I
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t
io
na
l J
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l o
f
Adv
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nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
718
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7
3
1
I
SS
N:
2252
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8814
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
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j
aa
s
.
v
1
5
.
i
2
.
pp
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a
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a
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h
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y
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stig
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tes
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a
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c
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ly
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ly
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su
l
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e
a
l
th
a
t
s
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m
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h
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p
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r
(C
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a
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d
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n
ti
f
ied
as
p
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larly
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c
e
rn
in
g
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h
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e
m
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st
o
rg
a
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o
p
h
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s
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te
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b
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li
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e
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rd
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g
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t
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re
sid
u
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c
c
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s
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n
d
e
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s
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c
rit
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e
d
f
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o
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ti
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u
s
m
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it
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g
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v
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tal
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d
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n
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s
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h
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a
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h
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tco
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e
s
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n
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tec
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c
o
sy
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m
s.
Re
g
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lar
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e
ss
m
e
n
ts
a
r
e
v
it
a
l
f
o
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d
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v
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m
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tal
m
a
n
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g
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m
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n
t
stra
teg
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.
K
ey
w
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s
:
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v
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etal
s
He
m
o
g
lo
b
i
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L
y
m
p
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s
P
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cid
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So
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ater
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c
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rticle
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d
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CC
BY
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SA
li
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C
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p
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:
A
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A
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Me
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n
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k
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etal
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co
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ta
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in
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tio
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in
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a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
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m
e
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tal
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te
g
r
it
y
[
1
]
.
T
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in
f
iltra
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of
t
h
ese
to
x
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s
u
b
s
tan
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atic
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n
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ter
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if
ica
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r
n
s
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v
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icato
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s
of
h
ea
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d
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t
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ac
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lat
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of
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etals
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m
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v
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n
m
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tal
s
u
s
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u
lt
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ac
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ch
ain
[
2
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,
[
3
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.
In
a
Ko
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p
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ex
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8814
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b
et
w
ee
n
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
s
,
air
p
o
llu
tio
n
,
a
n
d
i
m
m
u
n
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e.
A
c
u
te
air
p
o
llu
tio
n
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
co
u
ld
tr
i
g
g
er
in
f
la
m
m
ato
r
y
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
p
o
ten
tiall
y
in
f
l
u
e
n
cin
g
p
er
i
p
h
er
al
b
lo
o
d
leu
k
o
c
y
te
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
s
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
b
io
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
of
h
ea
v
y
m
etals
in
p
la
n
ts
p
o
s
es
f
u
r
th
er
r
is
k
s
as
th
e
s
e
s
u
b
s
ta
n
ce
s
e
n
t
er
th
e
f
o
o
d
ch
ain
,
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
a
f
f
ec
ti
n
g
h
u
m
a
n
h
ea
lt
h
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
g
e
s
tio
n
[
7
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
h
ig
h
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
of
h
ea
v
y
m
eta
l
s
can
alter
s
o
il
’
s
p
h
y
s
ico
ch
e
m
ic
al
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
d
eg
r
ad
in
g
s
o
il
q
u
alit
y
an
d
i
n
h
ib
iti
n
g
m
icr
o
b
ial
d
iv
er
s
it
y
es
s
en
tia
l
f
o
r
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
g
[
8
]
.
W
h
ile
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ie
s
h
a
v
e
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
of
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
an
d
p
esti
cid
e
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
on
s
o
il
q
u
alit
y
a
n
d
h
ea
lt
h
o
u
tc
o
m
e
s
,
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
e
x
p
lic
itl
y
ad
d
r
ess
ed
it
s
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
on
h
e
m
ato
lo
g
ica
l
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
co
u
n
t
s
an
d
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
l
ev
els.
A
c
k
n
o
w
led
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
m
p
lex
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
p
o
llu
ta
n
ts
a
n
d
b
io
lo
g
ical
s
y
s
te
m
s
is
cr
u
cia
l,
as
co
n
ta
m
i
n
an
ts
f
r
o
m
a
g
r
icu
l
tu
r
al
r
u
n
o
f
f
p
o
s
e
r
is
k
s
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
to
s
o
il
a
n
d
w
ater
b
u
t
a
ls
o
to
h
u
m
an
h
ea
lt
h
by
p
o
ten
tiall
y
i
m
p
ac
ti
n
g
h
e
m
ato
p
o
ietic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
a
n
d
i
m
m
u
n
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
9
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
r
ec
en
t
liter
atu
r
e
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
g
ap
s
in
lo
n
g
it
u
d
in
a
l
s
tu
d
ies
ass
e
s
s
i
n
g
s
u
c
h
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
l
y
w
it
h
i
n
d
iv
er
s
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
et
tin
g
s
an
d
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
lev
el
s
[
1
0
]
.
C
o
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
i
v
e
a
n
al
y
s
es
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
d
is
s
ect
h
o
w
t
h
ese
p
o
llu
tan
t
s
m
a
y
in
ter
f
er
e
w
it
h
b
lo
o
d
-
r
elate
d
h
ea
lth
in
d
icato
r
s
,
as
m
an
y
s
t
u
d
ies
te
n
d
to
is
o
late
th
eir
f
o
cu
s
,
th
er
eb
y
n
e
g
lect
in
g
th
e
i
n
ter
co
n
n
e
cted
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
th
at
co
u
ld
elu
cid
ate
th
e
s
e
h
ea
l
th
i
m
p
ac
ts
[
1
1
]
.
To
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
g
ap
s
,
t
h
i
s
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
ai
m
s
to
u
n
d
er
ta
k
e
a
s
y
s
te
m
atic
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
t
h
a
t
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
l
y
e
x
a
m
i
n
es
t
h
e
in
ter
p
lay
b
et
w
ee
n
h
ea
v
y
m
e
tal
an
d
p
esti
cid
e
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
le
v
els
in
b
o
th
s
o
il
a
n
d
w
ater
,
co
r
r
elatin
g
t
h
ese
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
w
it
h
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
c
h
an
g
es
in
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
an
d
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
co
u
n
t
s
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
By
es
tab
lis
h
in
g
co
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
f
ield
s
tu
d
ie
s
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
w
it
h
co
n
tr
o
lled
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
an
al
y
s
e
s
,
we
in
te
n
d
to
elu
c
id
ate
th
e
p
r
ec
is
e
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
w
h
ic
h
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
th
ese
co
n
ta
m
in
a
n
t
s
ad
v
er
s
e
l
y
i
m
p
ac
ts
h
e
m
ato
l
o
g
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
i
n
n
o
v
ati
v
el
y
in
teg
r
ate
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
cie
n
ce
w
it
h
m
ed
ical
r
esear
ch
by
f
o
cu
s
in
g
on
a
m
u
lt
i
-
f
ac
eted
a
n
al
y
s
is
of
p
o
llu
tan
t
s
alo
n
g
s
id
e
b
io
lo
g
ical
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
,
t
h
er
eb
y
p
av
in
g
t
h
e
w
a
y
f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
l
th
g
u
id
eli
n
es
an
d
p
u
b
lic
p
o
lic
y
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
to
m
iti
g
ate
th
e
s
e
p
er
v
asiv
e
r
is
k
s
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elt
y
of
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
is
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
a
n
al
y
tical.
Me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
icall
y
,
it
e
m
p
lo
y
s
a
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
an
d
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
i
v
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
s
am
p
li
n
g
ac
r
o
s
s
f
iv
e
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
s
in
J
en
ep
o
n
to
C
it
y
,
u
ti
lizi
n
g
r
an
d
o
m
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
to
m
iti
g
ate
b
ia
s
in
d
ata
co
llectio
n
.
T
h
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
of
a
d
v
an
ce
d
an
a
l
y
t
ical
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
ato
m
ic
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
etr
y
(
AAS)
f
o
r
h
ea
v
y
m
etals
an
d
UV
-
Vi
s
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
etr
y
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
ate
p
esti
cid
es,
en
h
a
n
ce
s
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
of
co
n
t
a
m
i
n
an
t
d
etec
tio
n
.
An
al
y
ticall
y
,
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
el
u
cid
ates
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
an
d
p
esti
c
id
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
an
d
h
e
m
a
to
lo
g
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
—
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
s
y
n
t
h
esis
an
d
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
co
u
n
t
s
.
T
h
is
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
is
ass
es
s
ed
u
s
i
n
g
P
ea
r
s
o
n
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
,
w
h
ich
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
ig
h
t
s
in
to
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
s
of
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
ta
m
i
n
a
n
ts
on
h
ea
lt
h
in
d
icato
r
s
,
th
u
s
f
u
l
f
ill
in
g
a
cr
itical
g
ap
in
ex
is
ti
n
g
liter
atu
r
e
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
h
e
m
a
to
lo
g
ical
ef
f
ec
t
s
of
th
es
e
p
o
llu
tan
ts
.
Ov
er
all,
t
h
e
n
o
v
elt
y
lies
in
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
of
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
an
d
b
io
lo
g
ical
d
ata,
p
r
esen
tin
g
a
h
o
lis
tic
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
on
p
u
b
li
c
h
ea
lth
r
is
k
s
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
an
d
p
esti
cid
e
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
.
T
h
is
m
u
lti
-
f
ac
e
ted
an
al
y
s
is
p
av
e
s
th
e
w
a
y
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
an
d
p
o
licy
-
m
a
k
i
n
g
to
tar
g
et
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Desig
n
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
s
y
s
te
m
atica
ll
y
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ates
t
h
e
h
ea
v
y
m
et
al
co
n
ten
t
in
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
a
m
p
les
a
n
d
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
of
o
r
g
an
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
at
e
p
esti
cid
es
on
h
u
m
an
h
ea
lt
h
w
it
h
i
n
J
en
ep
o
n
to
C
it
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
q
u
an
t
itati
v
e
an
d
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
an
a
l
y
s
is
.
T
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
en
ab
les
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
as
s
es
s
m
en
t
of
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
p
o
llu
ta
n
ts
,
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
g
on
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
an
d
h
ea
lth
o
u
tco
m
e
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
gs
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
to
t
h
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
b
o
d
y
of
liter
atu
r
e
on
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lt
h
,
e
m
p
h
as
izin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
to
m
iti
g
ate
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
in
v
u
l
n
er
ab
le
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
2
.
