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n J
o
urna
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rica
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Co
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er
Science
Vo
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42
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3
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9
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42
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786
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79
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Ada
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ra
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a
l
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co
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lled DV
R optim
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zebra
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M
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d P
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Ra
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R
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Au
g
1
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ev
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Ma
r
1
2
,
2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
Ma
y
2
8
,
2
0
2
6
Dy
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
rs
(DV
Rs)
a
re
wid
e
ly
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
to
m
it
ig
a
te
p
o
we
r
q
u
a
li
t
y
d
istu
r
b
a
n
c
e
s
in
m
o
d
e
rn
p
o
we
r
g
ri
d
s.
E
x
isti
n
g
DV
R
c
o
n
tr
o
l
stra
teg
ies
fre
q
u
e
n
tl
y
str
u
g
g
le
t
o
a
d
e
q
u
a
tely
su
p
p
re
ss
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
d
ist
o
rti
o
n
s
a
n
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
s
d
u
e
to
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
g
rid
b
e
h
a
v
io
u
r
,
ra
p
id
l
y
v
a
ry
i
n
g
d
ist
u
rb
a
n
c
e
s,
a
n
d
li
m
it
e
d
tu
n
in
g
flex
i
b
il
it
y
.
We
su
g
g
e
st
a
g
ri
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
DV
R
with
a
n
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
fra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
o
rd
e
r
p
ro
p
o
rti
o
n
a
l
i
n
teg
ra
l
d
e
riv
a
ti
v
e
(F
OPID)
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
wh
o
se
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
a
re
imp
ro
v
e
d
u
sin
g
a
n
imp
ro
v
e
d
z
e
b
ra
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
(
IZA)
in
o
rd
e
r
t
o
c
lo
se
t
h
is
g
a
p
.
T
h
e
IZA
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
is
u
se
d
t
o
imp
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
F
OPID
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
,
e
n
su
rin
g
ra
p
id
c
o
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
su
p
e
rio
r
a
c
c
u
ra
c
y
.
Th
e
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
sy
ste
m
is
a
ss
e
ss
e
d
u
n
d
e
r
tw
o
d
iffere
n
t
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
.
In
cas
e
1
,
t
h
e
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
is
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
,
in
wh
ich
t
h
e
DV
R
re
d
u
c
e
s
sy
ste
m
ic
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
d
istu
r
b
a
n
c
e
s.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
re
v
e
a
l
th
a
t
t
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
re
d
u
c
e
s
th
e
to
tal
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
d
ist
o
rti
o
n
(THD)
fro
m
1
.
3
6
%
to
0
.
0
1
%
wh
il
e
m
a
in
tain
i
n
g
a
c
o
n
sta
n
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
o
f
a
ro
u
n
d
0
.
9
9
8
6
V,
d
e
m
o
n
stra
ti
n
g
str
o
n
g
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
su
p
p
re
ss
io
n
c
a
p
a
b
il
it
y
.
Vo
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
m
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
is
a
ss
e
ss
e
d
i
n
Ca
se
2
.
T
h
e
l
o
a
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
is
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
ly
re
sto
re
d
fr
o
m
0
.
7
2
2
V
t
o
0
.
9
9
8
6
V
b
y
th
e
DV
R,
wh
ic
h
a
lso
re
d
u
c
e
s
THD
fro
m
3
2
.
9
7
%
t
o
1
.
6
%
b
y
i
n
je
c
ti
n
g
t
h
e
re
q
u
ired
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
to
r
y
c
u
rre
n
t
.
Ov
e
ra
ll
,
th
e
re
su
lt
s
c
o
n
firm
t
h
a
t
th
e
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
F
OP
ID
–
IZA
c
o
n
tr
o
l
led
DV
R
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
ly
imp
ro
v
e
s
p
o
we
r
q
u
a
li
ty
a
n
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sta
b
il
it
y
i
n
g
ri
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
sy
ste
m
s b
y
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
ly
m
it
ig
a
ti
n
g
b
o
t
h
h
a
rm
o
n
ic d
isto
rti
o
n
a
n
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
DVR
Gr
id
-
co
n
n
e
cted
s
y
s
tem
s
Po
wer
q
u
ality
T
o
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
Vo
ltag
e
s
ag
Vo
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Milin
d
Par
ay
e
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ics an
d
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Sar
d
ar
Patel
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
o
f
Mu
m
b
ai
An
d
h
er
i,
Mu
m
b
ai,
Ma
h
a
r
ash
tr
a,
4
0
0
0
5
8
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
m
ilin
d
_
p
ar
a
y
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s
p
it.a
c.
in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Po
wer
q
u
ality
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
in
jectio
n
s
,
ar
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
s
witch
in
g
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t.
