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[
3
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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atch
in
g
q
u
al
ities
o
f
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
m
u
s
t
b
e
g
u
ar
an
teed
w
h
ile
m
in
i
m
iz
in
g
t
h
e
s
p
ac
e
o
cc
u
p
ied
b
y
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
b
ec
au
s
e
co
n
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
I
o
T
an
d
em
b
ed
d
ed
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
d
ev
ices
w
o
r
k
in
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
itu
a
tio
n
s
[
7
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
b
ig
g
est
co
m
p
le
x
it
ies
in
in
te
g
r
ated
an
d
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
an
ten
n
a
is
s
ti
ll
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
a
lar
g
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
BW
w
h
ile
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
s
m
all
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
.
W
h
ile
w
id
eb
an
d
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
as c
a
n
es
ca
late
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
d
esi
g
n
o
r
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
,
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
d
o
w
n
s
izi
n
g
s
tr
ateg
i
es
o
f
te
n
r
es
u
lt
in
lo
w
er
BW
o
r
w
o
r
s
e
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
Ma
n
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
e
f
ec
ted
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
(
DG
S)
-
b
ased
p
atch
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
ar
e
m
ad
e
to
o
p
er
ate
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
,
d
esp
ite
t
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
D
GS
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
l
y
i
n
v
esti
g
ated
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
BW
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
i
n
g
[
8
]
–
[
1
1
]
.
C
o
m
p
atib
il
it
y
w
it
h
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
h
ar
d
w
ar
e,
I
o
T
m
o
d
u
le
s
,
o
r
v
er
y
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
(
VL
SI
)
-
b
ased
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
RF
)
f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
s
h
a
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
litt
le
a
tten
tio
n
,
an
d
th
ei
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
d
eter
io
r
ates
w
h
e
n
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
in
to
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
v
e
s
ti
g
a
tin
g
v
ar
io
u
s
p
a
tc
h
s
h
ap
es
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
l
an
e
ad
j
u
s
t
m
en
ts
i
s
a
n
o
th
er
i
n
te
r
esti
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
s
o
l
v
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
W
it
h
o
u
t
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
ex
p
a
n
d
in
g
th
e
p
a
tch
'
s
s
ize,
th
e
g
eo
m
e
tr
y
-
b
ased
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
DGS
p
att
er
n
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
e
f
u
l
f
o
r
th
e
w
id
eb
an
d
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
T
h
e
af
o
r
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
b
r
o
ad
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
cr
ea
tin
g
w
id
eb
an
d
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
t
h
a
t
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
I
o
T
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
,
a
n
d
V
L
S
I
-
b
a
s
e
d
R
F
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
f
o
r
s
u
b
-
6
G
H
z
5
G
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
[
1
2
]
.
An
an
te
n
n
a
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
s
u
b
-
6
GHz
o
p
er
atio
n
s
ar
e
c
r
u
cial
in
m
o
d
er
n
w
ir
eless
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
5
G
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
w
ir
eles
s
-
f
id
e
lit
y
(
W
i
-
Fi),
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
e
v
o
l
u
ti
o
n
(
L
T
E
)
,
an
d
I
o
T
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
s
e
an
te
n
n
as
h
av
e
b
ee
n
i
n
te
n
d
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
ef
f
ic
ien
tl
y
b
elo
w
6
GHz
an
d
o
f
ten
co
v
er
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
s
s
u
ch
as
3
–
3
.
8
5
GHz
f
o
r
5
G
(
n
7
7
/n
7
8
)
,
2
.
4
GHz
f
o
r
I
SM
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
1
.
8
/2
.
1
GHz
f
o
r
L
T
E
[
1
3
]
.
Th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
o
f
s
u
b
-
6
GHz
an
te
n
n
a
d
esi
g
n
ar
e
w
id
e
BW
,
h
ig
h
r
ad
iatio
n
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
,
an
d
s
m
all
s
ize
to
en
ab
le
in
te
g
r
atio
n
i
n
to
p
o
r
tab
le
an
d
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Mo
n
o
p
o
les,
d
ip
o
les,
MP
A
,
an
d
p
la
n
ar
i
n
v
er
ted
-
f
an
te
n
n
as
(
P
I
F
A)
w
a
s
a
m
o
n
g
m
a
n
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
t
h
at
ar
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
.
