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Satellite c
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Satellite
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[
1
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[
2
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I
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a
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d
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if
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tr
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s
[
3
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,
[
4
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Su
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m
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tr
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ly
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r
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f
all
[
5
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.
I
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to
at
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p
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clim
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ev
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o
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till
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2
5
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I
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J
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&
C
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p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
42
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
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20
2
6
:
7
2
1
-
72
8
722
Scin
till
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ef
f
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g
en
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ally
in
cr
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s
e
with
h
ig
h
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eq
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s
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Ka
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itiv
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m
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m
o
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lu
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[
6
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–
[
8
].
Fu
r
th
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m
o
r
e
,
th
e
elev
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a
n
g
le
p
lay
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T
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n
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
i
n
E
u
r
o
p
e
an
d
No
r
t
h
Am
er
ic
a,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
s
ites
lik
e
R
o
m
e
an
d
o
th
er
Me
d
iter
r
a
n
ea
n
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
s
cin
till
atio
n
b
eh
a
v
io
r
u
n
d
er
m
o
d
er
ate
clim
atic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
h
av
e
co
n
tr
i
b
u
t
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
m
o
d
els an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
s
atellite
lin
k
d
esig
n
[
10
]
,
[
11
].
Ho
wev
er
,
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
s
in
e
q
u
ato
r
ial
an
d
tr
o
p
ical
r
eg
io
n
s
d
i
f
f
er
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
f
r
o
m
th
o
s
e
in
tem
p
er
ate
clim
ates.
R
eg
io
n
s
n
ea
r
th
e
e
q
u
ato
r
ar
e
t
y
p
ically
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
h
ig
h
h
u
m
i
d
ity
,
n
ea
r
ly
u
n
if
o
r
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
es,
an
d
in
ten
s
e
co
n
v
ec
tiv
e
r
ain
f
all,
wh
ic
h
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
in
f
lu
en
ce
r
ad
io
wav
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
[
12
]
–
[
1
5
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
s
cin
till
atio
n
an
d
r
ain
atten
u
atio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
in
th
ese
r
eg
io
n
s
m
ay
ex
h
ib
it
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
tatis
tical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
h
ig
h
e
r
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
co
m
p
ar
e
d
with
th
o
s
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
i
n
tem
p
er
ate
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e
,
f
u
r
th
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
s
cin
till
atio
n
b
eh
av
io
r
u
n
d
er
eq
u
at
o
r
ial
clim
atic
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
is
es
s
e
n
tial
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
d
esig
n
o
f
s
atellite
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
in
s
u
ch
r
eg
i
o
n
s
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
y
ea
r
l
y
r
ain
atten
u
atio
n
an
d
wet
s
cin
till
atio
n
s
tatis
t
i
cs
alo
n
e
ar
e
n
o
t
en
o
u
g
h
t
o
c
o
m
p
letely
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
p
r
ec
ip
itatio
n
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
wh
en
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ices
o
f
th
e
s
atellite
s
y
s
tem
is
o
f
in
ter
est.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
f
ad
e
o
n
th
e
q
u
a
lity
o
f
s
er
v
ices
is
h
ig
h
ly
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
o
n
th
e
s
ea
s
o
n
an
d
tim
e
o
f
d
ay
[
16
]
,
[
17
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
s
ea
s
o
n
al
an
d
d
i
u
r
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
s
to
g
eth
e
r
with
wi
n
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
an
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
o
f
air
f
lo
ws
is
d
esire
d
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
f
ad
e
co
u
n
ter
m
ea
s
u
r
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
u
s
ed
f
ad
e
c
o
u
n
ter
m
ea
s
u
r
e
is
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
a
f
ad
e
m
a
r
g
i
n
[
18
].
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
s
ig
n
al
atten
u
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
s
ea
s
o
n
al
an
d
d
iu
r
n
al
p
atter
n
s
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
er
s
wh
en
d
ete
r
m
in
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
ad
e
m
ar
g
in
s
.
