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Science
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42
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2
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,
p
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.
767
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to
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R
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Oct
1
9
,
2
0
2
5
R
ev
is
ed
Ma
r
2
8
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2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
Ma
y
2
6
,
2
0
2
6
Th
e
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
o
f
imm
e
rsiv
e
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
su
c
h
a
s
v
irt
u
a
l
re
a
li
t
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(VR)
a
n
d
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
re
a
li
t
y
(AR)
fa
c
e
s
t
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h
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ll
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g
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o
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ica
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b
e
twe
e
n
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
c
o
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n
tri
e
s
(HIC)
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
(LM
IC).
I
n
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
t
h
is
imp
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
is
h
a
m
p
e
re
d
b
y
a
n
a
c
u
te
d
i
g
it
a
l
d
iv
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d
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
b
se
n
c
e
o
f
a
n
a
d
a
p
ti
v
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g
u
lat
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ry
fra
m
e
wo
rk
.
Th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
p
ro
p
o
se
s
P
a
n
c
a
sila
-
d
riv
e
n
VR/A
R
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
(
P
D
-
VA
REA),
a
m
u
lt
id
ime
n
si
o
n
a
l
fra
m
e
wo
rk
th
a
t
in
teg
ra
tes
p
rin
c
i
p
les
o
f
so
c
ial
j
u
stice
in
to
tec
h
n
ica
l
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
e
d
g
e
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o
m
p
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ti
n
g
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
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iv
e
re
n
d
e
rin
g
.
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h
e
n
o
v
e
l
ty
o
f
th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
li
e
s
in
th
e
fo
rm
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
tea
c
h
e
r
re
a
d
in
e
ss
in
d
e
x
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e
a
d
y
)
u
si
n
g
a
n
i
n
teg
r
a
l
c
a
lcu
lu
s
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
p
re
d
ict
sy
ste
m
ic
re
a
d
in
e
ss
.
Nu
m
e
rica
l
sim
u
latio
n
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
P
D
-
VA
R
EA
m
o
d
e
l
p
ro
d
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e
s
a
Trea
d
y
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
2
.
4
(Hig
h
Re
a
d
in
e
ss
),
fa
r
e
x
c
e
e
d
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
m
a
rk
et
-
d
ri
v
e
n
m
o
d
e
l
,
wh
ich
re
a
c
h
e
s
0
.
6
.
Th
e
se
fi
n
d
in
g
s
p
ro
v
e
th
a
t
th
e
i
n
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
c
o
st
-
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(fr
u
g
a
l
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
)
wit
h
p
u
b
li
c
p
o
li
c
ies
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
F
ift
h
P
rin
c
i
p
le
o
f
P
a
n
c
a
sila
is
a
b
le
to
e
m
p
h
a
siz
e
n
e
two
rk
late
n
c
y
b
e
lo
w
2
0
m
s
w
h
il
e
e
n
su
ri
n
g
e
q
u
it
a
b
le
a
c
c
e
ss
.
Th
is
a
rti
c
le
p
ro
v
id
e
s
a
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
i
n
th
e
f
o
rm
o
f
a
p
re
d
ictiv
e
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
stra
teg
ic
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
p
o
li
c
y
m
a
k
e
rs
in
LM
IC
to
m
it
i
g
a
te
th
e
risk
s
o
f
d
ig
i
tal
in
e
q
u
a
li
ty
i
n
t
h
e
g
l
o
b
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
tran
sfo
rm
a
ti
o
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
Pu
b
lic
p
o
licy
So
cial
ju
s
tice
T
ea
ch
er
r
ea
d
i
n
ess
Vir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Helg
a
C
h
ar
o
lin
a
An
to
n
ia
Sil
u
b
u
n
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
R
esear
ch
a
n
d
E
v
a
lu
atio
n
,
Gr
ad
u
ate
Sch
o
o
l
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Neg
er
i Y
o
g
y
ak
ar
t
a
J
l.
C
o
lo
m
b
o
No
.
1
,
Kar
an
g
m
alan
g
,
Slem
an
,
Yo
g
y
ak
ar
ta
5
5
2
8
1
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail: h
elg
ac
h
ar
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.