W
h
en
h
ig
h
-
s
en
s
itiv
ity
lo
ad
s
a
r
e
s
u
b
jecte
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to
s
u
ch
p
o
wer
q
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ality
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
,
it
ca
n
r
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lt
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
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f
in
an
cial
lo
s
s
es
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
f
ac
ilit
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an
d
co
m
p
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m
is
e
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n
tin
u
o
u
s
o
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atio
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.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
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s
u
es,
v
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u
s
eq
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ip
m
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a
n
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d
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ices
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ality
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h
e
p
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af
f
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th
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id
p
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m
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[
1
]
.
Acc
o
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d
in
g
to
I
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Std
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1
1
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9
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2
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r
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1
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[
2
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.
A
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th
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s
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au
lts
.
Su
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f
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t
co
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tr
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p
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in
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ar
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h
ig
h
ly
r
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r
p
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ic
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wh
er
e
m
ain
tain
in
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v
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a
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s
y
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tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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d
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J
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&
C
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p
Sci
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N:
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-
4
7
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2
A
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p
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DV
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ith
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Mil
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tab
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d
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d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
o
r
d
ev
ice
f
a
u
lts
is
cr
itical
[
3
]
.
E
x
p
er
ts
h
av
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
at
th
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
sp
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ialty
p
o
wer
to
o
ls
s
er
v
e
as
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ef
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ec
tiv
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r
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t
o
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ce
s
o
n
s
en
s
itiv
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
[
4
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
m
ea
n
tim
e,
n
ew
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
ch
as
Dy
n
a
m
ic
v
o
ltag
e
r
esto
r
er
s
(
DVRs
)
[
5
]
,
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
ted
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
6
]
,
u
n
if
o
r
m
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
c
o
n
d
itio
n
er
s
(
UPQC
)
[
7
]
,
an
d
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
f
ilter
s
[
8
]
.
wer
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese
d
ev
ices
th
e
DVR
m
iti
g
ates
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
an
d
s
wells
.
T
h
is
d
ev
ice
d
e
tects
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
s
in
th
e
f
ee
d
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
in
g
s
en
s
itiv
e
lo
ad
s
an
d
in
jects
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
m
p
en
s
atin
g
v
o
ltag
e
in
s
er
ies
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
u
p
lin
g
,
th
er
e
b
y
m
i
tig
atin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
[
9
]
.
I
n
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
,
DVR
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
im
p
ac
te
d
b
y
r
an
d
o
m
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
c
h
an
g
es
,
u
n
m
o
d
eled
an
d
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
tr
an
s
ien
t b
eh
av
io
u
r
,
an
d
im
b
alan
c
ed
n
etwo
r
k
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
Un
d
er
t
h
ese
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
,
th
e
class
ical
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
d
is
tan
t
f
r
o
m
o
p
e
r
atin
g
co
r
r
ec
tly
an
d
ar
e
u
n
ab
le
to
r
e
g
u
late
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
[
1
0
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
u
cial
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
i
s
f
ield
is
cr
ea
tin
g
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
ate
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
an
d
u
n
m
o
d
eled
tr
an
s
ien
t
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
an
d
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
ch
a
n
g
es,
s
ev
er
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
ese
i
n
clu
d
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
lik
e
f
u
zz
y
[
1
1
]
,
Gen
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
GA
)
[
1
2
]
an
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
em
p
lo
y
e
d
to
ad
j
u
s
t
th
e
in
j
ec
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
t
o
o
b
tain
o
p
t
im
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
lid
in
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l
[
1
3
]
,
r
o
b
u
s
t
co
n
tr
o
l
[
1
4
]
,
a
n
d
m
o
d
el
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
(
MPC
)
[
1
5
]
.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
[
1
6
]
co
m
b
i
n
ed
th
e
v
er
s
atile
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
th
e
H∞
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
to
en
h
a
n
ce
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
b
o
th
tr
a
n
s
ien
t
an
d
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
o
d
es
.
A
m
u
l
tilay
er
in
v
er
ter
with
a
p
r
e
d
i
ctiv
e
an
d
o
p
tim
u
m
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
[
1
7
]
.
E
n
h
a
n
cin
g
t
h
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
t
o
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
H
D)
in
d
ex
is
also
r
e
g
ar
d
ed
as
a
cr
u
cial
g
o
al
a
n
d
a
cr
u
cial
co
n
tr
o
l
n
ec
ess
ity
[
1
8
]
.