I
n
So
u
t
h
ea
s
t
Asi
a,
s
cin
till
atio
n
b
eh
a
v
io
r
is
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
cy
cle,
wh
ich
r
esu
l
ts
f
r
o
m
s
ea
s
o
n
al
ch
an
g
es
i
n
win
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
I
n
Ma
lay
s
ia,
th
e
an
n
u
al
win
d
cir
cu
latio
n
is
g
en
er
ally
d
iv
id
e
d
in
to
f
o
u
r
s
ea
s
o
n
s
:
th
e
p
r
e
-
N
o
r
th
ea
s
t
(
p
r
e
-
NE
)
,
No
r
th
ea
s
t
(
NE
)
,
p
r
e
-
So
u
t
h
west
(
p
r
e
-
SW
)
,
an
d
So
u
t
h
west
(
SW
)
p
er
io
d
s
.
T
h
ese
s
ea
s
o
n
s
ty
p
ically
o
cc
u
r
d
u
r
i
n
g
Octo
b
er
–
No
v
e
m
b
er
,
Dec
em
b
er
–
Ma
r
ch
,
Ap
r
il
–
Ma
y
,
an
d
J
u
n
e
–
S
ep
tem
b
e
r
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
[
19
]
.
T
h
e
n
o
r
th
ea
s
t
an
d
s
o
u
th
west
Asi
an
Mo
n
s
o
o
n
win
d
s
ar
e
p
r
ed
ictab
le
cli
m
ate;
wh
ich
b
r
in
g
s
a
wetter
an
d
d
r
ie
r
s
ea
s
o
n
to
Ma
lay
s
ia,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
N
E
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
o
r
i
g
in
ates
f
r
o
m
Si
b
er
ia
an
d
it
b
r
in
g
s
s
tr
o
n
g
er
p
r
ec
ip
itatio
n
ev
en
ts
,
esp
e
cially
to
th
e
ea
s
t
co
ast
o
f
Pen
in
s
u
lar
Ma
lay
s
ia;
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
SW
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
is
r
elat
iv
ely
d
r
ier
,
as
th
e
war
m
air
o
r
ig
in
ates f
r
o
m
th
e
Au
s
tr
al
ian
d
eser
ts
.
B
esid
es
s
ea
s
o
n
al
ch
an
g
es,
d
i
u
r
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
is
also
a
k
ey
f
ac
to
r
in
d
esig
n
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
th
at
m
ain
tain
th
e
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
s
atellite
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
attem
p
ted
to
p
r
ed
ict
clea
r
-
s
k
y
t
r
o
p
o
s
p
h
er
ic
s
cin
till
atio
n
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
b
y
an
aly
zin
g
its
v
ar
iatio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
th
e
d
a
y
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
m
o
s
t
ex
is
tin
g
m
o
d
els
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
u
s
in
g
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
d
ata
f
r
o
m
tem
p
er
ate
r
eg
io
n
s
u
n
d
er
clea
r
-
s
k
y
c
o
n
d
i
tio
n
s
[
20
]
–
[
23
]
.
Stu
d
ies
ad
d
r
e
s
s
in
g
th
is
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
in
r
e
g
io
n
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
h
ea
v
y
r
ain
f
all
r
em
ain
lim
it
ed
,
with
o
n
l
y
a
f
ew
ex
ce
p
tio
n
s
r
ep
o
r
te
d
in
[
24
]
,
[
25
].
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
d
iu
r
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
p
atter
n
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
l
o
ca
l
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
h
u
m
id
ity
b
u
t
a
l
s
o
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
d
b
y
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
al
t
o
p
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
e
s
,
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
t
h
e
lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
.
H
e
n
c
e
,
i
t
is
w
o
r
t
h
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
d
i
u
r
n
a
l
v
a
r
i
a
ti
o
n
o
f
w
e
t
s
c
i
n
t
i
ll
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
te
m
p
e
r
a
t
e
r
e
g
i
o
n
s
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
l
y
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
d
i
u
r
n
a
l
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
i
n
e
q
u
a
t
o
r
i
a
l
M
a
l
ay
s
i
a
.