2
.
Study
a
re
a
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
o
v
er
a
s
i
x
-
m
o
n
th
p
er
io
d
f
r
o
m
J
u
n
e
to
Dec
e
m
b
er
ac
r
o
s
s
f
i
v
e
d
is
tin
c
t
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
icts
:
W
est
B
an
g
k
ala
,
B
an
g
k
ala,
B
o
n
to
r
a
m
b
a,
T
a
m
alate
a,
an
d
B
in
a
m
u
.
T
h
e
d
iv
er
s
it
y
of
t
h
es
e
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
icts
a
llo
w
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
of
t
h
e
u
n
iq
u
e
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
7
1
8
-
731
720
af
f
ec
tin
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t
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.
By
i
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co
r
p
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atin
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ltip
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les,
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d
y
ai
m
s
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
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e
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er
aliza
b
ilit
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it
s
f
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d
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g
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n
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n
tr
ib
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te
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a
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y
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m
ics
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ea
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Fig
u
r
e
1
s
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o
w
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in
I
n
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esia.
T
h
e
m
ap
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
d
e
p
icts
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e
lo
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o
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e
r
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w
it
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n
t
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o
f
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ia
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a
w
h
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Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
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d
is
p
lay
s
a
m
ap
o
f
So
u
t
h
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u
la
w
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P
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ce
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ith
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ed
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d
icatin
g
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e
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e
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r
ch
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ter
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etail.
Fi
g
u
r
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1
(
c)
th
e
n
p
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t
s
a
m
o
r
e
d
etail
ed
m
ap
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
lo
ca
tio
n
s
at
th
e
d
i
s
tr
ict
o
r
lo
ca
l
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
ativ
e
ar
ea
le
v
e
l
(
W
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B
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g
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a
la,
B
an
g
k
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B
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n
to
r
a
m
b
a,
T
am
al
atea
,
an
d
B
in
a
m
u
)
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
(
a)
I
n
d
o
n
esian
m
ap
lo
ca
tio
n
,
(
b
)
So
u
th
S
u
la
w
es
i P
r
o
v
in
ce
,
an
d
(
c)
r
esear
ch
2
.
3
.
Sa
m
p
lin
g
To
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
ep
r
ese
n
tati
v
e
n
es
s
of
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
s
a
m
p
le,
a
s
i
m
p
le
r
a
n
d
o
m
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
a
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
is
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
in
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
b
ias
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
elec
t
io
n
of
p
ar
tici
p
an
ts
a
n
d
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
p
o
in
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
icts
.
T
h
e
ar
ea
w
as
s
tr
ati
f
i
ed
b
ased
on
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
of
p
o
llu
tan
ts
,
le
v
er
ag
i
n
g
d
ata
p
r
o
v
id
ed
by
th
e
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t
of
I
n
d
u
s
tr
y
an
d
T
r
ad
e
an
d
th
e
Dep
ar
t
m
e
n
t
of
Ag
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
e
in
J
en
ep
o
n
to
C
it
y
.
In
to
tal,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
9
t
y
p
es
of
m
etals
w
it
h
5
s
a
m
p
le
lo
ca
tio
n
s
e
ac
h
,
m
ak
i
n
g
t
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
of
s
a
m
p
les
45.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
etails
of
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
b
et
w
ee
n
w
a
ter
an
d
s
o
il
ar
e
r
ef
lecte
d
in
th
e
v
alu
e
s
p
r
esen
ted
f
o
r
each
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
m
etal
t
y
p
e.
T
h
is
cr
u
cial
s
tep
aid
ed
in
id
en
ti
f
y
i
n
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
lo
ca
tio
n
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
tin
g
v
ar
y
in
g
lev
e
ls
of
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
a
n
d
ag
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
al
ac
tiv
it
y
,
w
h
ich
co
u
ld
p
o
ten
tia
ll
y
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
le
v
els
to
h
ea
v
y
m
etals
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
ate
p
esti
cid
es.
By
ca
teg
o
r
izi
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
a
r
ea
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
t
y
p
es
of
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ies
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
of
f
er
ti
lizer
s
u
s
ed
by
f
ar
m
er
s
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
tea
m
w
a
s
ab
le
to
p
in
p
o
in
t
id
ea
l
lo
c
atio
n
s
f
o
r
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
in
ea
c
h
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict.
T
h
is
s
tr
at
if
ied
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
allo
w
s
f
o
r
a
d
e
tailed
an
al
y
s
i
s
of
h
o
w
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
o
llu
tio
n
s
o
u
r
ce
s
af
f
ec
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
an
d
h
u
m
an
h
ea
lt
h
m
etr
ics,
e
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
t
h
e
b
r
ea
d
th
of
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
o
b
j
e
ctiv
es.
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
h
ase
was
m
e
ticu
lo
u
s
l
y
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
en
co
m
p
as
s
v
ar
io
u
s
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
a
n
d
b
io
lo
g
ical
s
a
m
p
les
es
s
en
t
ial
f
o
r
an
al
y
zi
n
g
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
co
n
ten
t
an
d
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
of
o
r
g
an
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
ate
p
esti
cid
es.
W
ater
an
d
s
o
il
s
a
m
p
les
w
er
e
co
llected
s
y
s
te
m
atica
ll
y
a
n
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
s
en
t
to
ac
cr
ed
ited
lab
o
r
ato
r
ies
f
o
r
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
i
v
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
of
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
.
Fo
r
ass
ess
i
n
g
b
io
lo
g
ical
m
ar
k
er
s
,
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
an
d
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
lev
e
ls
,
b
lo
o
d
s
a
m
p
lin
g
w
as
co
n
d
u
c
ted
by
s
k
il
led
an
d
ce
r
tifie
d
h
ea
lt
h
an
al
y
s
ts
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
teg
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
of
b
io
lo
g
ica
l
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
co
llecti
o
n
of
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c
d
ata,
in
clu
d
in
g
n
a
m
e,
g
e
n
d
er
,
an
d
ag
e,
w
as
f
ac
ilit
a
ted
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
tr
aig
h
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
q
u
est
io
n
n
air
e,
th
u
s
ad
d
in
g
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
la
y
er
of
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
in
s
i
g
h
ts
p
er
ti
n
en
t
to
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
’
s
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es.
2
.
5
.
E
t
hica
l
per
m
i
s
s
io
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
o
b
tain
ed
et
h
ical
ap
p
r
o
v
al
f
r
o
m
P
o
ltek
k
es
Ke
m
e
n
k
es
Ma
k
as
s
ar
(
HK.
1
1
2
.
0
6
.
3
.
2
0
2
4
)
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
p
r
i
n
cip
les
of
r
esear
ch
eth
ics
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
of
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
.
All
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
w
ill
be
k
ep
t
co
n
f
id
en
t
ial
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
w
it
h
a
p
p
licab
le
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
.
2
.
6
.
L
a
bo
ra
t
o
ry
a
na
ly
s
is
Hea
v
y
m
eta
l
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
al
y
s
i
s
u
s
i
n
g
AAS
i
n
v
o
l
v
es
a
s
y
s
te
m
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
a
t
in
cl
u
d
es
s
a
m
p
l
e
co
llectio
n
,
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
,
m
i
n
er
aliza
tio
n
,
ca
lib
r
atio
n
,
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
.
Sa
m
p
les
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
m
atr
ices
ar
e
co
llected
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
s
p
atial
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
u
n
d
er
g
o
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
in
v
o
lv
i
n
g
w
a
s
h
in
g
,
d
r
y
i
n
g
,
an
d
g
r
in
d
i
n
g
to
en
s
u
r
e
h
o
m
o
g
en
ei
t
y
.
T
h
e
m
i
n
er
aliza
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
eith
er
ac
id
d
ig
esti
o
n
or
m
icr
o
w
a
v
e
-
ass
is
ted
d
ig
est
io
n
,
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
s
o
lid
s
in
to
a
liq
u
id
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
r
elea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
etal
ele
m
e
n
t
s
ess
e
n
tial
f
o
r
AAS
an
al
y
s
i
s.
C
alib
r
atio
n
of
AAS
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
of
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
cr
ea
te
a
ca
lib
r
atio
n
cu
r
v
e
th
at
r
elate
s
ab
s
o
r
b
an
ce
to
m
etal
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
by
q
u
alit
y
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ea
s
u
r
es
s
u
c
h
as
b
lan
k
s
a
n
d
d
u
p
licates.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
I
mp
a
ct
o
f h
e
a
vy
meta
l a
n
d
p
es
ticid
e
co
n
ta
min
a
tio
n
in
w
a
ter a
n
d
s
o
il o
n
h
emo
g
lo
b
in
…
(
A
r
ta
ti A
r
ta
ti
)
721
AAS
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tatio
n
in
c
lu
d
e
s
a
lig
h
t
s
o
u
r
ce
tailo
r
ed
to
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
etal,
an
ato
m
izer
f
o
r
s
a
m
p
le
v
ap
o
r
izatio
n
,
a
m
o
n
o
ch
r
o
m
a
t
o
r
f
o
r
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
is
o
latio
n
,
an
d
a
d
etec
to
r
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
li
g
h
t
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
.
A
d
ata
an
al
y
s
is
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
s
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
m
e
tal
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
,
en
h
a
n
cin
g
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
of
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
of
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
q
u
alit
y
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
ass
u
r
a
n
ce
p
r
o
to
co
ls
m
a
in
ta
in
s
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tical
in
teg
r
it
y
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r
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f
o
r
cin
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AA
S
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ep
u
tab
le
tech
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e
f
o
r
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
d
etec
tio
n
in
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
a
n
d
b
io
lo
g
ical
s
a
m
p
le
s
.
UV
-
Vi
s
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
etr
y
is
b
ased
on
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
of
u
ltra
v
io
let
an
d
v
i
s
ib
le
lig
h
t
by
s
a
m
p
l
e
m
o
lecu
le
s
,
w
h
ic
h
f
ac
il
itates
el
ec
tr
o
n
ic
en
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
it
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
is
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
w
it
h
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
as
d
escr
ib
ed
by
t
h
e
B
ee
r
-
L
a
m
b
er
t
L
a
w
,
w
h
ic
h
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
m
a
th
e
m
atica
l
l
y
as
(A
=ε
.
c.
l)
.