Gam
b
ô
a
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
,
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
a
m
atr
i
x
co
n
v
e
r
ter
with
f
ly
wh
ee
l
s
to
r
ag
e
is
s
u
g
g
ested
as
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
is
s
u
e.
A
s
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
ap
p
lica
tio
n
o
f
an
u
p
d
ated
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
am
e
f
o
r
DVR
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ay
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
[
2
0
]
.
Ap
a
r
t
f
r
o
m
r
eso
lv
in
g
p
o
we
r
q
u
ality
co
n
ce
r
n
s
in
[
2
1
]
,
DVR h
as b
ee
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
as a
f
a
u
lt c
u
r
r
e
n
t lim
iter
in
th
e
ev
e
n
t o
f
a
l
o
ad
s
id
e
s
h
o
r
t c
ir
cu
it.
Desp
ite
th
ese
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
,
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
th
at
ca
n
p
r
ec
i
s
ely
tu
n
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
m
a
n
ag
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
e
r
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
ag
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
is
s
till
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
-
o
r
d
er
co
n
tr
o
l
with
in
tellig
en
t
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
esp
ec
ially
th
o
s
e
th
a
t
ad
ap
tiv
ely
en
h
an
ce
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
an
d
e
x
p
lo
itatio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
f
u
lly
e
x
am
in
ed
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
to
d
ate.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
g
ap
,
th
is
p
ap
er
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
s
an
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
o
r
d
er
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
in
teg
r
al
d
er
iv
ativ
e
(
FOPID)
co
n
tr
o
ller
wh
o
s
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
o
p
tim
ally
tu
n
ed
u
s
in
g
an
im
p
r
o
v
ed
ze
b
r
a
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
I
Z
A
)
.
Ad
ap
tiv
e
m
ig
r
atio
n
,
elite
p
r
e
s
er
v
atio
n
,
an
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
ar
a
m
eter
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
ar
e
all
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
d
in
to
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
I
Z
A
t
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
etter
co
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
DVR
co
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
is
a
m
ajo
r
t
ec
h
n
ical
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t
i
n
D
VR
b
ased
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
in
tellig
en
t
o
p
tim
izatio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
it
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
tly
im
p
r
o
v
es
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
,
v
o
ltag
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
,
an
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
tab
ilit
y
wh
en
co
m
b
i
n
ed
with
th
e
FOPID
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Str
uct
ure
o
f
t
he
DVR
co
ntr
o
l sy
s
t
em
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
f
ac
e
ch
a
llen
g
es
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
tab
le
p
o
wer
to
s
en
s
itiv
e
lo
ad
s
d
u
e
to
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
e
v
ices.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
is
s
u
es,
a
s
y
s
tem
em
p
lo
y
in
g
a
DVR
alo
n
g
s
id
e
an
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ze
b
r
a
Alg
o
r
ith
m
-
en
h
a
n
ce
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
DVR
s
tab
ilizes
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
b
y
s
u
p
p
ly
in
g
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
y
v
o
ltag
e
s
wif
tly
,
with
in
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
e
n
h
an
cin
g
DVR
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
s
u
ch
as
s
er
ies
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
s
,
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
p
ass
iv
e
f
ilter
s
f
o
r
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
elim
in
atio
n
.
T
h
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
p
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
f
o
r
its
s
u
p
er
io
r
tu
n
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies,
en
ab
lin
g
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
q
u
ick
ly
v
ar
y
in
g
g
r
id
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
wh
ile
th
e
I
Z
A
o
p
tim
izes
th
e
FOPID
p
ar
am
et
er
s
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
a
n
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
c
o
m
p
en
s
atio
n
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
d
ep
icts
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
etu
p
to
elim
in
ate
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics an
d
v
o
ltag
e
is
s
u
es c
au
s
ed
b
y
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
f
au
lts
an
d
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ities
.
B
y
p
u
m
p
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
in
to
DV
R
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
er
ies
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
in
to
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
th
e
s
en
s
itiv
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
is
r
e
g
u
lated
.
Netwo
r
k
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
lo
a
d
s
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
cr
ea
te
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
lo
a
d
s
o
r
v
o
ltag
es a
t th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
co
m
m
o
n
co
u
p
lin
g
(
P
C
C
)
.
DV
R
u
s
u
ally
co
r
r
ec
ts
v
o
ltag
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
.
Vo
ltag
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
r
em
o
v
al
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
in
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
's
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
Fo
u
r
ca
teg
o
r
ies
o
f
DVR
co
m
p
en
s
ati
o
n
ex
is
t.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
m
eth
o
d
u
s
es
in
-
p
h
ase
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
to
m
atch
th
e
DVR
'
s
v
o
ltag
e
in
jectio
n
to
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
's
v
o
ltag
e
af
ter
th
e
f
au
lt.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
eth
o
d
c
o
m
p
en
s
ates
f
o
r
p
r
e
-
s
ag
v
o
lta
g
e.