D
es
p
i
t
e
t
h
e
e
x
t
e
n
s
i
v
e
s
tu
d
i
e
s
o
n
t
r
o
p
o
s
p
h
e
r
i
c
s
c
i
n
t
i
lla
t
i
o
n
,
m
o
s
t
e
x
is
t
i
n
g
w
o
r
k
s
h
a
v
e
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
o
n
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
e
r
e
g
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
c
l
e
a
r
-
s
k
y
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
L
i
m
it
e
d
a
t
t
e
n
ti
o
n
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
g
i
v
e
n
t
o
t
h
e
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
s
e
a
s
o
n
al
a
n
d
d
i
u
r
n
a
l
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
o
f
w
e
t
s
ci
n
t
i
ll
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
r
o
p
i
c
a
l
c
li
m
a
t
es
u
n
d
e
r
h
e
a
v
y
r
a
i
n
f
a
l
l
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
a
i
m
s
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
-
b
a
s
e
d
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
w
et
s
c
i
n
t
i
ll
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
a
n
e
q
u
a
t
o
r
i
a
l
r
e
g
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
m
a
i
n
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
:
(
i
)
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
en
t
a
l
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
w
e
t
s
ci
n
t
i
ll
a
ti
o
n
a
t
K
u
-
b
a
n
d
,
(
i
i
)
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
ts
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
c
e
o
n
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
s
e
a
s
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
(
i
i
i
)
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
d
i
u
r
n
a
l
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
f
a
d
e
m
a
r
g
i
n
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
n
t
r
o
p
i
c
al
s
a
t
el
l
it
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
2.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
A
L
SE
T
UP
T
h
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
s
tatio
n
,
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
was
in
s
talled
o
n
th
e
ca
m
p
u
s
o
f
Un
iv
er
s
iti
T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
Ma
lay
s
ia
in
J
o
h
o
r
B
ah
r
u
.
Data
wer
e
co
llected
o
v
er
a
o
n
e
-
y
ea
r
p
e
r
io
d
f
r
o
m
J
an
u
a
r
y
to
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
3
.
T
h
e
s
ite,
lo
c
ated
at
1
.
5
5
°
N
latitu
d
e
an
d
1
0
3
.
6
4
°
E
l
o
n
g
itu
d
e,
in
cl
u
d
e
d
a
d
i
r
ec
t
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
r
ec
eiv
in
g
an
ten
n
a
with
a
d
iam
eter
o
f
9
0
cm
,
o
r
ien
ted
to
war
d
th
e
ME
ASAT
-
3
b
r
o
ad
c
asti
n
g
s
atellite
at
an
elev
atio
n
an
g
le
o
f
7
5
.
6
1
°.
T
h
e
s
atellite
s
ig
n
al
at
1
2
.
2
GHz
was
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
an
d
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
u
s
in
g
a
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
an
aly
ze
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
d
at
a
lo
g
g
er
.
An
a
u
to
m
atic
wea
th
er
s
tatio
n
(
AW
S)
was
al
s
o
in
s
talled
n
ea
r
b
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
S
ea
s
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
d
iu
r
n
a
l v
a
r
ia
tio
n
s
o
f wet scin
till
a
tio
n
in
tr
o
p
ica
l
r
eg
io
n
Ma
la
ysia
(
I
b
tih
a
l F
a
w
z
i
El
-
S
h
a
mi
)
723
T
h
is
m
eteo
r
o
lo
g
ical
s
tatio
n
was
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
s
ev
e
r
al
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
,
h
u
m
id
ity
,
win
d
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
win
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
al
o
n
g
with
a
tip
p
in
g
-
b
u
c
k
et
r
ain
g
a
u
g
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
clo
s
e
to
th
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
an
ten
n
a.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
M
E
ASAT
s
atelli
te
r
ec
eiv
in
g
s
y
s
tem
3.
SCI
N
T
I
L
L
AT
I
O
N
SI
G
NA
L
P
RO
CE
SS
I
NG
AND
DA
T
A
P
RE
P
ARA
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
aw
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
lev
el
ac
q
u
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
b
r
o
a
d
ca
s
t
r
ec
eiv
er
(
DB
R
)
co
n
tain
s
a
m
ix
tu
r
e
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
lo
w
v
ar
iatio
n
s
d
u
e
to
r
ain
atten
u
atio
n
,
r
ap
id
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
tr
o
p
o
s
p
h
er
ic
s
cin
till
atio
n
,
an
d
p
o
s
s
ib
le
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
-
r
elate
d
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
s
u
ch
as e
q
u
ip
m
en
t o
u
tag
es o
r
p
o
wer
in
te
r
r
u
p
ti
o
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
was
a
p
p
lied
to
ex
tr
ac
t
r
eliab
le
wet
s
cin
till
atio
n
s
tati
s
tics
.
