I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
4
,
p
p
.
7
9
1
~
79
9
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijaas
.
v
1
3
.
i
4
.
pp
791
-
79
9
791
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
a
a
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Ev
a
lua
ting
telem
edicine d
ia
betes
mellitus
:
a
mo
bile
health
ap
p
for
type
-
2
dia
bete
s
M
uh
a
m
m
a
d Z
a
k
wa
n Abdu
l
K
a
rim
1
,
No
r
a
s
hik
in M
.
T
ha
m
rin
1
,
Ruhi
za
n L
iza
Ahm
a
d
Sh
a
uri
1
,
Ro
zit
a
J
a
ila
ni
1
,
M
o
hd
H
a
idzir
Abd
M
a
na
f
2
,
Nuru
l A
m
ira
h M
us
t
a
pa
2
,
3
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
S
y
s
t
e
m
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
A
R
A
,
S
h
a
h
A
l
a
m,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
2
C
e
n
t
r
e
f
o
r
P
h
y
si
o
t
h
e
r
a
p
y
S
t
u
d
i
e
s,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
H
e
a
l
t
h
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
i
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
A
R
A
C
a
w
a
n
g
a
n
S
e
l
a
n
g
o
r
,
B
a
n
d
a
r
P
u
n
c
a
k
A
l
a
m,
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
3
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
P
h
y
si
c
a
l
R
e
h
a
b
i
l
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s,
K
u
l
l
i
y
y
a
h
o
f
A
l
l
i
e
d
H
e
a
l
t
h
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s,
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
sl
a
mi
c
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
,
K
u
a
n
t
a
n
,
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Feb
7
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
Ma
y
2
1
,
2
0
2
4
Acc
ep
ted
J
u
n
1
9
,
2
0
2
4
Tele
m
e
d
icin
e
d
iab
e
tes
m
e
ll
it
u
s
(Tele
-
DM)
m
o
b
i
le
h
e
a
lt
h
(m
He
a
lt
h
)
t
o
o
l
fu
n
c
ti
o
n
a
li
t
y
,
u
se
fu
l
n
e
ss
,
a
n
d
u
s
e
r
fe
e
d
b
a
c
k
we
re
e
x
a
m
in
e
d
i
n
t
h
is
stu
d
y
.
Da
ta
fro
m
n
in
e
d
isti
n
c
t
u
se
rs
o
f
ty
p
e
-
2
d
ia
b
e
tes
(T2
D)
p
a
ti
e
n
ts,
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
ls
(
HCPs
)
,
a
n
d
a
d
m
in
istrato
rs
wa
s
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
t
o
d
e
term
in
e
fu
n
c
ti
o
n
a
li
t
y
.
Da
ta
re
tri
e
v
a
l
ti
m
e
s
in
c
re
a
se
d
wit
h
d
a
tab
a
se
u
se
r
d
a
t
a
a
m
o
u
n
t
,
a
c
c
o
rd
in
g
t
o
t
h
e
stu
d
y
.
A
3
-
m
o
n
t
h
p
ro
g
ra
m
with
fiv
e
T2
D
p
a
ti
e
n
t
s
re
d
u
c
e
d
we
ig
h
t
(
0
.
9
8
k
g
)
a
n
d
He
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
A1
c
(
H
b
A1
c
)
(
0
.
3
4
%
).
Th
is
s
h
o
ws
t
h
a
t
Tele
-
DM
h
e
lp
s
m
a
n
a
g
e
d
ia
b
e
tes
,
b
u
t
m
o
re
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
n
ts
a
re
n
e
e
d
e
d
t
o
c
o
n
firm.
Nin
e
Tele
-
DM
c
u
sto
m
e
rs
we
re
s
a
ti
sfie
d
with
th
e
a
p
p
'
s
re
c
e
p
ti
o
n
,
a
c
c
o
rd
in
g
t
o
1
4
o
n
li
n
e
q
u
e
stio
n
n
a
ires
.
Ov
e
ra
ll
,
Tele
-
DM
sim
p
li
fies
d
iab
e
ti
c
se
lf
-
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
a
n
o
v
e
l
wa
y
.
Th
is
stu
d
y
sh
o
ws
it
s
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
t
o
tran
sfo
rm
d
iab
e
tes
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
a
d
d
re
ss
m
a
jo
r
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
issu
e
s
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
m
Hea
lth
Mo
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
Mo
b
ile
h
ea
lth
Self
-
m
an
ag
em
en
t
T
y
p
e
-
2
d
iab
etes
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
No
r
ash
ik
in
M.
T
h
a
m
r
in
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
Sy
s
tem
E
n
g
in
e
er
in
g
,
Sch
o
o
l o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
Un
iv
er
s
iti T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i M
AR
A
4
0
4
5
0
Sh
ah
Alam
,
Selan
g
o
r
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
E
m
ail: n
o
r
ash
ik
in
@
u
itm
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Diab
etes
ca
r
e
h
as
ch
an
g
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
u
e
t
o
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
a
n
d
ex
er
cise
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Patien
t
o
u
tco
m
es
h
av
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
with
cu
r
r
e
n
t
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
s
h
o
win
g
a
s
h
if
t
t
o
war
d
s
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
c
u
s
to
m
i
z
ed
tr
ea
tm
en
t
[
1
]
.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
m
a
k
es
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
ea
s
ier
,
d
iab
ete
s
tr
ea
tm
en
t
is
ex
p
en
s
i
v
e.
Diab
etes
tr
ea
tm
en
t
in
Ma
lay
s
ia
co
s
ts
R
M4
2
K
(
USD
9
.
9
K)
p
er
y
ea
r
,
b
u
r
d
en
i
n
g
p
a
tien
ts
an
d
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
[
2
]
.
Mo
b
ile
h
ea
lth
(
m
Hea
lth
)
ap
p
s
ca
n
h
el
p
p
atie
n
ts
m
an
ag
e
th
eir
co
n
d
itio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
iet
an
d
ex
e
r
cise
[
3
]
–
[
5
]
.
Dig
ital
p
latf
o
r
m
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
iab
etic
p
atien
ts
'
h
ea
lth
an
d
en
ab
le
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
(
HC
Ps
)
to
ad
v
an
c
ed
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
th
er
ap
y
[
6
]
.
Desp
ite
its
p
o
t
en
tial,
m
Hea
lth
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
s
tr
u
g
g
le.
User
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
d
ata
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
d
ig
it
al
to
o
l
in
teg
r
atio
n
a
r
e
p
r
io
r
ities
.
T
h
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
h
ea
lth
ef
f
e
cts
o
f
m
Hea
lth
ap
p
s
ac
r
o
s
s
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ics
ar
e
u
n
k
n
o
wn
.
E
lev
e
n
m
Hea
lth
ap
p
s
u
s
e
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
ted
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
it
y
,
s
tu
d
ies
s
u
g
g
est.
T
h
ese
ap
p
s
r
ar
ely
e
m
p
lo
y
o
b
jectiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es
lik
e
p
ed
o
m
eter
s
[
7
]
–
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
L
ac
k
o
f
ac
cu
r
ate
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
h
in
d
er
s
d
i
ab
etes
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t.
Mo
b
ile
a
p
p
d
ata
b
ase
s
ize
an
d
h
y
p
e
r
tex
t
tr
an
s
f
er
p
r
o
to
co
l
(
HT
T
P)
ap
p
licatio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
in
te
r
f
ac
e
(
API
)
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e
ar
e
r
ar
ely
s
tu
d
ied
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
b
lem
c
o
u
ld
s
ev
er
ely
im
p
ac
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
v
alu
ate
s
th
e
telem
ed
icin
e
d
iab
etes
m
ellitu
s
(
T
ele
-
DM
)
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
'
s
o
p
er
atio
n
,
e
f
f
icac
y
,
an
d
u
s
er
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
4
:
791
-
79
9
792
d
is
cr
ep
an
cies.
Data
b
ase
s
ize
a
n
d
API
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e
a
r
e
its
m
ain
m
etr
ics.
T
h
e
ap
p
'
s
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
t
y
p
e
-
2
d
ia
b
etes
(
T
2
D)
p
atien
ts
'
weig
h
t
an
d
He
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
A1
c
(
Hb
A1
c
)
will
b
e
ass
ess
ed
[
1
9
]
.
User
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
will
b
e
ex
a
m
in
ed
to
m
ak
e
th
e
a
p
p
ea
s
ier
to
u
s
e,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
T
2
D
-
a
f
f
licted
eld
er
s
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
r
ee
ar
ea
s
ar
e
s
tu
d
ied
to
s
h
o
w
h
o
w
m
Hea
lth
ap
p
s
ca
n
s
av
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
c
o
s
ts
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
iab
etes
r
esu
lts
.