E
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
s
a
m
p
le
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
is
ess
en
tial,
in
v
o
l
v
in
g
s
o
l
v
en
t
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
of
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
r
esid
u
e
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
m
atr
i
x
.
T
h
is
co
n
s
i
s
ts
of
s
a
m
p
le
co
lle
ctio
n
(
u
n
d
er
s
ter
ile
an
d
co
ld
co
n
d
itio
n
s
)
,
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
(
u
s
i
n
g
d
ich
lo
r
o
m
eth
a
n
e
or
ac
eto
n
itrile
s
o
lv
e
n
ts
)
,
f
il
tr
atio
n
to
r
em
o
v
e
p
ar
ticu
late
s
,
d
er
iv
atiza
tio
n
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
ab
s
o
r
p
ti
o
n
,
an
d
d
ilu
tio
n
to
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
lev
els.
C
alib
r
atio
n
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
of
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
ca
lib
r
atio
n
c
u
r
v
es,
ass
es
s
i
n
g
li
n
ea
r
it
y
,
li
m
it
of
d
etec
tio
n
(
L
OD)
,
li
m
it
of
q
u
a
n
ti
f
icatio
n
(
L
OQ)
,
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
es
s
of
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
.
Data
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
u
s
e
s
m
o
d
er
n
au
to
m
ated
UV
-
Vi
s
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
eter
s
to
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
co
llect
ab
s
o
r
b
an
ce
d
ata,
wh
ic
h
ar
e
th
e
n
d
escr
ib
ed
ag
ain
s
t
ca
lib
r
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
w
h
i
le
tak
i
n
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
p
o
ten
tia
l
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
in
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
m
atr
i
x
.
In
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
ac
c
u
r
at
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
of
b
io
lo
g
i
ca
l
m
ar
k
er
s
,
s
p
ec
i
f
icall
y
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
an
d
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
t
e
lev
els,
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
S
y
s
m
e
x
XN
1000
h
e
m
ato
l
o
g
y
a
n
al
y
ze
r
.
T
h
is
s
tate
-
of
-
th
e
-
ar
t
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
r
ap
id
,
p
r
ec
is
e
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
y
ield
in
g
h
i
g
h
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
an
d
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
ilit
y
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
clin
ical
an
d
r
esea
r
ch
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
B
lo
o
d
s
am
p
les
co
llected
in
eth
y
le
n
ed
ia
m
in
etetr
aa
ce
tic
ac
id
(
E
DT
A
)
tu
b
es
u
n
d
er
w
e
n
t
c
ar
ef
u
l
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
g
en
tle
m
ix
i
n
g
to
p
r
ev
en
t
clo
t
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
an
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
eq
u
ilib
r
atio
n
to
m
ain
tai
n
ce
llu
lar
in
te
g
r
it
y
.
Ho
m
o
g
en
izatio
n
w
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
a
v
o
r
te
x
m
i
x
e
r
to
ac
h
iev
e
s
in
g
le
-
ce
ll
s
u
s
p
e
n
s
io
n
,
th
er
eb
y
e
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
co
n
s
i
s
ten
c
y
.
T
h
e
S
y
s
m
e
x
XN
1000
e
m
p
lo
y
s
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
s
u
c
h
as
m
u
lti
-
a
n
g
le
lase
r
lig
h
t
s
ca
t
ter
in
g
an
d
f
lo
w
c
y
to
m
etr
y
,
en
ab
li
n
g
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
C
o
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
l
y
,
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
co
u
n
ts
w
er
e
v
a
lid
ated
m
an
u
all
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
h
e
m
o
c
y
to
m
e
ter
,
w
h
ic
h
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
s
y
s
te
m
at
ic
d
ilu
tio
n
a
n
d
m
i
cr
o
s
co
p
ic
co
u
n
tin
g
.
T
h
is
d
u
al
-
m
eth
o
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
ass
u
r
es
d
ata
r
eliab
ilit
y
b
u
t
also
m
it
ig
ate
s
v
ar
ia
b
ilit
y
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
r
o
b
u
s
t
esti
m
ates
of
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
c
lin
ical
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
.
2
.
7
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
In
th
e
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
of
h
ea
v
y
m
e
tal
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
ate
p
esti
c
id
e
r
esid
u
es
in
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
a
m
p
les
f
r
o
m
J
en
ep
o
n
to
C
it
y
,
q
u
an
ti
f
icat
i
o
n
w
a
s
ac
h
ie
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
est
ab
lis
h
ed
an
al
y
tical
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies,
s
p
ec
i
f
icall
y
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
d
etec
ted
le
v
els
ag
ai
n
s
t
p
er
m
i
s
s
ib
le
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
s
as
d
elin
ea
ted
by
W
o
r
ld
Hea
lth
Or
g
an
izatio
n
(
W
HO
)
an
d
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l
P
r
o
tectio
n
Ag
e
n
c
y
(
E
P
A
)
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
an
al
y
s
is
u
t
ilized
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
o
r
p
r
ev
ale
n
ce
d
ata,
w
h
ile
P
ea
r
s
o
n
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
f
ac
ili
tated
th
e
s
t
atis
t
ica
l
r
el
ati
o
n
s
h
i
p
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
b
etw
ee
n
ly
m
p
h
o
cy
te
c
o
u
n
ts
,
an
em
ia
s
ta
tu
s
,
an
d
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
lev
e
ls
.
T
h
is
m
u
ltif
ac
et
e
d
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
in
te
r
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
n
ess
of
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
t
am
in
an
ts
an
d
th
ei
r
p
o
t
en
tial
h
ea
lth
im
p
ac
ts
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
n
e
ed
f
o
r
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
in
t
er
v
en
ti
o
n
s
t
r
a
teg
ies
in
u
r
b
an
s
e
ttin
g
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
of
t
h
e
ex
a
m
i
n
atio
n
of
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
co
n
ten
t
in
w
ater
an
d
s
o
il
at
v
ar
io
u
s
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
etals
an
a
l
y
ze
d
in
cl
u
d
ed
co
p
p
er
(
C
u
)
,
zin
c
(
Z
n
)
,
C
d
,
m
a
n
g
an
e
s
e
(
Mn
)
,
c
h
r
o
m
i
u
m
(
C
r
)
,
P
b
,
co
b
alt,
n
ick
el,
an
d
ar
s
e
n
ic
.
E
ac
h
m
eta
l
h
ad
a
d
if
f
er
en
t
e
x
a
m
in
at
io
n
v
a
lu
e
at
ea
c
h
lo
ca
tio
n
,
as
w
ell
as
a
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e
s
et
f
o
r
w
ater
an
d
s
o
il.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
th
e
lev
el
of
h
e
av
y
m
etal
p
o
ll
u
tio
n
an
d
its
i
m
p
ac
t
on
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
h
u
m
an
h
ea
lt
h
.
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
a
te
p
esti
cid
e
r
esid
u
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
s
o
il
an
d
w
ate
r
s
a
m
p
les
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
lo
ca
t
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
tab
le
i
n
cl
u
d
es
s
ev
er
al
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
p
es
ticid
es
(
n
a
m
el
y
d
iazi
n
o
n
,
m
et
h
id
atio
n
,
c
h
lo
r
p
y
r
if
a
te,
m
alath
io
n
,
p
r
o
f
en
o
f
o
s
,
f
e
n
itro
t
h
io
n
,
an
d
p
ar
ath
i
on
)
an
d
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
d
etec
ted
in
w
a
ter
an
d
s
o
il
s
am
p
les
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
s
et
f
o
r
ea
ch
ty
p
e
o
f
p
esti
cid
e.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
m
o
s
t
s
a
m
p
les
e
x
ce
ed
ed
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
th
r
es
h
o
ld
s
f
o
r
p
esti
cid
e
r
esid
u
e
s
,
in
d
icati
n
g
p
o
ten
t
ial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
ta
m
in
a
tio
n
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
in
v
est
ig
atio
n
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
ass
es
s
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
lo
ca
l
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
an
d
h
u
m
a
n
h
ea
l
th
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
in
ter
m
s
o
f
g
en
d
er
,
th
er
e
w
er
e
3
5
%
m
ales
an
d
6
5
%
f
em
a
les
in
th
e
s
a
m
p
le.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
a
g
e,
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
ity
o
f
th
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
en
t
s
(
7
1
%)
w
er
e
ag
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
1
2
-
2
5
y
ea
r
s
.
He
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
s
tatu
s
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
7
9
%
o
f
f
e
m
ales
w
er
e
a
n
e
m
ic,
w
h
ile
6
7
%
o
f
m
ales
al
s
o
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
th
e
s
a
m
e
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
a
h
i
g
h
p
r
ev
alen
ce
o
f
an
e
m
ia
i
n
b
o
th
s
ex
e
s
,
w
it
h
a
lar
g
er
p
r
o
p
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tio
n
o
f
f
e
m
ale
s
.
T
h
e
ly
m
p
h
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y
te
s
tatu
s
s
h
o
w
ed
th
a
t
7
5
%
o
f
f
e
m
ales
a
n
d
7
8
%
o
f
m
ales
h
a
d
l
y
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p
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o
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y
te
d
e
f
icie
n
c
y
,
w
h
ich
m
a
y
in
d
icate
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
7
1
8
-
731
722
b
r
o
ad
e
r
h
ea
l
th
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
e
s
e
d
ata
ar
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
t
h
e
h
ea
lt
h
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
ied
p
o
p
u
latio
n
an
d
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as t
h
e
b
asis
f
o
r
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lt
h
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
tatis
tical
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
s
tat
u
s
,
a
n
e
m
ia
s
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tu
s
,
an
d
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ea
v
y
m
eta
l
lev
els
th
r
o
u
g
h
P
ea
r
s
o
n
’
s
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t.
Of
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
an
al
y
ze
d
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
n
a
m
el
y
‘
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
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d
e
f
icie
n
c
y
’
a
n
d
‘
a
n
e
m
ia
s
ta
tu
s
’
,
ea
ch
a
s
s
o
ci
ated
w
i
th
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
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h
ea
v
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m
etal
s
.