No
w
ad
a
y
s
,
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
li
k
e
f
r
ac
tal
g
eo
m
etr
y
,
co
p
lan
ar
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
(
C
P
W
)
f
ee
d
in
g
,
an
d
DGS
h
av
e
b
ee
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
m
i
n
i
m
i
ze
an
ten
n
a
s
ize
an
d
m
ax
i
m
iz
e
th
e
B
W
w
it
h
o
u
t
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
4
]
–
[
1
6
]
.
Fo
r
d
e
p
en
d
ab
le
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
it
y
,
m
i
n
i
m
al
late
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ates
in
s
etti
n
g
s
w
h
er
e
m
m
-
w
a
v
e
s
i
g
n
als
m
a
y
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
th
e
s
e
an
te
n
n
a
s
ar
e
ess
en
tial.
S
u
b
-
6
GHz
an
ten
n
as
ar
e
th
er
ef
o
r
e
s
til
l
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
o
f
w
ir
ele
s
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
es
p
ec
iall
y
i
n
in
d
o
o
r
an
d
u
r
b
an
in
s
tallatio
n
s
.
Ma
n
y
s
cie
n
ti
s
ts
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
ar
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
k
in
d
s
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
.
P
atch
a
n
ten
n
a
s
ar
e
an
ex
tr
e
m
el
y
f
r
eq
u
en
tl
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
t
y
p
e
o
f
a
n
ten
n
a
s
d
u
e
to
i
ts
ess
e
n
tial
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
P
atch
a
n
te
n
n
as
ar
e
f
a
v
o
r
ed
f
o
r
th
eir
s
i
m
p
lici
t
y
,
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
,
i
n
teg
r
ated
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
co
s
t
-
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
,
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
,
co
m
p
ac
t
s
ize,
a
n
d
s
i
m
p
le
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
i
n
g
.
MP
A
s
ar
e
a
b
etter
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
s
u
b
-
6
G
Hz
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
ese
k
e
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
[
1
7
]
–
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
te
r
m
s
o
f
t
h
eir
u
s
ab
ili
t
y
a
n
d
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
,
th
e
y
ar
e
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
w
it
h
m
an
y
d
esi
g
n
s
cr
ea
ted
b
y
co
n
t
e
m
p
o
r
ar
y
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
.
An
MP
A
ca
n
b
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
v
a
r
iet
y
o
f
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
,
an
d
DGS
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t w
i
d
ely
u
tili
ze
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
MP
A'
s
r
ad
iatio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
an
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
,
DGS
i
s
a
h
i
g
h
l
y
u
s
e
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
ef
f
icien
t
an
te
n
n
a
d
esi
g
n
,
it
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
k
n
o
w
n
th
a
t
B
W
an
d
an
ten
n
a
s
ize
m
u
s
t
b
e
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
.
An
an
ten
n
a
's
ca
p
ac
it
y
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
b
etter
o
v
er
a
b
r
o
ad
r
an
g
e
o
f
r
eso
n
an
ce
s
t
y
p
icall
y
d
ec
lin
e
s
w
i
th
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
s
ize.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
m
aller
an
ten
n
a
s
to
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
w
id
eb
an
d
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
is
s
o
m
eti
m
e
s
li
m
i
ted
b
y
t
h
eir
s
m
aller
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
an
d
s
h
o
r
ter
cu
r
r
en
t
c
h
an
n
els.
As
a
r
es
u
lt,
s
m
a
ll
an
te
n
n
a
s
ar
e
s
o
m
e
ti
m
es
o
n
l
y
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
a
n
d
s
d
u
e
to
th
eir
n
ar
r
o
w
BW
[
2
1
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
t
l
y
,
lar
g
er
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
ca
n
be
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
co
v
er
i
n
g
a
w
id
er
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
BW
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
ca
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
lo
n
g
er
cu
r
r
en
t
co
u
r
s
es
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
in
tr
ic
ate
d
esig
n
s
.
