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Adv
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622
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SS
N:
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PV)
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p
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[
1
]
−
[
3
]
.
T
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[
4
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,
[
5
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.
Ho
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[
6
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,
[
7
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.
T
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y
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[
8
]
−
[
1
0
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.
Me
an
wh
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t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Ap
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I
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N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
Mu
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623
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[
1
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is
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1
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s
an
d
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t
u
s
ag
e,
a
n
d
im
p
ac
ts
th
e
in
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
PV
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
in
h
o
m
e
p
o
we
r
s
u
p
p
lies
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
Desp
ite
r
ec
en
t
ad
v
an
c
es
in
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
-
b
ased
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
u
s
in
g
s
en
s
o
r
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
PZE
M
-
0
0
4
T
a
n
d
E
SP
8
2
6
6
,
m
o
s
t
ex
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
o
n
ly
o
n
e
lay
er
o
f
p
r
o
tectio
n
(
th
e
r
m
al
o
r
elec
tr
ic
al
o
n
ly
)
an
d
o
f
ten
lack
au
t
o
m
atic
f
au
lt
m
itig
atio
n
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
clea
r
r
esear
ch
g
ap
in
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
ese
two
lay
er
s
in
to
a
u
n
if
ied
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
th
at
r
em
ain
s
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
u
r
in
g
p
o
wer
o
u
ta
g
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
af
et
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
h
at
in
teg
r
at
es
m
u
ltip
le
lay
er
s
o
f
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
o
r
m
u
lti
-
lev
el
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
,
is
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
is
is
s
u
e
is
o
p
tim
izin
g
PV
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
b
y
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
an
d
m
an
ag
in
g
p
an
el
s
u
r
f
ac
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
p
atter
n
s
.
Ma
c
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
(
ML
)
m
eth
o
d
s
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
th
eir
r
ap
i
d
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
i
tio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
r
o
m
im
ag
e
d
ata
ca
p
tu
r
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
m
o
v
is
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
1
9
]
−
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
d
ata
was
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
k
-
n
ea
r
est
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
(
KNN)
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
d
eter
m
in
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
r
ec
all,
an
d
F1
-
s
co
r
e
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
is
s
u
es,
s
u
ch
as
id
en
tify
in
g
tem
p
er
at
u
r
es
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
id
ea
l
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
5
°C
to
35
°C
,
allo
win
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
im
m
ed
iately
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
to
o
p
tim
ize
elec
tr
ical
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
[
2
3
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
t
o
im
p
lem
e
n
t
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
u
lti
-
lev
el
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
la
y
er
,
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
PV
p
r
o
t
ec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
was
o
p
tim
ized
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
te
g
r
ated
d
y
n
am
ic
I
o
T
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
u
tili
ze
s
th
e
PZE
M
-
0
0
4
T
s
en
s
o
r
m
o
d
u
le
t
o
r
ea
d
v
ital
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
s
u
ch
as v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
e
n
t,
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
,
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
en
h
an
ce
d
with
an
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
,
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
E
SP
8
2
6
6
m
o
d
u
le,
w
h
ich
e
n
ab
les
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
s
y
s
tem
r
esil
ien
ce
,
a
d
ed
icate
d
b
a
tter
y
b
ac
k
u
p
s
u
p
p
ly
is
in
te
g
r
ated
to
m
ain
tain
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
cr
itical
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
s
.