T
h
is
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
ev
e
n
ts
lo
ad
cir
cu
latin
g
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
b
ec
o
m
in
g
in
d
u
ce
d
d
u
r
in
g
p
h
ase
h
o
p
p
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
f
a
u
lts
.
E
n
er
g
y
-
m
in
im
ized
v
o
ltag
e
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
,
t
h
e
th
ir
d
m
eth
o
d
,
co
r
r
ec
ts
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
with
r
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
m
et
h
o
d
,
h
y
b
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
,
co
m
b
i
n
es
th
e
p
r
io
r
two
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tr
ateg
y
to
r
ea
c
h
co
n
tr
o
l
g
o
als.
T
h
e
(
1
)
u
s
es
th
e
DVR
cir
cu
it
m
o
d
el.
DVR
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ilter
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
ar
e
L
f
,
C
f
,
an
d
R
f
.
T
h
e
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
in
clu
d
es
tu
r
n
s
r
atio
,
win
d
in
g
r
esis
tan
ce
,
an
d
in
d
u
ctan
ce
,
wh
ile
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
t
lo
ad
r
esis
tan
c
e
an
d
in
d
u
ctan
ce
.
A
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
(
VSI
)
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
v
er
t
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
to
AC
with
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
,
p
h
ase,
an
d
am
p
litu
d
e.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
f
o
llo
ws th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
'
s
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
VSI
s
witch
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
42
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
26
:
7
8
6
-
7
9
7
788
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ov
e
r
v
iew
o
f
th
e
DV
R
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
=
[
−
(
+
)
]
(
1
)
T
h
e
DVR
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
ch
a
n
g
e
r
ate
is
ac
tu
ally
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ilter
ca
p
ac
i
to
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t,
wh
ich
is
h
o
w
th
e
PC
C
m
o
d
if
ies
ca
p
ac
ito
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t.
T
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
D
VR
,
in
clu
d
in
g
lin
e
im
p
ed
an
ce
,
f
ilter
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
an
d
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
d
y
n
am
ics
,
c
an
b
e
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
tr
a
n
s
f
er
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ials
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
(
2
)
-
(
6
)
r
e
p
r
esen
t
th
is
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
e'
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
u
n
ct
io
n
.
K
c
,
k
v
,
an
d
k
in
v
ar
e
th
e
in
ter
n
al,
ex
ter
n
al,
an
d
i
n
v
er
ter
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
g
ain
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
=
1
∗
+
2
(
2
)
1
=
,
2
=
(
3
)
=
(
+
)
(
+
)
(
4
)
=
3
+
(
+
+
)
2
+
(
+
(
1
−
)
+
)
+
(
1
−
)
(
5
)
=
(
+
2
)
3
+
[
(
+
2
)
+
(
+
2
)
+
(
+
2
)
]
2
+
[
(
+
2
)
+
2
(
+
)
+
(
1
+
)
+
(
+
2
)
]
+
2
(
+
)
+
(
1
+
)
(
6
)
T
h
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
ca
lcu
lu
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
g
r
ea
ter
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
c
o
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
s
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
D
VR
m
o
d
el
with
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
2
2
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
A
d
a
p
tive
fr
a
ctio
n
a
l
-
o
r
d
er P
I
D
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
DV
R
o
p
timiz
ed
b
y
ze
b
r
a
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
fo
r
… (
Mil
in
d
P
a
r
a
ye
)
789
2
.
2
.
O
bje
c
t
iv
e
f
un
ct
io
n f
o
r
mu
la
t
io
n
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
v
o
ltag
e
-
tr
ac
k
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
th
e
d
q
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
am
e
was
u
s
ed
to
e
s
tab
lis
h
an
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
at
w
o
u
ld
allo
w
f
o
r
th
e
b
est
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
a
r
am
eter
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
I
Z
A.
T
h
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
er
r
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
wer
e
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
m
in
im
izin
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
es
(
,
)
an
d
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
es
(
,
)
.