2
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2
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@
s
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ac
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ac
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I
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UCT
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T
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in
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s
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lu
tio
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4
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0
er
a
d
em
an
d
s
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
a
d
ap
tatio
n
s
in
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
f
ac
e
f
u
tu
r
e
ch
allen
g
es.
C
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
o
f
ten
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
less
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
ex
p
lain
in
g
co
m
p
lex
an
d
a
b
s
tr
ac
t
co
n
ce
p
ts
.
Fro
m
th
is
,
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
im
m
er
s
iv
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
s
u
ch
as
v
ir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
(
VR
)
an
d
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lity
(
AR
)
b
ec
o
m
es
v
e
r
y
r
el
ev
an
t.
VR
cr
ea
tes
a
co
m
p
letely
s
im
u
lated
d
ig
ita
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
wh
ile
AR
o
v
er
lay
s
d
ig
ital
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
t
o
th
e
r
ea
l
wo
r
ld
[
1
]
.
B
o
th
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
allo
w
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
“b
e
in
”
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
m
ater
ial,
tu
r
n
in
g
a
p
as
s
iv
e
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
in
t
o
an
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
o
n
e
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
VR
/AR
in
teg
r
atio
n
is
h
ig
h
l
y
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
p
ed
a
g
o
g
i
ca
l
co
n
ten
t
kno
wled
g
e
(
T
PAC
K)
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
.
T
ea
c
h
er
s
n
ee
d
in
teg
r
ate
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
to
o
p
er
ate
t
h
is
to
o
l
as
an
ap
p
licab
le
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
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4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
42
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
7
6
7
-
7
7
3
768
lear
n
in
g
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t.
Pre
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
r
ep
o
r
ts
co
n
s
is
ten
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
in
th
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
co
n
ce
p
ts
an
d
h
ig
h
er
-
o
r
d
er
s
k
i
lls
wh
en
VR
/
AR
i
s
in
teg
r
ated
p
ed
ag
o
g
ically
[
1
]
,
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
VR
an
d
AR
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
es
s
p
atial
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
ab
o
u
t
s
u
b
jects
,
p
ed
ag
o
g
y
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
t
o
s
ee
AR
/V
R
a
s
a
u
s
ef
u
l
an
d
ap
p
licab
le
to
o
l
in
lear
n
in
g
.
Sev
er
al
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
co
n
s
is
ten
t
in
cr
ea
s
es
in
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
o
f
co
m
p
lex
co
n
ce
p
ts
an
d
h
ig
h
er
-
o
r
d
er
s
k
ills
wh
en
VR
/AR
is
in
teg
r
ated
p
ed
ag
o
g
ically
,
wh
er
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
VR
an
d
AR
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
es
s
p
atial
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
,
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
,
an
d
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
with
m
u
ltis
en
s
o
r
y
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
s
h
o
ws
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
ten
tial
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
ac
r
o
s
s
co
g
n
itiv
e,
e
m
o
tio
n
al,
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al,
an
d
s
o
cial
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
[
4
]
,
[
7
]
-
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
i
n
im
m
er
s
iv
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
ad
ap
ti
v
e
s
y
s
tem
s
f
u
r
th
er
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
s
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
o
f
le
ar
n
in
g
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
v
ar
io
u
s
ab
ilit
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
o
s
e
with
s
p
ec
ial
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
n
ee
d
s
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
s
tu
d
ies
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
AR
/VR
s
h
o
w
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
esu
lts
in
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
in
ter
est
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
m
ater
ial
th
r
o
u
g
h
3
D
v
is
u
al
r
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
,
s
u
ch
as
co
m
p
u
ter
h
ar
d
wa
r
e,
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t,
an
d
ar
t
an
d
cu
ltu
r
e
[1
2
]
-
[
1
8
]
.
AR
allo
w
s
th
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
ab
s
tr
ac
t
co
n
ce
p
ts
in
to
co
n
cr
ete
o
b
jects
th
at
ar
e
ea
s
ier
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
,
wh
ile
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
in
g
e
x
p
l
o
r
atio
n
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
an
d
s
m
all
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
in
class
.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
at,
d
is
tan
c
e
lear
n
in
g
at
th
e
ter
tiar
y
lev
el
s
h
o
ws
th
at
VR
/A
R
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
s
t
u
d
en
t
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
in
b
len
d
e
d
lear
n
in
g
,
with
a
s
er
ies o
f
AR
/VR
m
o
d
u
les d
esig
n
ed
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ial
[
1
9
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
AR
/VR
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
f
ac
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
c
h
allen
g
es
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
m
o
b
ile
d
e
v
ice
co
m
p
u
tin
g
ca
p
ac
ity
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
s
tab
ilit
y
.