Ov
er
all
,
th
is
s
y
s
tem
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
elec
tr
ical
p
r
o
tectio
n
f
o
r
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
PV
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
i
s
m
ea
n
s
th
at
wh
en
an
o
v
er
lo
a
d
o
r
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
cu
r
r
en
t
o
cc
u
r
s
(
s
u
ch
as
an
au
to
m
a
tic
d
is
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
r
ea
d
in
g
s
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
s
et
elec
tr
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
)
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
will
au
to
m
atica
lly
cu
t
o
f
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
[
2
5
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
,
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
an
in
teg
r
ated
th
er
m
a
l
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
lay
er
u
s
in
g
KNN
-
b
ased
class
if
icatio
n
with
th
er
m
o
v
is
d
ata,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
an
elec
tr
ical
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
lay
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
I
o
T
-
b
ased
au
to
m
atic
r
elay
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
an
d
a
b
atter
y
-
p
o
wer
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
ted
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
T
h
is
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
PC
an
d
An
d
r
o
id
a
p
p
lic
atio
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izin
g
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
PV
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
af
e
elec
tr
icity
u
s
e
in
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
tallatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
ated
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
af
ety
o
f
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
-
s
ca
le
PV sy
s
tem
s
i
n
tr
o
p
ical
r
e
g
io
n
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
th
er
m
al
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
cy
lay
er
r
elies
o
n
d
y
n
am
ic
I
o
T
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
a
n
d
ML
to
en
s
u
r
e
ea
r
ly
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ataset
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
3
0
0
t
h
er
m
o
v
is
io
n
im
ag
es,
wh
ic
h
wer
e
ca
p
tu
r
e
d
u
n
d
e
r
v
ar
y
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
to
r
ec
o
r
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
p
att
er
n
s
o
n
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
t
h
e
PV
p
an
els.
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
av
o
id
s
elec
tio
n
b
ias,
th
e
d
ataset
was sp
li
t in
to
a
tr
ain
in
g
s
et
o
f
2
1
0
im
a
g
es a
n
d
a
test
in
g
s
et
o
f
9
0
im
ag
es,
f
o
llo
win
g
b
o
th
7
0
:
3
0
an
d
8
0
:2
0
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
r
atio
s
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
v
alid
atio
n
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
d
ataset
p
ar
titi
o
n
in
g
was
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
r
an
d
o
m
ly
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
a
u
n
if
o
r
m
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
class
es a
n
d
f
ea
t
u
r
es a
cr
o
s
s
b
o
th
s
u
b
s
ets.
T
h
e
t
r
ain
in
g
s
et
was u
tili
ze
d
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
m
o
d
el,
wh
ile
th
e
test
in
g
s
et
s
er
v
ed
as
a
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
g
en
e
r
aliza
tio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
n
u
n
s
ee
n
d
ata.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
t
h
en
ex
ec
u
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
KNN
alg
o
r
ith
m
with
a
p
ar
am
eter
o
f
k
=3
,
ef
f
ec
ti
v
ely
class
if
y
in
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
as
eith
er
n
o
r
m
al
(
2
5
°C
–
3
5
°C
)
o
r
o
v
er
h
ea
tin
g
.
T
h
is
class
if
icatio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
r
m
al
d
a
m
ag
e
m
itig
atio
n
.
T
h
e
in
s
tallatio
n
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
is
ca
r
ef
u
lly
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
az
im
u
th
an
d
elev
atio
n
p
o
in
t
m
eth
o
d
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
id
ea
l
p
an
el
o
r
ien
tati
o
n
,
wh
ich
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
ef
f
icien
cy
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
r
iter
ia
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
p
tim
al
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
th
er
m
al
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
cy
lay
er
.
T
h
ese
cr
iter
i
a
in
clu
d
e
a
r
ev
iew
o
f
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
p
a
n
els.
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
o
n
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
PV
in
s
tallatio
n
s
an
d
an
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
to
s
o
lar
ce
ll
p
atter
n
s
to
co
n
v
er
t
PV
en
er
g
y
in
to
el
ec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
ca
p
tu
r
es
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
d
ata
to
ev
alu
ate
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
F
ig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
tr
en
d
s
o
f
th
e
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
(
C
o
P)
(
Δ
T
)
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
h
ea
tin
g
an
d
co
o
lin
g
c
y
cles,
wh
ich
is
cr
itical
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
er
m
al
b
eh
av
io
r
.