First,
a
q
u
ality
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tag
e
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
i
d
en
tify
a
n
d
r
em
o
v
e
a
b
n
o
r
m
al
s
ig
n
al
b
e
h
av
io
r
n
o
t
ass
o
ciate
d
with
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
ef
f
ec
ts
.
Su
ch
ab
n
o
r
m
alities
ar
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
s
u
d
d
en
a
n
d
s
u
s
tain
ed
s
ig
n
al
d
r
o
p
s
last
in
g
s
ev
er
al
m
in
u
tes,
ty
p
ically
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
p
o
wer
f
ailu
r
es
o
r
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
d
o
wn
tim
e.
T
h
ese
ev
en
ts
wer
e
cr
o
s
s
-
v
alid
ated
u
s
in
g
co
n
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ain
f
all
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
AW
S
.
An
y
ab
n
o
r
m
al
s
ig
n
al
s
eg
m
en
ts
n
o
t
co
r
r
elate
d
with
r
ain
f
all
ev
en
ts
wer
e
ex
clu
d
ed
f
r
o
m
f
u
r
th
er
a
n
aly
s
is
to
av
o
id
b
iased
s
cin
till
atio
n
esti
m
atio
n
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
v
alid
ated
s
ig
n
al
tim
e
s
er
ies
wa
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
d
ig
ital
f
ilter
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
s
ep
ar
ate
s
cin
till
atio
n
f
r
o
m
r
ain
atten
u
atio
n
.
A
f
if
th
-
o
r
d
e
r
b
u
tter
wo
r
th
f
ilter
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
d
u
e
to
its
m
ax
im
ally
f
lat
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
esp
o
n
s
e
in
t
h
e
p
ass
b
an
d
an
d
its
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
s
tu
d
i
es.
B
ased
o
n
p
o
wer
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
en
s
ity
an
aly
s
is
,
a
cu
to
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
0
.
0
2
Hz
wa
s
s
elec
ted
,
as
it
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
es
b
etwe
en
s
lo
w
-
v
ar
y
in
g
r
ain
atten
u
atio
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
r
ap
id
s
cin
till
atio
n
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
as sh
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Po
wer
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
d
e
n
s
ity
o
n
3
1
s
t D
ec
em
b
er
2
0
1
3
f
o
r
ME
ASAT
-
3
L
N
B
I
F
2
-
w
a
y
m
i
c
r
o
w
a
v
e
s
p
l
i
t
t
e
r
S
p
e
c
t
r
u
m
A
n
a
l
y
z
e
r
P
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
‘
F
S
x
r
e
c
o
r
d
p
l
a
y
’
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
U
P
S
S
i
g
n
a
l
d
e
c
o
d
e
r
T
e
l
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
D
i
r
e
c
t
B
r
o
a
d
c
a
s
t
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
M
E
A
S
A
T
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
-
5
0
-
4
0
-
3
0
-
2
0
-
1
0
0
10
20
30
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
H
z
)
(
a
)
P
o
w
e
r
s
p
e
c
t
r
a
l
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
(
d
B
2
/
H
z
)
0
-
2
0
d
B
/
d
e
c
0
.
0
2
-
8
0
/
3
d
B
/
d
e
c
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
42
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
7
2
1
-
72
8
724
T
h
e
lo
w
-
p
ass
f
ilter
ed
s
ig
n
al
(
f
c
=
0
.
0
2
Hz)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
ain
atten
u
atio
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t,
wh
ile
th
e
h
ig
h
-
p
ass
f
ilter
ed
s
ig
n
al
c
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
s
to
tr
o
p
o
s
p
h
e
r
ic
s
cin
till
atio
n
.
Fo
r
s
cin
till
atio
n
an
aly
s
i
s
,
a
b
an
d
-
p
ass
f
ilter
in
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
.
0
2
–
0
.
