I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
555
~
5
7
2
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijaas
.
v
1
5
.
i
2
.
pp
555
-
5
7
2
555
J
o
ur
na
l ho
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g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
a
a
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.
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An int
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f
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r
eg
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Tha
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ra
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y:
R
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J
u
l 2
5
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2
0
2
5
R
ev
is
ed
Feb
2
5
,
2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
Ap
r
2
2
,
2
0
2
6
Th
is
stu
d
y
e
x
a
m
in
e
s
h
a
z
a
rd
o
u
s
s
u
b
sta
n
c
e
sto
ra
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e
risk
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
with
in
th
e
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal,
h
e
a
lt
h
,
a
n
d
sa
fe
ty
(EHS
)
fra
m
e
wo
rk
,
fo
c
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si
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g
o
n
Th
a
il
a
n
d
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lato
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tex
t.
Us
i
n
g
a
sy
st
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ti
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re
v
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n
d
c
o
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p
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ra
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e
re
se
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tes
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imp
le
m
e
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tatio
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g
a
p
s
in
c
u
rre
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t
p
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c
ti
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e
s.
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e
fin
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n
g
s
re
v
e
a
l
d
e
ficie
n
c
ies
i
n
t
h
e
in
teg
ra
ti
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o
f
t
o
x
ico
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ica
l
d
a
ta wit
h
leg
a
l
re
q
u
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e
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ts,
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g
m
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te
d
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g
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la
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ry
e
n
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rc
e
m
e
n
t,
li
m
it
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d
sta
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d
a
rd
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n
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a
n
d
i
n
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fficie
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ti
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c
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ra
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t
o
f
i
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tern
a
t
io
n
a
l
f
ra
m
e
wo
rk
s,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
Eu
r
o
p
e
a
n
Un
i
o
n
Re
g
istratio
n
,
Ev
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
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Au
t
h
o
r
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ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
Re
strictio
n
o
f
Ch
e
m
i
c
a
ls
(
EU
REACH
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,
Un
it
e
d
S
tate
s
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
a
fe
ty
a
n
d
He
a
lt
h
A
d
m
i
n
istr
a
ti
o
n
(
US
OSHA
)
,
a
n
d
Ja
p
a
n
’s
Ch
e
m
ica
l
S
u
b
sta
n
c
e
s
Co
n
tr
o
l
Law
(
CS
CL
)
,
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
b
e
st
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s
i
n
p
ro
a
c
ti
v
e
risk
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
tran
s
p
a
re
n
c
y
.
Ba
se
d
o
n
th
e
se
in
sig
h
ts,
th
e
stu
d
y
p
ro
p
o
se
s
a
n
in
teg
ra
ted
EHS
-
b
a
se
d
risk
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
fra
m
e
wo
rk
th
a
t
a
li
g
n
s
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
In
d
u
strial
W
o
rk
s
(DIW)
r
e
g
u
latio
n
s
with
in
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
sta
n
d
a
rd
s
su
c
h
a
s
IS
O
1
4
0
0
1
,
IS
O
4
5
0
0
1
,
a
n
d
g
lo
b
a
ll
y
h
a
rm
o
n
ize
d
s
y
ste
m
(G
HS).
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e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
m
o
d
e
l
s
u
p
p
o
rts
p
ro
a
c
ti
v
e
risk
id
e
n
ti
fica
ti
o
n
,
re
g
u
lat
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ry
c
o
h
e
re
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
imp
r
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e
d
sta
k
e
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o
l
d
e
r
a
wa
re
n
e
ss
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o
n
tri
b
u
ti
n
g
to
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
c
h
e
m
ica
l
sa
fe
ty
g
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
ASE
AN
h
a
rm
o
n
iza
ti
o
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
ASEA
N
h
ar
m
o
n
izatio
n
DI
W
co
m
p
lian
ce
E
HS
-
b
ased
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
Haz
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
R
is
k
as
s
ess
m
en
t
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
T
h
er
d
p
o
n
g
Dae
n
g
s
i
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
Su
s
tain
ab
le
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Facu
lty
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
R
ajam
an
g
ala
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
T
e
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
Ph
r
a
Na
k
h
o
n
1
3
8
1
Pib
u
l So
n
g
k
h
r
am
R
o
ad
,
B
an
g
s
u
e,
B
an
g
k
o
k
,
T
h
ailan
d
E
m
ail: th
er
d
p
o
n
g
.
d
@
r
m
u
tp
.
ac
.
th
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
m
o
d
er
n
ch
em
ical
in
d
u
s
tr
y
f
ac
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
s
af
ety
ch
a
llen
g
es
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
h
er
en
t
h
az
ar
d
s
o
f
h
an
d
lin
g
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
.
Op
er
atio
n
s
ca
r
r
y
h
ig
h
r
is
k
s
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ac
cid
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
f
ir
es,
leak
s
,
an
d
ex
p
lo
s
io
n
s
,
th
at
t
h
r
ea
ten
wo
r
k
er
s
an
d
n
ea
r
b
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
.
A
n
o
ta
b
le
ex
am
p
le
is
th
e
e
x
p
lo
s
io
n
a
n
d
f
ir
e
at
Min
g
Dih
C
h
em
ical
C
o
.
,
L
t
d
.
in
Sam
u
t
Pra
k
a
n
Pro
v
in
c
e
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
f
ac
ilit
y
,
w
h
ich
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
ex
p
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d
a
b
le
p
o
ly
s
ty
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en
e
(
E
PS
)
u
s
in
g
f
lam
m
ab
le
ch
em
icals
s
u
ch
as
s
ty
r
en
e
m
o
n
o
m
er
an
d
p
e
n
tan
e,
s
u
f
f
er
ed
an
e
x
p
lo
s
io
n
d
u
e
to
im
p
r
o
p
er
s
to
r
ag
e,
ca
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
v
ap
o
r
izatio
n
an
d
ig
n
iti
o
n
o
f
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
.
T
h
is
in
cid
en
t
ca
u
s
ed
ex
ten
s
iv
e
d
am
ag
e
an
d
ca
s
u
alti
es,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
atic
ch
em
ical
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
[
2
]
.
I
t
also
r
ev
ea
led
b
r
o
a
d
er
g
ap
s
in
wo
r
k
p
lace
ex
p
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s
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r
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m
o
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ito
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in
g
,
as
m
an
y
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
p
u
lp
an
d
p
ap
e
r
s
ec
to
r
,
s
till
lack
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u
o
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s
h
a
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m
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ito
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,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
o
c
cu
p
atio
n
al
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
r
is
k
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
2
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I
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t J Ad
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Ap
p
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,
Vo
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1
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No
.
2
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2
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2
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5
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556
Alth
o
u
g
h
T
h
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d
h
as
laws
r
eg
u
latin
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ch
e
m
ical
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f
r
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k
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s
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q
u
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f
o
r
p
r
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tiv
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ass
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en
t.
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b
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awa
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an
d
tr
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s
p
ar
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cy
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e
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ar
d
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e
n
v
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o
n
m
en
tal,
h
ea
lth
,
a
n
d
s
af
ety
(
E
HS
)
-
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ased
r
is
k
m
an
a
g
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e
n
t
at
s
to
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ag
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ar
e
lim
ite
d
.
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lap
p
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e
cr
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ted
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al
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m
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lex
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an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ities
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ea
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
zo
n
es o
f
ten
lac
k
ac
ce
s
s
to
clea
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
h
az
ar
d
s
o
r
s
af
ety
m
ea
s
u
r
es.
E
s
s
en
tial
tech
n
ica
l
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ch
em
i
ca
l
lab
els,
s
af
ety
d
ata
s
h
ee
t
s
(
SDS),
g
lo
b
al
ly
h
ar
m
o
n
ize
d
s
y
s
tem
(
GHS)
s
t
an
d
ar
d
s
,
an
d
h
az
ar
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
ater
ials
,
ar
e
f
r
eq
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e
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tly
in
co
m
p
lete
o
r
p
o
o
r
ly
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
[
3
]
.
Glo
b
ally
an
d
in
T
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ailan
d
,
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az
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d
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s
m
ater
ial
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en
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k
s
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d
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o
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-
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tan
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ar
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ized
p
r
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tices.
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HS
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eth
o
d
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tify
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s
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ess
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o
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m
s
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m
ea
s
u
r
es,
an
d
s
af
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in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
[
4
]
.
B
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tw
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n
2
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0
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n
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u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
a
f
et
y
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
[
5
]
.