W
h
e
n
b
u
ild
in
g
an
te
n
n
as
f
o
r
co
n
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
s
tr
i
k
i
n
g
a
b
alan
ce
b
et
wee
n
s
m
a
ll
s
ize
an
d
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
BW
is
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
c
h
alle
n
g
e,
e
s
p
ec
iall
y
w
h
e
n
m
u
l
ti
-
b
an
d
ca
p
ab
ilit
ie
s
an
d
s
p
ac
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
ar
e
b
o
th
cr
u
cial.
W
ith
th
e
aid
o
f
an
in
s
er
t
lin
k
e
d
f
ee
d
in
g
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
,
a
tin
y
a
n
ten
n
a
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
2
0
.
5
×1
7
.
5
m
m
2
w
it
h
a
h
ig
h
BW
b
et
w
ee
n
2
.
8
an
d
5
.
6
GHz
[
2
2
]
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
s
s
u
r
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7
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e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a.
Sectio
n
4
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
o
f
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
es
ted
an
ten
n
a
to
g
eth
er
w
i
th
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
an
al
y
s
is
.
Sectio
n
5
co
n
c
lu
d
e
s
b
y
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
t
h
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
a
n
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
DE
S
I
G
N
M
E
T
H
O
D
Su
b
s
tr
ate
s
elec
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
f
ac
to
r
s
in
clu
d
i
n
g
p
r
in
ted
cir
cu
i
t
b
o
ar
d
(
P
C
B
)
c
o
m
p
atib
ili
t
y
,
t
h
ick
n
e
s
s
,
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
an
d
co
s
t,
s
t
an
d
ar
d
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
th
eo
r
y
is
u
s
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
p
r
eli
m
in
ar
y
p
atc
h
s
ize
ca
lcu
lat
io
n
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
th
e
n
r
e
f
in
ed
b
y
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
a
n
al
y
s
is
.
T
o
en
h
a
n
ce
BW
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
DG
S
m
o
d
if
ies
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
s
.
Fo
r
ea
s
e
o
f
in
teg
r
atio
n
a
n
d
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
e,
a
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
lin
e
f
ee
d
is
u
tili
ze
d
.
A
s
i
m
p
le
d
esig
n
an
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
f
lo
w
d
iag
r
a
m
d
escr
ib
es
t
h
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
f
u
ll
-
w
a
v
e
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
s
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
o
p
tim
iz
atio
n
h
a
s
b
ee
n
g
iv
e
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
d
iag
r
a
m
s
h
o
w
s
h
o
w
to
u
s
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
C
ST
)
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
to
cr
ea
te
an
d
o
p
tim
ize
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
an
ten
n
as.
First,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
BW
,
an
d
s
ize
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
ar
e
d
e
f
i
n
ed
.
Nex
t,
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
m
ater
ial
is
s
ele
cted
b
ased
o
n
its
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
,
th
ic
k
n
ess
,
co
s
t,
an
d
P
C
B
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
te
n
n
a
'
s
s
tar
ti
n
g
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
ar
e
th
e
n
estab
lis
h
ed
u
s
i
n
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
a
n
ten
n
a
t
h
eo
r
y
an
d
m
o
d
eled
in
C
ST
.
DGS
is
t
h
e
n
ad
d
ed
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
BW
af
ter
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
a
n
d
ex
cit
atio
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
estab
lis
h
ed
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
s
ize
an
d
DGS,
th
e
f
u
ll
-
w
av
e
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
s
i
m
u
latio
n
is
u
s
ed
to
s
i
m
u
la
te
th
e
an
ten
n
a
w
ith
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
s
o
lv
er
s
ettin
g
s
an
d
p
ar
am
etr
ic
e
v
al
u
atio
n
.
Go
o
d
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
i
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
f
ee
d
i
n
g
th
e
b
asic
o
ctag
o
n
a
l
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
a
5
0
Ω
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
f
ee
d
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
a
n
ten
n
a
'
s
f
u
ll
ar
ch
it
ec
tu
r
al
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
an
d
o
p
tim
u
m
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
f
ee
d
lin
e
'
s
to
tal
len
g
t
h
an
d
w
id
th
ar
e
2
.
4
m
m
an
d
6
.
6
m
m
,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
I
t
also
m
a
k
es
u
s
e
o
f
an
in
e
x
p
en
s
iv
e
FR
4
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
w
i
th
a
h
ei
g
h
t
o
f
1
.