M
ea
n
wh
ile,
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
[
°C
]
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
am
b
ien
t
c
o
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
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r
th
e
f
a
u
lt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
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:
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633
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m
itig
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
th
er
m
al
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
la
y
er
r
elies
o
n
im
ag
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
c)
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
ca
p
tu
r
ed
th
er
m
al
p
atter
n
o
f
a
s
o
lar
ce
ll
u
n
d
er
n
o
r
m
al
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
er
v
in
g
as
th
e
b
aselin
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
d
)
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
p
atter
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
h
o
t
o
r
o
v
er
h
ea
tin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
w
h
er
e
p
o
ten
tial
d
am
ag
e
is
id
en
tifie
d
.
T
h
ese
ca
p
tu
r
ed
im
ag
es
ar
e
th
en
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
KNN
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
class
if
y
th
e
h
ea
lth
s
tatu
s
o
f
th
e
PV sy
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
th
ese
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
atter
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Stra
teg
ic
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
o
n
g
r
i
d
PV in
s
tallatio
n
in
No
r
t
h
Su
m
atr
a
r
e
g
io
n
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
o
n
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
f
o
r
PV
in
s
tallatio
n
s
an
d
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
ce
ll p
atter
n
s
to
co
n
v
er
t
PV
en
er
g
y
in
to
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
,
(
a)
C
o
P
(
Δ
T)
h
ea
tin
g
/co
o
li
n
g
,
(
b
)
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
[
°C
]
,
(
c)
s
o
lar
ce
ll
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
wh
e
n
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
is
n
o
r
m
al
,
an
d
(
d
)
s
o
lar
ce
ll tem
p
er
a
tu
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
wh
en
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
is
h
o
t
T
h
e
f
in
al
s
tag
e
o
f
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
r
e
d
u
n
d
an
cy
lay
e
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
I
o
T
-
b
ased
p
r
o
tecti
o
n
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
g
r
id
-
tied
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
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s
in
g
PZE
M
-
0
0
4
T
s
en
s
o
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
v
ia
a
n
E
SP
8
2
6
6
m
o
d
u
le
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
v
ital
elec
tr
ical
p
a
r
am
eter
s
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
r
esil
ien
ce
,
a
d
ed
icate
d
1
8
6
5
0
L
i
-
i
o
n
b
atter
y
b
ac
k
u
p
is
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teg
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ated
to
p
r
o
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en
s
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r
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th
e
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o
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m
o
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it
o
r
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g
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n
it
r
em
ain
s
a
c
tiv
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
g
r
id
f
au
lts
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
eq
u
ip
p
e
d
with
a
r
elay
co
n
tr
o
l
as
a
d
is
co
n
n
ec
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
T
h
e
r
elay
is
s
et
to
au
to
m
atica
lly
tr
ip
wh
en
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
d
etec
ts
an
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
1
.
3
0
A
o
r
o
th
er
ab
n
o
r
m
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
E
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
v
alid
atio
n
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
r
elay
tr
ip
p
i
n
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
ac
h
iev
es
an
av
er
a
g
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e
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o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
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0
m
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
r
ap
id
f
au
lt
is
o
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n
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d
in
s
tallatio
n
s
af
ety
.
All
d
at
a
f
r
o
m
b
o
t
h
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ed
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n
d
a
n
cy
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y
er
s
ar
e
in
teg
r
ated
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o
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ito
r
ed
in
r
ea
l
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tim
e
v
ia
PC
an
d
An
d
r
o
id
ap
p
licatio
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s
.