K
e
y
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
GHS
-
a
l
i
g
n
e
d
c
h
e
m
i
ca
l
c
l
ass
i
f
i
c
at
io
n
a
n
d
l
a
b
e
l
i
n
g
[
6
]
,
I
SO
4
5
0
0
1
f
o
r
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
h
ea
lth
,
a
n
d
I
SO
1
4
0
0
1
f
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
[
7
]
.
Yet
c
h
allen
g
es
r
em
ain
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
in
co
n
s
is
ten
t
en
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t,
lim
ited
s
m
all
an
d
m
ed
iu
m
-
s
ized
en
te
r
p
r
is
es
(
SME
)
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
f
r
ag
m
en
te
d
r
is
k
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ie
s
,
an
d
d
is
p
ar
ities
in
n
atio
n
al
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
[
8
]
.
E
m
er
g
i
n
g
d
ig
ital to
o
ls
an
d
AI
,
s
u
ch
as
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
an
al
y
tics
an
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
ar
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
a
p
p
lied
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
co
m
p
lian
ce
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
h
u
m
an
e
r
r
o
r
[
9
]
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
an
aly
ze
s
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
to
r
a
g
e,
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies,
an
d
E
HS
-
b
ase
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
with
in
leg
al
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
I
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
en
h
an
ce
d
E
HS
-
b
ased
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
T
h
ailan
d
th
at
in
teg
r
ates
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t
o
f
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
W
o
r
k
s
(
DI
W
)
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
with
g
lo
b
al
E
HS
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
c
o
m
p
lian
ce
,
an
d
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
[
1
0
]
.
Sectio
n
s
2
to
5
d
is
cu
s
s
cu
r
r
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
E
HS
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
p
o
ten
tial
r
esear
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
,
an
d
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
.
2.
RIS
K
ASS
E
S
SM
E
N
T
M
E
T
H
O
DS,
E
H
S
-
B
A
SE
D
RIS
K
ASS
E
S
SM
E
N
T
F
O
R
ST
O
RING
H
AZ
ARDO
U
S SUB
ST
ANC
E
S AN
D
A
SS
O
CI
AT
E
D
P
R
I
NCIP
L
E
S
2
.
1
.
Curre
nt
risk
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
m
et
ho
ds
a
nd
o
t
her
re
la
t
ed
a
pp
ro
a
ches
R
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
to
r
ag
e
h
av
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
ev
o
lv
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
co
m
p
lex
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Ov
er
tim
e,
v
ar
io
u
s
m
o
d
els
an
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
id
en
tify
,
ev
alu
ate,
an
d
m
itig
ate
p
o
ten
tial
r
is
k
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
s
to
r
ag
e
f
ac
ilit
ies.
T
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
th
e
d
iv
er
s
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
o
p
er
ato
r
s
,
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
au
th
o
r
ities
,
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
is
I
SO
1
4
0
0
1
(
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
(
EMS
)
)
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
m
an
ag
em
en
t
with
in
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
I
ts
p
r
in
cip
al
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
en
ab
le
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
to
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
id
en
tify
,
co
n
tr
o
l,
an
d
m
itig
ate
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
eir
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ac
tiv
ities
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
o
f
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
m
in
im
izatio
n
o
f
p
o
llu
tan
t
em
is
s
io
n
s
in
to
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
er
v
es
as
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
s
ee
k
in
g
to
en
h
an
ce
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
r
ac
tices
[
7
]
.
C
r
itically
,
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
n
o
t
o
n
ly
f
ac
ilit
ates
s
y
s
tem
atic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
tr
o
l
b
u
t
also
en
co
u
r
ag
es
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
to
tr
an
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
r
ea
ctiv
e,
co
m
p
lian
ce
-
b
ased
p
r
ac
tices
to
in
teg
r
ated
,
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
-
o
r
ien
ted
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
,
th
er
eb
y
en
s
u
r
in
g
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
v
er
tim
e
[
1
2
]
.
Fro
m
a
s
tr
at
eg
ic
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
I
SO
1
4
0
0
1
ex
ten
d
s
b
ey
o
n
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
co
m
p
lian
ce
b
y
em
b
ed
d
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
r
is
k
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
in
to
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
th
er
eb
y
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
p
r
ev
en
tiv
e
ac
tio
n
,
r
eso
u
r
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
alig
n
ed
with
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
b
est p
r
ac
tices
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
is
I
SO
4
5
0
0
1
(
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
h
ea
lth
an
d
s
af
et
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
(
OH&
S
)
)
,
wh
ich
h
as
b
ee
n
estab
lis
h
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
th
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
OH&
S
in
th
e
wo
r
k
p
lace
.
I
ts
p
r
in
cip
al
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
id
en
tify
,
ass
ess
,
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
r
is
k
s
th
at
m
ay
r
esu
lt
in
wo
r
k
p
lace
ac
cid
en
ts
o
r
h
az
ar
d
s
t
o
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
.
T
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
s
af
e
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
wo
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
with
th
e
aim
o
f
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
in
cid
en
ts
,
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
in
g
em
p
lo
y
ee
well
-
b
ein
g
,
an
d
en
h
an
cin
g
o
v
er
all
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
with
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
an
d
s
y
s
tem
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
in
teg
r
atin
g
OH&
S
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
in
to
d
aily
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
th
er
eb
y
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
cu
ltu
r
e
o
f
r
is
k
awa
r
en
ess
,
leg
al
co
m
p
lian
ce
,
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
in
wo
r
k
p
lace
s
af
ety
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
7
]
.
I
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
h
ig
h
-
lev
el
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
(
HL
S)
ad
o
p
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
I
SO
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
I
SO
4
5
0
0
1
em
p
h
asizes
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
eg
in
n
in
g
with
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
n
tex
t,
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
in
ter
ested
p
ar
ties
,
an
d
d
ete
r
m
in
atio
n
o
f
OH&
S
r
is
k
s
an
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
A
n
in
teg
r
a
ted
E
HS
-
b
a
s
ed
r
is
k
a
s
s
ess
men
t fra
mewo
r
k
fo
r
h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
ta
n
ce
…
(
He
n
g
h
e
n
g
Ja
r
u
n
o
n
g
kra
n
)
557
f
ac
ilit
ates
in
teg
r
atio
n
with
o
th
er
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
u
ch
as
I
SO
1
4
0
0
1
,
th
er
eb
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
a
u
n
if
ied
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
was
is
s
u
ed
b
y
th
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
C
h
em
icals
Ag
en
cy
(
E
C
HA)
,
wh
ich
is
an
in
s
titu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
Un
io
n
(
E
U)
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
th
e
co
llectio
n
,
s
to
r
ag
e,
an
d
d
i
s
s
em
in
atio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
elate
d
to
ch
em
icals,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
eir
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
to
x
icity
,
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
im
p
ac
ts
o
n
h
u
m
an
h
ea
lth
an
d
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
E
C
HA
d
atab
ase
p
lay
s
a
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le
in
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
s
af
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
ch
em
icals
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
estab
lis
h
ed
u
n
d
er
th
e
C
lass
if
icatio
n
,
L
ab
ellin
g
,
An
d
Pack
ag
in
g
(
C
L
P)
r
eg
u
latio
n
.
T
h
is
r
eg
u
latio
n
alig
n
s
with
th
e
GHS
o
f
class
if
icatio
n
an
d
lab
ellin
g
o
f
ch
em
icals
[
1
3
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
s
u
ch
as
R
eg
is
tr
atio
n
,
E
v
alu
atio
n
,
Au
th
o
r
izatio
n
,
an
d
R
estrictio
n
o
f
C
h
em
icals
(
R
E
AC
H
)
an
d
C
L
P,
th
e
ag
en
cy
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
h
ar
m
o
n
ized
c
h
em
ical
s
af
ety
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
ac
r
o
s
s
m
em
b
er
s
tates
,
th
er
eb
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
ag
m
en
tatio
n
with
in
th
e
in
ter
n
al
m
ar
k
et
[
1
4
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
ch
em
ical
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
u
ltima
tely
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
y
-
s
u
b
m
itt
ed
d
ata
an
d
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
en
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
m
em
b
er
s
tates
,
wh
ich
m
ay
cr
ea
te
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
in
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
m
eth
o
d
is
th
e
r
is
k
f
o
r
ec
ast
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
(
R
FEM
)
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
es
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ite
o
f
an
in
cid
en
t,
s
u
ch
as
a
ch
em
ical
s
p
ill,
to
th
e
d
esig
n
ated
ar
ea
o
f
in
ter
est,
wh
ich
m
ay
in
clu
d
e
ter
r
estrial
zo
n
es
o
r
wate
r
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
ca
lcu
latio
n
is
co
n
d
u
cted
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
u
tlin
ed
in
th
e
d
ig
est
o
f
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ac
cid
en
ts
,
ca
tast
r
o
p
h
es,
an
d
n
atu
r
al
d
is
aster
s
,
wh
ich
s
er
v
es
as
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
o
f
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
p
r
ed
ictin
g
ev
en
ts
with
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
ca
u
s
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
ts
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
R
FEM
m
eth
o
d
is
cr
itically
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
o
f
to
x
ic
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
an
d
th
e
p
o
ten
tial im
p
ac
ts
ex
ten
d
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
o
r
ig
in
to
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
ar
ea
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
r
esear
ch
s
ites
lo
ca
ted
n
ea
r
ch
em
ical
s
to
r
ag
e
f
ac
ilit
ies.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
d
elin
ea
tio
n
o
f
at
-
r
is
k
zo
n
es,
th
er
eb
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
p
lan
n
in
g
,
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
an
d
m
itig
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies f
o
r
u
n
f
o
r
eseen
in
cid
en
ts
.