Glo
b
ally
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
d
is
cr
ep
an
cies
in
VR
/AR
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
etwe
en
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
co
u
n
tr
ies
(
HI
C
)
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
(
L
MI
C
)
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
lo
ca
l
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
,
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
L
MI
C
s
,
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
im
m
er
s
iv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
is
o
f
ten
h
am
p
er
ed
b
y
lim
ited
d
ig
ital in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
d
ev
ice
av
ailab
ilit
y
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
co
-
c
r
ea
tio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
v
o
lv
in
g
lo
ca
l
p
r
a
ctitio
n
er
s
is
cr
u
cial
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
ele
v
an
ce
o
f
th
e
c
u
r
r
i
cu
lu
m
to
th
e
lo
ca
l
ch
ar
ac
ter
a
n
d
c
u
ltu
r
al
c
o
n
tex
t
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia
its
elf
,
th
e
m
ain
o
b
s
tacle
lies
in
v
a
r
iab
le
b
an
d
wid
th
a
n
d
n
etwo
r
k
laten
c
y
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
n
o
t
u
n
if
o
r
m
b
etwe
en
r
e
g
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
r
ea
d
in
ess
m
o
d
el
th
at
n
o
t
o
n
ly
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
p
e
d
ag
o
g
y
,
b
u
t
also
o
n
o
p
tim
izin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
th
at
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
in
m
in
im
al
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
l
o
w
-
en
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
)
.
De
s
p
ite
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
ig
ital
ad
o
p
tio
n
,
n
atio
n
al
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
VR
/AR
i
s
s
till
at
an
ea
r
ly
s
tag
e
with
h
ig
h
lev
els
o
f
d
is
p
ar
ities
.
Oth
er
ch
allen
g
es
in
clu
d
e
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
co
n
ten
t
r
elev
an
t
to
th
e
n
atio
n
al
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
,
an
d
teac
h
er
s
'
tech
n
ical
u
n
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
n
ess
in
m
an
ag
in
g
i
m
m
er
s
iv
e
-
b
ased
d
i
g
ital m
ed
ia
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
s
h
to
im
p
lem
en
t
AR
/VR
is
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
g
lo
b
al
d
ig
ital
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
b
u
t
em
p
ir
i
ca
l
ev
id
en
ce
s
h
o
ws
th
at
cu
r
r
en
t
ad
o
p
tio
n
ten
d
s
to
b
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
in
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
s
with
s
u
p
er
io
r
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
ac
ce
s
s
[
2
5
]
-
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
is
d
is
p
ar
ity
co
n
d
itio
n
r
is
k
s
v
io
latin
g
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
So
cial
J
u
s
tice
(
5
th
Prin
cip
le
o
f
Pan
ca
s
ila)
.