Dis
co
v
er
in
g
m
Hea
lth
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
r
estrictio
n
s
an
d
a
d
o
p
tio
n
c
h
al
len
g
es
will
h
elp
o
f
f
e
r
n
ew
w
ay
s
to
in
c
r
ea
s
e
u
s
er
p
ar
ticip
a
tio
n
an
d
s
m
o
o
th
ly
in
teg
r
ate
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
i
n
to
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
Sh
o
w
th
at
m
Hea
lth
r
ed
u
ce
s
d
iab
etes'
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
h
ea
lth
co
s
ts
,
h
elp
in
g
t
o
d
ig
ital
ch
r
o
n
ic
d
is
ea
s
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
m
H
ea
l
t
h
a
pp
lica
t
io
n
s
b
enchm
a
rk
a
na
l
y
s
is
E
lev
en
m
Hea
lth
to
o
ls
wer
e
a
s
s
es
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
eir
p
o
ten
tial
im
p
ac
t
o
n
d
iab
etes
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
am
in
ed
ea
ch
ap
p
licatio
n
'
s
p
r
o
s
an
d
co
n
s
.
T
ele
-
DM
was
t
h
e
ty
p
ical
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
ap
p
f
o
r
th
is
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
T
ele
-
DM
an
d
elev
en
m
Hea
lth
s
y
s
tem
s
wer
e
te
s
ted
f
o
r
u
s
ab
ilit
y
[
2
2
]
.
W
e
ex
am
in
ed
ea
ch
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
'
s
p
r
o
s
an
d
co
n
s
to
ass
es
s
it
s
ef
f
icac
y
,
u
s
er
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
an
d
d
iab
etes
co
n
tr
o
l
p
o
te
n
tial.
T
h
is
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
ex
am
in
ed
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
(
UI
)
d
esig
n
,
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
ev
id
en
ce
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
s
,
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
i
z
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ex
am
i
n
es
h
o
w
well
th
ese
to
o
ls
m
o
tiv
ate
u
s
er
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
d
iab
etics,
a
n
d
h
elp
HC
Ps
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
er
s
o
n
ali
z
e
d
ca
r
e.
T
h
is
d
etailed
s
tu
d
y
d
is
p
lay
s
ea
ch
m
Hea
lth
to
o
l'
s
f
ea
tu
r
es.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
ass
ess
i
n
g
h
o
w
well
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
c
o
n
tr
o
l
d
iab
etes,
ex
p
an
d
,
an
d
in
teg
r
ate
in
to
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
a
n
aly
s
is
ass
es
s
es
ea
ch
to
o
l'
s
T
ele
-
DM
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
g
ap
s
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
m
Hea
lth
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
'
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
in
f
lu
en
ce
.
A
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
r
e
v
iew
ex
p
an
d
s
d
iab
etes
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
m
Hea
l
th
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
to
o
ls
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
T
e
le
-
DM
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
eir
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
co
n
s
.
T
o
g
u
id
e
d
ig
ital
h
ea
lth
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
f
o
r
p
atien
ts
an
d
HC
P
s
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
io
r
iti
z
es
u
s
e
r
d
em
an
d
s
,
clin
ical
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
,
a
n
d
ea
s
e
o
f
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
to
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
2
.
2
.
T
elem
edicine
dia
bet
es
m
ell
it
us
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
T
ele
-
DM
's
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
Patien
ts
an
d
HC
P
s
ca
n
lo
g
in
s
ep
ar
ately
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
)
.
D
u
al
-
en
tr
y
m
ee
ts
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
'
s
d
ata
ac
ce
s
s
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
atien
t
in
te
r
f
ac
e'
s
r
eh
ab
ilit
atio
n
m
o
d
u
le
ass
ess
es
an
d
p
r
escr
ib
es
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
)
.
Diab
etics
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
ae
r
o
b
ic
an
d
r
esis
tan
ce
tr
ain
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
HC
P
h
o
m
ep
a
g
e'
s
p
atien
t
li
s
t,
wh
ich
lets
v
is
ito
r
s
r
ap
id
ly
o
b
tain
p
atien
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
y
cl
ick
in
g
o
n
th
e
p
atien
t'
s
n
am
e.
T
h
ese
in
ter
f
ac
es
s
h
o
w
h
o
w
th
is
s
tu
d
y
will
co
m
p
ar
e
h
ea
lth
ap
p
s
to
T
ele
-
DM
.
ag
ai
n
s
t
id
en
tify
in
g
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
wea
k
n
ess
es,
th
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
T
ele
-
DM
ap
p
'
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
,
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
d
esig
n
a
g
ain
s
t
o
th
er
d
iab
etes
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
m
Hea
lt
h
ap
p
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
p
lo
r
es
T
ele
-
DM
'
s
d
ig
ital
h
ea
lth
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
r
o
le.
T
ele
-
DM
'
s
u
s
er
-
ce
n
tr
ic
d
esig
n
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
,
an
d
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
will
s
h
in
e.
T
h
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
will
s
h
o
w
h
o
w
T
ele
-
DM
an
d
r
elate
d
a
p
p
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
p
atien
t
ca
r
e
an
d
HC
P h
el
p
,
lead
i
n
g
to
m
Hea
lth
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
UI
d
esig
n
o
f
T
ele
-
D
M
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
(
a)
l
o
g
in
p
a
g
e,
(
b
)
r
e
h
ab
ilit
atio
n
p
ag
e,
an
d
(
c)
h
o
m
e
p
ag
e
f
o
r
HC
P sy
s
tem
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
E
va
lu
a
tin
g
teleme
d
icin
e
d
ia
b
e
tes me
llit
u
s
:
a
mo
b
ile
h
ea
lth
a
p
p
fo
r
… (
Mu
h
a
mma
d
Za
kwa
n
A
b
d
u
l Ka
r
im
)
793
2
.
3
.
F
un
ct
io
na
lity
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
'
s
o
p
er
atio
n
is
v
ital
to
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
.
W
e
en
s
u
r
e
ap
p
n
a
v
ig
atio
n
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
to
b
o
o
s
t
u
s
er
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t
[
2
3
]
.
Du
e
to
its
r
o
b
u
s
t
b
ac
k
en
d
d
a
tab
ase,
T
ele
-
DM
r
eq
u
ir
es
an
in
ter
n
et
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
n
An
d
r
o
id
h
an
d
s
ets
to
ac
ce
s
s
u
s
er
d
ata.
W
h
en
an
A
n
d
r
o
id
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
o
p
en
s
T
ele
-
D
M,
it
s
en
d
s
an
API
r
eq
u
est
to
r
etr
iev
e
u
s
er
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
ata
b
ase.
T
o
d
o
th
is
,
t
h
e
u
s
er
m
u
s
t
click
o
n
th
e
T
ele
-
DM
ico
n
o
n
th
eir
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
to
la
u
n
ch
th
e
a
p
p
.
T
h
e
s
tar
tu
p
s
cr
ee
n
,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
API
ca
ll
to
r
etr
iev
e
u
s
er
d
ata
i
s
m
a
d
e.
Af
ter
war
d
s
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
witch
es
to
th
e
m
ain
p
ag
e
a
f
ter
r
etr
iev
in
g
d
ata.
T
h
e
h
o
m
e
p
ag
e
s
h
o
ws
th
e
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
'
s
m
ill
is
ec
o
n
d
len
g
th
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
a
p
p
'
s
ef
f
icien
cy
.
As
T
ele
-
DM
u
s
er
s
ad
d
r
eh
ab
ilit
ativ
e
ex
er
cises
to
th
e
d
atab
ase
o
r
s
ch
ed
u
le,
u
s
er
d
ata
g
r
o
ws.
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
ata
n
ec
ess
itated
a
ca
r
ef
u
l
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
'
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
to
id
en
tify
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
tar
tin
g
r
ea
ctio
n
tim
e.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
e
x
am
in
ed
if
d
atab
ase
u
s
er
d
ata
af
f
ec
ts
ap
p
s
tar
tu
p
tim
e.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
d
ata
f
r
o
m
f
iv
e
T
2
D
p
atien
ts
,
two
HC
Ps
,
an
d
two
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
.
T
h
is
d
iv
er
s
e
g
r
o
u
p
was
ch
o
s
en
t
o
co
v
e
r
all
u
s
e
ca
s
es
an
d
d
ata
v
o
lu
m
es.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
th
e
ap
p
'
s
r
ea
ctio
n
tim
e
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
iv
e
tim
es
f
o
r
ea
c
h
u
s
er
to
estab
lis
h
an
av
er
ag
e.
U
n
if
i
5
GHz
,
a
f
ast
-
ce
llu
lar
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
elim
in
ated
ex
ter
n
al
v
ar
iab
les
o
n
r
ea
ctio
n
tim
e
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
is
d
etailed
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
an
aly
s
is
em
p
h
asi
z
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
a
p
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
to
u
s
er
h
ap
p
in
ess
an
d
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
h
u
r
d
les
o
f
m
an
ag
in
g
an
d
r
etr
iev
in
g
d
ata
in
m
Hea
lth
ap
p
s
.
Data
b
ase
s
ize
an
d
ap
p
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
ar
e
s
tu
d
ied
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
T
ele
-
DM
.
T
h
is
will h
elp
th
e
a
p
p
co
n
t
r
o
l d
iab
etes sm
o
o
t
h
ly
a
n
d
en
g
ag
in
g
l
y
.
2
.
4
.