T
h
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
-
tied
PV
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
ated
with
th
e
d
y
n
am
i
c
I
o
T
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b
ased
elec
tr
ical
r
e
d
u
n
d
a
n
cy
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
d
a
m
ag
e
m
itig
atio
n
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
Mu
lti
-
leve
l red
u
n
d
a
n
cy
w
ith
i
n
tern
et
o
f th
in
g
s
b
a
tter
y
s
u
p
p
ly
fo
r
fa
u
lt mitig
a
tio
n
in
…
(
Ha
b
ib
S
a
tr
ia
)
625
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
esil
ien
t
m
u
lti
-
lev
el
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
f
ea
tu
r
in
g
1
8
6
5
0
L
i
-
io
n
b
atter
y
b
ac
k
u
p
s
f
o
r
uni
n
ter
r
u
p
tib
le
d
y
n
am
ic
I
o
T
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
T
h
e
in
teg
r
ated
s
en
s
o
r
p
r
o
tect
io
n
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
as
a
cr
u
cial
lay
er
o
f
m
u
lti
-
lev
el
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
d
am
a
g
e
to
elec
tr
ical
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
a
n
d
as
a
d
etec
to
r
f
o
r
p
o
wer
o
u
tag
es.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ates
u
s
in
g
an
I
o
T
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
o
n
a
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
PV
in
s
tallatio
n
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
ec
h
n
ically
,
th
is
d
y
n
am
ic
I
o
T
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
is
b
u
ilt
ar
o
u
n
d
a
n
o
d
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
n
it
(
No
d
eM
C
U
)
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
lle
r
(
E
SP
8
2
6
6
)
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
in
s
tallatio
n
in
v
o
lv
es
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
c
o
llecto
r
(
VC
C
)
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
(
GND
)
v
i
a
a
s
tep
-
d
o
wn
m
o
d
u
le
t
o
th
e
Vin
an
d
GND
p
in
s
o
n
th
e
No
d
eM
C
U,
en
s
u
r
in
g
a
s
tab
le
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
T
h
e
No
d
eM
C
U
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
m
ain
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
n
it
to
m
o
n
ito
r
,
c
o
n
tr
o
l,
an
d
ac
ti
v
ate
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
lay
er
.
T
h
e
PZE
M
-
0
0
4
T
m
o
d
u
le
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
th
e
No
d
eM
C
U
v
ia
th
e
R
X
a
n
d
T
X
p
in
s
to
r
ea
d
v
ital
elec
tr
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
(
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t,
ac
tiv
e
p
o
we
r
,
a
n
d
en
e
r
g
y
)
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e.
T
h
is
d
ata
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
.
A
r
elay
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
th
e
No
d
eM
C
U
an
d
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
m
ain
b
r
ea
k
er
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
to
o
p
er
ate
o
n
a
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
-
s
ca
le
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
o
f
9
0
0
VA.
W
h
en
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
d
etec
ts
an
elec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
e
n
t
ex
ce
ed
in
g
t
h
e
s
af
e
lim
it
o
f
1
.
3
0
A,
th
e
No
d
eM
C
U
will
ac
tiv
ate
th
e
r
elay
,
wh
ich
will
th
en
tr
ig
g
er
th
e
m
in
iatu
r
e
cir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
(
MCB
)
s
y
s
tem
to
cu
t
o
f
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
h
is
f
ast
m
ec
h
an
is
m
is
a
cr
u
cial
lay
er
o
f
elec
tr
ical
r
e
d
u
n
d
an
cy
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
,
cu
r
r
en
t,
an
d
p
o
wer
d
ata
o
n
th
e
g
r
i
d
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
PV
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
b
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
No
d
eM
C
U
E
SP
8
2
6
6
,
with
lig
h
t
em
itti
n
g
d
io
d
e
(
LED
)
in
d
icato
r
s
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
y
s
tem
an
d
an
ac
tiv
e
W
iFi
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ical
r
e
d
u
n
d
an
cy
lay
er
o
p
e
r
ates
o
n
th
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
an
ad
ap
tiv
e
o
v
e
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
ela
y
(
OC
R
)
.
T
h
e
r
elay
tr
ip
p
i
n
g
tim
e
(
T
)
is
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
th
e
f
a
u
lt
cu
r
r
en
t
(
I
fault
)
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
et
p
ick
-
u
p
cu
r
r
e
n
t (
I
pick
)
.
T
h
e
e
q
u
atio
n
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
OC
R
r
elay
tr
ip
p
in
g
tim
e
is
as
in
(
1
)
.