(
)
=
(
)
−
(
)
,
(
)
=
(
)
−
(
)
(
7
)
T
h
ese
er
r
o
r
s
wer
e
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
i
n
to
a
s
in
g
le
er
r
o
r
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e:
(
)
=
√
2
(
)
+
2
(
)
(
8
)
T
o
ev
alu
ate
co
n
t
r
o
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
v
er
tim
e,
th
e
I
n
teg
r
al
T
i
m
e
Ab
s
o
lu
te
E
r
r
o
r
(
I
T
AE
)
cr
i
ter
io
n
was
u
s
ed
,
wh
ich
p
e
n
alize
s
lo
n
g
-
d
u
r
atio
n
er
r
o
r
s
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
es f
ast s
ettlin
g
:
=
∫
∣
(
)
∣
0
(
9
)
T
h
e
f
in
al
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
b
jecti
v
e
was
to
m
in
im
ize
a
co
m
b
i
n
ed
co
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
o
v
e
r
all
tr
ac
k
in
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
d
y
n
am
ic
b
eh
av
io
u
r
o
f
th
e
DVR
–
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
y
s
tem
:
=
=
∫
√
2
(
)
+
2
(
)
0
(1
0
)
T
h
is
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
was
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
I
Z
A
to
s
elec
t
th
e
o
p
tim
al
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
th
at
d
eliv
er
f
ast r
esp
o
n
s
e,
m
in
im
al
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
er
r
o
r
,
a
n
d
e
n
h
an
c
ed
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
.
2
.
3
.
O
pti
m
iza
t
io
n
o
f
pro
po
s
ed
co
ntr
o
ller
pa
ra
m
et
er
s
wit
h t
he
im
pro
v
ed
ze
bra
a
lg
o
ri
t
hm
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
u
s
e
th
e
I
Z
A
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
DVR
s
y
s
tem
's
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
d
er
iv
ativ
e
(
PD)
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
'
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
To
g
u
a
r
an
tee
th
at
th
e
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
s
y
s
tem
o
f
f
er
s
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
th
e
s
ix
ess
en
tial
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
eter
s
—
K
c
,
K
v
,
K
f
,
K
p
,
K
d
,
an
d
N
—
ar
e
a
d
ju
s
ted
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
in
th
e
o
p
tim
izat
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
to
s
p
ec
if
y
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
e'
s
g
o
al,
wh
ich
is
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
al
(
E
S)
by
(
1
1
)
,
wh
ich
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
in
th
e
d
q
f
r
am
e.
O
n
e
way
to
ex
p
r
ess
th
e
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
al
is
:
=
√
(
,
−
,
)
2
+
(
,
−
,
)
2
(1
1
)
w
h
er
e
V
ref,
d
an
d
V
ref,
q
ar
e
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
es,
an
d
V
L
,
d
an
d
V
L,
q
ar
e
th
e
lo
a
d
v
o
ltag
es in
th
e
d
q
f
r
am
e.
T
h
e
I
Z
A
en
h
a
n
ce
s
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
an
d
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
d
u
r
in
g
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
'
s
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
p
h
ase
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
a
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
s
ea
r
ch
o
f
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
p
ac
e,
a
v
o
id
in
g
lo
ca
l
m
in
im
a,
wh
ile
th
e
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
p
h
ase
r
ef
in
es
t
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
co
n
v
er
g
e
to
th
e
o
p
tim
al
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
B
y
d
y
n
a
m
ically
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
its
p
ar
am
eter
s
to
p
r
eser
v
e
a
b
alan
ce
am
o
n
g
s
t
ex
p
lo
r
ati
o
n
an
d
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
,
th
e
I
Z
A'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
f
u
r
th
er
en
h
an
ce
d
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
iter
atio
n
s
,
th
e
I
Z
A
ca
lcu
lates
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
p
o
ten
tial
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
r
ep
r
esen
te
d
b
y
ze
b
r
a
ag
en
ts
,
an
d
u
p
d
ates
th
em
b
as
ed
o
n
th
eir
c
o
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
o
p
tim
ized
p
a
r
am
eter
s
ar
e
th
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
th
at
y
ield
th
e
lo
west e
r
r
o
r
s
ig
n
al,
en
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
b
est p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
DVR s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
co
n
t
r
ast
to
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
etah
eu
r
is
tic
m
eth
o
d
s
lik
e
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
PSO
)
an
d
GA,
I
Z
A
h
as
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
s
tr
e
n
g
th
o
f
b
alan
cin
g
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
an
d
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
.
Un
lik
e
P
SO,
wh
ich
ten
d
s
to
co
n
v
er
g
e
p
r
em
at
u
r
ely
,
a
n
d
G
A,
wh
ich
en
tails
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
g
e
n
etic
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
I
Z
A
e
x
p
lo
its
ad
ap
tiv
e
m
ig
r
atio
n
an
d
elite
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
a
n
d
av
o
id
lo
ca
l o
p
tim
a
tr
a
p
p
in
g
.