E
f
f
ec
t
i
v
eness
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
'
s
a
b
ilit
y
to
s
u
p
p
lem
en
t
T
2
D
clin
ical
th
er
ap
y
was
wid
el
y
s
tu
d
ied
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
h
o
w
T
ele
-
DM
,
a
m
Hea
lth
d
ev
ice,
b
en
ef
ited
T
2
D
p
atien
ts
'
s
elf
-
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
elied
o
n
a
well
-
o
r
g
an
ize
d
3
-
m
o
n
th
T
2
D
th
er
ap
y
s
tr
ateg
y
.
T
h
e
T
e
le
-
DM
ap
p
was
p
r
o
m
o
ted
f
o
r
ev
er
y
d
ay
d
iab
etes
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
clo
s
ely
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
b
y
a
T
ele
-
DM
d
iab
etes
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
p
ec
ialis
t
d
u
r
in
g
r
eh
ab
ilit
atio
n
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
tau
g
h
t
p
atien
ts
h
o
w
to
m
an
ag
e
th
eir
d
iab
etes
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
ar
ti
cip
ato
r
y
ac
tiv
ities
,
n
o
t
ju
s
t
ap
p
u
s
e.
R
eg
u
lar
d
ata
co
llectio
n
was
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
'
s
im
p
ac
t.
T
h
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
'
b
aselin
e
h
ea
lth
was
ev
alu
ated
o
n
d
ay
1
.
Pro
g
r
ess
was
co
m
p
ar
ed
ag
ain
s
t
in
itial
d
ata.
Af
ter
th
r
ee
m
o
n
th
s
,
weig
h
t
an
d
Hb
A1
c
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
n
d
ay
9
0
.
T
h
ese
in
d
icato
r
s
s
h
o
w
h
o
w
d
iab
etes
ca
r
e
im
p
r
o
v
es
p
ar
t
icip
an
ts
'
h
ea
lth
an
d
d
is
ea
s
e
co
n
tr
o
l,
in
d
icatin
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
will
ass
es
s
T
ele
-
DM
's
s
elf
-
m
an
ag
em
en
t
b
en
e
f
its
u
s
in
g
th
ese
h
ea
lth
m
ar
k
er
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
u
ld
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
T
ele
-
DM
'
s
ad
v
an
tag
es
to
T
2
D
p
atien
ts
an
d
its
ab
ilit
y
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
d
iab
etes self
-
ca
r
e.
2
.
5
.
E
f
f
ec
t
i
v
eness
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
'
s
a
b
ilit
y
to
s
u
p
p
lem
en
t
T
2
D
clin
ical
th
er
ap
y
was
wid
el
y
s
tu
d
ied
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
h
o
w
T
ele
-
DM
,
a
m
Hea
lth
d
ev
ice,
b
en
ef
ited
T
2
D
p
atien
ts
'
s
elf
-
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
elied
o
n
a
well
-
o
r
g
an
ize
d
3
-
m
o
n
th
T
2
D
th
er
ap
y
s
tr
ateg
y
.
T
h
e
T
e
le
-
DM
ap
p
was
p
r
o
m
o
ted
f
o
r
ev
er
y
d
ay
d
iab
etes
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
clo
s
ely
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
b
y
a
T
ele
-
DM
d
iab
etes
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
p
ec
ialis
t
d
u
r
in
g
r
eh
ab
ilit
atio
n
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
tau
g
h
t
p
atien
ts
h
o
w
to
m
a
n
ag
e
th
eir
d
iab
etes
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
ar
ti
cip
ato
r
y
ac
tiv
ities
,
n
o
t
ju
s
t
ap
p
u
s
e.
R
eg
u
lar
d
ata
co
llectio
n
was
u
s
ed
to
a
s
s
e
s
s
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
'
s
im
p
ac
t
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
'
b
aselin
e
h
ea
lth
was
ev
alu
ated
o
n
d
ay
1
.
Pro
g
r
ess
was
co
m
p
ar
ed
ag
ai
n
s
t
in
itial
d
ata.
Af
ter
th
r
ee
m
o
n
th
s
,
weig
h
t
an
d
Hb
A1
c
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
n
d
a
y
9
0
.
T
h
ese
in
d
icato
r
s
s
h
o
w
h
o
w
d
iab
et
es
ca
r
e
im
p
r
o
v
es
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
'
h
ea
lth
an
d
d
is
ea
s
e
co
n
tr
o
l,
in
d
icatin
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
w
ill
ass
es
s
T
ele
-
DM
's
s
elf
-
m
an
ag
em
en
t
b
en
ef
its
u
s
i
n
g
th
ese
h
ea
lth
m
ar
k
er
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
u
ld
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
T
e
le
-
DM
's
ad
v
an
tag
es
to
T
2
D
p
atien
ts
an
d
its
ab
ilit
y
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
d
iab
etes self
-
ca
r
e
.
2
.
6
.
Users’
f
ee
db
a
ck
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
o
n
lin
e
ap
p
licatio
n
ev
alu
a
tio
n
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wer
e
cr
ea
t
ed
u
s
in
g
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
s
.
User
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
im
p
r
o
v
es
ap
p
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
an
d
d
ata
tr
u
s
t
[
2
5
]
.
HC
P
an
d
p
atien
t
ev
alu
atio
n
f
o
r
m
s
ex
is
t.
Patien
ts
u
tili
z
ed
th
e
p
atien
t
s
y
s
tem
a
s
s
ess
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
to
s
co
r
e
an
d
r
em
ar
k
o
n
th
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
en
co
u
r
a
g
ed
to
test
T
ele
-
DM
'
s
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
an
d
s
u
b
m
it
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
in
b
o
th
way
s
.
T
h
e
e
v
alu
at
io
n
u
s
es
co
n
s
u
m
er
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
Feed
b
ac
k
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
t
o
r
ea
ch
m
o
r
e
p
eo
p
le.
Patien
t
s
y
s
tem
ev
al
u
atio
n
Go
o
g
le
f
o
r
m
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ar
e
f
l
o
wch
ar
ted
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
Fo
u
r
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
ev
alu
atio
n
f
o
r
m
ass
ess
th
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
'
s
im
p
ac
t.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
co
v
e
r
s
ap
p
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
d
is
cu
s
s
ap
p
f
ea
t
u
r
es,
n
av
ig
ati
o
n
,
a
n
d
d
if
f
ic
u
lties
,
r
ev
ea
l
in
g
its
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
an
d
p
r
ac
ticality
.
Sectio
n
2
as
s
ess
e
s
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
ap
p
's
UI
,
f
o
n
t
s
ty
le
an
d
s
ize,
an
d
E
n
g
lis
h
an
d
B
ah
asa
r
ea
d
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ir
d
,
ap
p
licatio
n
r
eh
ab
.
T
o
ass
ess
h
ea
lth
b
en
ef
its
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
ev
alu
ate
r
eh
ab
ilit
atio
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ex
am
s
an
d
ac
tiv
it
ies.
“
W
o
r
k
o
u
t
m
o
d
e”
an
d
“sear
ch
an
d
u
p
l
o
ad
”
r
eq
u
est
v
itals
.
Fin
ally
,
T
ele
-
DM
r
ef
er
r
als
a
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
b
y
n
et
p
r
o
m
o
ter
s
co
r
e
(
NPS
)
.
I
t
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
ap
p
'
s
wo
r
d
-
of
-
m
o
u
th
an
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
p
o
ten
tial.
T
h
e
p
atie
n
t
s
y
s
tem
ev
alu
atio
n
f
o
r
m
h
as
1
4
well
-
w
r
itten
q
u
esti
o
n
s
in
f
o
u
r
k
ey
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
'
s
im
p
ac
t
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
to
d
iab
et
ic
s
elf
-
m
an
ag
em
en
t
ca
n
b
e
ass
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
th
is
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Or
g
an
i
z
ed
f
lo
wch
ar
ts
ass
ess
i
n
g
HC
P
s
y
s
tem
s
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
in
q
u
ir
y
s
etu
p
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Q1
,
Q2
,
Q3
,
Q4
,
an
d
Q5
o
f
th
is
b
r
ief
f
o
r
m
an
aly
z
e
th
e
p
atien
t
lis
t
tab
u
s
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
4
:
791
-
79
9
794
in
ter
f
ac
e,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
ch
ar
ts
,
u
s
er
d
ata
s
ettin
g
s
,
a
n
d
HC
P
s
y
s
tem
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e.
T
h
is
s
im
p
lifie
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
llects HC
P a
n
d
p
u
b
lic
ap
p
u
s
ab
ilit
y
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
co
m
m
en
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Flo
wch
ar
ts
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
s
in
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
s
f
o
r
p
atie
n
t sy
s
tem
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Flo
wch
ar
ts
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
s
in
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
s
f
o
r
th
e
H
C
P sy
s
tem
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n o
f
T
ele
-
D
M
wit
h
p
re
v
io
us
m
o
bil
e
h
ea
l
t
h
T
ab
le
1
co
m
p
ar
es
T
ele
-
DM
t
o
o
th
e
r
d
ia
b
etes
m
Hea
lth
ap
p
s
an
d
s
h
o
ws
its
b
en
ef
its
.
C
r
itiq
u
e
o
f
th
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
T
ele
-
D
M'
s
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
T
2
D
p
atien
ts
,
HC
Ps
,
an
d
a
d
m
i
n
is
tr
ato
r
s
.