=
[
−
1
]
TMS
(
1
)
T
h
en
,
to
class
if
y
th
e
PV
p
an
e
l
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
in
to
n
o
r
m
al
(
c
1
)
o
r
Ho
t
(
c2
)
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
ML
m
o
d
el
u
s
es
th
e
KNN
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
KN
N
wo
r
k
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
m
ajo
r
i
ty
class
if
icatio
n
r
u
le,
wh
er
e
th
e
class
o
f
th
e
test
d
ata
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
ity
class
o
f
it
i
s
KNN
.
Ma
th
em
atica
lly
,
th
e
KNN
m
ajo
r
ity
class
if
icatio
n
r
u
le
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
in
(
2
)
.
−
ar
g
∈
(
)
∑
(
=
)
∈
(
)
(
2
)
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
KNN
alg
o
r
ith
m
ca
n
t
h
en
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
a
weig
h
ted
cla
s
s
if
icatio
n
r
u
le.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
ca
n
ass
ig
n
g
r
ea
ter
weig
h
t
to
th
e
n
ea
r
est
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
o
f
th
e
test
d
ata,
th
er
eb
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
s
en
s
itiv
ity
to
lo
ca
l
an
o
m
alies
.
On
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
-
b
ased
weig
h
ted
class
if
icatio
n
is
s
h
o
wn
in
(
3
)
.
−
ar
g
∈
(
)
∑
(
=
)
∈
(
)
(
1
−
(
,
)
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
6
2
2
-
633
626
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
PV
is
a
m
ajo
r
s
u
p
p
lier
t
o
r
ed
u
ce
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
elec
tr
icity
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
wh
ich
is
ess
en
tial
to
m
in
im
ize
e
lectr
icity
b
ills
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
PV
u
s
in
g
I
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
in
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
e
n
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
to
d
ay
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
test
ed
t
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
m
u
lti
-
lev
el
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
f
o
r
d
a
m
ag
e
m
itig
atio
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
p
r
o
t
ec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
th
er
m
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
.
Dy
n
am
ic
I
o
T
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
is
s
et
u
p
with
No
d
eM
C
U
E
SP
8
2
6
6
as
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
p
o
wer
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
PZE
M
-
0
0
4
T
m
o
d
u
le.
W
i
-
Fi
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
allo
ws
r
ea
l
-
tim
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m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
elec
tr
ical
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ad
p
o
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v
ia
s
m
ar
t
p
h
o
n
es
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
c
o
m
p
u
te
r
s
.
T
h
e
test
r
esu
lts
co
v
er
s
ev
e
r
al
m
ain
asp
ec
ts
.
F
ir
s
t,
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
No
d
eM
C
U
E
SP
8
2
6
6
m
icr
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co
n
tr
o
ller
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v
alid
ated
b
y
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ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
d
at
a
(
k
b
)
a
n
d
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
d
ata
(
b
y
t
es)
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
t
h
er
m
al
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
cy
lay
er
is
test
ed
b
y
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
p
an
el
im
ag
e
d
ata
to
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ec
o
g
n
ize
h
o
t
an
d
n
o
r
m
al
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
p
atter
n
s
u
s
in
g
ML
,
en
ab
lin
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
d
am
a
g
in
g
o
v
er
h
ea
tin
g
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
elec
tr
i
ca
l
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
lay
er
was
v
ali
d
a
ted
b
y
test
in
g
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
PZE
M
-
0
0
4
T
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
e
n
t,
an
d
p
o
wer
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
m
u
ltime
ter
.
Fin
ally
,
af
ter
d
ata
ac
cu
r
ac
y
w
as
v
er
if
ied
,
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
test
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
y
s
tem
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
elay
’
s
o
p
tim
ality
a
s
a
p
r
i
m
ar
y
p
o
wer
b
r
ea
k
e
r
an
d
c
o
n
n
ec
to
r
(
with
th
e
MCB
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
o
n
ly
as
b
ac
k
u
p
p
r
o
tectio
n
in
ab
n
o
r
m
al
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
)
.
3
.
1
.