I
ts
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
is
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
in
g
u
id
in
g
p
r
ep
ar
ed
n
ess
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
estab
lis
h
in
g
s
af
ety
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
an
d
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
p
o
licies
with
in
af
f
ec
ted
r
eg
io
n
s
[
1
7
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
b
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
m
o
d
elin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
p
r
ev
en
tiv
e
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
ev
id
en
ce
-
b
ased
co
n
tin
g
en
cy
p
lan
n
in
g
in
ar
ea
s
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
ch
em
ical
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
h
an
d
lin
g
f
ac
ilit
ies
[
1
6
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
R
FEM
p
r
o
jectio
n
s
d
ep
en
d
s
h
ea
v
ily
o
n
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
in
p
u
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
eteo
r
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
ch
em
ic
al
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
ter
r
ain
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
an
d
s
p
ill
m
ag
n
itu
d
e,
wh
ich
m
ay
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
in
to
r
is
k
esti
m
atio
n
s
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
is
s
u
ed
b
y
th
e
Natio
n
al
I
n
s
titu
tes
o
f
Hea
lth
(
NI
H)
in
th
e
Un
ited
States
(
US)
.
T
h
is
ag
en
cy
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
f
ed
er
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
an
d
b
io
m
ed
ical
r
esear
ch
u
n
d
er
th
e
US
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
Hea
lth
an
d
Hu
m
an
Ser
v
ices
(
HHS)
.
T
h
e
NI
H
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
d
atab
ase
a
cc
ess
ib
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
Pu
b
C
h
em
p
latf
o
r
m
[
1
9
]
,
wh
ich
is
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
em
p
lo
y
ed
as
a
d
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
wh
en
o
r
ig
in
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
h
alf
-
life
o
r
b
io
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
s
p
ec
if
ic
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
ch
em
icals
is
u
n
av
ailab
le.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
ts
o
f
ch
em
icals
p
o
ten
tially
af
f
ec
tin
g
h
u
m
an
h
ea
lth
h
av
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
g
en
er
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
B
I
OW
I
N3
p
r
o
g
r
am
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
th
e
US
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
Pro
tectio
n
Ag
en
cy
(
E
PA)
[
2
0
]
.
R
elian
ce
o
n
au
th
o
r
itativ
e
f
ed
er
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
en
h
an
ce
s
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tes
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
ch
em
ical
h
az
ar
d
s
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
h
u
m
an
h
ea
lth
im
p
ac
ts
[
2
1
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
alth
o
u
g
h
p
u
b
licly
av
ailab
le
d
atab
ases
p
r
o
v
id
e
ex
ten
s
iv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
d
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
,
an
d
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
m
ay
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
in
co
n
s
is
ten
cies th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
ca
r
ef
u
l v
alid
atio
n
b
ef
o
r
e
ap
p
licatio
n
in
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
o
r
p
o
licy
d
ec
is
io
n
s
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
Sev
eso
I
I
I
,
wh
ich
r
ef
er
s
to
An
n
ex
I
o
f
Dir
ec
tiv
e
2
0
1
2
/1
8
/EU
o
f
th
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
Par
liam
en
t
an
d
o
f
th
e
C
o
u
n
cil,
ad
o
p
ted
o
n
4
J
u
ly
2
0
1
2
.
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
e
estab
lis
h
es
a
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
m
an
ag
in
g
r
is
k
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
m
ajo
r
ac
cid
en
ts
in
v
o
lv
in
g
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
class
if
y
in
g
estab
lis
h
m
en
ts
h
an
d
lin
g
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
ch
em
icals
in
to
two
p
r
in
cip
al
ca
teg
o
r
ies:
lo
wer
-
ti
er
an
d
u
p
p
er
-
tier
estab
lis
h
m
en
ts
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
is
class
if
icatio
n
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
ty
p
e
an
d
q
u
an
tity
o
f
ch
em
icals
p
r
esen
t,
wh
ich
in
tu
r
n
in
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
s
af
ety
m
an
ag
em
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
es
an
d
ac
cid
en
t
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
at
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
lev
el
[
2
4
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
Dir
ec
tiv
e
2
0
1
2
/1
8
/EU
(
Sev
eso
I
I
I
)
o
p
er
ates
in
clo
s
e
alig
n
m
en
t
with
b
r
o
ad
er
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
ch
em
ical
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
R
E
AC
H
r
eg
u
latio
n
an
d
th
e
C
L
P
r
eg
u
l
atio
n
.
W
h
ile
R
E
AC
H
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
,
ev
alu
atio
n
,
an
d
au
th
o
r
izatio
n
o
f
ch
em
ical
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
eir
s
af
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
an
d
u
s
e,
an
d
C
L
P
estab
lis
h
es
h
ar
m
o
n
ized
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
class
if
icatio
n
an
d
h
az
ar
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
Sev
eso
I
I
I
s
p
ec
if
ically
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
m
ajo
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ac
cid
en
ts
in
v
o
lv
in
g
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
[
3
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
co
m
p
lian
ce
wit
h
th
e
DI
W
r
ef
er
s
to
ad
h
er
en
ce
to
th
e
DI
W
n
o
tific
atio
n
o
n
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
f
o
r
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
o
f
ch
em
icals
an
d
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
ta
n
ce
s
,
B
.
E
.
2
5
5
0
(
2
0
0
7
)
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
is
r
eg
u
latio
n
was
estab
lis
h
ed
to
g
o
v
er
n
an
d
s
u
p
er
v
is
e
th
e
s
af
e
s
to
r
ag
e
o
f
ch
em
icals
an
d
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
.
I
t
also
en
co
m
p
ass
es
th
e
DI
W
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
o
n
h
az
ar
d
id
en
tific
atio
n
,
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t,
an
d
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
lan
s
,
B
.
E
.
2
5
4
3
(
2
0
0
0
)
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
is
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
id
en
tific
atio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
5
5
5
-
572
558
o
f
h
az
ar
d
s
,
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
p
o
ten
tial
r
is
k
s
,
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t stra
teg
ies to
p
r
ev
en
t
an
d
m
itig
ate
th
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
ch
em
icals
an
d
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
with
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
estab
lis
h
m
en
ts
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
u
tlin
ed
in
s
u
b
-
s
ec
tio
n
s
2
.
1
,
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
ain
s
tag
es
o
f
th
e
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
a
clea
r
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
s
eq
u
en
ce
an
d
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
lo
g
ical
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
ea
ch
s
tag
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Stan
d
a
r
d
f
l
o
wch
ar
t f
o
r
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
[
1
1
]
–
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
4
]
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
r
ec
en
t
ASEA
N
an
d
g
lo
b
al
ch
em
ical
s
af
ety
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
h
av
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
em
p
h
asized
in
teg
r
ated
an
d
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
ch
em
ical
m
an
ag
em
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
ASEA
N
h
as
ad
v
an
ce
d
ch
em
ical
s
af
ety
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
itiativ
es
s
u
ch
as
th
e
Ho
s
p
r
ep
Pro
g
r
am
m
e
(
2
0
2
5
)
[
2
7
]
,
wh
ich
aim
s
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
h
o
s
p
ital
p
r
ep
ar
ed
n
ess
f
o
r
ch
em
ical
em
er
g
en
cies,
as
well
as
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
ltis
ec
to
r
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
d
esig
n
ed
to
en
h
an
ce
r
eg
io
n
al
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
in
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
,
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
an
d
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
ch
em
ical
in
cid
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
,
o
r
g
an
ized
b
y
th
e
UK
Hea
lth
Secu
r
ity
Ag
en
cy
,
f
o
cu
s
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
in
ter
s
ec
to
r
al
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
an
d
r
ef
in
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ch
em
ical
in
cid
en
t m
an
ag
em
en
t a
cr
o
s
s
ASEA
N
m
em
b
er
s
tates
[
2
8
]
.
