I
nte
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io
na
l J
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urna
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Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
13
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
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b
er
2
0
2
4
,
p
p
.
7
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x
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C
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A
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W
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Fazlid
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Han
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Ab
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Sen
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o
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s
R
esear
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Gr
o
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p
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o
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E
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E
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Un
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AR
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4
0
4
5
0
,
Sh
ah
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Selan
g
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wan
f
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1.
I
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D
UCT
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O
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Sen
s
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s
ar
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v
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at
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ltag
e
in
r
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se
to
wh
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th
ey
m
ea
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e
[
1
]
.
Am
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v
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ty
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t f
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th
ei
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to
d
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s
[
2
]
.
A
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-
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f
f
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is
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s
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[
3
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Un
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p
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c
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r
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[
4
]
.
T
h
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s
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s
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m
p
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y
a
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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Ap
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,
Vo
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13
,
No
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4
,
Dec
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b
er
2
0
2
4
:
781
-
7
9
0
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c
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[
6
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.
W
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[
8
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k
s
er
v
er
[
9
]
–
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
ese
en
d
d
ev
ices
tr
an
s
m
it
d
ata
m
ess
ag
es
to
th
e
g
atew
ay
v
ia
L
o
R
a
r
ad
io
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
(
R
F)
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
to
th
e
th
in
g
s
n
etwo
r
k
(
T
T
N)
s
er
v
er
u
s
in
g
a
n
au
th
en
ticated
a
p
p
licatio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
in
ter
f
ac
e
(
API
)
k
e
y
.
T
h
e
T
T
N
s
er
v
er
also
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es a
n
d
v
alid
ates in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
en
d
d
e
v
ices
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
I
o
T
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
is
b
u
ilt
a
r
o
u
n
d
co
r
e
s
y
s
tem
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
3
]
,
in
clu
d
in
g
t
h
e
I
n
f
l
u
x
DB
d
atab
ase,
No
d
e
-
R
E
D
au
to
m
atio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
,
Mo
s
q
u
i
t
to
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
a
n
d
th
e
Gr
af
an
a
d
as
h
b
o
ar
d
.
Data
f
r
o
m
th
e
T
T
N
s
er
v
er
is
co
llected
u
s
in
g
th
e
lig
h
tweig
h
t
m
ess
ag
e
q
u
eu
in
g
telem
etr
y
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
(
MQ
T
T
)
p
r
o
to
co
l
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
wh
ic
h
em
p
lo
y
s
a
Pu
b
/Su
b
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
No
d
e
-
R
E
D
s
im
p
lifie
s
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
with
co
lo
r
-
co
d
ed
b
u
ild
i
n
g
b
lo
c
k
s
[
1
6
]
an
d
p
as
se
s
th
e
d
ata
to
I
n
f
lu
x
DB
,
wh
ich
is
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
its
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
h
an
d
lin
g
tim
e
s
er
ies
d
ata
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
will
th
en
b
e
s
en
t
to
Gr
a
f
an
a,
wh
ic
h
o
f
f
er
s
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
an
d
ad
d
itio
n
al
f
e
atu
r
es f
o
r
e
v
en
t tr
ac
k
in
g
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
b
u
ild
s
u
p
o
n
e
x
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
th
e
s
en
s
in
g
m
e
m
b
r
an
e
r
ec
ip
e
b
y
Z
u
lk
ef
le
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
an
d
t
h
e
E
GFET
r
ea
d
o
u
t
in
ter
f
ac
in
g
cir
c
u
itry
d
esig
n
ed
b
y
Gu
lig
a
et
a
l
.
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
E
GFET
p
H
s
o
il
s
en
s
o
r
s
d
o
n
o
t
co
m
e
with
an
y
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
ch
ip
o
r
a
n
y
c
o
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
m
o
d
u
le
to
c
o
m
m
u
n
icate
with
L
o
R
aWAN
an
d
th
e
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
t
o
p
r
ep
ar
e
an
E
GF
E
T
p
H
s
en
s
o
r
with
L
o
R
aWAN
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
f
o
r
s
o
il
s
en
s
in
g
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
with
in
t
h
e
L
o
R
aWAN
I
o
T
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ts
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
t
o
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
E
GFET
s
en
s
o
r
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
e
n
s
itiv
ity
an
d
lin
ea
r
ity
,
as
well
as
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
wi
th
L
o
R
a
W
AN.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
s
ec
tio
n
s
will
co
v
er
t
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
s
etu
p
,
L
o
R
aWAN
s
er
v
er
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
clo
u
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
I
o
T
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
o
p
r
ep
a
r
e
f
o
r
s
en
s
o
r
v
alid
a
tio
n
,
th
e
E
GFET
s
en
s
o
r
was
test
ed
with
a
co
m
m
er
cial
p
H
b
u
f
f
er
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
r
o
m
Su
p
elc
o
I
n
c
.,
an
d
RE
-
1
B
(
Ag
/Ag
C
l)
f
r
o
m
AL
S
C
o
.
,
L
td
wh
ich
ac
ts
a
s
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
elec
tr
o
d
e
.
T
h
e
b
u
f
f
er
s
o
l
u
tio
n
h
ad
c
o
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
2
,
4
,
7
,
1
0
,
a
n
d
1
2
.
T
h
r
ee
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
co
llect
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata:
a
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
(
DAQ)
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
r
o
m
T
ex
as
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
,
th
e
B
1
5
0
0
A
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
ev
ice
p
a
r
am
eter
a
n
aly
ze
r
(
B
1
5
0
0
)
f
r
o
m
k
e
y
s
ig
h
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
an
d
a
L
o
R
a
T
T
GO
m
icr
o
co
n
t
r
o
ller
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
th
e
I
o
T
s
er
v
e
r
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
will
ex
p
lain
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
etu
p
f
o
r
all
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
an
d
th
e
I
o
T
s
er
v
e
r
s
etu
p
.