T
ele
-
DM
tr
ac
k
s
ae
r
o
b
ic
an
d
r
esis
tan
ce
ex
er
cise,
u
n
lik
e
m
o
s
t
m
Hea
lth
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
u
s
e
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
ted
d
ata.
E
n
h
an
ce
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
tr
ac
k
in
g
a
n
d
tailo
r
ed
tr
ain
in
g
ad
h
er
en
ce
m
ay
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
atien
t
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
ele
-
DM
h
as
p
atien
t,
HC
P,
an
d
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
W
ith
th
is
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
,
p
atien
ts
m
a
y
u
p
d
ate
HC
Ps
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
ca
n
m
an
ag
e
ca
r
e.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
p
r
io
r
m
Hea
lth
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
p
atien
ts
an
d
o
v
er
lo
o
k
ed
HC
P
-
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
in
tr
ea
tm
en
t
an
d
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
.
T
ele
-
DM
co
n
n
ec
ts
to
wea
r
ab
le
d
ev
ices
to
tr
ac
k
s
tep
s
,
ca
lo
r
ies,
an
d
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
b
etter
th
an
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
p
ed
o
m
eter
s
.
B
y
d
ir
ec
tly
c
o
n
n
ec
tin
g
wea
r
a
b
le
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
h
ea
lth
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
an
d
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
ca
n
o
b
tai
n
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
o
b
jectiv
e
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
d
ata.
Alth
o
u
g
h
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
u
s
,
T
ele
-
DM
's
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
.
I
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
wea
r
ab
le
v
ital
s
ig
n
s
m
o
n
ito
r
s
m
ay
s
t
r
u
g
g
le
with
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
,
co
s
t,
an
d
co
m
f
o
r
t.
Patien
ts
with
o
u
t p
r
o
p
e
r
wea
r
a
b
le
g
ea
r
m
a
y
n
o
t
b
e
n
ef
it
f
r
o
m
th
e
ap
p
.
Patien
t
o
u
tco
m
es
im
p
r
o
v
e
with
u
s
er
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
T
ele
-
DM
task
s
an
d
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
co
m
p
lian
ce
.
W
o
r
k
an
d
im
a
g
in
atio
n
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
h
ig
h
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t.
I
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
p
atien
t,
HC
P,
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
y
s
tem
s
im
p
r
o
v
es c
o
o
r
d
in
ated
th
er
ap
y
b
u
t r
e
q
u
ir
es r
o
b
u
s
t d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
to
p
r
o
t
ec
t sen
s
itiv
e
h
ea
lth
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Fo
r
u
s
er
tr
u
s
t,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
r
u
les
a
n
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
u
p
h
eld
.
Fin
ally
,
t
h
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
ws
th
at
T
ele
-
DM
's
u
n
iq
u
e
m
Hea
lth
d
iab
etes
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
im
p
r
o
v
es
p
a
tien
t
ca
r
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
er
s
o
n
ali
z
ed
ac
tiv
ities
,
in
teg
r
ated
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
wea
r
ab
le
d
ev
ice
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
b
en
ef
icial,
th
e
ap
p
'
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
h
in
g
es
o
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
ce
s
s
i
b
ilit
y
,
u
s
er
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
an
d
d
ata
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
T
h
ese
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
f
u
tu
r
e
T
ele
-
DM
an
d
m
Hea
lth
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
iab
etes c
o
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
p
atien
t h
ea
lth
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
E
va
lu
a
tin
g
teleme
d
icin
e
d
ia
b
e
tes me
llit
u
s
:
a
mo
b
ile
h
ea
lth
a
p
p
fo
r
… (
Mu
h
a
mma
d
Za
kwa
n
A
b
d
u
l Ka
r
im
)
795
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ele
-
DM
v
er
s
u
s
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
Hea
lth
N
o
.
N
a
me
o
f
mH
e
a
l
t
h
P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
sy
s
t
e
ms
V
i
t
a
l
s
i
g
n
s m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
O
t
h
e
r
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
1
Te
l
e
-
DM
A
e
r
o
b
i
c
(
2
2
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
)
a
n
d
r
e
s
i
st
a
n
c
e
(
2
7
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
)
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
,
H
C
P
,
a
n
d
a
d
m
i
n
i
st
r
a
t
o
r
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
st
e
p
s
,
c
a
l
o
r
i
e
s
b
u
r
n
e
d
,
a
n
d
h
e
a
r
t
r
a
t
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
u
si
n
g
a
w
e
a
r
a
b
l
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
S
R
w
e
i
g
h
t
a
n
d
b
l
o
o
d
g
l
u
c
o
s
e
,
a
n
d
d
a
i
l
y
t
a
s
k
s c
a
l
e
n
d
a
r
2
Ti
me
2
F
o
c
u
s
SR
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
N
o
n
e
G
l
u
c
o
s
e
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
,
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
v
i
d
e
o
o
n
e
a
t
i
n
g
h
e
a
l
t
h
y
3
D
i
a
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
R
,
w
a
l
k
i
n
g
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
st
e
p
s
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
h
o
n
e
’
s
p
e
d
o
me
t
e
r
S
R
f
o
o
d
i
n
t
a
k
e
4
H
e
a
l
t
h
2
S
y
n
c
SR
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
N
o
n
e
SR
's
d
i
e
t
a
n
d
m
e
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
5
G
l
y
c
o
L
e
a
p
S
R
,
w
a
l
k
i
n
g
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
st
e
p
s
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
h
o
n
e
’
s
p
e
d
o
me
t
e
r
O
n
l
i
n
e
h
e
a
l
t
h
l
e
ss
o
n
s
,
B
l
o
o
d
g
l
u
c
o
se
,
a
n
d
w
e
i
g
h
t
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
6
D
’
LI
TE
S
R
,
w
a
l
k
i
n
g
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
st
e
p
s
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
h
o
n
e
’
s
p
e
d
o
me
t
e
r
B
l
o
o
d
g
l
u
c
o
s
e
a
n
d
w
e
i
g
h
t
mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
c
h
a
t
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
7
D
S
M
ES
SR
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
N
o
n
e
M
e
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
m
i
n
d
e
r
s
8
Tr
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
SR
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
N
o
n
e
S
e
t
s
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
g
o
a
l
s
f
o
r
b
l
o
o
d
g
l
u
c
o
se
a
n
d
w
e
i
g
h
t
9
LI
B
I
T
SR
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
N
o
n
e
B
l
o
o
d
g
l
u
c
o
s
e
a
n
d
w
e
i
g
h
t
mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
10
B
l
u
e
S
t
a
r
SR
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
N
o
n
e
M
e
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
m
i
n
d
e
r
s,
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
,
a
n
d
d
i
e
t
v
i
d
e
o
s
11
i
C
a
r
e
D
SR
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
N
o
n
e
H
e
a
l
t
h
y
d
i
e
t
v
i
d
e
o
s
12
mD
i
a
b
B
r
i
s
k
w
a
l
k
i
n
g
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
N
o
n
e
W
e
i
g
h
t
t
r
a
c
k
e
r
3.
2
.
F
un
ct
io
na
lity
a
na
ly
s
is
T
ab
le
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
at
u
s
er
d
a
ta
am
o
u
n
t
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
th
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
a
p
p
's
m
ea
n
r
ea
cti
o
n
tim
e.
A
co
r
r
elatio
n
was
f
o
u
n
d
in
n
in
e
u
s
er
s
'
1
.
5
0
to
1
0
6
KB
d
ata.
A
p
p
r
ea
ctio
n
tim
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
with
d
ata.
T
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e
is
1
,
3
3
2
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
m
allest
d
ata
an
d
2
,
9
2
5
f
o
r
th
e
lar
g
est.
I
t
ap
p
ea
r
s
th
at
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
d
ata
im
p
ac
ts
ap
p
lic
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
s
ca
tte
r
g
r
ap
h
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
d
ata
s
ize
an
d
r
ea
ctio
n
tim
e.
T
h
e
x
an
d
y
-
ax
es
s
h
o
w
d
ata
s
ize
an
d
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
tim
e.
A
p
o
s
itiv
e
tr
en
d
lin
e
s
h
o
ws
d
ata
s
ize
an
d
r
ea
ctio
n
tim
e
ar
e
p
o
s
itiv
ely
co
n
n
ec
te
d
.
User
d
ata
v
o
lu
m
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
T
ele
-
DM
p
r
o
g
r
am
o
p
en
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tim
e,
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
tr
en
d
lin
e.
T
h
is
h
as
im
p
o
r
tan
t
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
-
f
o
c
u
s
ed
ap
p
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
a
n
d
s
y
s
tem
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
.
T
h
is
s
ite
g
iv
es
cr
u
ci
al
ap
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
ata
an
d
ex
p
o
s
es
u
n
d
e
r
ly
in
g
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
an
d
c
h
allen
g
es.
A
p
p
licatio
n
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
is
lim
ited
.