Fo
r
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
d
ef
icie
n
c
y
,
it
w
as
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
C
u
lev
e
ls
h
ad
a
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
0
.
4
5
w
it
h
a
s
i
g
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if
ican
ce
v
alu
e
o
f
p
=0
.
0
3
,
w
h
ile
P
b
h
ad
a
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ig
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er
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
ici
en
t
o
f
0
.
5
0
w
it
h
p
=0
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0
1
.
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n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
an
e
m
ia,
Z
n
le
v
els
s
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o
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ed
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co
r
r
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o
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ef
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icie
n
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o
f
0
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4
2
w
it
h
p
=0
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4
,
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d
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d
s
h
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ed
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e
m
o
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s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
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co
r
r
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n
,
w
it
h
a
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
f
0
.
5
5
an
d
p
=0
.
0
0
2
.
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h
e
lo
w
p
-
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
v
ar
iab
le
in
d
icate
t
h
at
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
l
y
m
p
h
o
cy
te
s
tat
u
s
an
d
an
e
m
ia
to
t
h
e
i
d
en
tifie
d
h
ea
v
y
m
etals
i
s
s
ta
ti
s
ticall
y
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t.
Oth
er
h
e
a
v
y
m
eta
ls
n
o
t
m
e
n
ti
o
n
ed
d
id
n
o
t sh
o
w
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
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t
w
a
s
f
o
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n
d
t
h
at
t
h
e
C
u
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
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n
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ater
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en
er
all
y
r
an
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
0
.
0
0
3
m
g
/
L
to
0
.
0
0
5
m
g
/
L
.
Me
an
w
h
ile
,
its
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
i
n
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o
il
ca
n
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e
as
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i
g
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a
s
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5
0
.
7
6
m
g
/
k
g
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s
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g
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f
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o
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ld
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f
1
.
0
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g
/
L
f
o
r
w
ater
an
d
5
0
m
g
/k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
d
is
cr
ep
an
c
y
in
d
icate
s
th
at
w
h
ile
lev
el
s
o
f
C
u
i
n
aq
u
atic
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
r
elati
v
el
y
lo
w
,
m
u
c
h
h
ig
h
er
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
i
n
s
o
il
p
r
ese
n
t
an
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
ce
r
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
it
s
p
o
te
n
tial a
cc
u
m
u
lat
io
n
an
d
to
x
icit
y
in
ter
r
estrial
o
r
g
a
n
i
s
m
s
[
1
2
]
.
T
ab
le
1.
R
esu
lts
of
th
e
t
y
p
es
of
m
e
tals
p
r
esen
t
in
s
o
il
an
d
w
a
ter
M
e
t
a
l
t
y
p
e
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
a
mp
l
e
t
y
p
e
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
W
a
t
e
r
(
mg
/
L
)
S
o
i
l
(
mg
/
k
g
)
T
h
r
e
sh
o
l
d
v
a
l
u
e
of
me
t
a
l
t
y
p
e
s
in
w
a
t
e
r
(
mg
/
L
)
T
h
r
e
sh
o
l
d
v
a
l
u
e
s
f
o
r
t
y
p
e
s
of
me
t
a
l
s
in
so
i
l
(
mg
/
k
g
)
Cu
1
0
.
0
0
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1
5
0
.
7
6
1
.
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2
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1
3
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7
6
4
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1
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1
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6
3
5
0
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6
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1
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1
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4
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1
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7
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1
6
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1
4
0
.
0
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3
.
6
6
5
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0
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3
.
1
8
Pb
1
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1
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6
6
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9
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6
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5
20
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7
7
3
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3
1
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6
4
0
.
0
0
3
3
.
7
7
5
0
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0
0
3
6
.
5
3
Ni
1
0
.
0
0
5
4
.
1
6
0
.
0
2
50
2
0
.
0
0
7
2
.
7
7
3
0
.
0
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7
1
.
9
6
4
0
.
0
0
6
3
.
7
7
5
0
.
0
0
1
6
.
5
3
As
1
0
.
0
0
4
4
.
6
6
0
.
0
1
0
.
1
2
0
.
0
0
4
3
.
7
8
3
0
.
0
0
3
9
.
7
6
4
0
.
0
0
5
8
.
7
6
5
0
.
0
0
7
5
.
0
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
I
mp
a
ct
o
f h
e
a
vy
meta
l a
n
d
p
es
ticid
e
co
n
ta
min
a
tio
n
in
w
a
ter a
n
d
s
o
il o
n
h
emo
g
lo
b
in
…
(
A
r
ta
ti A
r
ta
ti
)
723
T
ab
le
2.
P
esti
cid
e
r
esu
lts
in
s
o
il
an
d
w
a
ter
s
a
m
p
le
s
O
r
g
a
n
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
a
t
e
p
e
st
i
c
i
d
e
s
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
a
mp
l
e
t
yp
e
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
W
a
t
e
r
(
mg
/
L
)
L
a
n
d
(
mg
/
k
g
)
P
e
st
i
c
i
d
e
t
h
r
e
sh
o
l
d
i
n
w
a
t
e
r
(
mg
/
L
)
P
e
st
i
c
i
d
e
t
h
r
e
sh
o
l
d
i
n
so
i
l
(
mg
/
k
g
)
D
i
a
z
i
n
o
n
1
<
0
.
0
0
2
7
<
0
.
0
0
2
7
0
.
1
10
2
<
0
.
0
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.
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0
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t
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i
d
a
t
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C
h
l
o
r
p
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r
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f
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1
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a
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1
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r
o
f
e
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o
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o
s
1
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0
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F
e
n
i
t
r
o
t
h
i
o
n
1
<
0
.
0
0
2
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0
.
0
0
2
0
.
1
0
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0
5
2
<
0
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0
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0
.
0
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2
3
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0
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0
0
2
<
0
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0
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4
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0
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0
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5
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0
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0
0
2
<
0
.
0
0
2
P
a
r
a
t
h
i
o
n
1
<
0
.
0
0
3
4
<
0
.
0
0
3
4
0
.
1
0
.
0
1
2
<
0
.
0
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3
4
<
0
.
0
0
3
4
3
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0
.
0
0
3
4
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0
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0
0
3
4
4
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0
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0
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0
.
0
0
3
4
5
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0
.
0
0
3
4
<
0
.
0
0
3
4
T
ab
le
3.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
of
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
a
m
p
le
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
n
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
G
e
n
d
e
r
M
a
n
1
4
7
35
W
o
m
a
n
2
7
1
65
A
g
e
(
y
e
a
r
s
)
12
-
25
2
9
6
71
25
-
45
1
2
2
29
H
B
st
a
t
u
s
f
o
r
w
o
me
n
A
n
e
m
i
a
2
1
3
79
N
o
n
-
a
n
e
m
i
c
58
21
H
b
st
a
t
u
s fo
r
me
n
A
n
e
m
i
a
98
67
N
o
n
-
a
n
e
mi
c
49
33
L
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
t
e
s
t
a
t
u
s
i
n
w
o
me
n
L
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
t
e
d
e
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
2
0
2
75
N
o
r
m
a
l
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
t
e
s
69
25
L
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
t
e
s
t
a
t
u
s
i
n
m
e
n
L
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
t
e
d
e
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
1
1
4
78
N
o
r
m
a
l
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
t
e
s
33
22
T
ab
le
4.
S
ta
t
is
t
ica
l
r
el
at
io
n
s
h
i
p
b
et
w
e
e
n
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
t
e
s
t
at
u
s
,
an
e
m
i
a
s
ta
t
u
s
,
a
n
d
h
ea
v
y
m
e
t
al
le
v
el
s
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
H
e
a
v
y
m
e
t
a
l
t
y
pe
C
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
(r)
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
c
e
(p
-
v
a
l
u
e
)
95%
CI
Ef
f
e
c
t
si
z
e
(
r
²)
Ly
mp
h
o
c
y
t
e
d
e
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
Cu
0
.
4
5
0
.
0
3
(
0
.
1
0
,
0
.
7
0
)
0
.
2
0
Pb
0
.
5
0
0
.
0
1
(
0
.
1
5
,
0
.
7
5
)
0
.
2
5
A
n
e
mi
a
st
a
t
u
s
Zn
0
.
4
2
0
.
0
4
(
0
.
0
5
,
0
.
6
5
)
0
.
1
8
Cd
0
.
5
5
0
.
0
0
2
(
0
.
2
5
,
0
.
8
0
)
0
.
3
0
P
e
a
r
s
o
n
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
N
o
t
e
:
H
e
a
v
y
M
e
t
a
l
Ty
p
e
s
n
o
t
l
i
st
e
d
do
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
a
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
sh
i
p
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
in
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ea
l
s
th
at
w
h
ile
C
u
is
ess
e
n
tia
l
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
b
io
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
i
m
m
u
n
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
ex
ce
s
s
C
u
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ca
n
P
b
to
b
io
l
o
g
ical
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
i
n
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
tic
ac
tiv
i
t
y
.
C
u
’
s
r
o
le
i
n
b
io
lo
g
ical
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
s
is
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t,
f
ac
ilit
ati
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
te
g
r
al
to
ce
llu
lar
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
s
u
c
h
as
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
ac
tiv
it
y
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
i
m
m
u
n
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
[
1
2
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
7
1
8
-
731
724
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
ex
ce
s
s
i
v
e
C
u
co
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
s
ca
n
d
is
r
u
p
t
h
e
m
at
o
p
o
iesi
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
b
lo
o
d
c
ell
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
lead
in
g
to
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
in
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
(
R
B
C
)
c
o
u
n
t
s
an
d
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
lev
el
s
[
1
2
]
.
E
lev
ated
C
u
lev
els
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
i
m
p
air
ed
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
d
i
m
i
n
i
s
h
e
s
th
e
i
m
m
u
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
co
m
b
at
in
f
ec
t
io
n
s
.