W
it
h
o
u
t
a
m
at
u
r
e
p
o
licy
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
th
e
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
is
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
will
o
n
ly
cr
ea
te
a
d
o
u
b
le
p
r
o
b
lem
:
(
1
)
ex
ac
er
b
atin
g
t
h
e
d
ig
ital
d
i
v
id
e,
an
d
(
2
)
c
r
ea
tin
g
et
h
ical
r
is
k
s
an
d
leg
al
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
d
u
e
to
th
e
ab
s
en
c
e
o
f
r
e
g
u
latio
n
s
th
at
tie
th
e
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
n
atio
n
al
v
alu
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
n
ew
T
ea
ch
er
R
ea
d
in
ess
Mo
d
el
is
n
ee
d
ed
,
wh
er
e
r
ea
d
in
ess
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
f
r
o
m
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
tec
h
n
ical
co
m
p
eten
ce
,
b
u
t
also
f
r
o
m
p
o
licy
r
ea
d
in
ess
th
at
en
s
u
r
e
s
f
air
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
teg
r
ated
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
r
esear
ch
g
ap
s
,
th
is
ar
ticle
aim
s
to
:
(
1
)
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
Mu
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
VR
/A
R
T
ea
ch
er
Su
itab
ilit
y
Mo
d
el
th
at
i
n
teg
r
ates
tech
n
ical
an
d
eth
ical
r
e
g
u
lato
r
y
asp
ec
ts
o
f
Pan
ca
s
ila
,
an
d
(
2
)
f
o
r
m
u
late
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
s
o
cial
ju
s
tice
-
b
ased
p
u
b
lic
p
o
licies
to
ac
h
iev
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
h
ar
m
o
n
izatio
n
an
d
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
eq
u
ality
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
d
is
p
ar
ities
an
d
s
y
s
tem
ic
u
n
p
r
ep
ar
ed
n
ess
,
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
Pan
ca
s
ila
-
d
r
iv
en
VR
/A
R
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
(
PD
-
VAREA)
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
is
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
is
d
esig
n
ed
as a
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
alig
n
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
n
o
v
at
io
n
with
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
s
o
cial
ju
s
tice.
T
h
e
PD
-
VAREA
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
lay
er
s
th
at
a
r
e
in
teg
r
ated
with
ea
ch
o
th
er
,
as f
o
llo
ws:
a)
L
ay
er
1
:
Go
v
er
n
a
n
ce
an
d
eth
i
cs
(
Pan
ca
s
ila
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
)
:
T
h
i
s
lay
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
g
r
o
u
n
d
n
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
f
if
th
p
r
in
ci
p
le
(
s
o
cial
ju
s
tice
)
is
tr
an
s
la
ted
i
n
to
a
d
ig
ital g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
p
r
o
to
co
l th
at
r
eq
u
ir
es
eq
u
al
ac
ce
s
s
.
On
th
e
tech
n
i
ca
l
s
id
e,
th
is
lay
er
m
an
a
g
e
s
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
wh
ich
au
to
m
atica
lly
p
r
i
o
r
itizes
co
n
t
en
t
f
o
r
r
eg
io
n
s
with
a
lo
w
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
in
d
ex
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
r
in
cip
le
(
ju
s
t
an
d
civ
ilized
h
u
m
an
ity
)
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
h
ig
h
-
lev
el
d
ata
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
to
en
s
u
r
e
d
ig
ital p
r
i
v
ac
y
an
d
eth
i
cs f
o
r
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
b)
L
ay
er
2
:
I
n
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
an
d
e
d
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
:
T
h
is
lay
er
is
to
ad
d
r
ess
n
etwo
r
k
laten
cy
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
an
d
b
an
d
wid
th
lim
itatio
n
s
in
r
em
o
te
ar
ea
s
(
u
r
b
an
v
s
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
)
.
T
h
is
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ed
g
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Ha
r
mo
n
iz
a
tio
n
o
f reg
u
la
tio
n
s
a
n
d
in
n
o
va
ti
o
n
:
V
R
/AR
tea
ch
er
…
(
Helg
a
C
h
a
r
o
lin
a
A
n
t
o
n
i
a
S
ilu
b
u
n
)
769
co
m
p
u
tin
g
n
o
d
e
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast
to
ce
n
tr
alize
d
clo
u
d
s
y
s
tem
s
t
h
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
h
ig
h
ly
s
tab
le
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
,
ed
g
e
n
o
d
es
ar
e
p
lace
d
o
n
lo
c
al
s
er
v
er
s
at
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l.
T
h
is
allo
w
s
th
e
VR
/AR
co
n
ten
t
r
en
d
er
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
lo
ca
lly
,
th
er
e
b
y
r
e
d
u
cin
g
laten
c
y
to
b
elo
w
2
0
m
s
-
a
cr
itical
th
r
esh
o
ld
f
o
r
p
r
e
v
en
tin
g
m
o
tio
n
s
ick
n
ess
wh
ile
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
r
em
ain
s
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
in
m
in
im
al
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
lo
w
-
en
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
)
.
c)
L
ay
er
3
:
Ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
a
d
a
p
tin
g
r
en
d
er
i
n
g
:
At
th
is
lay
er
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
with
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
b
itra
te
r
en
d
e
r
in
g
f
ea
tu
r
e
.