As
u
s
er
s
an
d
d
ata
p
er
u
s
er
r
is
e
o
win
g
to
m
o
r
e
d
etailed
tr
a
ck
in
g
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
,
h
ea
lth
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
al
en
tr
ies,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ay
d
ec
r
ea
s
e,
r
e
s
u
ltin
g
in
l
o
n
g
er
wait
tim
es
th
at
an
n
o
y
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
u
s
er
in
ter
est.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
v
er
lo
o
k
s
n
etwo
r
k
s
p
ee
d
v
ar
i
atio
n
s
an
d
d
ev
ice
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
c
ap
ab
ilit
ies,
wh
ich
ca
n
g
r
ea
tly
alter
r
ea
ctio
n
tim
es
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
d
ata
q
u
an
tity
.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
cr
iter
ia
co
u
ld
im
p
r
o
v
e
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
f
u
ller
v
iew
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
'
s
ef
f
icac
y
u
n
d
er
d
iv
er
s
e
u
s
ag
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
q
u
a
n
tifie
s
h
o
w
d
ata
s
i
ze
im
p
air
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
s
tr
ess
es
th
e
n
ee
d
to
en
h
a
n
ce
ap
p
licatio
n
d
ata
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
s
to
r
a
g
e.
C
o
m
p
r
ess
in
g
d
ata,
s
elec
tiv
ely
lo
ad
in
g
d
ata,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
er
v
e
r
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ti
m
es
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e.
I
t
k
ee
p
s
th
e
ap
p
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
as
it
g
r
o
ws.
Ov
e
r
all,
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
d
ata
am
o
u
n
t
af
f
ec
ts
ap
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
t
em
p
h
asi
z
es
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
to
h
an
d
le
m
o
r
e
d
at
a
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
i
n
g
a
g
o
o
d
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
Ma
in
tain
in
g
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
T
ele
-
DM
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
ad
d
r
ess
i
n
g
th
e
r
estrictio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
2
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
av
er
a
g
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
tim
e
f
o
r
ea
c
h
u
s
er
#
D
a
t
a
si
z
e
,
k
i
l
o
b
y
t
e
s (
K
B
)
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
r
e
sp
o
n
se
t
i
me,
mi
l
l
i
se
c
o
n
d
s (
ms)
1
1
.
5
0
1
,
3
3
2
2
5
.
2
1
1
,
3
5
2
3
6
.
5
1
1
,
4
1
1
4
2
2
.
8
1
,
8
9
7
5
2
3
.
2
1
,
9
1
2
6
2
4
.
8
1
,
9
3
6
7
5
7
.
3
2
,
3
8
7
8
7
4
.
5
2
,
7
1
7
9
1
0
6
2
,
9
2
5
3.
3
.
E
f
f
ec
t
i
v
eness
a
na
ly
s
is
Ov
er
9
0
d
ay
s
,
th
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
r
ed
u
ce
d
weig
h
t
an
d
Hb
A
1
c
lev
els
in
T
2
D
p
atien
ts
.
I
n
T
ab
le
3
,
th
e
d
ata
s
h
o
ws
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
weig
h
t
lo
s
s
o
f
0
.
9
8
k
g
f
r
o
m
6
7
.
5
to
6
6
.
5
2
k
g
(
P<.
0
0
1
)
with
in
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
4
:
791
-
79
9
796
s
p
ec
if
ied
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
in
ter
v
al
(
C
I
)
.
On
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al,
wh
o
ex
er
cised
m
o
r
e,
lo
s
t
3
.
4
k
g
,
o
r
4
.
4
4
%
o
f
t
h
eir
b
aselin
e
b
o
d
y
weig
h
t.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
ap
p
p
r
o
m
o
tes
p
h
y
s
ical
ex
er
cise
an
d
weig
h
t
lo
s
s
.
Als
o
,
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
Hb
A1
c
im
p
r
o
v
ed
.
T
h
e
a
v
e
r
ag
e
Hb
A1
c
d
r
o
p
was
0
.
3
4
%
(
5
.
3
1
%),
f
r
o
m
7
.
7
2
to
7
.
3
8
%
(
P
<.
0
0
1
)
.
T
o
p
weig
h
t
lo
s
er
'
s
Hb
A1
c
d
r
o
p
p
ed
0
.
8
%.
T
h
e
T
ele
-
DM
ap
p
'
s
weig
h
t
an
d
Hb
A
1
c
ef
f
ec
ts
s
u
g
g
est
d
iab
etes
s
elf
-
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
is
in
tr
ig
u
in
g
s
tu
d
y
h
as
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
.
First,
th
e
f
iv
e
-
p
er
s
o
n
s
am
p
le
r
estr
icts
g
en
er
ali
z
atio
n
.
L
ar
g
er
c
o
h
o
r
t
d
ata
wo
u
ld
h
el
p
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ap
p
'
s
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
r
elev
an
ce
.
User
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
m
ay
a
f
f
ec
t
r
esu
lts
,
as
m
o
r
e
ex
e
r
ciser
s
s
aw
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
g
ain
s
.
Var
ia
b
le
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
u
s
er
p
ar
t
icip
atio
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
C
u
s
to
m
er
s
n
ee
d
in
d
i
v
id
u
ali
z
e
d
ex
er
cise
r
o
u
tin
es
an
d
th
e
r
a
p
ies
to
m
ax
im
i
z
e
T
ele
-
DM
a
p
p
u
s
e
f
o
r
weig
h
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
Hb
A1
c
lo
wer
in
g
,
a
n
d
ap
p
u
tili
z
atio
n
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
am
in
e
t
h
ese
h
ea
lth
o
u
tco
m
es'
lo
ng
-
ter
m
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
to
ev
alu
ate
T
ele
-
DM
'
s
d
iab
etes
tr
ea
tm
en
t
ef
f
icac
y
b
e
y
o
n
d
9
0
d
ay
s
.
I
n
itial
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
e
T
ele
-
DM
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
ap
p
h
elp
s
T
2
D
p
atien
ts
lo
s
e
weig
h
t
an
d
lo
wer
Hb
A1
c.
A
lar
g
e
r
an
d
m
o
r
e
d
iv
er
s
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
co
m
m
u
n
ity
m
u
s
t
ev
alu
ate
th
ese
o
u
tco
m
es,
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
es,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ad
v
an
tag
es
to
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
'
s
im
p
ac
t o
n
d
iab
etic
s
elf
-
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
.
T
ab
le
3
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
an
aly
s
is
O
u
t
c
o
m
e
s
D
a
y
1
D
a
y
9
0
M
e
a
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
M
e
a
n
[
9
5
%
C
I
]
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
(SD)
M
e
a
n
[
9
5
%
C
I
]
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
(SD)
W
e
i
g
h
t
6
7
.
5
(
6
0
.
3
t
o
7
4
.
7
)
8
.
2
3
6
6
.
5
2
(
6
0
.
3
t
o
7
2
.
7
)
7
.
0
6
0
.
9
8
H
b
A
1
c
l
e
v
e
l
s
7
.
7
2
(
7
.
1
t
o
8
.
3
)
0
.
7
3
7
.
3
8
(
6
.
5
t
o
8
.
2
)
0
.
9
4
0
.
3
4
3.
4
.
Users’
f
ee
db
a
ck
a
na
ly
s
is
:
e
v
a
lua
t
io
n
f
o
r
m
3.
4
.
1
.
F
o
r
pa
t
ient
s
y
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
q
u
esti
o
n
in
s
ec
tio
n
o
n
e
q
u
esti
o
n
ed
if
th
e
T
ele
-
D
M
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
clo
s
ed
u
n
ex
p
e
cted
ly
wh
ile
u
s
in
g
it.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
1
3
o
f
1
4
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
a
d
n
ev
er
h
ad
th
e
ap
p
cl
o
s
e
f
o
r
n
o
ap
p
a
r
en
t
r
ea
s
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
twar
e
ap
p
ea
r
s
to
wo
r
k
p
r
o
p
er
ly
an
d
g
i
v
e
s
a
s
o
lid
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
h
e
t
h
ir
d
q
u
esti
o
n
in
s
ec
tio
n
o
n
e
ask
ed
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
t
o
r
ate
th
e
ap
p
'
s
v
id
eo
p
lay
b
ac
k
f
ea
tu
r
e
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
t
h
at
7
o
f
1
4
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
g
av
e
th
e
v
id
e
o
s
f
iv
e
s
tar
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
t
h
ey
p
lay
o
n
all
m
o
b
ile
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
I
n
th
e
f
if
th
q
u
e
s
tio
n
o
f
s
ec
tio
n
o
n
e,
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
wer
e
ask
ed
i
f
th
ey
h
ad
an
y
is
s
u
es
with
th
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
,
s
u
ch
as
m
is
s
in
g
tex
t,
v
id
eo
n
o
t
p
lay
in
g
,
b
u
tto
n
s
n
o
t
wo
r
k
in
g
,
o
r
tex
t
o
u
t
o
f
s
y
n
c.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
r
esp
o
n
s
es
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
T
ele
-
DM
h
as
h
an
d
led
tech
n
ical
is
s
u
es
an
d
b
u
g
s
well.
All
1
4
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
s
aid
th
e
ap
p
n
e
v
er
h
ad
s
ev
er
e
i
s
s
u
es.
T
h
is
is
g
o
o
d
b
ec
au
s
e
tech
n
ical
f
a
u
lts
ca
n
r
u
in
th
e
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
a
n
d
ca
u
s
e
ir
r
itatio
n
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ec
tio
n
two
q
u
esti
o
n
s
r
at
e
th
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
a
p
p
'
s
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e.