R
esear
ch
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
at
C
u
p
lay
s
a
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
lif
er
atio
n
an
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiatio
n
o
f
T
ce
lls
,
as
w
ell
as
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
in
t
er
leu
k
i
n
-
2
(
I
L
-
2
)
,
w
h
ic
h
is
cr
itical
f
o
r
ad
ap
tiv
e
i
m
m
u
n
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es [
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
ac
cu
m
u
lat
io
n
of
Cu
in
ag
r
icu
l
tu
r
al
s
o
il
d
u
e
to
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
of
Cu
-
b
ased
f
er
ti
lizer
s
an
d
p
esti
cid
es
p
o
s
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
an
d
h
ea
lt
h
r
is
k
s
.
R
esear
ch
in
d
icate
s
th
a
t
Cu
t
en
d
s
to
ac
cu
m
u
late
m
ai
n
l
y
in
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
lay
er
s
of
s
o
il,
w
h
er
e
it
is
m
o
s
t
a
f
f
e
cted
by
a
g
r
icu
l
tu
r
al
p
r
ac
tices
s
u
c
h
as
f
u
n
g
icid
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
th
er
eb
y
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
it
s
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
a
n
d
ex
ac
er
b
atin
g
p
o
ten
tial
to
x
icit
y
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
L
o
n
g
-
ter
m
u
s
a
g
e
of
th
e
s
e
f
u
n
g
icid
es,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
l
y
in
v
itic
u
ltu
r
e,
h
as
l
ed
to
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
lev
el
s
of
Cu
ac
c
u
m
u
latio
n
t
h
at
ad
v
er
s
el
y
a
f
f
ec
t
s
o
il
h
ea
lt
h
a
n
d
aq
u
atic
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
i
m
p
licatio
n
s
of
Cu
to
x
ic
it
y
in
cr
o
p
s
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
th
e
u
r
g
e
n
t
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
tr
ate
g
ie
s
th
at
b
alan
ce
ag
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
al
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
w
it
h
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
af
et
y
[
1
6
]
.
E
lev
ated
Cu
l
ev
els
in
s
o
il
can
s
ev
er
el
y
i
m
p
ac
t
cr
o
p
y
ield
an
d
q
u
alit
y
,
f
u
r
t
h
er
e
m
p
h
asizi
n
g
t
h
e
n
ec
es
s
it
y
f
o
r
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
le
a
g
r
icu
l
tu
r
al
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
to
m
iti
g
ate
t
h
ese
r
is
k
s
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
t
h
e
Zn
co
n
ten
t
in
w
ater
r
an
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
0
.
0
1
0
m
g
/
L
to
0
.
0
1
4
m
g
/
L
,
w
it
h
a
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e
s
et
at
0
.
0
1
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
w
a
ter
an
d
3
0
0
m
g
/
k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
of
Zn
in
s
o
il
s
h
o
w
ed
a
h
ig
h
er
v
alu
e,
w
it
h
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
alu
e
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
1
0
1
.
5
5
m
g
/k
g
.
Zn
p
la
y
s
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
v
ar
io
u
s
b
i
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
s
y
n
th
e
s
is
.
He
m
o
g
lo
b
in
is
a
p
r
o
tei
n
in
R
B
C
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tin
g
o
x
y
g
e
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
b
o
d
y
.
Zn
ac
c
u
m
u
latio
n
ca
n
o
cc
u
r
in
aq
u
atic
b
io
ta
tis
s
u
e
s
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
of
Zn
in
t
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
,
w
h
ic
h
can
af
f
ec
t
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
f
u
n
ct
io
n
.
R
esear
c
h
h
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
Zn
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
ch
a
n
g
e
s
in
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
of
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
,
w
h
ic
h
in
tu
r
n
can
i
n
ter
f
er
e
w
i
th
o
x
y
g
e
n
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
an
d
ca
u
s
e
h
y
p
o
x
ia
in
aq
u
at
ic
o
r
g
an
is
m
s
.
In
ad
d
itio
n
,
Zn
p
lay
s
a
r
o
le
in
t
h
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
of
t
h
e
i
m
m
u
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
of
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
s
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
ce
lls
in
th
e
i
m
m
u
n
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
of
t
h
e
b
o
d
y
.
E
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
Zn
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
can
in
ter
f
er
e
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
of
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
s
,
th
er
eb
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
o
r
g
an
is
m
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
f
i
g
h
t
in
f
ec
tio
n
an
d
d
is
ea
s
e
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
of
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
Zn
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
in
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
ca
n
n
o
t
be
o
v
er
s
t
ated
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
its
p
o
ten
tia
l
i
m
p
ac
t
on
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
h
ea
lt
h
.
Ot
h
er
s
tu
d
ie
s
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
Zn
ac
cu
m
u
lat
io
n
in
aq
u
atic
b
io
t
a
can
ca
u
s
e
s
er
io
u
s
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
ch
a
n
g
es
in
b
lo
o
d
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
a
n
d
i
m
m
u
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
r
e
g
u
lar
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
of
Zn
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
in
w
ater
an
d
s
o
il
is
ess
e
n
tial
to
p
r
ev
en
t
n
eg
at
iv
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
on
t
h
e
h
ea
lth
of
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
is
m
s
th
at
d
ep
en
d
on
t
h
es
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
Cd
is
also
a
m
aj
o
r
co
n
ce
r
n
,
w
i
th
test
v
al
u
es
in
t
h
e
w
ater
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
0
0
2
to
0
.
0
0
7
m
g
/
L
,
an
d
th
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
li
m
it
f
o
r
w
ater
is
0
.
0
0
5
m
g
/
L
.
In
th
e
s
o
il,
th
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
li
m
it
f
o
r
Cd
is
s
et
at
0
.
5
m
g
/k
g
.
Cd
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
h
as
b
ee
n
li
n
k
ed
to
v
ar
io
u
s
to
x
ico
lo
g
ical
e
f
f
ec
ts
,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
l
y
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
of
h
e
m
a
to
lo
g
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
a
n
d
i
m
m
u
n
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Ot
h
er
s
t
u
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
Cd
ca
n
i
n
d
u
ce
ap
o
p
to
s
is
in
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
s
,
lead
i
n
g
to
a
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
in
th
eir
p
r
o
li
f
er
atio
n
an
d
ac
ti
v
it
y
.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
la
r
l
y
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
,
as
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
s
p
la
y
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
th
e
i
m
m
u
n
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
an
d
th
eir
d
y
s
f
u
n
ct
io
n
can
Pb
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
to
in
f
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
o
th
er
d
is
ea
s
es.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
Cd
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
h
as
b
ee
n
ass
o
cia
ted
w
it
h
alter
atio
n
s
in
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
of
T
ly
m
p
h
o
cy
te
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
C
D4
+
T
ce
l
ls
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
o
r
c
h
estra
ti
n
g
i
m
m
u
n
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
of
t
h
ese
ce
l
ls
in
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
to
Cd
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
s
u
g
g
est
s
a
co
m
p
lex
in
ter
p
la
y
b
et
w
ee
n
Cd
to
x
icit
y
a
n
d
i
m
m
u
n
e
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
Cd
a
n
d
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
le
v
el
s
is
also
n
o
te
w
o
r
t
h
y
.
He
m
o
g
lo
b
in
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
tein
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
o
x
y
g
e
n
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
in
t
h
e
b
lo
o
d
,
can
be
ad
v
er
s
el
y
a
f
f
ec
ted
by
Cd
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e.
Cd
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
w
n
to
in
d
u
ce
o
x
id
ativ
e
s
tr
ess
,
w
h
ic
h
can
Pb
to
lip
i
d
p
er
o
x
id
atio
n
an
d
d
am
a
g
e
to
R
B
C
,
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
le
v
els
a
n
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
o
x
id
ativ
e
s
tr
ess
in
d
u
ce
d
by
Cd
can
d
is
r
u
p
t
t
h
e
i
n
teg
r
it
y
of
ce
ll
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
es,
lead
i
n
g
to
h
e
m
o
l
y
s
is
a
n
d
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
o
v
er
all
R
B
C
co
u
n
t,
th
er
eb
y
i
m
p
ac
t
in
g
o
x
y
g
e
n
d
eli
v
er
y
to
tis
s
u
e
s
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
is
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
t
h
e
n
ee
d
to
m
o
n
ito
r
b
o
th
Cd
lev
els
a
n
d
h
e
m
ato
lo
g
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
in
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
at
r
is
k
of
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e.
Mn
co
n
te
n
t
in
w
ater
r
an
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
0
.
0
0
5
to
0
.
0
0
7
m
g
/
L
,
w
h
e
r
ea
s
in
s
o
il,
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
r
ea
ch
es
2
.
9
1
m
g
/
k
g
.
T
h
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
Mn
in
w
ater
is
0
.
4
m
g
/
L
an
d
in
s
o
il
is
200
m
g
/
k
g
.
He
m
o
g
lo
b
in
s
y
n
t
h
es
is
r
eq
u
ir
es
v
ar
io
u
s
n
u
tr
ie
n
ts
,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
ir
o
n
,
v
ita
m
i
n
B
6
,
an
d
Mn
.
Mn
ac
ts
as
a
co
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
en
z
y
m
e
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
h
e
m
e
b
io
s
y
n
t
h
e
s
is
,
th
e
ir
on
-
co
n
tain
i
n
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
of
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
.
Mn
d
ef
icie
n
c
y
ca
n
Pb
to
im
p
air
ed
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
m
a
y
r
es
u
lt
in
a
n
e
m
ia.
Ot
h
er
Stu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
Mn
d
ef
icie
n
c
y
can
Pb
to
m
icr
o
c
y
tic
a
n
e
m
ia,
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
ze
d
by
s
m
aller
t
h
an
n
o
r
m
al
R
B
C
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
lev
e
ls
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
of
m
ain
tain
in
g
ad
eq
u
ate
Mn
le
v
els
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
a
l
er
y
t
h
r
o
p
o
iesi
s
an
d
R
B
C
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
Mn
is
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
t
h
e
an
tio
x
id
an
t
d
ef
e
n
s
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
en
z
y
m
e
Mn
s
u
p
er
o
x
id
e
d
is
m
u
tase
(
Mn
SOD)
,
w
h
ich
p
r
o
tects
ce
lls
f
r
o
m
o
x
id
ati
v
e
s
tr
ess
.