T
h
i
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
m
o
o
t
h
ly
ad
j
u
s
ts
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
VR
/AR
g
r
ap
h
i
cs
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ice
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
teac
h
er
.
I
f
a
teac
h
er
is
u
s
in
g
a
d
ev
ice
with
lo
w
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
wil
l
au
to
m
atica
lly
p
er
f
o
r
m
d
o
w
n
-
s
am
p
lin
g
with
o
u
t
r
e
d
u
cin
g
t
h
e
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
ten
t.
T
h
is
g
u
ar
an
tees
th
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
in
clu
s
iv
ity
,
wh
er
e
h
ar
d
war
e
li
m
itatio
n
s
d
o
n
o
t
b
ec
o
m
e
a
b
ar
r
ier
to
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
d)
L
ay
er
4
:
User
r
ea
d
in
ess
an
al
y
tics
:
T
h
e
f
in
al
lay
er
is
an
an
aly
tical
en
g
i
n
e
th
at
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
teac
h
e
r
r
ea
d
in
ess
in
d
ex
(
T
r
ea
d
y
)
.
Dat
a
is
co
llected
v
ia
an
API
th
at
r
ec
o
r
d
s
teac
h
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
with
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
m
aste
r
in
g
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
(
UI
/UX
m
aster
y
)
an
d
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
d
el
iv
er
im
m
er
s
iv
e
co
n
ten
t.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
an
aly
tics
wil
l
b
e
th
e
b
asi
s
f
o
r
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
an
d
tar
g
eted
tr
ain
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
PD
-
V
AR
E
A
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
in
teg
r
atin
g
Pan
ca
s
ila
v
alu
es in
to
tech
n
ica
l la
y
er
s
e)
Ma
th
em
atica
l
d
er
iv
atio
n
o
f
t
ea
ch
er
r
ea
d
i
n
ess
in
d
ex
(
T
r
ea
d
y
)
:
T
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
cien
tific
ev
id
en
ce
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el,
th
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
r
m
u
lated
th
e
teac
h
er
R
ea
d
i
n
ess
I
n
d
ex
(
T
r
ea
d
y
)
.
T
h
is
in
d
ex
is
d
er
iv
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
r
atio
b
e
twee
n
s
y
s
tem
ca
p
ac
ity
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
9
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
Mo
n
th
2
0
9
9
:
1
-
1
x
4
a
n
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
m
p
lex
ity
in
a
ce
r
tain
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
tim
e
s
p
an
[
t0
,
t1
]
.
T
h
e
b
asic e
q
u
ati
o
n
f
o
r
th
is
in
d
ex
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
(
1
)
.
=
∫
(
)
.
(
)
1
0
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
th
e
v
ar
iab
les ar
e
d
ef
in
e
d
as f
o
llo
ws;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
42
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
7
6
7
-
7
7
3
770
(
)
(
C
o
m
p
u
te
C
ap
ab
ilit
y
)
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
teac
h
er
s
'
tech
n
ical
ca
p
ac
ity
(
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
)
an
d
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
co
m
p
eten
ce
o
v
er
tim
e.
(
)
(
C
o
n
ten
t
C
o
m
p
lex
ity
)
,
is
th
e
lev
el
o
f
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
VR
/AR
co
n
ten
t
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
an
ag
ed
b
y
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
te
ac
h
er
.
(
Har
m
o
n
izatio
n
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
)
,
wh
er
e
th
is
p
o
licy
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
Pan
ca
s
ila
-
b
ased
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
in
r
e
d
u
cin
g
tech
n
i
ca
l b
ar
r
ier
s
(
s
u
ch
as p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
ed
g
e
s
er
v
er
s
o
r
d
e
v
ice
s
u
b
s
id
ies
).
f)
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
al
u
atio
n
cr
iter
ia
:
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
P
D
-
VAREA
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
T
r
ea
d
y
ca
lcu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
ar
e
ca
teg
o
r
i
ze
d
in
to
th
r
ee
lev
els o
f
s
y
s
tem
ic
r
ea
d
in
ess
:
−
Hig
h
r
ea
d
in
ess
(
T
r
ea
d
y
>
1
)
:
C
ap
ac
ity
an
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
ex
c
ee
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
g
u
ar
an
teein
g
s
tab
le
an
d
f
air
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
.