5
Hz
was
ap
p
lied
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
o
f
r
el
ev
an
t
s
cin
till
atio
n
d
y
n
am
ics
wh
ile
s
u
p
p
r
ess
in
g
n
o
is
e
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
tr
en
d
s
.
ME
ASAT
-
3
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
lev
el
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
with
o
u
t
f
ilter
in
g
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
lo
w
-
p
ass
f
ilter
in
g
,
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
ig
h
p
ass
/b
an
d
p
ass
f
ilter
in
g
,
o
f
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al,
as c
an
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
3
(
a)
-
(
c
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
ME
ASAT
-
3
r
ec
eiv
e
d
s
ig
n
al
lev
el
:
(
a)
with
o
u
t
f
ilte
r
,
(
b
)
with
L
PF
,
an
d
(
c
)
with
HPF
Af
ter
f
ilter
in
g
,
th
e
s
cin
till
atio
n
s
ig
n
al
was
n
o
r
m
alize
d
b
y
s
u
b
tr
ac
tin
g
its
lo
ca
l
m
ea
n
v
alu
e,
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
lo
w
-
p
ass
f
ilter
ed
s
i
g
n
al,
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
em
o
v
e
r
esi
d
u
al
s
lo
w
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
n
o
r
m
aliza
tio
n
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
ex
t
r
ac
ted
s
cin
till
atio
n
f
l
u
ctu
atio
n
s
ar
e
ze
r
o
-
m
e
an
an
d
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
s
tatis
tical
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
s
ig
n
al
was
s
am
p
led
at
1
Hz,
wh
ich
is
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
tr
o
p
o
s
p
h
er
ic
s
cin
till
atio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
wh
o
s
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
s
p
ec
tr
al
c
o
n
ten
t
lies
well
b
elo
w
th
e
Ny
q
u
is
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
is
s
am
p
lin
g
r
ate
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
ad
eq
u
ate
tr
a
d
e
-
o
f
f
b
etwe
en
tem
p
o
r
al
r
eso
lu
tio
n
an
d
d
at
a
v
o
lu
m
e
w
h
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
s
cin
till
atio
n
s
tati
s
tics
.
4.
WE
T
SCI
NT
I
L
L
AT
I
O
N
D
AT
A
ANA
L
YS
I
S
T
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
o
f
d
iu
r
n
al
an
d
s
ea
s
o
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
wet
s
cin
till
atio
n
ar
e
o
f
g
r
ea
t
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
f
o
r
d
esig
n
f
ad
e
m
ar
g
in
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
t
o
tal
o
f
1
y
ea
r
’
s
d
ata
is
o
n
ly
u
t
ilized
,
th
at
is
f
r
o
m
J
an
u
ar
y
to
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
3
.
Du
r
in
g
th
is
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
p
er
io
d
,
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
a
m
eteo
r
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
u
ch
as
r
ain
an
d
th
e
win
d
m
ay
b
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
tim
e
to
tim
e
o
n
s
ea
s
o
n
al
b
asis
o
r
tim
e
o
f
th
e
d
ay
.
First,
th
e
s
ea
s
o
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
wet
s
cin
till
atio
n
is
an
aly
ze
d
b
y
d
iv
id
in
g
t
h
e
y
ea
r
i
n
to
th
r
ee
m
ain
p
er
i
o
d
s
:
(
i)
th
e
No
r
th
ea
s
t
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
(
Dec
em
b
er
–
Ma
r
c
h
)
,
(
ii)
th
e
So
u
th
west
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
(
J
u
n
e
–
Sep
tem
b
er
)
,
a
n
d
(
iii)
th
e
in
te
r
-
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
p
er
i
o
d
(
Ap
r
il
–
Ma
y
a
n
d
Octo
b
er
–
No
v
em
b
er
)
.
T
h
e
s
tatis
tical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
wet
s
cin
till
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
ese
s
ea
s
o
n
s
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
two
way
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
th
e
cu
m
u
lativ
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
wh
ic
h
ev
alu
ates
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
o
f
b
o
th
f
a
d
in
g
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
ev
en
ts
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
wet
s
cin
till
a
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ex
am
in
es
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
cin
till
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
an
d
r
ain
at
ten
u
atio
n
,
wh
e
r
e
wet
s
cin
till
atio
n
d
ata
ar
e
ca
te
g
o
r
ized
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
atten
u
atio
n
lev
els.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
s
ea
s
o
n
al
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
ef
f
ec
ts
,
d
iu
r
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
Pen
in
s
u
lar
Ma
lay
s
ia
m
u
s
t
also
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
b
y
s
atellite
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ato
r
s
an
d
r
a
d
io
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
e
n
g
in
ee
r
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
wh
en
d
esig
n
in
g
f
ad
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ar
g
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s
in
r
e
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io
n
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ea
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ain
f
all.