Dy
na
m
ic
inte
rnet
o
f
t
hin
g
s
s
ens
o
r
pro
t
ec
t
io
n sy
s
t
em
perf
o
rm
a
nce
a
nd
a
cc
ura
c
y
v
a
lid
a
t
io
n
T
o
co
n
n
ec
t
to
t
h
e
web
,
th
is
to
o
l
u
s
es
a
No
d
eM
C
U
E
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8
2
6
6
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
u
s
in
g
PV
an
d
with
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
PV
.
T
h
e
No
d
eM
C
U
E
SP
8
2
6
6
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
ag
e
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tem
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ca
lib
r
ated
in
a
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
a
ta
ac
cu
r
ac
y
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y
s
tem
s
en
t
an
d
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
o
t
h
at
it
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m
o
r
e
v
alid
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
test
in
g
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en
s
o
r
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
I
o
T
.
T
h
e
r
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lts
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
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ata
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k
b
)
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d
r
ec
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ata
(
b
y
tes)
m
ea
s
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r
em
en
ts
in
th
e
No
d
eM
C
U
E
SP
8
2
6
6
tes
t a
r
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
No
d
eM
C
U
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SP
8
2
6
6
co
m
m
u
n
icat
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r
eliab
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al
id
atio
n
Valid
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f
d
y
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ic
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T
m
o
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ito
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in
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eg
in
s
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o
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eM
C
U
E
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8
2
6
6
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
as
th
e
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’
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
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co
r
e
.
T
h
is
te
s
tin
g
is
cr
u
cial
as
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
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io
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tab
ilit
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a
p
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ite
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r
r
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-
t
im
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d
a
m
ag
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m
itig
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ec
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s
.
Data
f
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f
iv
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p
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av
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1
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7
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itted
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ata
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3
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6
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f
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t
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b
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er
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ed
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at
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e
No
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eM
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p
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atio
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h
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its
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d
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tab
l
e
r
esp
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ata
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T
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m
m
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icatio
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aly
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Fig
u
r
e
4
,
wh
er
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e
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ata
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ally
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is
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itted
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ata
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4
7
6
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ata
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6
3
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5
.
T
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e
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ig
h
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eliab
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d
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e
r
f
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m
an
ce
s
t
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
N
o
d
eM
C
U
E
SP
8
2
6
6
v
alid
ate
its
r
o
le
as
a
s
o
l
id
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
m
u
lti
-
lev
e
l
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
y
s
tem
o
n
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
PV.
T
h
en
,
an
ac
cu
r
ac
y
test
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
a
m
u
ltime
te
r
to
v
alid
ate
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
PZE
M
-
0
0
4
T
m
o
d
u
le
as
th
e
m
ain
in
p
u
t
s
en
s
o
r
f
o
r
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
I
o
T
-
b
ased
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
v
alid
atio
n
is
ess
en
tia
l
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
h
o
w
ac
cu
r
ately
th
e
PZE
M
-
0
0
4
T
r
ea
d
s
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
(
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
e
n
t,
an
d
p
o
wer
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
Mu
lti
-
leve
l red
u
n
d
a
n
cy
w
ith
i
n
tern
et
o
f th
in
g
s
b
a
tter
y
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u
p
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ly
fo
r
fa
u
lt mitig
a
tio
n
in
…
(
Ha
b
ib
S
a
tr
ia
)
627
g
en
er
ated
b
y
a
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
PV sy
s
tem
.
Sen
s
o
r
ac
cu
r
ac
y
e
n
s
u
r
es th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
d
ata
th
at
tr
ig
g
er
s
d
am
ag
e
m
itig
atio
n
ac
tio
n
s
.
A
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t,
a
n
d
p
o
wer
p
ar
a
m
eter
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
u
ltime
ter
as a
r
e
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er
en
ce
an
d
th
e
PZE
M
-
0
0
4
T
m
o
d
u
le
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
PZE
M
-
0
0
4
T
s
en
s
o
r
ca
lib
r
atio
n
test
,
p
r
e
s
en
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
ac
cu
r
ac
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en
test
ed
ag
ain
s
t
a
9
0
0
VA
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
e
lectr
ical
lo
ad
co
n
n
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ted
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P
V
in
s
tallat
io
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
is
d
etailed
ac
r
o
s
s
th
r
ee
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ar
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eter
s
:
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
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s
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ates
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m
ea
s
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r
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r
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er
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o
r
o
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2
3
%,
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
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d
e
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icts
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r
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en
t m
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r
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t c
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o
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er
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o
r
o
f
1
.