−
Mo
d
er
ate
r
ea
d
in
ess
(
T
r
ea
d
y
=
1
)
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
at
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
lim
it,
r
eq
u
ir
i
n
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
o
licy
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
f
o
r
l
o
n
g
-
ter
m
s
tab
ilit
y
.
−
C
r
itical
g
ap
(
T
r
ea
d
y
<
1
)
:
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
m
p
lex
ity
ex
ce
e
d
s
s
y
s
tem
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
ca
p
ac
ity
,
wh
ich
h
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial to
wid
e
n
th
e
d
i
g
ital
d
iv
id
e
an
d
v
io
late
th
e
p
r
in
ci
p
les o
f
s
o
cial
ju
s
tice.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Num
er
ic
a
l
s
im
ula
t
io
n o
f
t
ea
cher
re
a
din
ess
ind
ex
(T
r
eady
)
B
ased
o
n
th
e
in
teg
r
al
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
Sectio
n
2
,
a
n
u
m
er
i
ca
l
s
im
u
latio
n
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
p
r
e
d
ict
th
e
lev
el
o
f
r
ea
d
in
ess
o
f
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
VR
/AR
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
s
y
n
th
etic
p
ar
am
eter
s
wh
ich
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
(
c
=
1
0
,
k
=
5
)
a
n
d
p
o
licy
h
ar
m
o
n
izatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
μ
=
0
.
8
)
,
wh
ich
r
e
f
lects
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
S
o
cia
l
J
u
s
tice
v
alu
es,
th
e
ca
lcu
l
atio
n
r
esu
lts
u
s
in
g
(
1
)
ar
e
as f
o
llo
ws
:
=
∫
10
.
0
,
8
5
=
2
,
4
1
0
T
h
e
T
ready
v
alu
e
is
2
.
4
,
in
d
ica
tin
g
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
h
as
a
h
i
g
h
lev
el
o
f
r
ea
d
in
ess
(
Hig
h
R
ea
d
in
ess
)
.
T
ec
h
n
ically
,
th
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
's
g
r
o
wth
ca
p
ac
ity
(
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
)
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
th
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ic
al
co
n
ten
t a
d
o
p
ted
.
3
.
2
.
Co
m
pa
t
iv
e
a
na
ly
s
is
:
po
licy
-
driv
en
v
s
.
m
a
r
k
et
-
driv
en
a
do
ptio
n
W
e
ca
n
s
ee
a
c
o
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
an
aly
s
is
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
PD
-
VAREA
m
o
d
el
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ad
o
p
tio
n
m
o
d
el
(
with
o
u
t
Pan
ca
s
ila
p
o
licy
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
)
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
an
s
wer
cr
iticis
m
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
v
io
latin
g
s
o
cial
j
u
s
tice.
W
ith
o
u
t
p
o
licy
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
(
lo
w
μ
)
,
t
h
e
T
ready
v
al
u
e
f
alls
b
elo
w
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
th
r
esh
o
ld
(
<
1
)
,
w
h
ich
m
ath
em
atica
lly
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
at
im
m
er
s
iv
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
will
wid
en
th
e
g
ap
if
lef
t w
ith
o
u
t f
av
o
r
ab
le
r
e
g
u
lati
o
n
s
(
5
th
Pre
ce
p
t)
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Po
licy
-
d
r
iv
en
v
s
.
m
ar
k
et
-
d
r
iv
e
n
ad
o
p
tio
n
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
H
a
r
mo
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
(
)
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
I
mp
a
c
t
o
n
t
h
e
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
d
i
v
i
d
e
M
a
r
k
e
t
-
d
r
i
v
e
n
(
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
)
0
.
2
0
.
6
H
i
g
h
:
A
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
l
y
o
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
l
i
t
e
sc
h
o
o
l
s
PD
-
V
A
R
EA
(
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
)
0
.
8
2
.
4
Lo
w
:
T
h
e
r
e
i
s
e
q
u
a
l
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
n
f
r
a
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
a
c
c
e
ss
3
.
3
.