2
.
1
.
T
he
m
ea
s
urem
ent
m
et
h
o
d
s
et
up
T
o
d
etec
t
th
e
p
H
io
n
s
ac
tiv
ity
,
th
e
s
en
s
in
g
lay
er
o
f
an
E
GF
E
T
will
b
e
d
ip
p
ed
in
s
id
e
th
e
p
H
b
u
f
f
er
,
alo
n
g
with
a
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
r
ef
er
en
ce
elec
tr
o
d
e
wh
ich
s
er
v
es
as
a
s
tab
le
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
p
o
in
t
to
th
e
g
ate
o
f
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
is
way
,
an
y
ch
an
g
es
in
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
’
s
g
ate
ar
e
o
n
ly
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
an
aly
te
o
n
th
e
s
en
s
in
g
lay
e
r
.
Fo
r
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
with
DAQ,
E
GFET
was
p
air
ed
with
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
in
g
cir
c
u
itry
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
to
th
e
NI
DAQ
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
f
in
al
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
wa
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
as
an
av
er
ag
e
o
f
v
o
ltag
es
o
v
er
tim
e
u
s
in
g
NI
DAQE
x
p
r
ess
s
o
f
twa
r
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
v
ia
a
USB
ca
b
le.
T
h
is
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
eth
o
d
r
eq
u
ir
es
p
air
in
g
th
e
s
en
s
in
g
lay
er
with
a
MO
SF
E
T
in
a
co
n
s
tan
t
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
s
tan
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
C
VC
C
)
cir
cu
itry
b
iasi
n
g
[
2
2
]
,
s
h
ar
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
as th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
elec
tr
o
d
e.
Me
an
wh
ile,
f
o
r
th
e
B
1
5
0
0
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
-
m
ea
s
u
r
e
u
n
it
(
SMU)
1
o
f
th
e
B
1
5
0
0
wa
s
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
elec
tr
o
d
e,
SMU
2
to
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
’
s
d
r
ain
ter
m
in
al,
an
d
SMU
3
to
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
ter
m
in
al
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
MO
SF
E
T
’
s
g
ate
ter
m
in
al
was
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
s
en
s
in
g
lay
e
r
wh
er
e
t
h
e
g
ate
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
g
)
was
s
we
pt
f
r
o
m
0
to
3
V,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
tr
an
s
f
er
cu
r
v
e
o
f
g
at
e
v
o
ltag
e
ag
ain
s
t
d
r
ain
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
I
d
)
at
a
co
n
s
tan
t
d
r
ain
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vd
)
o
f
1
0
0
m
V.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
at
t
h
e
is
o
th
er
m
al
p
o
in
t,
wh
er
e
th
e
d
r
ain
-
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
en
t (
I
d
s
)
r
em
ain
e
d
co
n
s
tan
t a
cr
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
last
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
eth
o
d
with
L
o
R
aWAN
was
also
p
air
ed
with
t
h
e
in
ter
f
ac
in
g
cir
cu
itry
,
b
u
t
th
is
tim
e,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
was
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
an
alo
g
-
to
-
d
ig
ital
co
n
v
er
ter
(
ADC)
in
p
u
t
p
in
o
f
th
e
T
T
GO
L
o
R
a3
2
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
m
o
d
u
le
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
u
l
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
a
b
u
ilt
-
in
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
L
o
R
a
m
o
d
u
latio
n
th
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
ea
d
in
g
s
ar
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
b
y
th
e
L
o
R
a
tr
an
s
m
itter
to
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
er
v
ia
th
e
L
o
R
aWAN
g
atew
ay
.
T
h
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
m
ea
s
u
r
es
an
alo
g
in
p
u
ts
at
a
lo
wer
s
am
p
lin
g
r
ate
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
DAQ
s
p
ec
if
ically
5
s
am
p
les
p
er
s
ec
o
n
d
d
u
e
to
co
d
e
lim
itatio
n
s
.
E
ac
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
P
o
ten
tio
metric field
-
effec
t tra
n
s
is
to
r
p
H
s
en
s
in
g
in
a
lo
w
-
p
o
w
er w
id
e
-
a
r
ea
…
(
A
kma
l Mu
s
ta
ffa
Zu
lh
a
kim
)
783
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
H
b
u
f
f
er
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
is
r
ep
ea
t
ed
3
tim
es,
with
a
30
-
s
ec
o
n
d
d
elay
b
etwe
en
ea
ch
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e
is
s
av
ed
in
a
co
m
m
a
-
s
ep
ar
ated
v
alu
e
(
C
SV)
f
ile
an
d
p
lo
tted
in
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
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iah
h
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m
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m
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k
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rre
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in
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h
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c
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n
b
e
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irah
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h
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h
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m
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lan
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ircu
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larly
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g
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re
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c
a
n
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c
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n
tac
ted
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m
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k
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n
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r
m
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r
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h
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teria
ls
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)
in
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p
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n
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n
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y
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T).
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u
k
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wa
s
with
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h
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rp
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k
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m
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te
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b
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n
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h
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ra
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teriz
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o
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d
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c
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r
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teria
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n
g
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y
f
o
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so
r
Ap
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c
a
ti
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s.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
h
a
n
a
1
6
1
7
@
u
i
tm.e
d
u
.
m
y
.
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