Su
r
v
ey
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
r
ated
th
e
ap
p
'
s
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
4
.
1
o
u
t
o
f
5
.
W
h
ile
m
o
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
ap
p
r
ec
iated
th
e
T
ele
-
DM
ap
p
'
s
in
ter
f
ac
e,
th
e
r
esu
lts
im
p
ly
it
c
o
u
ld
b
e
b
etter
.
T
h
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
a
p
p
licatio
n
'
s
lan
g
u
ag
e
is
g
o
o
d
in
co
n
v
ey
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
am
p
er
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
as
th
e
th
ir
d
q
u
e
s
tio
n
in
s
ec
tio
n
two
r
ec
eiv
e
d
a
4
.
9
-
s
tar
a
v
er
ag
e
r
atin
g
f
o
r
r
ea
d
a
b
ilit
y
an
d
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
q
u
esti
o
n
in
s
ec
tio
n
th
r
ee
ask
ed
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
to
r
an
k
th
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
o
f
f
o
llo
win
g
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
ex
e
r
cise
s
tep
s
.
Mo
s
t
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
(
1
0
o
u
t
o
f
1
4
)
r
ated
5
s
tar
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
ey
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
ea
s
y
to
f
o
llo
w.
Mo
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
h
ad
litt
le
tr
o
u
b
le
with
th
e
ex
er
ci
s
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
y
lik
ely
wer
e
clea
r
.
Nex
t,
f
o
r
q
u
esti
o
n
s
3
a
n
d
4
,
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
im
p
ly
th
at
clea
r
er
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
a
r
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
n
av
ig
ate
t
h
e
v
ital
s
ig
n
s
d
ata
-
g
ath
er
i
n
g
t
o
o
l.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
s
ec
tio
n
'
s
f
ir
s
t
q
u
esti
o
n
q
u
esti
o
n
ed
if
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
wo
u
ld
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
T
ele
-
DM
to
f
am
ily
an
d
f
r
ien
d
s
.
T
welv
e
o
f
f
o
u
r
teen
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ag
r
ee
d
.
T
ele
-
DM
ap
p
ea
r
s
to
b
e
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
a
n
d
ef
f
e
ctiv
e
f
o
r
d
iab
etes
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
R
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
u
s
er
s
lik
e
an
d
o
p
e
r
ate
well
with
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
q
u
esti
o
n
r
an
k
ed
t
h
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
o
n
a
1
0
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
r
atin
g
is
8
.
5
s
tar
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
h
ig
h
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
ap
p
.
3.
4
.
2
.
F
o
r
hea
lt
h
ca
re
pro
f
ess
io
na
l
s
y
s
t
em
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
HC
P
s
y
s
tem
q
u
esti
o
n
: g
r
ad
e
th
e
p
atien
t
lis
t
tab
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e.
I
n
th
e
HC
P
s
y
s
tem
p
o
ll,
1
4
p
eo
p
le
g
a
v
e
4
o
r
5
s
tar
s
.
Av
er
ag
e
r
atin
g
:
4
.
6
4
s
tar
s
.
T
h
ese
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
h
ig
h
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
p
atien
t
lis
t
tab
'
s
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
m
ee
ts
HC
P
n
ee
d
s
.
Seco
n
d
q
u
esti
o
n
:
r
an
k
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
p
o
s
itiv
e,
with
4
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
atin
g
3
s
tar
s
,
1
0
r
atin
g
4
to
5
s
tar
s
,
an
d
th
e
av
er
ag
e
r
atin
g
4
.
1
4
s
tar
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
s
h
o
u
ld
in
clu
d
e
r
eal
-
ti
m
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
Fifth
q
u
esti
o
n
:
HC
P
s
y
s
tem
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
r
atin
g
.
On
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
g
av
e
1
s
tar
;
h
o
wev
er
,
th
e
a
v
e
r
ag
e
r
atin
g
is
4
.
5
0
.
Data
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
m
o
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
e
n
jo
y
e
d
th
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e'
s
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
h
e
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
g
u
id
es
HC
Ps
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
in
th
e
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
HC
P
s
y
s
tem
ev
alu
atio
n
s
h
o
we
d
ex
ce
lle
n
t
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
all
f
iv
e
ar
ea
s
.
Data
s
u
g
g
ests
th
e
HC
P
s
y
s
tem
i
s
p
o
p
u
lar
.
T
h
e
p
atien
t
lis
t
tab
'
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
ch
ar
ts
,
d
ata
s
ettin
g
s
,
an
d
g
en
e
r
al
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
well
ap
p
r
ec
iated
.
T
h
es
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
'
s
HC
P s
y
s
tem
wo
r
k
s
an
d
m
ee
ts
HC
P
n
ee
d
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
E
va
lu
a
tin
g
teleme
d
icin
e
d
ia
b
e
tes me
llit
u
s
:
a
mo
b
ile
h
ea
lth
a
p
p
fo
r
… (
Mu
h
a
mma
d
Za
kwa
n
A
b
d
u
l Ka
r
im
)
797
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Fin
ally
,
th
e
T
ele
-
DM
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ea
ls
its
f
u
n
c
tio
n
ality
,
ef
f
icac
y
,
an
d
u
s
er
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
Fu
n
ctio
n
ality
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
th
at
d
ata
s
ize
af
f
ec
ts
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e,
em
p
h
asi
z
in
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
o
p
tim
i
z
atio
n
as
d
ata
q
u
an
ti
ty
in
cr
ea
s
es.
T
h
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
aly
s
is
o
f
a
3
-
m
o
n
th
p
r
o
g
r
am
f
o
r
f
i
v
e
T
2
D
p
a
tien
ts
s
h
o
ws
weig
h
t
an
d
Hb
A1
c
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
s
o
f
0
.
9
8
k
g
an
d
0
.
3
4
%,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
m
a
y
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t,
b
u
t
m
o
r
e
HC
Ps
co
u
ld
m
an
a
g
e
a
b
ig
g
er
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
p
o
o
l.
Do
i
n
g
s
o
wo
u
ld
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
v
alid
ate
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
'
s
d
iab
etes
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
ef
f
ica
cy
.
User
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
ap
p
'
s
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
an
d
ab
ilit
y
to
m
ee
t
u
s
er
n
ee
d
s
.
T
r
ian
g
u
latin
g
th
ese
d
ata
s
h
o
ws
th
at
T
ele
-
DM
co
u
ld
b
e
a
u
s
ef
u
l
d
iab
etes self
-
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t to
o
l
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
wo
r
k
was
f
u
n
d
ed
b
y
Ge
r
an
Ko
la
b
o
r
asi
E
n
titi
Pen
y
eli
d
ik
an
UiT
M
(
KE
PU)
u
n
d
e
r
Gr
an
t
6
0
0
-
R
MC/
KE
PU
5
/3
(
0
0
1
/2
0
2
1
)
,
Ger
an
I
n
s
en
tif
Pen
y
elid
ik
a
n
(
GI
P)
u
n
d
e
r
Gr
an
t
6
0
0
-
R
MC/GIP
5
/3
(
0
6
0
/2
0
2
2)
an
d
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Un
iv
er
s
iti T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i M
AR
A
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
W
.
C
h
o
i
,
S
.
W
a
n
g
,
Y
.
Le
e
,
H
.
O
h
,
a
n
d
Z
.
Z
h
e
n
g
,
“
A
s
y
st
e
ma
t
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
mo
b
i
l
e
h
e
a
l
t
h
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s t
o
su
p
p
o
r
t
sel
f
-
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
o
f
c
o
n
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
a
n
d
h
y
p
e
r
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
Am
e
ri
c
a
n
Me
d
i
c
a
l
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
c
s
Ass
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
9
3
9
–
9
4
5
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
9
3
/
j
a
mi
a
/
o
c
a
a
0
2
9
.
[
2
]
A
.
A
.
S
h
a
f
i
e
a
n
d
C
.
H
.
N
g
,
“
Es
t
i
m
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
s
t
s
o
f
ma
n
a
g
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
y
p
e
2
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
m
e
l
l
i
t
u
s
i
n
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
,
”
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ph
a
rm
a
c
e
u
t
i
c
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
–
3
2
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
3
1
5
/
m
j
p
s
2
0
2
0
.
1
8
.
2
.
2
.
[
3
]
G
.
R
i
n
a
l
d
i
,
A
.
H
i
j
a
z
i
,
a
n
d
H
.
H
a
g
h
p
a
r
a
st
-
B
i
d
g
o
l
i
,
“
C
o
st
a
n
d
c
o
s
t
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
m
h
e
a
l
t
h
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
t
y
p
e
2
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
me
l
l
i
t
u
s:
a
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
a
s
y
st
e
ma
t
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
BM
J
O
p
e
n
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
.
e
0
2
7
4
9
0
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
10
.
1
1
3
6
/
b
mj
o
p
e
n
-
2
0
1
8
-
0
2
7
4
9
0
.
[
4
]
S
.
A
k
h
t
a
r
,
J.
A
.
N
a
s
i
r
,
A
.
A
l
i
,
M
.
A
s
g
h
a
r
,
R
.
M
a
j
e
e
d
,
a
n
d
A
.