2
.
4
.
P
r
o
po
s
ed
I
Z
A
T
h
e
I
Z
A
en
h
a
n
ce
s
th
e
o
r
i
g
in
al
ze
b
r
a
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
Z
A)
b
y
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
is
s
u
es
lik
e
p
r
em
atu
r
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
in
h
i
g
h
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
s
p
ac
e
s
.
I
Z
A
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
ad
a
p
tiv
e
m
ig
r
atio
n
t
o
ad
j
u
s
t
s
ea
r
ch
s
tep
s
izes,
elite
-
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
to
r
etain
an
d
am
p
lif
y
th
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
o
f
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
a
r
am
eter
s
d
u
r
in
g
i
ter
atio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
42
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
26
:
7
8
6
-
7
9
7
790
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
,
e
n
ab
lin
g
f
aster
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
,
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
ag
ain
s
t
lo
ca
l
m
in
im
a,
an
d
ea
s
ier
tu
n
in
g
o
f
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
eter
s
in
DVR s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izin
g
DVR
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
eter
s
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
I
Z
A.
First,
th
e
DVR
s
y
s
tem
an
d
I
Z
A
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
ar
e
in
itialized
,
a
f
ter
wh
ic
h
r
an
d
o
m
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
ain
s
(
K
c
,
K
v
,
K
F
,
K
p
,
K
d
,
λ
,
μ
)
ar
e
g
en
er
ate
d
to
f
o
r
m
th
e
in
itial
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
E
ac
h
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
et
is
th
en
ev
alu
ated
b
y
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
a
DVR
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
t
h
e
I
T
AE
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
an
d
th
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
with
t
h
e
lo
west
I
T
AE
is
id
en
tifie
d
.
I
f
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
it
er
atio
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
r
ea
ch
ed
,
I
Z
A
u
p
d
ates
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
u
s
in
g
ad
ap
tiv
e
m
ig
r
atio
n
an
d
elite
p
r
e
s
er
v
atio
n
,
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
lo
o
p
s
b
ac
k
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
ev
alu
atio
n
.
On
ce
th
e
iter
atio
n
lim
it
is
m
et,
th
e
o
p
tim
al
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
ex
t
r
ac
ted
an
d
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
in
th
e
DVR
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
er
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
test
ed
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
ca
s
es.
I
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
m
ee
ts
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
cr
iter
ia,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
en
d
s
;
o
th
er
wis
e,
s
ettin
g
s
ar
e
ad
ju
s
ted
,
an
d
t
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
is
r
estar
ted
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Flo
wch
ar
t
o
f
th
e
ad
a
p
tiv
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
p
tim
izatio
n
u
s
in
g
I
Z
A
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Sim
ula
t
i
o
n r
esu
lt
s
As
was
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
,
th
e
DVR
s
y
s
tem
will
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lle
d
b
y
a
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l
ar
r
an
g
em
e
n
t.
Du
e
to
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
,
an
in
tellig
en
t
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
as
b
ee
n
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
th
at
will
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ch
o
s
en
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
(
in
teg
r
al
tim
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
er
r
o
r
)
to
ad
ju
s
t
ea
ch
ad
ap
tiv
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
“K
P
,
K
i
,
K
d
,
an
d
”.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
e
th
o
d
t
h
at
wa
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
is
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ze
b
r
a
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
a
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
o
v
er
tim
e
is
ass
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
I
T
AE
,
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
in
d
ex
.
I
t
m
in
im
izes
b
o
th
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
an
d
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
o
f
d
ev
iatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
esire
d
o
u
tp
u
t
b
y
ass
ig
n
in
g
g
r
ea
ter
p
en
alties
to
er
r
o
r
s
th
at
o
cc
u
r
later
in
tim
e
,
th
er
e
b
y
e
n
c
o
u
r
ag
in
g
f
aster
s
y
s
tem
s
ettlin
g
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lts
in
s
m
o
o
th
er
s
y
s
tem
r
esp
o
n
s
e
with
r
ed
u
ce
d
o
s
cillatio
n
s
.
I
T
AE
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
tu
n
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
lik
e
PID
an
d
FOPID,
en
s
u
r
in
g
b
etter
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
=
∫
.
|
(
)
|
∞
0
(1
2
)
w
h
er
e,
()
et
=
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
al
(
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
d
esire
d
a
n
d
ac
tu
al
o
u
tp
u
t)
a
n
d
t=
tim
e
0
=
in
teg
r
al
o
v
e
r
th
e
e
n
tire
tim
e
r
an
g
e
Af
ter
d
escr
ib
in
g
th
e
DVR
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
b
lem
i
s
f
o
r
m
alize
d
in
t
h
e
p
a
p
er
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
was
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
af
ter
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
wer
e
estab
lis
h
ed
.