I
n
2
0
2
5
,
J
ap
an
’
s
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
th
e
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
is
s
u
ed
th
e
g
lo
b
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
n
ch
em
icals
(
GFC
)
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
p
lan
in
alig
n
m
en
t
with
th
e
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
GFC
ad
o
p
ted
in
Ger
m
an
y
in
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
p
lan
em
p
h
asizes
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
life
cy
cle
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
ch
em
icals,
co
v
er
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
u
s
ag
e,
an
d
d
is
p
o
s
al,
wh
ile
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
m
u
ltis
ec
to
r
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
to
p
r
o
tect
b
o
th
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
an
d
h
u
m
an
h
ea
lth
[
2
7
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
g
lo
b
al
in
itiativ
e
R
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
C
ar
e®,
led
b
y
C
ef
ic,
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
ch
em
ical
s
af
ety
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
aim
s
to
en
h
an
ce
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal,
h
ea
lth
,
s
af
ety
,
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
co
m
m
itm
en
ts
an
d
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
s
t
ewa
r
d
s
h
ip
p
r
ac
tices
[
3
]
.
2
.
2
.
E
H
S r
is
k
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
princip
le
I
n
p
r
ac
tice,
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
E
HS
r
is
k
s
o
f
ten
em
p
h
asize
s
af
ety
-
r
elate
d
h
az
ar
d
s
[
2
3
]
.
Nev
er
th
e
less
,
s
af
ety
co
n
s
titu
tes
o
n
ly
o
n
e
f
ac
et
o
f
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
E
HS
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
E
HS
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
n
ec
ess
itates
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
m
itig
atio
n
o
f
r
is
k
s
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
s
p
an
n
in
g
th
e
en
tire
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
ese
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
in
clu
d
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
r
is
k
s
,
s
u
ch
as
p
o
llu
tio
n
,
waste
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
an
d
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
u
s
e
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
;
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
h
ea
lth
r
is
k
s
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
em
p
lo
y
ee
well
-
b
ein
g
an
d
wo
r
k
-
r
elate
d
illn
ess
es;
an
d
s
af
ety
r
is
k
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ac
cid
en
ts
,
in
ju
r
ies,
an
d
em
er
g
en
cy
s
itu
atio
n
s
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
is
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
ad
o
p
ts
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
y
ev
alu
atin
g
b
o
th
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
an
d
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
ch
em
ical
in
cid
en
ts
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
r
is
k
s
co
r
e
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
1
)
.
E
ac
h
f
ac
to
r
is
ass
ig
n
ed
a
n
u
m
er
ical
v
alu
e
b
ased
o
n
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
cr
iter
ia
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
an
d
o
b
jectiv
ity
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
2
3
]
.
=
ℎ
×
(
1
)
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
h
az
ar
d
id
en
tific
atio
n
,
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
s
ev
en
an
aly
tical
to
o
ls
o
r
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t.
E
ac
h
to
o
l ser
v
es
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
d
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
p
ar
ticu
lar
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
th
er
eb
y
en
ab
lin
g
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
p
o
ten
tial
h
az
ar
d
s
[
3
1
]
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
to
o
ls
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
n
ess
o
f
th
e
h
az
ar
d
id
en
tific
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
C
o
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
to
o
ls
in
clu
d
e
ch
ec
k
lis
t
s
,
wh
at
-
if
an
aly
s
is
,
h
az
ar
d
an
d
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
s
tu
d
y
(
HAZ
OP)
,
f
au
lt
tr
ee
an
aly
s
is
(
FTA)
,
ev
en
t
tr
ee
an
aly
s
is
(
E
T
A)
,
f
ailu
r
e
m
o
d
es
an
d
ef
f
ec
ts
an
aly
s
is
(
FME
A)
,
an
d
th
e
an
aly
tic
h
ier
ar
ch
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
(
AHP)
.
C
h
ec
k
lis
t
is
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
wo
r
k
p
lace
s
af
ety
,
p
r
im
ar
ily
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
id
en
tify
in
g
p
o
ten
tial
h
az
ar
d
s
th
at
m
ay
ar
is
e
d
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
a
tio
n
al
ac
tiv
ities
.
Dev
elo
p
ed
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
estab
lis
h
ed
s
af
ety
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
g
u
id
elin
es,
an
d
ap
p
licab
le
leg
al
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
A
n
in
teg
r
a
ted
E
HS
-
b
a
s
ed
r
is
k
a
s
s
ess
men
t fra
mewo
r
k
fo
r
h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
ta
n
ce
…
(
He
n
g
h
e
n
g
Ja
r
u
n
o
n
g
kra
n
)
559
ty
p
ically
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
s
et
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
s
r
elate
d
to
wo
r
k
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
d
esig
n
,
an
d
ope
r
atio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
s
ar
e
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
co
llected
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
to
id
en
tify
h
az
ar
d
s
,
th
er
eb
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
h
az
ar
d
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
es
[
1
]
.
W
h
at
-
if
an
al
y
s
is
is
u
s
ed
to
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
id
en
tify
an
d
ev
alu
ate
p
o
ten
tial
h
az
ar
d
s
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
“Wh
at
if
.
.
.
”
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
I
t
g
en
er
ates
h
y
p
o
th
etica
l
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
ev
iatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
ass
ess
th
eir
p
o
ten
tial
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
an
aly
s
is
,
it
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
p
r
ac
tical
s
tr
ateg
ies to
co
n
tr
o
l,
p
r
ev
en
t,
o
r
m
itig
ate
r
is
k
s
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ac
tiv
ities
[
1
]
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
HAZ
OP
is
u
s
ed
to
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
id
en
tify
h
az
ar
d
s
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
is
s
u
es
with
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
y
s
tem
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
d
esig
n
d
ef
icien
cies
an
d
u
n
in
ten
d
ed
d
ev
iatio
n
s
.
I
t
ap
p
li
es
to
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
,
h
y
p
o
th
esis
-
d
r
iv
en
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ex
am
in
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
ev
iatio
n
s
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
HAZ
OP h
elp
s
an
ticip
ate
an
d
m
itig
ate
r
is
k
s
,
th
er
eb
y
en
h
an
cin
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
af
ety
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
[
1
]
.
FTA
is
an
an
aly
tical
to
o
l
u
s
ed
to
id
en
tify
an
d
ev
alu
ate
h
az
ar
d
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
o
s
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
ast
o
r
p
o
ten
tial
m
a
jo
r
in
cid
en
ts
.
I
ts
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
ex
am
in
e
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
ca
u
s
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
to
p
-
d
o
wn
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
co
n
s
id
er
s
b
o
th
h
is
to
r
ical
ac
cid
en
ts
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
d
is
aster
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
b
eg
in
s
b
y
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
ev
en
t
an
d
th
e
n
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
in
g
it
in
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
s
u
b
-
ev
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
m
ac
h
in
er
y
m
alf
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
f
ailu
r
es,
o
r
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ev
iatio
n
s
.
B
y
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
th
ese
ev
en
ts
an
d
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
,
FTA
en
ab
les
p
r
ec
is
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
r
o
o
t c
au
s
es a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
p
r
ev
en
tiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
[
1
]
.
Similar
ly
,
E
T
A
is
an
an
aly
tical
to
o
l
u
s
ed
to
id
en
tify
p
o
ten
tial h
az
ar
d
s
an
d
ev
alu
ate
th
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
ar
is
in
g
f
r
o
m
an
in
itiatin
g
ev
en
t.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
p
r
ed
ictin
g
an
d
ex
am
in
in
g
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
ev
en
t
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
,
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
ass
ess
in
g
im
p
ac
ts
s
u
ch
as
m
ac
h
in
er
y
d
am
ag
e,
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
f
ailu
r
e,
o
r
o
p
er
atio
n
al
er
r
o
r
s
th
at
m
ay
lead
to
ad
v
er
s
e
o
u
tco
m
es.
E
T
A
en
ab
les s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
ev
en
t p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
,
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
r
ec
u
r
r
en
ce
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
s
af
ety
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
it
h
elp
s
id
en
tify
d
ef
icien
cies
o
r
v
u
ln
er
ab
il
ities
th
at
m
ay
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
es
[
1
]
.