6
m
m
an
d
r
elativ
es
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
(
ε
r
)
o
f
4
.
4
,
th
at
is
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
u
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
af
f
o
r
d
ab
ilit
y
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
i
lit
y
,
a
n
d
s
u
itab
il
it
y
f
o
r
r
ap
id
I
o
T
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
is
co
m
p
atib
le
w
ith
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
P
C
B
f
ab
r
icatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
en
ab
lin
g
s
i
m
p
le
,
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
.
A
m
o
d
if
ied
H
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
t
o
n
a
n
o
ctag
o
n
al
p
atch
an
d
a
s
tep
p
ed
DGS
i
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
m
a
k
e
u
p
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
p
atch
h
as
a
n
o
ctag
o
n
al
s
h
ap
e
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
l
y
202
6
:
479
-
4
8
9
482
8
m
m
o
n
ea
ch
s
id
e.
1
1
.
5
m
m
i
s
th
e
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
a
tch
'
s
m
o
d
i
f
ied
H
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
t.
A
DG
S
is
m
o
u
n
ted
at
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
to
v
ar
y
t
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
r
ad
iatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
s
tep
p
ed
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
DGS
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
f
i
v
e
s
tr
ip
s
o
f
v
ar
y
i
n
g
s
izes.
E
ac
h
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
tr
ip
is
1
m
m
lo
n
g
,
an
d
its
b
r
ea
d
th
v
ar
ies
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
.
T
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
a
n
d
b
ac
k
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
an
te
n
n
a
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
s
2
(
a)
an
d
(
b
)
,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
w
il
l r
esu
lt in
h
ig
h
er
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
s
p
ec
if
icat
io
n
s
i
f
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
im
p
ed
an
ce
is
u
s
e
d
.
T
ab
le
1
clea
r
ly
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
al
s
p
ec
if
icat
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
p
o
r
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
d
esi
g
n
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Geo
m
e
tr
ical
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
;
(
a
)
f
r
o
n
t v
ie
w
a
n
d
(
b
)
b
ac
k
v
ie
w
T
ab
le
1
.
Deta
iled
p
a
r
am
eter
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
W1
L1
W2
L2
G
L
1
G
L
2
S1
S2
S
i
z
e
(
mm
)
15
18
2
.
4
6
.
6
9
2
.
3
5
6
.
5
T
h
e
o
ctag
o
n
al
p
atch
d
esig
n
is
f
av
o
r
ed
f
o
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
cu
r
r
en
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
n
d
m
an
y
r
eso
n
a
n
t
r
o
u
tes
to
m
ax
i
m
ize
BW
w
it
h
i
n
a
r
estric
ted
r
eg
io
n
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ch
an
g
e
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
f
o
r
g
r
ea
ter
BW
w
it
h
o
u
t e
n
lar
g
in
g
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
a
cr
u
cial
asp
ec
t f
o
r
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
w
ith
u
s
e
o
f
DGS
is
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
p
lan
ar
,
th
e
co
m
p
u
t
atio
n
al
p
r
o
b
lem
's co
m
p
le
x
it
y
i
s
also
m
a
n
ag
ea
b
le
,
o
p
en
in
g
t
h
e
d
o
o
r
to
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
d
esi
g
n
in
g
s
ca
lab
le
r
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
a
y
s
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
s
m
all
s
ize
an
d
b
r
o
a
d
b
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
b
est
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
s
u
b
-
6
GHz
5
G
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
I
o
T
d
e
v
ices.
3.
E
VO
L
U
T
I
O
N
ST
A
G
E
S
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
ctag
o
n
al
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
'
s
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
is
ill
u
s
tr
a
ted
in
d
etail
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
s
tar
ts
w
it
h
b
asic
h
ex
a
g
o
n
a
l
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
3
.
6
GHz
an
d
en
d
s
w
it
h
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
ex
ag
o
n
al
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
w
it
h
H
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
ts
.
Step
1:
t
h
e
d
esig
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
d
esi
g
n
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
a
cir
cu
lar
s
h
ap
ed
an
te
n
n
a
w
i
th
a
f
u
ll g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
(
1
)
:
=
c
4π
1
√
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f a
co
mp
a
ct
w
id
eb
a
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atch
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u
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ates
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ate
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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m
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I
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.