Simu
latio
n
s
wer
e
th
en
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t,
an
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
d
ata
wer
e
co
llected
an
d
a
n
aly
ze
d
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
clu
d
es
b
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
in
tellig
en
t c
o
n
tr
o
l stru
ct
u
r
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
A
d
a
p
tive
fr
a
ctio
n
a
l
-
o
r
d
er P
I
D
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co
n
tr
o
lled
DV
R
o
p
timiz
ed
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y
ze
b
r
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a
lg
o
r
ith
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fo
r
… (
Mil
in
d
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a
r
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ye
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791
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DVR
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
th
e
v
a
r
iab
les
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
wo
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
im
u
latio
n
s
:
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
/s
well
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
an
d
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atio
n
with
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics.
MA
T
L
AB
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
all
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
e
DVR
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
ad
a
p
tiv
e
FOPID
tu
n
ed
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
3,
th
e
wh
o
le
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
f
o
r
s
im
u
lati
o
n
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
a
n
d
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
I
Z
A
d
u
r
i
n
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
tu
n
i
n
g
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Sp
ec
if
icatio
n
s
an
d
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
v
a
l
u
e
s
Lo
a
d
4
0
0
Tr
a
n
sf
o
r
mer
Δ/
Y
,
R
1
=R
2
=
0
.
0
0
3
p
.
u
.
,
L
1
=L
2
=
0
.
0
8
p
.
u
.
,
V
1(p−
p)
=
2
0
k
V
,
V
2(p
-
p)
=
1
7
3
V
,
S
=
5
0
k
V
A
,
D
e
l
t
a
(
D
1
)
,
Y
g
(
W
y
e
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
)
,
1
1
K
V
/
0
,
4
K
V
S
o
u
r
c
e
V
L
-
L
=
2
0
k
V
,
f
=
6
0
H
z
N
o
mi
n
a
l
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
H
z
)
50
A
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
P
(
W
)
1
.
5
e
3
I
n
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
Q
L
(
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
v
a
r
)
1
0
0
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
i
v
e
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
Q
c
(
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
v
a
r
)
0
T
ab
le
2
.
DVR s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
s
S
e
r
i
e
s
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
e
r
S
=
1
.
5
e
3
V
A
,
V
1
=
1
0
V
,
V
2
=
1
0
0
V
,
R
1
=
R
2
=
0
.
0
0
0
3
p
u
,
X
1
=X
2
=
2
0
0
p
u
En
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
2
0
0
V
O
u
t
p
u
t
f
i
l
t
e
r
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
C
=
2
0
e
-
6
,
L=
6
e
-
3
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
5
0
H
z
,
A
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
n
o
t
c
h
f
i
l
t
e
r
(
ANF
)
c
=
1
0
0
0
0
,
ζ
1
=
0
.
2
,
ζ
5,
7
=
0
.
8
T
ab
le
3
.
Ad
a
p
tiv
e
FOPID
tu
n
ed
p
ar
am
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
p
K
i
K
V
a
l
u
e
40
1
5
4
0
.
5
0
.
7
-
0
.
5
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
e
r
s
tu
d
y
[
2
2
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
42
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
26
:
7
8
6
-
7
9
7
792
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
p
lo
t
3
.
1
.
1
.
Ca
s
e
1
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
d
ap
tiv
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
th
e
DVR
is
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
.
As
m
en
tio
n
ed
ea
r
lier
,
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
o
cc
u
r
l
ess
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
in
p
o
wer
n
et
wo
r
k
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
a
DVR s
o
le
ly
f
o
r
m
itig
atin
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
m
ay
n
o
t a
lway
s
b
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ically
ju
s
tifie
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
s
6
an
d
7
s
h
o
w
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e,
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e,
in
jecte
d
v
o
ltag
e,
a
n
d
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
t
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
ter
m
in
als
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
DVR
in
jects
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
co
m
p
en
s
atin
g
v
o
ltag
e
in
to
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
en
a
b
lin
g
t
h
e
lo
ad
to
r
ec
eiv
e
v
o
ltag
e
wit
h
m
in
im
al
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
.
Fo
r
f
u
r
th
er
an
aly
s
i
s
,
Fig
u
r
e
8
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
T
HD
(
%)
o
f
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
es
at
th
e
PC
C
an
d
th
e
lo
ad
.