FME
A
is
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
to
o
l
f
o
r
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
an
aly
s
is
,
with
p
ar
ticu
lar
em
p
h
asis
o
n
id
en
tify
in
g
p
o
ten
tial
f
ailu
r
e
m
o
d
es
with
in
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
o
r
m
ac
h
in
er
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
FME
A
is
to
id
en
tify
an
d
ev
alu
ate
p
o
ten
tial
r
is
k
s
,
th
er
eb
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
es
aim
ed
at
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
f
ailu
r
e
an
d
m
itig
atin
g
im
p
ac
ts
o
n
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
[
3
4
]
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
AHP
is
a
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
to
o
l
wid
ely
u
s
ed
to
p
r
io
r
itize
f
ac
to
r
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
ts
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
p
r
in
cip
le
is
th
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
a
p
r
o
b
lem
in
to
a
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
th
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
e,
m
ajo
r
cr
iter
ia,
an
d
s
u
b
-
cr
iter
i
a.
AHP
f
ac
ilit
ates
p
air
wis
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
r
elativ
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
ea
ch
f
ac
to
r
,
co
n
v
er
tin
g
ex
p
er
t
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
ju
d
g
m
en
ts
,
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
in
to
q
u
an
titativ
e
v
alu
es.
T
h
ese
v
alu
es
ar
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
ap
p
lied
as
weig
h
ted
in
p
u
ts
in
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
aly
s
i
s
to
estab
lis
h
th
e
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
an
d
r
an
k
in
g
o
f
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
[
3
5
]
.
2
.
3
.
P
rinciples
o
f
env
iro
nm
ent
a
l r
is
k
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
is
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
an
d
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
th
at
ch
em
icals
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
ac
tiv
ities
m
ay
ex
er
t
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
is
ass
ess
m
en
t
ty
p
ically
e
m
p
lo
y
s
to
o
ls
b
ased
o
n
ec
o
to
x
ico
lo
g
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
wh
ich
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
to
x
icity
o
f
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
o
n
liv
in
g
o
r
g
an
is
m
s
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
E
x
am
p
les
o
f
p
ar
am
eter
s
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
tili
ze
d
in
s
u
ch
ass
ess
m
en
ts
in
clu
d
e:
i)
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
5
0
%
(
E
C
50
)
-
aq
u
atic
to
x
icity
:
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
a
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
at
wh
ich
5
0
%
o
f
aq
u
atic
o
r
g
an
is
m
s
ex
h
ib
it
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
m
o
b
ilit
y
o
r
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
im
p
air
m
en
t
[
3
6
]
;
ii)
lo
g
b
io
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
f
ac
to
r
(
BCF
)
:
th
is
v
alu
e
in
d
icate
s
th
e
ten
d
en
cy
o
f
ch
em
icals
to
ac
cu
m
u
late
in
aq
u
atic
o
r
g
an
is
m
s
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
in
th
e
tis
s
u
es
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
is
m
s
to
th
at
in
th
e
wate
r
[
3
7
]
;
an
d
iii)
lo
g
o
ctan
o
l/water
p
ar
titi
o
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
K
ow
)
:
th
is
v
alu
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
’
s
s
o
lu
b
ilit
y
ca
p
ac
ity
in
f
ats co
m
p
ar
ed
to
wate
r
,
wh
ich
is
r
elate
d
to
its
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
in
to
th
e
b
o
d
y
an
d
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
in
liv
in
g
o
r
g
an
is
m
s
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
u
ch
d
ata
en
ab
les
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
cien
tis
ts
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
au
th
o
r
ities
to
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
ely
ev
alu
ate
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
r
is
k
s
.
B
y
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
ex
am
in
in
g
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
lev
els,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
p
ath
way
s
,
an
d
p
o
ten
tial e
co
lo
g
ical
im
p
ac
ts
,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es a
clea
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
ev
er
ity
an
d
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
ts
.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
in
f
o
r
m
ed
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
ch
em
ical
m
an
ag
em
en
t a
n
d
r
elate
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
ac
tio
n
s
[
3
9
]
.
2
.
4
.
P
rinciples
o
f
hea
lt
h r
is
k
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
Hea
lth
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
is
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
th
at
in
d
iv
id
u
als
m
ay
ex
p
er
ie
n
c
e
ad
v
er
s
e
h
ea
lth
ef
f
ec
ts
d
u
e
to
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
ch
em
icals o
r
o
th
er
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
.
I
t p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
id
en
tify
in
g
h
az
ar
d
s
,
esti
m
atin
g
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
lev
els,
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
izin
g
p
o
ten
tial h
ea
lth
im
p
ac
ts
.
T
h
e
ass
ess
m
en
t c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
s
tag
es,
with
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
k
ey
s
tep
s
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
[
4
0
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
5
5
5
-
572
560
2
.
4
.
1
.
Do
s
e
-
re
s
po
ns
e
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
,
a
ls
o
k
no
wn a
s
t
o
x
icit
y
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
T
h
is
ass
ess
m
en
t
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
lev
el
o
f
ch
em
ical
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
an
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
h
ea
lth
ef
f
ec
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
ju
r
ies
o
r
d
is
ea
s
es.
B
ec
au
s
e
m
o
s
t
ch
em
icals
ca
u
s
e
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
ly
wh
en
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ex
ce
ed
s
a
ce
r
tain
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ch
em
ical
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
-
r
esp
o
n
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
[
4
1
]
.
E
v
alu
atio
n
d
ata
ar
e
ty
p
ically
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
an
im
al
to
x
ico
lo
g
ical
s
tu
d
ies
o
r
h
u
m
an
ep
id
em
io
lo
g
ical
r
esear
ch
,
with
p
r
io
r
ity
g
iv
en
to
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
ef
lectin
g
ac
tu
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
tar
g
et
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
Fo
r
n
o
n
-
ca
r
cin
o
g
en
ic
ch
em
icals,
ass
ess
m
en
ts
g
en
er
ally
ass
u
m
e
th
at
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
cc
u
r
o
n
ly
ab
o
v
e
a
d
ef
in
ed
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
an
d
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
alu
es
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
is
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
as
f
o
llo
ws:
i)
lo
west
-
o
b
s
er
v
ed
-
ad
v
er
s
e
-
ef
f
ec
t
lev
el
(
L
OAE
L
)
:
th
e
lo
west
o
b
s
er
v
ed
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
t
lev
el
[
4
2
]
;
ii)
n
o
-
o
b
s
er
v
ed
-
ef
f
ec
t
lev
el
(
NOE
L
)
:
th
e
n
o
o
b
s
er
v
ed
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
t
lev
el
[
4
3
]
;
an
d
iii)
n
o
-
o
b
s
er
v
ed
-
ad
v
er
s
e
-
ef
f
ec
t
lev
el
(
NOAE
L
)
:
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
d
o
s
e
th
at
d
o
es
n
o
t
ca
u
s
e
h
ar
m
f
u
l e
f
f
ec
ts
to
th
e
b
o
d
y
[
4
2
]
.
2
.
4
.
2
.
E
x
po
s
ure
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
E
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
is
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
ch
em
icals
en
ter
in
g
th
e
h
u
m
an
b
o
d
y
.
E
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
m
ay
o
cc
u
r
v
ia
m
u
ltip
le
p
ath
way
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
h
alatio
n
,
in
g
esti
o
n
,
o
r
d
er
m
al
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
alu
es
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
tili
ze
d
[
4
4
]
:
i)
ac
u
te
to
x
icity
-
o
r
al
L
D
50
:
it
is
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
a
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
th
at
ca
u
s
es
ac
u
te
to
x
icity
wh
en
in
g
ested
an
d
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
d
ea
th
o
f
5
0
%
o
f
th
e
test
an
im
al
g
r
o
u
p
[
45]
;
ii)
ac
u
te
to
x
icity
-
d
er
m
al
LD
50
:
it
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
a
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
th
at
in
d
u
ce
s
ac
u
te
to
x
icity
v
ia
d
er
m
al
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
th
e
m
o
r
tality
o
f
5
0
%
o
f
th
e
test
an
im
als
[
4
6
]
;
an
d
iii)
ac
u
te
to
x
icity
-
in
h
alatio
n
L
C
50
:
it
d
en
o
tes
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
a
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
in
th
e
air
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
ac
u
te
to
x
icity
v
ia
in
h
alatio
n
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
th
e
m
o
r
tality
o
f
5
0
% o
f
th
e
test
an
im
als
[
4
7
]
.
2
.
5
.
P
rinciples
o
f
risk
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
in s
a
f
et
y
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
T
h
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
s
af
ety
r
is
k
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
ch
em
ical
s
to
r
ag
e
n
ec
ess
itates
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
m
ay
p
r
ec
ip
itate
ac
cid
en
ts
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
cr
itical
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
af
ety
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ea
s
u
r
es.
Su
ch
ev
alu
atio
n
s
m
ay
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
with
r
ef
er
en
ce
to
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
as f
o
llo
ws
[
4
8
]
.
2
.