Ox
id
ati
v
e
s
tr
e
s
s
ca
n
ad
v
er
s
el
y
a
f
f
ec
t
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
lead
in
g
to
i
m
p
air
ed
i
m
m
u
n
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
E
lev
ated
lev
els
of
Mn
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
en
h
an
c
ed
im
m
u
n
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
of
ca
n
c
er
im
m
u
n
o
t
h
er
ap
y
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
I
mp
a
ct
o
f h
e
a
vy
meta
l a
n
d
p
es
ticid
e
co
n
ta
min
a
tio
n
in
w
a
ter a
n
d
s
o
il o
n
h
emo
g
lo
b
in
…
(
A
r
ta
ti A
r
ta
ti
)
725
w
h
er
e
Mn
ca
n
s
ti
m
u
late
th
e
a
ctiv
atio
n
of
d
en
d
r
itic
ce
lls
a
n
d
T
ly
m
p
h
o
c
y
tes
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
es
ts
t
h
at
Mn
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
p
la
y
s
a
r
o
le
in
m
a
in
ta
in
i
n
g
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
lev
el
s
b
u
t
al
s
o
in
m
o
d
u
la
tin
g
i
m
m
u
n
e
ce
ll
ac
ti
v
it
y
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
Cr
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
an
d
it
s
ef
f
ec
t
s
on
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
a
n
d
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
s
is
a
co
m
p
le
x
in
ter
p
la
y
th
at
in
v
o
l
v
es
v
ar
io
u
s
b
io
ch
e
m
ica
l
an
d
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
s
.
Cr
ex
is
t
s
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
in
t
w
o
o
x
id
atio
n
s
ta
tes:
tr
i
v
ale
n
t
c
h
r
o
m
iu
m
(
C
r
(
I
I
I
)
)
,
w
h
ich
is
e
s
s
en
tia
l
in
s
m
all
a
m
o
u
n
t
s
f
o
r
h
u
m
a
n
h
ea
lt
h
,
an
d
h
ex
a
v
ale
n
t
c
h
r
o
m
i
u
m
(
C
r
(
VI
)
)
,
w
h
ich
is
h
i
g
h
l
y
to
x
ic
an
d
c
ar
cin
o
g
e
n
ic
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
s
of
Cr
in
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
wate
r
an
d
s
o
il,
ar
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
ex
ten
t
of
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
h
ea
lt
h
e
f
f
ec
t
s
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
t
h
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
of
Cr
in
w
ater
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
0
.
0
0
1
m
g
/
L
to
0
.
0
0
8
m
g
/
L
,
w
h
ic
h
is
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
b
elo
w
th
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
alu
e
of
0
.
0
5
m
g
/
L
,
w
h
ile
in
s
o
il,
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
a
lu
e
r
ea
ch
ed
5
.
7
6
m
g
/
k
g
,
w
ell
b
elo
w
t
h
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
of
100
m
g
/
k
g
.
T
h
e
in
t
er
ac
tio
n
of
C
r
w
it
h
b
io
lo
g
ical
s
y
s
te
m
s
ca
n
Pb
to
o
x
id
ativ
e
s
tr
es
s
,
w
h
ic
h
is
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
f
ac
to
r
in
th
e
i
m
p
air
m
en
t
of
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
a
n
d
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
f
u
n
c
tio
n
.
Cr
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
it
s
h
e
x
a
v
alen
t
f
o
r
m
,
g
e
n
er
ates
r
ea
cti
v
e
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
p
ec
ie
s
(
R
O
S)
th
at
ca
n
d
a
m
a
g
e
ce
ll
u
lar
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
d
eo
x
y
r
ib
o
n
u
cleic
ac
id
(
DNA
)
,
p
r
o
tein
s
,
an
d
lip
id
s
[
2
5
]
.
Ox
id
ativ
e
s
tr
es
s
can
Pb
to
alter
atio
n
s
in
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
lev
e
ls
an
d
R
B
C
f
u
n
ctio
n
alit
y
.
Stu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
Cr
can
r
esu
lt
in
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
le
v
els
an
d
h
e
m
ato
cr
it,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
cr
itical
in
d
icato
r
s
of
th
e
b
lo
o
d
’
s
c
ap
ac
it
y
to
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
o
x
y
g
en
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
in
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
can
P
b
to
an
em
i
a,
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
by
f
at
ig
u
e
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
o
x
y
g
en
d
eliv
er
y
to
tis
s
u
e
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
f
u
r
t
h
er
ex
ac
er
b
ate
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
of
Cr
to
x
icit
y
[
2
7
]
.
Pb
is
o
n
e
of
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
h
ea
v
y
m
etals,
w
it
h
test
v
alu
es
in
t
h
e
w
ater
r
a
n
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
0
0
5
to
0
.
0
1
0
m
g
/
L
,
w
h
er
ea
s
in
s
o
il,
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
r
ea
ch
es
1
0
.
6
6
m
g
/k
g
.
T
h
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
alu
e
f
o
r
Pb
in
w
ater
is
0
.
0
1
m
g
/
L
,
an
d
t
h
at
in
s
o
il
is
150
m
g
/
k
g
.
Pb
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
can
ca
u
s
e
v
ar
io
u
s
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
a
n
e
m
ia,
w
h
ic
h
is
clo
s
el
y
r
elate
d
to
b
lo
o
d
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
le
v
el
s
.
He
m
o
g
lo
b
in
,
a
p
r
o
tein
f
o
u
n
d
in
R
B
C
,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
ts
o
x
y
g
e
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
b
o
d
y
.
L
o
w
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
lev
e
ls
ca
n
i
n
d
icate
a
n
e
m
ia,
w
h
ich
is
o
f
ten
ca
u
s
ed
by
th
e
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
of
h
e
m
e
s
y
n
t
h
esi
s
d
u
e
to
Pb
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e.
R
esear
ch
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
Pb
can
in
ter
f
er
e
w
i
th
t
h
e
b
io
s
y
n
t
h
esi
s
of
h
e
m
e,
w
h
ic
h
is
an
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
of
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
,
ca
u
s
in
g
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
lev
el
s
in
th
e
b
lo
o
d
[
2
8
]
.
Pb
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
can
tr
ig
g
er
h
i
g
h
er
o
x
id
ati
v
e
s
tr
ess
in
th
e
b
o
d
y
,
w
h
ic
h
can
d
am
a
g
e
R
B
C
a
n
d
ac
ce
ler
ate
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
of
h
e
m
o
ly
s
i
s
.
R
esear
c
h
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
Pb
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
can
in
cr
ea
s
e
lev
el
s
of
b
iliru
b
in
,
w
h
ich
is
a
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
p
r
o
d
u
ct
of
h
em
o
g
lo
b
in
,
alt
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
an
d
b
iliru
b
in
lev
els
in
ch
ild
r
en
w
it
h
Pb
p
o
is
o
n
in
g
s
h
o
w
s
a
w
ea
k
co
r
r
elatio
n
[
2
9
]
.
C
o
b
alt
an
d
n
ick
el
ar
e
tr
an
s
i
tio
n
m
etal
s
th
at
p
la
y
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
o
les
in
b
io
lo
g
ical
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
r
elatio
n
to
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
an
d
ly
m
p
h
o
c
y
tes.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
of
th
e
s
e
m
etals
in
w
a
ter
,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
0
0
1
m
g
/
L
to
0
.
0
0
3
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
co
b
alt
an
d
0
.
0
0
1
m
g
/
L
to
0
.
0
0
7
m
g
/L
f
o
r
n
ick
e
l
,
ar
e
n
o
tab
l
y
b
elo
w
t
h
e
estab
lis
h
ed
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
alu
es
of
0
.
0
5
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
co
b
alt
an
d
0
.
0
2
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
n
ick
e
l
.
He
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
,
o
x
y
g
en
-
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
p
r
o
tein
in
R
B
C
,
ca
n
be
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
by
tr
ac
e
m
etal
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
co
b
alt.
C
o
b
alt
io
n
s
ca
n
m
i
m
ic
th
e
ir
o
n
in
th
e
h
e
m
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
of
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
,
p
o
ten
tiall
y
lead
i
n
g
to
alter
ed
o
x
y
g
en
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
St
u
d
i
es
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
co
b
alt
can
en
h
an
ce
er
y
th
r
o
p
o
iesi
s
a
n
d
R
B
C
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
by
s
ti
m
u
la
tin
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
of
er
y
t
h
r
o
p
o
ietin
,
a
h
o
r
m
o
n
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
by
t
h
e
k
id
n
e
y
s
th
a
t
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
R
B
C
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
ex
ce
s
s
i
v
e
co
b
alt
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ca
n
Pb
to
to
x
icit
y
,
r
es
u
lt
in
g
in
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
p
o
l
y
c
y
t
h
e
m
ia,
in
w
h
ich
t
h
er
e
is
an
ab
n
o
r
m
al
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
R
B
C
,
w
h
ic
h
can
in
cr
ea
s
e
b
lo
o
d
v
is
co
s
it
y
a
n
d
Pb
to
ca
r
d
io
v
ascu
lar
co
m
p
lica
tio
n
s
.
In
co
n
tr
ast,
n
ick
el
h
as
b
ee
n
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
i
m
m
u
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
,
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
l
y
in
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
s
.
Ni
ck
el
e
x
p
o
s
u
re
ca
n
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
ex
ce
s
s
i
v
e
co
b
alt
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ca
n
P
b
to
to
x
icit
y
,
r
esu
lt
in
g
i
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
ch
a
s
p
o
l
y
c
y
t
h
e
m
ia,
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
er
e
is
a
n
ab
n
o
r
m
al
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
R
B
C
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
b
lo
o
d
v
is
co
s
it
y
a
n
d
P
b
to
s
en
s
itizatio
n
an
d
aller
g
ic
r
ea
ctio
n
s
m
ed
iated
by
T
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
s
.
T
h
is
s
en
s
itizatio
n
can
m
an
i
f
e
s
t
as
c
o
n
tact
d
er
m
ati
tis
in
in
d
iv
id
u
als
aller
g
ic
to
n
ick
e
l.