T
o
s
tu
d
y
th
e
d
aily
v
ar
iab
ilit
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o
f
wet
s
cin
till
atio
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th
e
an
aly
s
is
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
t
o
f
o
u
r
n
o
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-
o
v
er
la
p
p
in
g
tim
e
in
t
er
v
als:
0
0
:0
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–
0
6
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0
,
0
6
:0
0
–
1
2
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0
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1
2
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8
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0
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T
i
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h
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6
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6
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2
4
T
i
m
e
(
h
)
S
c
i
n
t
i
l
l
at
i
on
(
d
B
)
W
i
t
h
O
u
t
F
i
l
t
e
r
W
i
t
h
L
P
F
W
i
t
h
H
P
F
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
S
ea
s
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
d
iu
r
n
a
l v
a
r
ia
tio
n
s
o
f wet scin
till
a
tio
n
in
tr
o
p
ica
l
r
eg
io
n
Ma
la
ysia
(
I
b
tih
a
l F
a
w
z
i
El
-
S
h
a
mi
)
725
5.
SE
ASO
N
AL
VA
RIA
T
I
O
N
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
s
ea
s
o
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
wet
s
cin
till
atio
n
,
cu
m
u
lativ
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
s
cin
till
atio
n
f
ad
e
was
ca
teg
o
r
i
ze
d
b
ased
o
n
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
s
ea
s
o
n
,
n
am
ely
NE
,
SW
,
an
d
in
ter
-
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
(
i.e
.
,
p
r
e
-
NE
an
d
p
r
e
-
SW
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
ea
s
o
n
al
co
m
p
lem
e
n
tar
y
cu
m
u
lativ
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
C
C
DFs
)
r
elativ
e
to
t
h
e
o
n
e
-
y
ea
r
p
e
r
io
d
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
also
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
So
u
th
-
W
est
s
ea
s
o
n
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
two
s
ea
s
o
n
s
at
0
.
0
1
p
e
r
c
en
tag
e
o
f
s
cin
till
atio
n
f
a
d
e
(
i.e
.
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
0
.
1
d
B
)
.
Asi
d
e
f
r
o
m
s
ea
s
o
n
al
C
C
DF
o
f
s
cin
till
atio
n
f
a
d
e,
t
h
e
s
cin
till
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
a
cted
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
r
ain
atte
n
u
atio
n
,
wh
ich
is
an
o
th
er
p
ar
am
eter
to
ch
a
r
ac
ter
ize
th
e
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
ese
tw
o
p
h
en
o
m
en
a.
Fig
u
r
e
5
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
ea
s
o
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
s
cin
till
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
r
ain
atten
u
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
cin
till
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
in
cr
ea
s
es
n
ea
r
ly
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
ally
with
atten
u
atio
n
lev
els
u
p
to
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
4
d
B
.
B
ey
o
n
d
th
is
th
r
esh
o
l
d
,
atten
u
atio
n
in
cr
ea
s
es
m
o
r
e
r
ap
id
l
y
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
s
o
u
th
west
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
s
ea
s
o
n
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
s
cin
till
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
lo
wer
r
ate
o
f
ch
an
g
e
r
elativ
e
to
r
ain
atten
u
atio
n
.
T
h
is
p
atter
n
is
lik
ely
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
ig
h
er
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
s
tr
o
n
g
co
n
v
ec
tiv
e
ac
tiv
ity
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
in
ter
-
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
p
e
r
io
d
,
wh
il
e
th
e
s
o
u
th
west m
o
n
s
o
o
n
alig
n
s
with
th
e
d
r
iest
m
o
n
th
s
,
as in
d
icate
d
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Seaso
n
al
C
C
DFs
o
f
s
cin
till
atio
n
am
p
litu
d
e
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t seaso
n
s
T
ab
le
1
.