5
.
1
.
Q
ua
ntit
y
o
f
chem
ica
l st
o
ra
g
e
T
h
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
u
s
t
co
n
s
id
er
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
th
e
q
u
an
titi
es
o
f
ch
em
icals
s
to
r
ed
o
v
er
tim
e,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
o
f
u
n
u
s
u
ally
lar
g
e
o
r
s
m
all
am
o
u
n
ts
,
as
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
t
b
o
th
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
ac
cid
en
ts
an
d
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
th
eir
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
[
4
9
]
.
Flu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
s
to
r
ag
e
lev
els
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
r
is
k
p
r
o
f
iles
b
y
alter
in
g
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
p
o
ten
tial
an
d
h
az
ar
d
in
ten
s
ity
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
ev
alu
atin
g
th
ese
v
ar
iatio
n
s
is
ess
en
tial
to
en
s
u
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
r
is
k
esti
m
atio
n
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
af
ety
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
2
.
5
.
2
.
F
ire
prev
ent
io
n a
nd
s
up
press
io
n
s
y
s
t
em
f
o
r
ha
za
rdo
us
chem
ica
ls
T
h
e
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
in
s
tallatio
n
o
f
f
ir
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
an
d
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
i
n
ch
em
ical
s
to
r
ag
e
ar
ea
s
m
u
s
t
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
class
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
ch
em
icals
to
en
s
u
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
ir
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
[
5
0
]
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
ch
em
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
s
u
ch
as
f
lam
m
ab
ilit
y
,
r
ea
ctiv
ity
,
an
d
to
x
icity
,
r
eq
u
ir
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
an
d
co
m
p
atib
le
ex
tin
g
u
is
h
in
g
ag
en
ts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
p
r
o
p
er
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
ch
em
ical
class
if
icat
io
n
s
is
ess
en
tial
to
en
h
an
ce
s
af
ety
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
an
d
m
in
im
ize
p
o
ten
ti
al
f
ir
e
-
r
e
la
ted
d
am
ag
e.
2
.
5
.
3
.
Act
iv
it
ies co
nd
uct
ed
in a
n o
pen m
a
nn
er
Activ
ities
in
v
o
lv
in
g
th
e
h
an
d
lin
g
o
f
ch
em
icals
in
o
p
en
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
u
ch
as
ch
em
ical
f
illi
n
g
o
r
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
,
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
u
b
jecte
d
t
o
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
r
ev
en
tiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
o
win
g
to
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
o
ten
tia
l
f
o
r
ch
em
ical
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
an
d
ac
cid
en
t
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
[
5
1
]
.
Op
en
h
an
d
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
elev
ate
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
leak
s
,
s
p
ills
,
o
r
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
tact
with
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
is
k
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
s
tr
ict
co
n
tr
o
l m
ea
s
u
r
es a
r
e
ess
en
tial to
r
ed
u
ce
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
an
d
p
r
ev
en
t o
p
er
atio
n
al
in
cid
en
ts
.
2
.
5
.
4
.
M
a
na
g
em
ent
o
f
f
a
cilit
ies a
nd
equip
m
ent
in t
he
wa
re
ho
us
e
T
h
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e
ar
ea
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
v
eh
icles
an
d
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
u
tili
ze
d
in
war
eh
o
u
s
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
u
b
ject
to
r
eg
u
lar
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
to
p
r
ev
en
t
ac
cid
en
ts
an
d
m
itig
ate
p
o
ten
tial
d
am
ag
e
[
5
2
]
.
R
o
u
tin
e
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
s
h
elp
id
en
tify
m
ec
h
an
ical
d
ef
ec
ts
,
o
p
er
atio
n
al
h
az
ar
d
s
,
an
d
u
n
s
af
e
p
r
ac
tices
th
at
m
ay
in
cr
ea
s
e
ac
cid
en
t
r
is
k
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
m
ain
ten
an
ce
ar
e
ess
en
tial
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
af
e
war
eh
o
u
s
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
m
in
im
ize
p
o
ten
tial lo
s
s
es.
2
.
5
.
5
.
Sa
f
et
y
m
ea
s
ures a
nd
re
g
ula
t
io
ns
R
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ad
h
er
en
ce
to
estab
lis
h
ed
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
itig
atin
g
r
is
k
s
an
d
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
ac
cid
en
ts
in
ch
em
ical
s
to
r
ag
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
[
5
3
]
.
C
o
m
p
lian
ce
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
s
af
ety
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
A
n
in
teg
r
a
ted
E
HS
-
b
a
s
ed
r
is
k
a
s
s
ess
men
t fra
mewo
r
k
fo
r
h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
ta
n
ce
…
(
He
n
g
h
e
n
g
Ja
r
u
n
o
n
g
kra
n
)
561
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
im
p
lem
en
ted
an
d
th
at
p
o
ten
tial
h
az
ar
d
s
ar
e
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
co
n
tr
o
lled
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
tr
ict
en
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
th
ese
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
m
ain
tain
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
af
ety
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
in
cid
en
ts
.
2
.
5
.
6
.
E
qu
ipm
ent
m
a
inte
na
nce
pla
n
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
o
n
g
o
in
g
m
ain
ten
an
ce
o
f
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
ass
o
ciate
d
with
ch
em
ical
s
to
r
ag
e
co
n
s
titu
te
cr
itical
f
ac
to
r
s
in
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
af
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
m
in
im
izin
g
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
ac
cid
en
ts
[
4
8
]
.
I
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
E
HS
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
th
r
ee
p
r
im
ar
y
ty
p
es.
Deta
iled
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
s
u
b
-
s
ec
tio
n
s
2
.
3
to
2
.
5
,
wh
ile
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
co
n
ce
p
ts
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
wh
ich
d
ep
icts
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
p
r
in
cip
les
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
E
HS
-
b
ased
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t.
I
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
E
HS
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
ea
ch
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
ev
alu
atio
n
d
elin
ea
tes
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
h
az
ar
d
s
an
d
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
o
f
h
az
a
r
d
o
u
s
m
ater
ials
,
as
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ca
teg
o
r
izatio
n
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
r
is
k
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
s
to
r
ag
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
b
asis
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
is
k
co
n
tr
o
l m
ea
s
u
r
es.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Su
m
m
ar
izin
g
t
h
e
p
r
i
n
cip
les an
d
to
o
ls
f
o
r
E
HS a
s
s
ess
m
en
t
[
3
9
]
,
[
4
4
]
,
[
4
8
]
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Flo
wch
ar
t
o
f
r
is
k
e
v
en
ts
an
d
f
ac
to
r
s
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
t
o
ch
em
ical
h
az
a
r
d
r
is
k
s
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
5
4
]
–
[
6
3
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
5
5
5
-
572
562
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h c
o
ncept
ua
l f
ra
m
ewo
rk
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ts
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
an
d
ev
alu
ate
E
HS
r
is
k
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
e
co
r
e
E
HS d
o
m
ain
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
co
m
m
en
ce
s
with
a
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
e
DI
W
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
g
u
id
elin
es,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
with
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
I
SO
1
4
0
0
1
(
EMS
)
an
d
I
SO
4
5
0
0
1
(
OH&
S
)
.
A
g
ap
an
aly
s
is
will
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
id
en
tify
d
ef
icien
cies
o
r
wea
k
n
ess
es
with
in
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
T
h
ai
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
an
in
teg
r
ated
E
HS
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
will b
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
m
o
r
e
b
alan
ce
d
,
co
m
p
lian
t,
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
ally
alig
n
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
is
k
ev
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
is
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
en
ab
les
a
b
alan
ce
d
ev
alu
atio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
E
HS
d
o
m
ain
s
.
T
h
e
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
alig
n
ed
with
DI
W
g
u
id
elin
es
in
T
h
ailan
d
wh
ile
also
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
,
th
er
eb
y
id
en
tify
in
g
g
ap
s
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
an
in
teg
r
ated
E
HS r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t c
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
m
o
d
el.
3
.
2
.
Select
io
n us
ing
P
RIS
M
A
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
co
n
d
u
cted
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
o
f
r
elev
an
t
liter
atu
r
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
PR
I
SMA
co
n
ce
p
t
to
in
f
o
r
m
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
I
n
itially
,
a
to
tal
o
f
3
6
2
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
.
Fo
llo
w
in
g
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
,
8
2
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
co
n
tain
d
u
p
licate
co
n
ten
t,
1
4
9
wer
e
d
ee
m
ed
u
n
r
elate
d
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
es,
an
d
5
7
wer
e
in
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
in
f
u
ll
tex
t.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
7
4
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
to
b
e
b
o
th
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
an
d
p
er
tin
en
t
to
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
th
e
f
lo
wch
ar
t
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
R
esear
ch
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
PR
I
SMA
co
n
ce
p
t
3
.