E
dg
e
co
m
pu
t
ing
a
s
a
t
e
chnica
l m
a
nife
s
t
a
t
io
n o
f
s
o
ci
a
l j
us
t
ice
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ed
g
e
C
o
m
p
u
tin
g
in
th
e
PD
-
VAREA
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
h
as
b
ee
n
th
eo
r
etica
lly
p
r
o
v
en
to
b
e
ab
le
to
r
ed
u
c
e
n
etwo
r
k
laten
c
y
to
b
elo
w
2
0
m
s
in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
is
is
in
lin
e
with
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
I
m
ad
u
d
d
in
[
2
3
]
wh
o
s
tated
th
at
th
e
m
ain
o
b
s
tacle
to
d
ig
italizatio
n
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
is
u
n
ev
en
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
T
PAC
K
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
is
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
in
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
ch
[
5
]
,
[
7
]
,
th
e
PD
-
VAR
E
A
m
o
d
el
o
f
f
er
s
a
n
ew
d
im
en
s
io
n
,
n
am
ely
“Reg
u
lato
r
y
R
ea
d
in
ess
”.
T
h
e
PD
-
VAREA
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
u
s
in
g
ed
g
e
n
o
d
es
alig
n
s
with
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
th
e
So
m
aVR
p
latf
o
r
m
,
wh
ich
em
p
h
asizes
lo
w
-
co
s
t
s
o
f
twar
e
an
d
o
f
f
lin
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
to
a
d
d
r
ess
b
a
n
d
wid
th
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
in
r
em
o
te
ar
ea
s
[
2
8
]
.
B
y
m
in
im
i
zin
g
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
n
h
ig
h
-
b
an
d
wid
th
in
ter
n
et
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
th
is
m
o
d
el
en
s
u
r
es
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
clu
s
iv
ity
in
ac
c
o
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
m
an
d
ate
o
f
th
e
f
if
th
p
r
in
ci
p
le
o
f
p
a
n
ca
s
ila
.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
atio
n
also
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
ch
allen
g
e
s
o
f
clin
ical
v
alid
ity
a
n
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
wh
ich
o
f
ten
v
a
r
y
b
etwe
en
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
[
2
0
]
.
W
e
ar
g
u
e
th
at
te
ac
h
er
r
ea
d
in
ess
is
n
o
t
ju
s
t
a
m
atter
o
f
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
,
b
u
t r
ath
er
a
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
g
u
a
r
an
t
ee
d
b
y
p
u
b
lic
p
o
licy
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Ha
r
mo
n
iz
a
tio
n
o
f reg
u
la
tio
n
s
a
n
d
in
n
o
va
ti
o
n
:
V
R
/AR
tea
ch
er
…
(
Helg
a
C
h
a
r
o
lin
a
A
n
t
o
n
i
a
S
ilu
b
u
n
)
771
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
clu
d
es
th
at
t
h
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
VR
/AR
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
lik
e
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia
r
eq
u
ir
es
h
ar
m
o
n
izatio
n
b
etwe
en
tech
n
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
a
n
d
n
atio
n
al
v
alu
e
r
e
g
u
latio
n
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
s
two
m
ain
p
o
in
ts
f
o
r
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
in
LMIC
:
(
1
)
Ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
a
'
T
ier
ed
I
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
'
s
tr
ateg
y
to
m
an
ag
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
v
ar
iati
o
n
s
,
an
d
(
2
)
Stan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
o
f
VR
/AR
im
p
ac
t
ev
alu
atio
n
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
an
d
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
v
alid
ity
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
Har
m
o
n
izatio
n
b
etwe
en
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
(
Pan
ca
s
ila
)
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
)
is
th
e
k
ey
to
s
u
cc
ess
in
eq
u
alizin
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
is
lan
d
co
u
n
tr
ies.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
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T
S
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
wo
u
ld
lik
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to
t
h
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k
th
e
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Fu
n
d
Ma
n
ag
e
m
en
t
I
n
s
titu
te
(
L
PDP)
o
f
th
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia
f
o
r
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
'
s
d
o
cto
r
al
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
a
n
k
s
ar
e
also
ex
p
r
ess
ed
to
Mu
s
am
u
s
Un
iv
er
s
ity
(
UNM
US)
an
d
Yo
g
y
a
k
ar
ta
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
(
UNY)
f
o
r
t
h
eir
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t in
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t t
h
e
r
esear
ch
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
an
d
f
u
n
d
ed
b
y
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
n
d
o
wm
en
t
Fu
n
d
f
o
r
E
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
(
L
PDP)
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
Do
ct
o
r
al
Sch
o
lar
s
h
ip
Pro
g
r
a
m
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
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ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Helg
a
C
h
ar
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lin
a
An
to
n
ia
Sil
u
b
u
n
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Dad
an
R
o
s
an
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Sam
s
u
l H
ad
i
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
Data
av
ailab
ilit
y
is
n
o
t
ap
p
li
ca
b
le
to
th
is
p
ap
er
as
n
o
n
e
w
d
ata
wer
e
cr
ea
ted
o
r
an
aly
ze
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
H
.