7
9
%,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
c
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s
h
o
ws
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p
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wer
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ea
s
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r
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en
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r
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atin
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ig
h
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em
ain
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g
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ith
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I
E
C
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t
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ler
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ip
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
2
5
2
-
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8
1
4
I
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v
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1
5
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2
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J
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n
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2
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2
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633
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atica
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itectu
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ig
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ic
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ito
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g
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o
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ito
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ly
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asic
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ata
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ch
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ito
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im
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n
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ter
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th
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itig
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lay
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s
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e
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ip
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in
g
r
elay
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ed
u
n
d
an
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an
d
tem
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er
atu
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e
a
n
o
m
aly
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al
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ash
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d
esig
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illu
s
tr
ated
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Fig
u
r
e
7
.
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e
im
p
lem
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tatio
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o
f
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in
t
eg
r
ated
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tr
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r
ed
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n
d
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alize
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ito
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Fig
u
r
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7
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r
ch
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eliab
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u
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u
n
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ain
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ically
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ar
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ck
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7
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7
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Fig
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.
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ical
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ly
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tio
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o
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al
s
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es.
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d
u
al
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elay
m
ec
h
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n
is
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d
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ito
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p
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ig
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.
3
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3
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I
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v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
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N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
Mu
lti
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eth
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2
5
°C
to
3
5
°C
)
an
d
o
v
er
h
ea
tin
g
(
h
o
t
c
ell)
d
u
r
in
g
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
KNN
m
o
d
el
was
e
v
alu
a
ted
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
p
r
ed
icted
d
a
ta
with
ac
tu
al
d
ata,
as v
is
u
alize
d
in
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
g
r
ap
h
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
f
u
s
io
n
m
atr
ix
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Dy
n
am
ic
I
o
T
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
d
ash
b
o
ar
d
(
T
h
in
g
er
.
i
o
)
v
iew
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
p
a
r
am
eter
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
f
o
r
d
a
m
ag
e
m
itig
atio
n
:
(
a)
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
v
o
ltag
e
f
l
u
ctu
atio
n
s
,
(
b
)
cu
r
r
en
t
(
Am
p
er
e)
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
ac
tiv
atio
n
,
an
d
(
c)
p
o
wer
(
W
at
t)
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
ata
s
tr
ea
m
in
g
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
KNN
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
er
v
es
as
a
th
e
r
m
al
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
la
y
er
to
d
etec
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
o
m
alies.
Alth
o
u
g
h
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
an
i
n
itial
d
ev
iatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
ac
t
u
al
an
d
p
r
e
d
i
cted
d
ata,
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
f
u
r
th
e
r
ev
alu
a
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
co
n
f
u
s
io
n
m
at
r
ix
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
KNN
alg
o
r
ith
m
ac
h
iev
es
an
ac
cu
r
a
cy
o
f
8
4
%,
with
a
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
0
.
8
0
,
r
ec
all
o
f
0
.
7
8
,
an
d
F1
-
s
co
r
e
o
f
0
.
7
8
.
T
h
e
1
6
%
m
is
class
if
icatio
n
r
ate
p
r
i
m
ar
ily
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
d
u
r
in
g
p
ea
k
s
o
lar
ir
r
a
d
iatio
n
h
o
u
r
s
,
wh
er
e
s
o
lar
r
ef
lectio
n
s
o
n
th
e
PV
g
lass
s
u
r
f
ac
e
cr
ea
ted
“
th
er
m
al
ar
tifa
cts
”
th
at
in
ter
f
er
ed
with
th
e
th
e
r
m
o
v
is
io
n
s
en
s
o
r
’
s
r
ea
d
in
g
s
.