T
y
p
e
o
f
r
ain
e
v
en
t a
s
co
llected
in
J
o
h
o
r
B
ah
r
u
S
e
a
so
n
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
e
v
e
n
t
s
S
t
r
a
t
i
f
o
r
m
C
o
n
v
e
c
t
i
v
e
N
o
r
t
h
e
a
s
t
M
o
n
s
o
o
n
39
52
S
o
u
t
h
w
e
st
M
o
n
so
o
n
27
42
I
n
t
e
r
-
M
o
n
s
o
o
n
28
68
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Stan
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
o
f
wet
s
cin
till
atio
n
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
atten
u
atio
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
ea
s
o
n
0
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
4
0
.
5
0
.
6
0
.
7
0
.
0
0
1
0
.
0
1
0
.
1
1
S
c
i
n
t
i
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
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m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
(
d
B
)
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
o
f
t
i
m
e
(
%
)
S
W
M
o
n
s
o
o
n
N
E
M
o
n
s
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O
n
e
Y
e
a
r
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n
t
e
r
M
o
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0
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2
3
4
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8
9
0
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2
4
0
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0
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8
0
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0
.
3
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0
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0
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3
6
A
t
t
e
n
u
a
t
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c
i
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y
e
a
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
42
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
7
2
1
-
72
8
726
6.
DIURNA
L
VAR
I
A
T
I
O
N
B
esid
es
s
ea
s
o
n
al
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
v
ar
iatio
n
s
,
th
e
d
iu
r
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
eq
u
ato
r
ial
Ma
lay
s
ia
ar
e
al
s
o
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
e
tak
en
in
to
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
b
y
th
e
s
atellite
o
p
er
ato
r
s
an
d
r
a
d
io
en
g
in
ee
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
f
ad
e
m
ar
g
in
d
esig
n
in
th
is
h
ea
v
y
r
ain
r
e
g
io
n
th
at
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tly
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
p
r
ec
ip
itatio
n
r
ates
at
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
tim
es
o
f
th
e
d
ay
.
T
h
e
C
C
DF
s
o
f
d
iu
r
n
al
wet
s
cin
till
atio
n
f
ad
e
as
r
ep
o
r
te
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
t
h
at
h
ig
h
e
r
s
cin
till
atio
n
f
ad
e
ar
e
lik
ely
t
o
o
cc
u
r
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ev
en
in
g
an
d
late
e
v
en
in
g
p
er
io
d
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
o
th
e
r
tim
es
o
f
th
e
d
ay
.
Su
ch
d
ata
g
iv
es g
o
o
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ato
r
s
an
d
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
s
wh
o
n
e
ed
to
u
n
d
er
tak
e
t
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
li
n
k
s
er
v
ices
s
y
s
tem
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
b
u
s
iest
b
u
s
in
ess
h
o
u
r
s
,
to
s
u
itab
ly
d
esig
n
th
e
f
ad
e
m
ar
g
i
n
b
ased
o
n
s
ea
s
o
n
al
an
d
d
iu
r
n
al
v
ar
iati
o
n
s
.
Diu
r
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
is
g
r
ea
tly
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
s
ea
s
o
n
al
ch
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g
es.
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h
u
s
,
it
is
im
p
o
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ta
n
t
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
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tics
o
f
d
iu
r
n
al
v
ar
i
atio
n
with
in
ea
c
h
s
ea
s
o
n
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
NE
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
s
ea
s
o
n
,
h
ig
h
er
s
cin
till
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n
in
ten
s
ity
is
ty
p
ically
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
e
late
af
ter
n
o
o
n
,
b
etwe
en
4
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.
RE
F
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NC
E
S
[
1
]
I
.
F
.
El
-
S
h
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m
i
,
H
.
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La
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,
J.
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Jo
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.
[
2
]
I
.
F
.
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S
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mi
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A
.
Y
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M
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Pr
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[
3
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H
.
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4
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F
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s
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m
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,
J
.
D
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6
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.
[
5
]
H
.
Y
.
La
m
,
L.
L
u
i
n
i
,
J
.
D
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n
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.
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6
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A
.
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me
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,
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N
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