T
h
is
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
in
v
o
l
v
es
t
h
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
of
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
s
,
w
h
ich
r
esp
o
n
d
to
n
ick
e
l
as
a
h
ap
ten
,
lead
i
n
g
to
an
i
m
m
u
n
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
t
h
at
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
in
f
la
m
m
atio
n
an
d
s
k
i
n
le
s
io
n
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
n
ic
k
el
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
h
o
w
n
to
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
l
y
m
p
h
o
cy
te
p
r
o
lif
er
atio
n
a
n
d
c
y
to
k
i
n
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
i
m
m
u
n
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
[
3
0
]
.
A
r
s
en
ic
s
h
o
w
ed
a
t
est
v
alu
e
in
w
ater
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
0
0
3
to
0
.
0
0
7
m
g
/L
,
w
ith
th
e
th
r
esh
o
l
d
v
alu
e
f
o
r
w
ater
s
et
at
0
.
0
1
m
g
/L
.
R
esear
ch
h
as
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
ar
s
en
i
c
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
c
an
ca
u
s
e
a
d
e
cr
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
of
R
B
C
an
d
h
em
o
g
lo
b
in
.
P
r
o
l
o
n
g
e
d
a
r
s
en
ic
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
le
d
to
l
o
w
w
h
ite
b
lo
o
d
c
ell
co
u
n
ts
in
A
f
r
ican
ca
tf
is
h
,
s
u
g
g
est
in
g
th
at
ar
s
en
ic
m
ay
in
h
ib
it
WBC
m
atu
r
ati
o
n
an
d
a
d
v
e
r
s
e
ly
af
f
ec
t
h
em
ato
p
o
iesi
s
,
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
ly
by
i
m
p
ac
tin
g
th
e
k
id
n
ey
,
a
v
it
al
s
ite
f
o
r
b
l
o
o
d
c
ell
p
r
o
d
u
cti
o
n
[
3
1
]
.
A
r
s
en
ic
c
an
c
au
s
e
d
y
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
of
r
eg
u
l
ato
r
y
T
ce
lls
,
w
h
ich
p
lay
a
r
o
l
e
in
m
ain
tain
in
g
im
m
u
n
e
h
o
m
eo
s
tas
is
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
a
t,
ev
en
if
ar
s
en
ic
le
v
els
in
w
ater
do
not
ex
ce
e
d
est
ab
lis
h
e
d
l
im
its
,
th
e
c
u
m
u
lativ
e
im
p
ac
t
of
ar
s
en
ic
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
m
a
y
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
ex
c
ess
i
v
e
c
o
b
alt
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ca
n
Pb
t
o
to
x
i
city
,
r
esu
l
tin
g
i
n
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
s
u
ch
as
p
o
ly
cy
th
em
ia,
in
w
h
ich
th
er
e
is
an
a
b
n
o
r
m
al
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
R
B
C
,
w
h
ich
ca
n
in
c
r
ea
s
e
b
l
o
o
d
v
is
c
o
s
ity
an
d
Pb
to
d
e
c
r
e
ase
d
im
m
u
n
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
w
h
ich
m
a
y
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
d
su
s
ce
p
t
ib
ilit
y
to
i
n
f
ec
ti
o
n
an
d
d
is
ea
s
e.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
ar
s
en
ic
’
s
d
et
r
im
en
tal
im
p
ac
t
on
T
-
ce
l
l
co
m
p
o
s
iti
o
n
an
d
f
u
n
cti
o
n
p
o
ten
tia
lly
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
r
is
k
of
d
ev
e
lo
p
in
g
au
t
o
im
m
u
n
e
d
i
s
ea
s
es
d
u
e
to
an
im
b
alan
ce
in
th
e
im
m
u
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
r
eg
u
lat
o
r
y
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
[
3
3
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
ex
p
la
in
s
h
o
w
m
etal
-
in
d
u
c
ed
o
x
i
d
ativ
e
s
t
r
ess
p
a
th
w
a
y
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
6
:
7
1
8
-
731
726
Fig
u
r
e
2.
Me
tal
-
i
n
d
u
ce
d
o
x
id
a
tiv
e
s
tr
e
s
s
p
ath
w
a
y
s
[3
4
]
Me
tals
an
d
p
est
icid
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
h
o
w
n
to
ad
v
er
s
el
y
a
f
f
e
ct
h
e
m
ato
p
o
iesi
s
a
n
d
i
m
m
u
n
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ar
io
u
s
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
.
Hea
v
y
m
eta
ls
f
r
o
m
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ca
n
Ho
w
e
v
e
r
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
ca
u
s
e
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
co
b
alt
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ca
n
P
b
to
to
x
icit
y
,
r
es
u
lti
n
g
i
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
p
o
l
y
c
y
t
h
e
m
ia
,
in
w
h
ic
h
t
h
er
e
is
an
ab
n
o
r
m
al
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
R
B
C
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
b
lo
o
d
v
is
co
s
it
y
an
d
P
b
to
b
o
n
e
m
ar
r
o
w
i
m
p
a
ir
m
e
n
t
,
ca
u
s
i
n
g
r
ed
u
ce
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
R
B
C
s
an
d
o
th
er
h
e
m
a
to
lo
g
i
ca
l
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
to
x
icit
y
f
r
o
m
m
etal
s
f
o
u
n
d
in
leac
h
ate
h
as
b
ee
n
lin
k
ed
to
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
am
ag
e
to
R
B
C
a
n
d
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
t
b
o
n
e
m
ar
r
o
w
f
ail
u
r
e
d
u
e
to
th
eir
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
w
it
h
p
r
o
tein
s
ess
e
n
tial
f
o
r
h
e
m
a
to
p
o
iesi
s
[
3
5
]
.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
m
etal
s
g
en
er
ate
s
R
OS,
w
h
ic
h
d
is
r
u
p
ts
h
e
m
ato
p
o
iesi
s
,
as
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
ated
in
s
tu
d
ies
n
o
tin
g
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
h
e
m
ato
lo
g
ical
in
d
ices,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
R
B
C
co
u
n
t
s
an
d
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
co
n
te
n
t [
3
6
].
Or
g
an
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
ate
p
esti
cid
e
s
s
u
c
h
as
d
iazi
n
o
n
a
n
d
ch
lo
r
p
y
r
if
o
s
ar
e
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
in
a
g
r
i
cu
lt
u
r
e
to
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ests
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
u
s
e
of
th
e
s
e
p
esti
c
id
es
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
p
o
ll
u
tio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
s
o
il
s
an
d
w
ater
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
In
t
h
e
tab
le
,
it
can
be
s
ee
n
t
h
at
f
o
r
d
iazin
o
n
,
all
lo
ca
tio
n
s
s
h
o
w
ed
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
b
elo
w
t
h
e
estab
lis
h
ed
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
w
h
ic
h
is
<0
.
0
0
2
7
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
w
a
ter
an
d
<0
.
0
0
2
7
m
g
/
k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il,
w
h
ile
th
e
estab
li
s
h
ed
th
r
es
h
o
ld
is
0
.
1
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
w
a
ter
an
d
10
m
g
/
k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
of
d
iazin
o
n
in
t
h
ese
lo
ca
tio
n
s
d
o
es
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
s
a
f
e
li
m
it
s
,
b
u
t
s
til
l
n
ee
d
s
to
be
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
r
esid
u
e
ac
cu
m
u
lat
io
n
in
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Me
th
id
atio
n
a
ls
o
s
h
o
w
ed
s
i
m
ilar
r
es
u
lts
,
w
ith
all
w
ater
an
d
s
o
il
s
a
m
p
les
b
elo
w
t
h
e
estab
lis
h
ed
th
r
es
h
o
ld
,
w
h
ic
h
w
as
<0
.
0
0
3
4
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
w
ater
an
d
<0
.
0
0
3
4
m
g
/
k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il,
w
i
th
t
h
e
e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
b
ein
g
0
.
0
1
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
w
ater
an
d
0
.
0
1
m
g
/
k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
ev
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
o
x
i
d
atio
n
w
as
u
s
ed
,
its
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
d
i
d
n
o
t
s
h
o
w
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
is
k
of
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
at
t
h
e
ti
m
e
of
test
in
g
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
it
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
o
te
t
h
at
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
of
th
is
p
esti
c
id
e
can
be
p
o
ten
tiall
y
h
ar
m
f
u
l
to
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
h
u
m
an
h
ea
lt
h
.
C
h
lo
r
p
y
r
i
f
ate,
on
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
s
h
o
w
ed
d
etec
tab
le
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
in
w
ater
s
a
m
p
les
,
w
ith
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
v
al
u
e
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
0
.
0
0
3
9
m
g
/
L
,
w
h
er
ea
s
all
s
o
il
s
a
m
p
l
es
s
h
o
w
ed
v
al
u
es
<0
.
0
0
1
4
m
g
/k
g
.
T
h
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
f
o
r
C
h
lo
r
p
y
r
i
f
ate
is
0
.
1
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
w
ater
an
d
0
.
0
1
m
g
/
k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il
[
3
9
]
.
A
lth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
v
al
u
es
in
th
e
s
o
il
w
er
e
n
o
t
d
etec
ted
,
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
of
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
in
w
ater
i
n
d
icate
s
th
at
t
h
er
e
is
a
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
of
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
t
h
at
n
ee
d
s
to
be
ad
d
r
ess
ed
,
esp
ec
ia
ll
y
if
ch
lo
r
p
y
r
i
f
o
s
u
s
e
co
n
ti
n
u
es
in
t
h
e
ar
ea
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
I
mp
a
ct
o
f h
e
a
vy
meta
l a
n
d
p
es
ticid
e
co
n
ta
min
a
tio
n
in
w
a
ter a
n
d
s
o
il o
n
h
emo
g
lo
b
in
…
(
A
r
ta
ti A
r
ta
ti
)
727
Ma
lath
io
n
,
w
h
ich
is
al
s
o
an
o
r
g
an
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
ate
p
esti
cid
e,
s
h
o
w
ed
s
i
m
ilar
r
esu
lts
,
w
i
th
a
ll
w
ater
a
n
d
s
o
il
s
a
m
p
les
b
elo
w
th
e
estab
l
is
h
ed
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
s
of
<0
.