S
a
r
w
a
r
,
“
P
r
e
v
a
l
e
n
c
e
o
f
t
y
p
e
-
2
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
a
n
d
p
r
e
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
i
n
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
:
a
sy
st
e
mat
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
a
n
d
me
t
a
-
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
,
”
PLO
S
O
N
E
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
e
0
2
6
3
1
3
9
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
3
7
1
/
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
.
p
o
n
e
.
0
2
6
3
1
3
9
.
[
5
]
I
.
Lo
r
a
-
P
o
z
o
,
D
.
L
u
c
e
n
a
-
A
n
t
o
n
,
A
.
S
a
l
a
z
a
r
,
A
.
G
a
l
á
n
-
M
e
r
c
a
n
t
,
a
n
d
J
.
A
.
M
o
r
a
l
-
M
u
n
o
z
,
“
A
n
t
h
r
o
p
o
me
t
r
i
c
,
c
a
r
d
i
o
p
u
l
m
o
n
a
r
y
a
n
d
met
a
b
o
l
i
c
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
-
i
n
t
e
n
si
t
y
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
v
e
r
su
s
mo
d
e
r
a
t
e
,
l
o
w
-
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
o
r
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
f
o
r
t
y
p
e
2
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s:
sy
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
a
n
d
m
e
t
a
-
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s,”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
R
e
se
a
rch
a
n
d
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
2
2
,
p
.
4
5
2
4
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
i
j
e
r
p
h
1
6
2
2
4
5
2
4
.
[
6
]
M
.
Z
.
A
.
K
a
r
i
m
,
R
.
Ja
i
l
a
n
i
,
R
.
L.
A
.
S
h
a
u
r
i
,
a
n
d
N
.
M
.
Th
a
mr
i
n
,
“
I
o
T
f
r
a
mew
o
r
k
o
f
t
e
l
e
r
e
h
a
b
i
l
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
sy
s
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
w
e
a
r
a
b
l
e
sen
s
o
r
s
f
o
r
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
mel
l
i
t
u
s
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
,
”
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
3
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
1
0
2
3
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
e
e
c
s
.
v
3
1
.
i
2
.
p
p
1
0
2
3
-
1
0
3
1
.
[
7
]
B
.
C
.
B
a
t
c
h
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
c
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
o
u
t
c
o
mes
o
f
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
w
i
t
h
t
y
p
e
2
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
2
f
o
c
u
s
m
o
b
i
l
e
a
p
p
f
o
r
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
p
i
l
o
t
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Me
d
i
c
a
l
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
Re
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
e
1
7
5
3
7
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
9
6
/
1
7
5
3
7
.
[
8
]
J.
S
u
,
M
.
D
u
g
a
s,
X
.
G
u
o
,
a
n
d
G
.
(
G
o
r
d
o
n
)
G
a
o
,
“
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
t
y
o
n
mh
e
a
l
t
h
u
se
i
n
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
w
i
t
h
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s:
p
r
o
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
p
i
l
o
t
s
t
u
d
y
,
”
J
MIR mH
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
u
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
.
e
1
7
7
0
9
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
9
6
/
1
7
7
0
9
.
[
9
]
Y.
-
Z.
T
u
,
Y
.
-
T.
C
h
a
n
g
,
H
.
-
Y
.
C
h
i
o
u
,
a
n
d
K
.
L
a
i
,
“
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
a
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
p
p
o
n
g
l
y
c
e
mi
c
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
i
n
r
e
a
l
-
w
o
r
l
d
c
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
:
r
e
t
r
o
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
e
d
i
c
a
l
I
n
t
e
rn
e
t
R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
.
e
2
3
2
2
7
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
9
6
/
2
3
2
2
7
.
[
1
0
]
D
.
K
o
o
t
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
mo
b
i
l
e
l
i
f
e
st
y
l
e
ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m (
g
l
y
c
o
l
e
a
p
)
f
o
r
p
e
o
p
l
e
w
i
t
h
t
y
p
e
2
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s:
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
a
r
m
f
e
a
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
st
u
d
y
,
”
J
MIR mH
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
u
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
.
e
1
2
9
6
5
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
9
6
/
1
2
9
6
5
.
[
1
1
]
S
.
L.
Li
m
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
s
mart
p
h
o
n
e
a
p
p
-
b
a
s
e
d
l
i
f
e
st
y
l
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
f
o
r
p
r
e
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
(
d
’
l
i
t
e
st
u
d
y
)
i
n
a
m
u
l
t
i
e
t
h
n
i
c
A
s
i
a
n
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
:
a
r
a
n
d
o
mi
z
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
t
r
i
a
l
,
”
Fro
n
t
i
e
rs
i
n
N
u
t
ri
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
8
9
/
f
n
u
t
.
2
0
2
1
.
7
8
0
5
6
7
.
[
1
2
]
D
.
E
.
N
k
h
o
ma
,
C
.
J
.
S
o
k
o
,
K
.
J
.
B
a
n
d
a
,
D
.
G
r
e
e
n
f
i
e
l
d
,
Y
.
-
C
.
(
Jac
k
)
L
i
,
a
n
d
U
.
I
q
b
a
l
,
“
I
mp
a
c
t
o
f
d
sm
e
s
a
p
p
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
med
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
d
h
e
r
e
n
c
e
i
n
t
y
p
e
2
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
m
e
l
l
i
t
u
s
:
sy
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
a
n
d
m
e
t
a
-
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s,
”
BM
J
H
e
a
l
t
h
&
C
a
re
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
e
1
0
0
2
9
1
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
3
6
/
b
mj
h
c
i
-
2
0
2
0
-
1
0
0
2
9
1
.
[
1
3
]
M
.
Ta
l
o
y
a
n
,
M
.
K
i
a
,
F
.
La
mi
a
n
,
M
.
P
e
t
e
r
so
n
,
a
n
d
E.
R
y
d
w
i
k
,
“
W
e
b
-
b
a
sed
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
s
w
i
t
h
t
y
p
e
2
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
-
a
f
e
a
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
st
u
d
y
,
”
BM
C
H
e
a
l
t
h
S
e
rv
i
c
e
s R
e
s
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
7
2
1
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s
1
2
9
1
3
-
0
2
1
-
0
6
7
0
7
-
7.
[
1
4
]
S
.
W
.
O
h
,
K
.
-
K
.
K
i
m
,
S
.
S
.
K
i
m
,
S
.
K
.
P
a
r
k
,
a
n
d
S
.
P
a
r
k
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
f
a
n
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
v
e
m
o
b
i
l
e
h
e
a
l
t
h
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
i
n
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
w
i
t
h
h
y
p
e
r
t
e
n
si
o
n
a
n
d
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
:
c
r
o
ss
o
v
e
r
st
u
d
y
,
”
J
MIR
m
H
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
u
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
e
2
7
1
9
2
,
Jan
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
9
6
/
2
7
1
9
2
.
[
1
5
]
P
.
A
g
a
r
w
a
l
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
o
b
i
l
e
a
p
p
f
o
r
i
mp
r
o
v
e
d
s
e
l
f
-
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
o
f
t
y
p
e
2
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s:
mu
l
t
i
c
e
n
t
e
r
p
r
a
g
ma
t
i
c
r
a
n
d
o
mi
z
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
t
r
i
a
l
,
”
J
MIR mH
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
u
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
e
1
0
3
2
1
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
9
6
/
1
0
3
2
1
.
[
1
6
]
E.
Y
.
L
e
e
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ef
f
i
c
a
c
y
o
f
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
z
e
d
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
s
e
l
f
-
c
a
r
e
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
r
e
c
o
r
d
–
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
m
o
b
i
l
e
a
p
p
i
n
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
w
i
t
h
t
y
p
e
2
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s:
6
-
mo
n
t
h
r
a
n
d
o
mi
z
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
t
r
i
a
l
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
e
d
i
c
a
l
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
Re
se
a
r
c
h
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
.
e
3
7
4
3
0
,
Ju
l
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
9
6
/
3
7
4
3
0
.
[
1
7
]
S
.
M
u
r
a
l
i
d
h
a
r
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
E
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
w
e
i
g
h
t
l
o
ss
:
r
e
su
l
t
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
mo
b
i
l
e
h
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
t
r
i
a
l
,
”
D
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
&
T
h
e
r
a
p
e
u
t
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
5
0
7
–
5
1
3
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
9
/
d
i
a
.
2
0
1
9
.
0
1
3
4
.
[
1
8
]
A
.
A
.
P
r
a
y
o
g
i
,
M
.
N
i
sw
a
r
,
I
n
d
r
a
b
a
y
u
,
a
n
d
M
.
R
i
j
a
l
,
“
D
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
i
mp
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
e
s
t
A
P
I
f
o
r
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
s
y
st
e
m,”
I
O
P
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
S
e
ri
e
s:
Ma
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
8
7
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
0
1
2
0
4
7
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/
1
7
5
7
-
8
9
9
X
/
8
7
5
/
1
/
0
1
2
0
4
7
.
[
1
9
]
C
.
C
.
Q
u
i
n
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
m
h
e
a
l
t
h
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
g
l
u
c
o
s
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
:
h
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s,”
J
MIR
m
H
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
u
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
.
e
1
0
7
7
6
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
9
6
/
1
0
7
7
6
.