Ze
k
e
i
k
,
M
.
C
h
a
h
b
i
,
M
.
S
e
f
i
a
n
L
a
mart
i
,
a
n
d
I
.
B
a
k
k
a
l
i
,
“
A
u
g
me
n
t
e
d
r
e
a
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
r
e
a
l
i
t
y
i
n
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
A
sy
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
n
a
r
r
a
t
i
v
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s,
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s,
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
Eu
ra
s
i
a
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
,
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
e
m
2
6
9
9
–
e
m
2
6
9
9
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
9
3
3
3
/
e
j
ms
t
e
/
1
6
8
3
0
.
[
2
]
R
.
Y
a
d
a
v
,
X
.
N
g
h
i
e
m,
M
.
Y
a
d
a
v
,
a
n
d
N
.
J
a
y
a
n
t
h
a
D
e
w
a
si
r
i
,
“
V
i
r
t
u
a
l
a
n
d
a
u
g
me
n
t
e
d
r
e
a
l
i
t
y
i
n
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
r
o
b
o
t
i
c
s b
o
o
k
ser
i
e
s
,
p
p
.
1
2
9
–
1
5
0
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
4
0
1
8
/
9
7
9
-
8
-
3
6
9
3
-
8
9
1
5
-
7
.
c
h
0
0
6
.
[
3
]
R. A
.
F
a
r
e
st
a
,
T.
Z
.
S
.
B
.
N
i
c
h
o
l
a
s,
Y
.
C
h
i
,
I
.
A
.
N
.
S
i
n
a
m
b
e
l
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
Z
.
M
o
p
o
l
i
u
,
“
Ex
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
o
f
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
r
e
a
l
i
t
y
(
V
R
)
in
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
st
u
d
e
n
t
s’
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
sk
i
l
l
s:
a
n
a
r
r
a
t
i
v
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
t
h
e
l
a
st
f
i
v
e
y
e
a
r
s,”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ess
e
n
t
i
a
l
C
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
I
n
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
7
–
2
3
9
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
6
3
1
2
/
i
j
e
c
e
.
v
3
i
2
.
2
4
0
7
.
[
4
]
J.
C
h
e
n
,
Z.
F
u
,
H
.
Li
u
,
a
n
d
J.
W
a
n
g
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
r
e
a
l
i
t
y
o
n
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
e
n
g
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
We
b
-
b
a
s
e
d
L
e
a
rn
i
n
g
a
n
d
T
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
4
0
1
8
/
i
j
w
l
t
t
.
3
3
4
8
4
9
.
[
5
]
N
.
-
B
e
r
d
u
z
c
o
-
T
o
r
r
e
s,
“
F
a
m
i
l
y
l
o
n
e
l
i
n
e
ss
:
i
t
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
o
f
e
mp
a
t
h
y
,
t
e
a
mw
o
r
k
a
n
d
l
i
f
e
l
o
n
g
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
i
n
med
i
c
a
l
st
u
d
e
n
t
s,
”
Fr
o
n
t
i
e
r
s
i
n
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
-
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
a
p
i
.
e
l
se
v
i
e
r
.
c
o
m/
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
/
a
b
st
r
a
c
t
/
s
c
o
p
u
s
_
i
d
/
8
5
0
9
0
2
1
3
2
5
1
[
6
]
X
.
Li
,
“
N
e
u
r
a
l
S
I
:
s
t
r
u
c
t
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:
sa
m
su
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c
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id
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.