Desp
ite
th
is
,
an
8
4
%
ac
c
u
r
a
cy
v
alid
ates
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
t
h
e
KNN
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
ea
r
ly
-
s
tag
e
th
er
m
al
an
o
m
aly
d
etec
tio
n
.
T
h
is
allo
ws
f
o
r
th
e
id
en
t
if
icatio
n
o
f
h
o
ts
p
o
t
r
is
k
s
a
n
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ef
f
icien
cy
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
d
am
ag
e
m
itig
atio
n
an
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
th
e
PV
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
s
ch
ed
u
le.
T
h
e
I
o
T
-
b
ased
PV
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
s
t
u
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
is
r
esear
c
h
o
f
f
er
s
a
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
m
u
lti
-
lev
el
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
(
th
er
m
al
an
d
elec
tr
ical)
,
wh
ich
en
s
u
r
es
h
ig
h
er
r
eliab
ilit
y
th
a
n
a
s
in
g
le
-
lay
er
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
[
2
6
]
−
[
2
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
6
2
2
-
633
630
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
d
ata
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
KNN
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
p
lo
ttin
g
th
e
ac
tu
al
an
d
p
r
ed
icted
v
alu
es
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
n
f
u
s
io
n
m
atr
i
x
v
a
lu
es in
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
r
r
ec
t a
n
d
i
n
co
r
r
ec
t
d
ata
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
a
m
u
lti
-
lev
el
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
d
y
n
am
ic
I
o
T
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
f
o
r
g
r
id
-
tied
PV
in
s
tallatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ical
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
cy
lay
er
is
p
r
o
v
e
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
v
ali
d
atio
n
o
f
th
e
PZE
M
-
0
0
4
T
s
en
s
o
r
,
ac
h
iev
in
g
an
av
er
ag
e
v
o
ltag
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
0
.
2
3
%
an
d
a
cu
r
r
en
t
er
r
o
r
o
f
1
.
7
9
%,
en
s
u
r
in
g
r
eliab
le
in
p
u
t
f
o
r
d
am
ag
e
m
itig
atio
n
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
r
elay
1
an
d
r
elay
2
is
co
n
f
i
r
m
ed
to
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
ex
ec
u
te
au
to
m
atic
tr
ip
p
i
n
g
ac
tio
n
s
wh
en
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
e
x
ce
ed
s
th
e
th
r
esh
o
l
d
,
with
r
elay
2
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
cr
itical
b
ac
k
u
p
p
r
o
tectio
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
th
er
m
al
r
e
d
u
n
d
a
n
cy
lay
er
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
KNN
alg
o
r
ith
m
ac
h
iev
es
a
n
8
4
%
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
class
if
y
in
g
n
o
r
m
al
(
2
5
°C
to
3
5
°C
)
an
d
o
v
e
r
h
ea
tin
g
(
3
6
°C
to
4
8
°C
)
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
ese
two
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
lay
er
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
GUI
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
a
d
ed
icate
d
1
8
6
5
0
L
i
-
i
o
n
b
atter
y
b
ac
k
u
p
,
co
llectiv
ely
im
p
r
o
v
es
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
o
f
f
er
s
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
m
in
im
ize
r
is
k
in
PV
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Ultim
ately
,
th
is
in
teg
r
ated
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
to
th
e
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
s
ca
lab
le,
in
tellig
en
t,
a
n
d
c
o
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
a
u
lt
m
itig
atio
n
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
s
af
et
y
an
d
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
-
s
ca
le
PV sy
s
tem
s
in
tr
o
p
ical
r
eg
io
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
Mu
lti
-
leve
l red
u
n
d
a
n
cy
w
ith
i
n
tern
et
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f th
in
g
s
b
a
tter
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u
p
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ly
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r
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u
lt mitig
a
tio
n
in
…
(
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b
ib
S
a
tr
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631
ACK
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h
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th
o
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s
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ter
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Fu
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atio
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