[
2
0
]
I
.
G
r
e
my
r
,
A
.
B
i
r
c
h
-
Je
n
se
n
,
M
.
K
u
m
a
r
,
a
n
d
N
.
L
ö
f
b
e
r
g
,
“
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s’
u
se
o
f
c
u
s
t
o
m
e
r
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
a
s
a
c
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
t
r
i
g
g
e
r
s
f
o
r
a
b
s
o
r
p
t
i
v
e
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
a
n
d
v
a
l
u
e
c
o
-
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
&
Pr
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
4
2
,
n
o
.
1
3
,
p
p
.
2
1
8
–
2
4
2
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/
I
JO
P
M
-
11
-
2
0
2
1
-
0
6
9
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
4
:
791
-
79
9
798
[
2
1
]
P
.
P
a
r
mar
,
J.
R
y
u
,
S
.
P
a
n
d
y
a
,
J.
S
e
d
o
c
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
g
a
r
w
a
l
,
“
H
e
a
l
t
h
-
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
g
e
n
t
s
i
n
p
e
r
s
o
n
-
c
e
n
t
e
r
e
d
c
a
r
e
:
a
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
a
p
p
s,”
n
p
j
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
Me
d
i
c
i
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
2
1
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
3
8
/
s4
1
7
4
6
-
0
2
2
-
0
0
5
6
0
-
6.
[
2
2
]
A
.
S
.
M
u
st
a
f
a
,
N
.
A
l
i
,
J.
S
.
D
h
i
l
l
o
n
,
G
.
A
l
k
a
w
si
,
a
n
d
Y
.
B
a
a
s
h
a
r
,
“
U
s
e
r
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
a
b
a
n
d
o
n
me
n
t
o
f
mh
e
a
l
t
h
:
a
c
r
o
ss
-
sec
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
u
r
v
e
y
,
”
H
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
2
2
1
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
h
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
1
0
0
2
0
2
2
1
.
[
2
3
]
D
.
C
h
a
k
r
a
b
o
r
t
y
a
n
d
J.
P
a
u
l
,
“
H
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
a
p
p
s’
p
u
r
c
h
a
se
i
n
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
:
a
c
o
n
s
u
mp
t
i
o
n
v
a
l
u
e
s
p
e
r
sp
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
”
T
e
c
h
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
0
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
t
e
c
h
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
.
2
0
2
2
.
1
0
2
4
8
1
.
[
2
4
]
Z.
C
.
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Th
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
mh
e
a
l
t
h
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
p
o
s
t
p
a
r
t
u
m
d
e
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
:
a
s
y
s
t
e
ma
t
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
a
n
d
me
t
a
-
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
t
e
l
e
m
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
a
n
d
t
e
l
e
c
a
re
,
p
.
1
3
5
7
6
3
3
X
2
0
9
1
7
8
1
6
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
1
3
5
7
6
3
3
X
2
0
9
1
7
.
[
2
5
]
S
.
R
.
Jo
s
h
u
a
,
W
.
A
b
b
a
s,
J.
-
H
.
L
e
e
,
a
n
d
S
.
K
.
K
i
m
,
“
Tr
u
s
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s:
a
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
i
n
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
y
p
e
2
d
i
a
b
e
t
i
c
m
e
l
l
i
t
u
s
mo
b
i
l
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
1
2
5
1
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
a
p
p
1
3
0
3
1
2
5
1
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Mu
h
a
m
m
a
d
Z
a
k
wa
n
Abd
u
l
K
a
r
im
is
a
p
o
st
g
ra
d
u
a
te
st
u
d
e
n
t
a
t
th
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
C
o
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
ARA
(UiTM
)
,
S
e
lan
g
o
r
,
M
a
lay
sia
.
He
h
o
l
d
s
a
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r
's
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
h
e
g
ra
d
u
a
ted
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
A
RA
(UiTM
)
in
2
0
2
1
.
His
i
n
ter
e
sts
a
re
m
o
b
il
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
UI/UX
d
e
si
g
n
,
a
n
d
ro
b
o
ti
c
a
rm
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
w
o
rk
i
n
g
o
n
p
r
o
jec
ts
in
v
o
l
v
in
g
m
o
b
il
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
z
a
k
wa
n
k
a
rim@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
No
r
a
shi
k
i
n
M.
T
h
a
m
r
in
a
n
As
so
c
iate
P
ro
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
th
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
C
o
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
AR
A
(UiTM
),
M
a
lay
sia
,
sin
c
e
2
0
0
8
.
S
h
e
e
a
rn
e
d
h
e
r
b
a
c
h
e
l
o
r'
s
(
Ho
n
o
u
rs)
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
-
e
lec
tro
n
ic
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
m
a
ste
r'
s
in
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Un
iv
e
r
siti
Te
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
in
2
0
0
5
a
n
d
2
0
0
7
.
I
n
2
0
1
7
,
sh
e
e
a
rn
e
d
h
e
r
P
h
.
D.
i
n
a
u
t
o
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
r
o
b
o
ti
c
s
fro
m
UiTM
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
se
s
o
n
a
u
t
o
m
a
ted
sy
ste
m
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
wa
ter
se
c
u
rit
y
,
a
g
ri
b
u
sin
e
ss
,
a
n
d
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
ro
b
o
ts.
S
h
e
h
a
s
writt
e
n
/co
-
writt
e
n
5
0
+
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
t
a
c
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
n
o
ra
sh
i
k
in
@
u
it
m
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
Ruh
iza
n
L
iza
Ah
m
a
d
S
h
a
u
r
i
is
a
se
n
io
r
lec
tu
re
r
i
n
S
y
ste
m
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
tu
d
ies
,
a
t
th
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
ARA
(UiTM
),
M
a
la
y
sia
.
S
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
fr
o
m
t
h
e
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
C
h
ib
a
,
Ja
p
a
n
i
n
S
y
ste
m
s
Artifi
c
ial
S
c
ien
c
e
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
se
s
o
n
r
o
b
o
ti
c
d
e
sig
n
,
c
o
n
tr
o
l
sy
ste
m
s
,
a
n
d
ima
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
ru
h
iza
n
@
u
it
m
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
Ro
z
ita
J
a
il
a
n
i
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
P
h
.
D.
in
Au
t
o
m
a
ti
c
Co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
S
h
e
ffield
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
UK
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
As
so
c
iate
P
ro
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
th
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
C
o
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
a
n
d
a
re
se
a
rc
h
fe
ll
o
w
a
t
th
e
In
te
g
ra
ti
v
e
P
h
a
rm
a
c
o
g
e
n
o
m
ics
I
n
stit
u
te
(iP
ROMIS
E),
U
n
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
ARA
(UiTM
)
,
M
a
lay
s
ia
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
in
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
t
c
o
n
tro
l
s
y
ste
m
s
,
re
h
a
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
a
ss
isti
v
e
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
in
str
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
a
rti
f
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
sig
n
a
l
a
n
d
ima
g
e
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
ro
z
it
a
j@u
it
m
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
or
ro
z
it
a
@ie
e
e
.
o
rg
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
E
va
lu
a
tin
g
teleme
d
icin
e
d
ia
b
e
tes me
llit
u
s
:
a
mo
b
ile
h
ea
lth
a
p
p
fo
r
… (
Mu
h
a
mma
d
Za
kwa
n
A
b
d
u
l Ka
r
im
)
799
Mo
h
d
H
a
i
d
z
ir
Abd
M
a
n
a
f
is
a
n
As
so
c
iate
P
ro
fe
ss
o
r
i
n
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
He
a
lt
h
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
ARA
.
He
is
h
e
a
d
o
f
th
e
Cli
n
ica
l
Re
h
a
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Ex
e
rc
ise
Re
se
a
rc
h
G
ro
u
p
a
n
d
is
e
x
ten
siv
e
ly
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
in
th
e
fiel
d
o
f
re
se
a
rc
h
with
a
n
a
c
c
u
m
u
latio
n
o
f
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
g
ra
n
ts
.
He
h
a
s
a
u
t
h
o
re
d
4
3
p
u
b
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
in
v
a
rio
u
s
i
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l,
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
,
a
n
d
s
p
e
c
ialize
d
jo
u
rn
a
ls
in
h
is
field
o
f
re
se
a
rc
h
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
h
a
id
z
ir5
8
9
4
@u
it
m
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
Nurul
Am
ira
h
M
u
sta
p
a
o
b
tai
n
e
d
a
De
g
re
e
(P
h
y
si
o
th
e
ra
p
y
)
a
n
d
M
a
ste
r
o
f
He
a
lt
h
S
c
ien
c
e
s (P
h
y
sio
t
h
e
ra
p
y
)
q
u
a
li
fic
a
ti
o
n
fro
m
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
a
ra
(UiTM
).
P
re
se
n
tl
y
,
sh
e
is
a
p
h
y
sio
t
h
e
ra
p
y
lec
tu
re
r
at
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
P
h
y
sic
a
l
Re
h
a
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
Ku
ll
i
y
y
a
h
o
f
Alli
e
d
He
a
lt
h
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
IIUM
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
n
u
r
u
l
a
m
irah
@iiu
m
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.