e
n
t
is
g
i
v
e
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
is
p
h
ase
is
4
.
2
GHz
,
wh
ile
it
s
o
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tain
ed
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an
d
w
id
t
h
i
s
1
.
8
GHz
.
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n
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
lo
ts
in
t
h
e
p
atch
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
u
lti
-
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an
ce
a
n
d
m
in
i
m
ize
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e
s
ize.
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al
b
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
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n
g
i
s
ac
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ie
v
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t
en
d
in
g
s
lo
ts
i
n
b
o
th
s
id
e
o
f
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atch
.
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f
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ll
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r
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n
d
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lan
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ar
e
asp
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ts
o
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th
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lai
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tan
g
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lar
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
a
t
h
at
h
as b
ee
n
co
n
s
tr
u
c
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
c
)
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Dif
f
er
en
t d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t sta
g
es o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
an
te
n
n
a
;
(
a)
s
ta
g
e
1
,
(
b
)
s
tag
e
2
,
a
n
d
(
c)
s
tag
e
3
4.
F
L
E
X
I
B
I
L
I
T
Y
ANAL
YSI
S
B
en
d
in
g
p
h
y
s
icall
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c
h
a
n
g
e
s
t
h
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t
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al
elec
tr
ical
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n
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
a
n
ten
n
a,
allo
w
i
n
g
u
s
to
ex
a
m
in
e
i
ts
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
.
Fo
r
v
ar
io
u
s
b
en
d
i
n
g
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
s
ca
tter
in
g
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
a
n
d
r
ad
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n
p
atter
n
s
ar
e
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
m
u
latio
n
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
h
as b
ee
n
b
en
t
w
i
th
r
ad
ii o
f
1
0
m
m
,
2
0
m
m
,
an
d
3
0
m
m
a
f
ter
w
ar
d
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
ad
eq
u
ate
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
th
e
f
lat
co
n
d
itio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
g
iv
e
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
A
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
an
ten
n
a
'
s
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
is
m
ad
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
y
an
a
l
y
t
ical
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
esu
l
ts
s
h
o
w
in
g
th
at
it
o
p
er
ates
s
tead
il
y
w
h
e
n
cu
r
v
ed
alo
n
g
b
o
th
th
e
x
-
an
d
y
-
ax
e
s
.
Fig
u
r
es 4
(
a)
an
d
(
b
)
d
ep
ict
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ted
a
n
te
n
n
a
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
x
a
n
d
y
ax
is
b
e
n
d
in
g
,
r
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ti
v
el
y
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c
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li
n
d
r
ical
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o
a
m
h
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ld
er
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
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ad
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n
p
atter
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
in
th
e
a
n
ec
h
o
ic
ch
a
m
b
er
to
s
u
s
tai
n
th
e
r
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ir
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en
d
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g
a
n
d
p
r
ev
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t
u
n
w
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te
d
f
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o
f
t
h
e
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te
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n
a,
all
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w
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n
g
f
o
r
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f
u
l
l
ex
a
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
th
e
b
en
t
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
B
en
d
in
g
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
;
(
a)
x
-
a
x
is
an
d
(
b
)
y
-
a
x
is
A
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
S
-
p
ar
a
m
et
er
v
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e
s
f
o
r
b
en
d
in
g
r
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iu
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es
o
f
1
0
m
m
,
2
0
m
m
,
an
d
3
0
m
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
at
e
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en
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r
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g
m
ec
h
an
ica
l
d
ef
o
r
m
a
tio
n
,
t
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
m
a
in
ta
in
s
it
s
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
R
e
s
o
n
an
t
r
esp
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s
e
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w
it
h
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li
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t
v
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iatio
n
s
i
n
th
e
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
ar
e
i
n
d
icate
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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&
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b
ed
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Sy
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Vo
l.
15
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No
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2
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J
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202
6
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468
-
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7
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472
b
y
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h
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S₁₁
r
esp
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ch
b
en
d
in
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lev
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s
.
T
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s
lig
h
t
ch
an
g
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s
ar
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ca
u
s
ed
b
y
cu
r
v
at
u
r
e,
w
h
ic
h
m
o
d
if
ies
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
'
s
elec
tr
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le
n
g
t
h
with
o
u
t
a
f
f
ec
ti
n
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m
p
ed
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ce
m
atch
i
n
g
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
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r
es
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lt
s
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e
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m
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b
an
d
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id
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w
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t
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p
atch
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t
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t
h
e
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a
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is
is
b
et
w
ee
n
2
.
4
GHz
an
d
2
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6
GHz
,
w
it
h
a
s
li
g
h
t
f
l
u
ctu
a
tio
n
f
r
o
m
2
.
3
6
GHz
to
2
.
2
1
GHz
w
h
en
b
e
n
t
alo
n
g
t
h
e
y
-
a
x
i
s
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
is
p
la
y
ed
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
s
5
(
a)
an
d
(
b
)
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
f
o
r
all
b
en
d
i
n
g
in
s
ta
n
ce
s
,
th
e
S₂₁
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
ti
cs
v
er
i
f
y
th
a
t
is
o
latio
n
s
ta
y
s
b
etter
th
an
−1
5
d
B
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
o
p
er
a
tin
g
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
ca
u
s
e
s
o
f
m
i
n
o
r
d
is
cr
ep
an
cies
b
et
w
ee
n
s
i
m
u
l
ated
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
ata
ar
e
li
m
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ts
i
n
m
ea
s
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r
i
n
g
s
e
tu
p
an
d
f
ab
r
icatio
n
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r
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r
s
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er
all,
th
e
d
elib
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ate
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en
d
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a
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al
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s
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s
v
er
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f
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s
t
h
at
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
an
ten
n
a
h
a
s
co
n
s
is
te
n
t
d
u
al
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b
an
d
p
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f
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m
a
n
c
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t
s
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en
d
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r
co
n
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o
r
m
al
an
d
w
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r
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ap
p
licatio
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s
.
(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
m
b
in
ed
s
ca
t
ter
in
g
an
al
y
s
is
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f
th
e
p
r
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o
s
ed
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ten
n
a
at
b
en
d
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
;
(
a)
x
-
a
x
i
s
an
d
(
b
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y
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a
x
i
s
5.
SPECI
F
I
C
AB
SO
RP
T
I
O
N
RAT
E
ANA
L
YSI
S
Fig
u
r
e
6
d
e
p
icts
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
w
h
ic
h
f
ea
t
u
r
es
a
m
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l
tila
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h
u
m
an
b
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d
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p
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to
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w
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h
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tic
p
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ica
l
p
r
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p
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tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
h
an
to
m
m
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d
el
'
s
o
v
er
all
d
i
m
en
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s
o
f
8
0
×6
0
×4
7
.
7
m
m
3
ar
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s
u
f
f
icien
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to
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t
t
h
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s
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'
s
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tr
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m
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ar
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it
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.
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h
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p
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a
n
to
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s
e
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th
r
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o
f
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k
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to
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u
m
an
b
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d
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h
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s
b
ee
n
d
ep
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in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
.
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n
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d
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im
u
late
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