0
0
2
9
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
w
ater
an
d
<0
.
0
0
2
9
m
g
/k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il
.
T
h
e
estab
lis
h
ed
th
r
es
h
o
ld
s
w
er
e
0
.
1
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
w
a
ter
an
d
0
.
0
1
m
g
/k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il
[
4
0
]
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
ev
e
n
t
h
o
u
g
h
m
alat
h
io
n
w
as
u
s
ed
,
its
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
d
id
n
o
t
p
r
esen
t
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
r
is
k
of
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
at
th
e
ti
m
e
t
h
e
test
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
.
P
r
o
f
en
o
f
o
s
an
d
f
en
i
tr
o
tio
n
s
h
o
w
ed
s
i
m
i
lar
r
esu
lts
,
w
it
h
all
s
a
m
p
les
b
elo
w
t
h
e
estab
lis
h
ed
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
Fo
r
p
r
o
f
en
o
f
o
s
,
all
s
a
m
p
le
s
s
h
o
w
ed
<0
.
0
0
3
4
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
w
ater
an
d
<0
.
0
0
3
4
m
g
/
k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il,
w
h
ile
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
w
a
s
0
.
1
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
w
ater
an
d
0
.
0
5
m
g
/
k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il.
Fen
itro
tio
n
also
s
h
o
w
ed
s
i
m
ilar
r
es
u
lt
s
,
w
it
h
all
s
a
m
p
le
s
b
elo
w
th
e
estab
li
s
h
ed
th
r
es
h
o
ld
,
w
h
ic
h
w
a
s
<0
.
0
0
2
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
w
a
ter
an
d
<0
.
0
0
2
m
g
/
k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il,
w
it
h
th
e
estab
lis
h
ed
th
r
es
h
o
ld
b
ein
g
0
.
1
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
w
ater
an
d
0
.
0
5
m
g
/k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il
[
4
1
]
.
P
ar
ath
io
n
,
w
h
ic
h
is
an
o
t
h
er
p
esti
cid
e
in
th
i
s
ca
te
g
o
r
y
,
also
s
h
o
w
ed
s
i
m
ilar
r
es
u
lt
s
,
w
it
h
a
ll
s
a
m
p
le
s
b
elo
w
th
e
estab
li
s
h
ed
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
of
<0
.
0
0
3
4
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
w
at
er
an
d
<0
.
0
0
3
4
mg
/
k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il
.
T
h
e
estab
lis
h
ed
th
r
es
h
o
ld
w
as
0
.
1
m
g
/
L
f
o
r
wate
r
an
d
0
.
0
1
m
g
/
k
g
f
o
r
s
o
il
[
4
2
]
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
u
s
e
of
p
ar
ath
io
n
in
t
h
ese
lo
ca
tio
n
s
d
o
es
n
o
t
e
x
ce
ed
s
a
f
e
li
m
it
s
b
u
t
s
till
n
ee
d
s
to
be
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
r
esid
u
e
ac
cu
m
u
lat
io
n
in
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
E
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
th
ese
p
est
icid
es
h
as
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
i
m
p
ac
t
on
h
u
m
a
n
h
ea
lt
h
,
esp
ec
iall
y
in
r
el
atio
n
to
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
of
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
a
n
d
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
tes
in
t
h
e
b
o
d
y
.
He
m
o
g
lo
b
in
,
w
h
ic
h
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
ca
r
r
ier
of
o
x
y
g
en
in
th
e
b
lo
o
d
,
is
af
f
ec
ted
by
v
ar
i
o
u
s
ch
e
m
ical
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
o
r
g
an
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
ate
p
esti
cid
es.
E
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
p
esti
cid
es
can
ca
u
s
e
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
in
th
e
h
e
m
ato
p
o
ietic
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
h
ich
can
p
o
ten
t
iall
y
r
ed
u
ce
h
e
m
o
g
lo
b
in
lev
el
s
in
th
e
b
lo
o
d
an
d
ca
u
s
e
an
e
m
i
a
[
4
3
]
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
m
o
s
t
of
th
e
o
r
g
an
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
ate
p
esti
cid
es
te
s
ted
d
id
n
o
t
s
h
o
w
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
e
x
ce
ed
in
g
t
h
e
estab
lis
h
ed
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
s
,
it
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
co
n
tin
u
e
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
t
h
e
u
s
e
a
n
d
r
esid
u
es
of
t
h
ese
p
es
ticid
es
in
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
e
lu
cid
ate
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
m
p
l
icatio
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
an
d
p
esti
cid
e
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
in
t
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
lev
el
s
of
Cu
in
s
o
il,
n
o
tab
l
y
f
r
o
m
1
0
1
.
7
6
m
g
/
k
g
to
1
5
0
.
7
6
m
g
/
k
g
,
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
l
y
ex
ce
ed
th
e
estab
li
s
h
ed
th
r
es
h
o
ld
s
,
in
d
icati
n
g
a
p
r
ess
i
n
g
r
i
s
k
of
to
x
icit
y
a
n
d
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
t
h
ea
lt
h
is
s
u
es
s
u
c
h
as
an
e
m
ia
a
n
d
i
m
m
u
n
o
to
x
ic
it
y
in
h
u
m
a
n
s
d
u
e
to
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
of
co
n
ta
m
in
ated
ag
r
icu
l
tu
r
al
p
r
o
d
u
ce
[
1
1
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
r
esu
lt
s
on
o
r
g
an
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
ate
p
esti
c
id
e
r
esid
u
es
r
ev
ea
l
le
v
els
b
elo
w
th
e
estab
li
s
h
ed
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
is
cr
u
cial
as
ec
o
lo
g
ic
al
an
d
h
ea
lth
r
is
k
s
m
a
y
ar
i
s
e
f
r
o
m
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
lo
w
-
le
v
el
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
es
[
4
4
]
.
Giv
e
n
th
e
a
lar
m
i
n
g
r
ate
of
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
p
o
llu
tio
n
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
a
n
th
r
o
p
o
g
e
n
ic
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
f
o
r
r
e
m
ed
iatio
n
,
s
u
ch
as
t
h
e
u
s
e
of
b
io
ch
ar
,
p
r
e
s
en
t
v
iab
le
o
p
tio
n
s
f
o
r
m
iti
g
ati
n
g
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
an
d
p
r
o
tectin
g
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
4
5
]
.
Fu
tu
r
e
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
atio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
cu
s
on
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
r
e
m
ed
iatio
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
es
an
d
h
ea
lt
h
i
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
b
o
th
i
m
m
ed
iate
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ef
f
ec
t
s
of
th
e
s
e
p
o
llu
tan
ts
on
h
u
m
a
n
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
an
d
w
ild
li
f
e.
3
.
1
.
L
i
m
it
a
t
io
n
s
a
n
d
f
ut
ur
e
re
s
ea
rc
h
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
t
s
r
elev
a
n
t
f
in
d
in
g
s
on
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
of
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
s
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
ate
p
esti
cid
es
in
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l
s
a
m
p
les.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
'
s
r
elia
n
ce
on
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
m
etal
s
an
d
p
esti
cid
es
m
a
y
o
v
er
lo
o
k
o
th
er
r
ele
v
an
t
co
n
ta
m
i
n
an
t
s
,
lead
i
n
g
to
an
in
co
m
p
lete
ass
es
s
m
en
t
of
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
h
ea
lt
h
r
is
k
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
d
o
es
n
o
t
co
v
er
p
o
ten
tial
in
ter
ac
t
io
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
ta
m
i
n
an
t
s
a
n
d
th
ei
r
s
y
n
er
g
i
s
tic
e
f
f
ec
ts
on
h
u
m
a
n
h
ea
lt
h
an
d
ec
o
lo
g
ical
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Fu
t
u
r
e
s
t
u
d
ies
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
s
id
er
ex
p
an
d
in
g
th
e
s
co
p
e
of
co
n
ta
m
i
n
a
n
ts
an
d
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
lo
n
g
it
u
d
in
al
h
ea
l
t
h
as
s
es
s
m
en
t
s
to
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
ts
of
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
p
o
ll
u
tan
t
s
on
h
u
m
a
n
h
ea
lt
h
an
d
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Re
ce
n
t
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
i
n
d
icate
s
u
b
s
ta
n
tial
le
v
els
of
h
ea
v
y
m
etals
an
d
o
r
g
an
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
a
te
p
esti
cid
es
in
w
ater
an
d
s
o
il
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ts
t
h
at
w
h
ile
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
co
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
s
of
m
etal
s
s
u
c
h
as
Cu
an
d
Cd
ex
ce
ed
es
tab
lis
h
ed
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
s
,
p
o
s
in
g
r
is
k
s
s
u
c
h
as
a
n
e
m
ia
a
n
d
i
m
m
u
n
e
d
y
s
f
u
n
ct
io
n
in
h
u
m
a
n
s
,
o
r
g
a
n
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
ate
p
e
s
ticid
e
lev
el
s
g
e
n
er
all
y
r
e
m
a
in
b
elo
w
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
li
m
i
ts
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
ev
en
lo
w
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
w
ar
r
an
t
v
i
g
ila
n
ce
,
as
ch
r
o
n
ic
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
co
u
l
d
y
ield
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ec
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
h
ea
lt
h
i
m
p
ac
t
s
o
v
er
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
f
er
d
ef
in
iti
v
e
p
r
o
o
f
th
at
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
due
to
an
th
r
o
p
o
g
en
ic
ac
tiv
itie
s
d
ir
ec
tl
y
co
r
r
elate
s
w
it
h
h
ei
g
h
te
n
ed
h
ea
lt
h
r
is
k
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
i
m
p
er
at
iv
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
a
n
d
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
r
e
m
ed
iatio
n
s
tr
ate
g
ies
to
m
iti
g
ate
t
h
e
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
ts
on
b
o
th
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
h
u
m
an
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
an
k
y
o
u
to
P
o
ltek
k
es
Ke
m
e
n
k
e
s
Ma
k
as
s
ar
L
ab
k
esd
a
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
th
e
f
ac
i
liti
es
an
d
i
n
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
f
o
r
test
i
n
g
s
a
m
p
le
s
n
ee
d
ed
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
.
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