3
.
Da
t
a
s
o
urce
s
Prim
ar
y
d
ata
wer
e
co
llected
v
ia
a
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
o
n
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
to
r
ag
e
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t.
So
u
r
ce
s
f
r
o
m
Scien
ce
Dir
ec
t,
Go
o
g
le
Sch
o
lar
,
an
d
th
e
DI
W
web
s
ite
wer
e
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
r
elev
an
ce
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
0
to
2
0
2
5
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
p
ee
r
-
r
ev
iewe
d
r
esear
ch
,
ac
ad
em
ic
s
tu
d
ies,
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
g
u
id
an
ce
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
cu
r
r
en
t stra
teg
ies an
d
p
r
ac
tices.
3
.
4
.
Co
m
pli
a
nce
v
a
lua
t
io
n
C
o
m
p
lian
ce
is
ass
ess
ed
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices
ag
ain
s
t
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
id
en
tify
in
g
g
ap
s
,
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
in
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
r
r
ec
tiv
e
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
ai
leg
is
latio
n
,
n
o
tab
ly
th
e
DI
W
an
n
o
u
n
ce
m
en
t
o
n
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
f
o
r
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
o
f
ch
em
icals
an
d
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
,
B
.
E
.
2
5
5
0
,
s
er
v
es
as
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
A
n
in
teg
r
a
ted
E
HS
-
b
a
s
ed
r
is
k
a
s
s
ess
men
t fra
mewo
r
k
fo
r
h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
ta
n
ce
…
(
He
n
g
h
e
n
g
Ja
r
u
n
o
n
g
kra
n
)
563
a
p
r
im
ar
y
r
ef
er
en
ce
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
en
co
m
p
ass
es
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
k
ey
asp
ec
ts
[
6
4
]
.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
ev
alu
atin
g
ch
em
ical
s
to
r
ag
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
tain
er
in
teg
r
ity
,
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
eg
r
eg
atio
n
,
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
p
ill
co
n
tain
m
en
t
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
DI
W
g
u
id
elin
es,
with
an
y
in
s
tan
ce
s
o
f
n
o
n
-
co
m
p
lian
ce
d
u
ly
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
.
T
h
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
SDS
f
o
r
all
ch
e
m
icals
ar
e
v
er
if
ied
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
Occ
u
p
atio
n
al
S
af
ety
an
d
Hea
lth
A
d
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
(
OSHA
)
an
d
GHS
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
with
an
y
m
is
s
in
g
o
r
in
co
m
p
lete
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
id
en
tifie
d
.
E
m
p
lo
y
ee
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
u
s
e
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
p
r
o
tectiv
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
(
PP
E
)
a
r
e
ev
alu
ated
in
alig
n
m
en
t
with
I
SO
4
5
0
0
1
,
an
d
an
y
d
ef
icien
cies
ar
e
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
.
R
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
em
er
g
en
cy
p
r
ep
ar
ed
n
ess
ar
e
ass
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
p
lan
s
,
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
an
d
d
r
ills
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
Sev
eso
I
I
I
d
ir
ec
tiv
es
an
d
ap
p
li
ca
b
le
lo
ca
l
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
,
with
an
y
g
ap
s
d
u
ly
id
en
tifie
d
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
ch
em
ical
in
v
en
to
r
ies
an
d
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ar
e
r
ev
iewe
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
tim
ely
s
u
b
m
is
s
io
n
to
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
au
th
o
r
ities
,
as
m
an
d
ated
b
y
E
C
HA
an
d
DI
W
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
co
m
p
li
an
ce
ev
alu
atio
n
en
co
m
p
ass
es
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
ch
em
ical
r
is
k
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
alig
n
m
en
t
with
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
E
U
R
E
AC
H
f
o
r
ch
em
ical
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
an
d
s
af
ety
[
1
5
]
,
US
OSHA
f
o
r
OH&
S
,
an
d
J
ap
an
’
s
C
h
em
ical
Su
b
s
tan
ce
s
C
o
n
tr
o
l
L
aw
(
C
SC
L
)
f
o
r
r
eg
u
latin
g
ch
em
ical
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
u
s
e
to
p
r
ev
en
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
an
d
h
ea
lth
h
az
ar
d
s
[
2
1
]
.
Su
ch
co
m
p
lian
ce
ass
ess
m
en
ts
en
ab
le
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
s
af
ely
,
in
f
u
ll
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
leg
al
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
an
d
in
alig
n
m
en
t
with
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
E
HS stan
d
ar
d
s
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
4
.
1
.
K
ey
f
ind
ing
s
f
ro
m
lite
ra
t
ure
a
nd
ca
s
e
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
ch
em
ical
in
d
u
s
tr
y
co
n
tin
u
es
to
f
ac
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
s
af
ety
ch
allen
g
es
ar
is
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
h
an
d
lin
g
o
f
f
lam
m
ab
le,
r
ea
cti
v
e,
an
d
to
x
ic
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
.
T
h
e
ex
p
lo
s
io
n
at
Min
g
Dih
C
h
em
ical
C
o
.
,
L
td
.
in
Sam
u
t
Pra
k
an
,
T
h
ailan
d
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
s
ev
er
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
o
f
in
ad
eq
u
ate
s
to
r
ag
e
p
r
ac
tices,
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
r
is
k
co
n
tr
o
ls
,
an
d
lap
s
es
in
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
co
m
p
lian
ce
.
Desp
ite
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
is
s
u
ed
b
y
th
e
DI
W
,
en
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
r
em
ain
s
wea
k
,
leg
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ar
e
f
r
ag
m
en
ted
,
an
d
cr
itical
s
af
ety
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
o
f
ten
in
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
in
co
n
s
is
ten
t
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
SDS,
GHS
lab
elin
g
,
an
d
h
az
ar
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
f
u
r
th
er
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
es saf
et
y
in
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
m
ater
ial
s
to
r
ag
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
4
.
2
.
Reg
ula
t
o
ry
a
nd
t
ec
hn
ica
l g
a
ps
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
cr
itical
g
ap
s
in
th
e
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
m
ater
ial
s
to
r
ag
e,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
b
ased
o
n
o
u
td
ated
d
ata,
in
co
n
s
is
ten
t r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t p
r
o
to
co
ls
lack
in
g
alig
n
m
en
t
with
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
lim
ited
p
u
b
lic
awa
r
en
ess
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
ag
m
en
tatio
n
r
esu
ltin
g
f
r
o
m
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
laws
th
at
g
en
er
ate
co
n
f
u
s
io
n
an
d
im
p
ed
e
tim
ely
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
ese
w
ea
k
n
ess
es
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
h
az
ar
d
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
r
ac
tices.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
ese
d
ef
icien
cies
is
ess
en
tial
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
co
h
er
en
ce
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ata
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
an
d
en
h
an
ce
o
v
er
all
s
af
ety
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
4
.
3
.
Co
m
pa
ra
t
iv
e
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
o
f
ex
is
t
ing
f
ra
m
ewo
rk
s
A
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
an
d
n
atio
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
was
u
n
d
er
tak
en
to
id
en
tify
b
est
p
r
ac
tices
f
o
r
E
HS
-
b
ased
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t.
T
h
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
en
ab
led
a
s
y
s
tem
at
ic
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
eir
p
r
in
cip
les,
cr
iter
ia,
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
e
r
elate
d
k
ey
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ar
e
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
o
u
tlin
ed
ab
o
v
e
ex
h
ib
it
v
ar
y
in
g
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
en
ess
,
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
,
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
.
A
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
ls
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
s
co
p
e,
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
co
n
tex
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
in
d
icate
s
th
at
m
o
s
t
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
o
p
er
ate
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
,
lack
in
g
f
u
ll in
teg
r
atio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
E
HS d
o
m
ain
s
[
6
5
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
A
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
a
n
d
n
ati
o
n
al
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
F
r
a
mew
o
r
k
K
e
y
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
I
S
O
1
4
0
0
1
EM
S
f
o
c
u
si
n
g
o
n
su
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s a
n
d
p
o
l
l
u
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
.
I
S
O
4
5
0
0
1
O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
s
a
f
e
t
y
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
a
i
me
d
a
t
h
a
z
a
r
d
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
r
i
sk
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
.
EC
H
A
/
GHS
G
l
o
b
a
l
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
s f
o
r
c
h
e
mi
c
a
l
c
l
a
ss
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
l
a
b
e
l
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
h
a
z
a
r
d
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
R
F
EM
A
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
v
e
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
c
h
e
mi
c
a
l
d
i
s
p
e
r
si
o
n
a
n
d
d
e
f
i
n
i
n
g
r
i
s
k
z
o
n
e
s.
N
I
H
/
B
I
O
W
I
N
3
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
t
o
o
l
s
a
n
d
d
a
t
a
b
a
ses
f
o
r
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y
a
n
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
men
t
a
l
p
e
r
si
s
t
e
n
c
e
.
S
e
v
e
s
o
I
I
I
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
v
e
EU
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
v
e
c
l
a
ssi
f
y
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
-
a
n
d
l
o
w
-
r
i
sk
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
g
u
i
d
i
n
g
maj
o
r
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
st
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
.
D
I
W
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
(
T
h
a
i
l
a
n
d
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
a
w
s
g
o
v
e
r
n
i
n
g
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
st
o
r
a
g
e
,
h
a
z
a
r
d
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
r
i
s
k
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
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t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
5
5
5
-
572
564
4
.
4
.
Co
m
pa
ra
t
iv
e
a
na
ly
s
is
o
f
inte
rna
t
io
na
l r
eg
ula
t
o
ry
s
y
s
t
em
s
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
f
ac
ed
in
T
h
ailan
d
,
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
was
u
n
d
er
tak
en
o
f
m
ajo
r
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
ch
em
ical
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
E
U
R
E
AC
H,
US
OSHA,
an
d
J
ap
an
C
SC
L
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
f
er
s
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
b
est
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
less
o
n
s
lear
n
ed
,
wh
ich
ca
n
in
f
o
r
m
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
an
en
h
an
ce
d
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
o
d
el.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
less
o
n
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
T
h
ailan
d
’
s
ch
em
ical
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
as o
u
tli
n
ed
f
o
llo
ws
:
i)
Pro
ac
tiv
e
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
(
f
r
o
m
R
E
AC
H
an
d
C
SC
L
)
:
in
co
n
tr
ast
to
T
h
ailan
d
’
s
p
r
ed
o
m
in
an
tly
r
ea
ctiv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
b
o
th
E
U
R
E
AC
H
an
d
J
ap
an
C
SC
L
p
r
io
r
itize
p
r
e
-
m
ar
k
et
ev
alu
atio
n
,
ea
r
ly
h
az
ar
d
id
en
tific
atio
n
,
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ch
em
ical
tr
ac
k
in
g
[
2
2
]
.
ii)
Pu
b
lic
d
ata
ac
ce
s
s
(
f
r
o
m
R
E
AC
H)
:
R
E
AC
H’
s
ch
em
ical
s
af
ety
r
ep
o
r
ts
(
C
SR
)
p
r
o
v
id
e
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
th
at
f
o
s
ter
s
p
u
b
lic
tr
u
s
t
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
in
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
a
cr
itical
g
ap
in
T
h
ailan
d
’
s
ch
em
ical
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
[
6
6
]
.
iii)
I
n
teg
r
atio
n
with
E
H
S
(
g
lo
b
al
b
est
p
r
ac
tice)
:
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
ad
o
p
t
in
teg
r
ated
E
HS
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
er
ea
s
T
h
ailan
d
’
s
DI
W
g
u
id
elin
es
r
em
ain
f
r
ag
m
en
ted
an
d
p
r
im
ar
ily
o
p
er
atio
n
al
in
f
o
cu
s
[
6
7
]
.
4
.
5
.
Dev
elo
pm
ent
o
f
a
n inte
g
ra
t
ed
E
H
S
-
ba
s
ed
risk
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
a
pp
ro
a
ch
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
id
en
tifie
d
g
ap
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e,
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
o
f
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
,
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
E
HS
p
r
in
cip
les
an
d
in
teg
r
atin
g
DI
W
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
with
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
I
SO
1
4
0
0
1
,
I
SO
4
5
0
0
1
,
an
d
GHS.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
th
at
ev
alu
ates
s
ev
er
ity
,
lik
elih
o
o
d
,
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e,
an
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
th
er
eb
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
s
tr
ea
m
lin
ed
y
et
r
o
b
u
s
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
r
is
k
ev
alu
atio
n
,
re
g
u
lato
r
y
co
m
p
lian
ce
,
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
ated
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
f
er
s
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
ad
v
an
tag
es:
it
f
ac
ilit
ates
alig
n
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
n
atio
n
al
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
en
h
an
ce
s
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
to
h
az
ar
d
-
r
elate
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
p
r
o
m
o
tes
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
r
is
k
m
itig
atio
n
,
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
am
o
n
g
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
au
th
o
r
ities
,
in
d
u
s
tr
y
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
an
d
lo
ca
l c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
T
h
ailan
d
’
s
cu
r
r
en
t
ch
allen
g
es,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
k
ey
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
ch
em
ical
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
n
am
ely
E
U
R
E
AC
H,
US
OSHA,
an
d
J
ap
an
C
SC
L
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
[
6
8
]
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
ex
am
in
ed
th
eir
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
an
d
en
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
id
en
tify
tr
an
s
f
er
ab
le
p
r
ac
tices.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
b
est
p
r
ac
tice
s
an
d
ess
en
tial
p
o
licy
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
ch
em
ical
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
o
d
els
in
T
h
ailan
d
.
4
.
6
.
Dev
elo
pm
ent
o
f
pra
ct
ica
l t
o
o
ls
L
iter
atu
r
e
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
an
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
d
ig
ital
an
d
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
-
d
r
iv
en
to
o
ls
in
E
HS
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
an
aly
tics
,
an
d
au
to
m
ated
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
,
wh
ich
co
llectiv
ely
en
h
an
ce
s
itu
atio
n
al
awa
r
en
ess
a
n
d
in
cid
en
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
[
2
8
]
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
ch
allen
g
es
,
in
clu
d
in
g
d
ata
q
u
ality
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
co
s
ts
,
an
d
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
co
m
p
eten
cy
,
co
n
s
tr
ain
th
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
r
eg
io
n
s
s
u
ch
as
So
u
th
ea
s
t
Asi
a
[
6
9
]
.
C
o
n
cu
r
r
en
tly
,
p
r
ac
tical
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
ch
ec
k
lis
ts
,
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
d
esig
n
ed
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
E
HS
p
r
in
cip
les
an
d
DI
W
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
ca
n
f
ac
ilit
ate
r
o
u
tin
e
ass
ess
m
en
ts
b
y
SME
s
an
d
lo
ca
l
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
au
th
o
r
ities
.
T
h
ese
to
o
ls
h
elp
tr
an
s
late
co
m
p
lex
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
in
to
p
r
ac
tical
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
co
n
s
is
ten
t
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
ar
e
b
etter
eq
u
ip
p
ed
to
m
an
ag
e
co
m
p
lian
ce
o
b
lig
atio
n
s
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
ass
o
ciate
d
r
is
k
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
4
.
7
.
I
m
pli
ca
t
i
o
ns
f
o
r
ASE
A
N
ha
rm
o
niza
t
io
n,
po
licy
,
ind
us
t
ria
l z
o
nes
,
SM
E
s
,
a
n
d c
ro
s
s
-
bo
rder
chem
ica
l lo
g
is
t
ics
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
alig
n
s
with
ASEA
N
in
itiativ
es
to
h
ar
m
o
n
ize
ch
em
ical
s
af
ety
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
en
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t,
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
tr
ain
in
g
,
an
d
u
n
if
ied
class
if
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
E
HS
-
b
ased
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
f
er
s
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
y
et
ad
ap
tab
le
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
GHS
an
d
I
SO
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
3
]
.
W
ith
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
zo
n
es,
E
HS
ass
ess
m
en
ts
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
-
r
is
k
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
g
u
id
e
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
s
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
,
ac
cid
en
t
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
,
an
d
in
v
esto
r
co
n
f
id
en
ce
[
2
7
]
.
Fo
r
SME
s
,
s
im
p
lifie
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
an
d
d
ig
ital
co
m
p
lian
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
en
h
an
ce
awa
r
en
ess
,
tr
ain
in
g
,
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
ad
h
er
en
ce
,
m
itig
atin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
I
n
cr
o
s
s
-
b
o
r
d
er
ch
em
ical
lo
g
is
tics
,
h
ar
m
o
n
ized
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
f
o
s
ter
s
s
af
er
tr
ad
e
an
d
en
s
u
r
es
alig
n
m
en
t
with
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
E
U
R
E
AC
H,
US
OSHA,
an
d
J
ap
an
’
s
C
SC
L
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
an
aly
tics
en
ab
les
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
r
eg
io
n
al
s
af
ety
,
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
ASEA
N
-
wid
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
izati
o
n
[
3
]
.
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