Af
ter
DVR co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
,
th
e
v
o
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
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esian
J
E
lec
E
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g
&
C
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m
p
Sci
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N:
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4
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m
izatio
n
r
esu
lted
in
a
m
ar
k
ed
ly
s
u
p
er
io
r
r
esp
o
n
s
e
r
elativ
e
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
is
d
ir
ec
tly
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
o
p
tim
izatio
n
-
b
ased
an
d
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
at
h
av
e
b
e
en
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
in
T
ab
le
6
.
T
h
is
aid
s
in
p
la
cin
g
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
with
in
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
DVR
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
clea
r
ly
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DVR
–
ad
a
p
tiv
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
a
d
lo
wer
T
HD
lev
els
af
ter
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
th
an
th
e
B
lack
W
id
o
w
Op
tim
izatio
n
+
FOPID
[
2
3
]
,
wate
r
cy
cle
alg
o
r
ith
m
–
b
ased
tu
n
in
g
[
2
4
]
,
an
d
f
ee
d
f
o
r
war
d
+
ac
tiv
e
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
r
ejec
tio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
(
ADRC
)
[
2
5
]
m
eth
o
d
s
,
ev
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
th
ey
m
a
d
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
IZA
'
s
ab
ili
ty
to
tu
n
e
is
s
h
o
wn
b
y
th
e
v
er
y
lo
w
T
HD
o
f
0
.
0
1
% in
ca
s
e
1
an
d
th
e
b
ig
d
r
o
p
th
at
h
ap
p
e
n
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
s
ag
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
C
ase
2
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
m
an
a
g
ed
s
ev
er
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
f
au
lt.
W
ith
o
u
t
th
e
DVR,
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
p
ed
t
o
ap
p
r
o
x
im
at
ely
0
.
7
2
2
V
with
a
h
ig
h
T
HD
o
f
a
r
o
u
n
d
3
2
.
9
7
%
f
o
r
Va.
W
ith
th
e
DVR
ac
tiv
ated
,
v
o
ltag
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
t
o
0
.
9
9
8
6
V
an
d
T
HD
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
ar
o
u
n
d
1
.
6
1
%.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
DVR's
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
s
tab
ilizin
g
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
m
in
im
izin
g
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
ti
o
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
f
a
u
lts
.
T
h
e
IZA
-
o
p
tim
ized
a
d
a
p
tiv
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
,
m
ak
in
g
it
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
as
p
o
wer
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
ev
o
lv
e
with
m
o
r
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
ad
s
an
d
r
en
e
wab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
ai
m
s
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
with
h
ar
d
war
e
test
in
g
an
d
o
p
tim
ize
it
f
u
r
t
h
er
,
p
o
ten
tially
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
'
s
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
h
an
d
l
in
g
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
.
T
h
e
DVR
-
e
n
h
an
ce
d
FOPID
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
h
o
ws
s
tr
o
n
g
ca
p
ab
il
ities
in
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
p
o
s
itiv
ely
to
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
.
T
ab
le
6
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
N
o
.
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
(
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
a
n
d
met
h
o
d
)
Pre
-
D
V
R
TH
D
/
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
P
o
st
-
D
V
R
TH
D
/
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
1
B
l
a
c
k
W
i
d
o
w
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
+
F
O
P
I
D
[
2
3
]
N
o
t
e
x
p
l
i
c
i
t
l
y
st
a
t
e
d
Ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
c
o
mp
e
n
sat
i
o
n
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
,
o
v
e
r
sh
o
o
t
~
2
.
9
%,
u
n
d
e
r
s
h
o
o
t
~
5
.
6
%,
set
t
l
i
n
g
≈
0
.
1
0
4
s
2
S
t
u
d
y
u
s
i
n
g
w
a
t
e
r
c
y
c
l
e
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m f
o
r
D
V
R
(
P
I
D
/
P
I
/
F
O
P
I
/
F
O
P
I
D
,
C
S
S
E)
[
2
4
]
TH
D
P
I
≈
1
.
6
1
%,
TH
D
P
I
D
≈
0
.
7
1
%,
TH
D
F
O
P
I
≈
1
.
6
0
%,
TH
D
F
O
P
I
D
≈
1
.
2
0
%
F
O
P
I
D
y
i
e
l
d
e
d
TH
D
≈
1
.
2
0
%
i
n
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
d
s
a
g
s;
o
t
h
e
r
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
sl
i
g
h
t
l
y
h
i
g
h
e
r
3
F
e
e
d
-
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
+
A
D
R
C
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
[
2
5
]
Tr
a
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
P
I
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
TH
D
≈
2
.
4
9
%
TH
D
≈
1
.
4
3
%
4
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
C
a
se
1
:
TH
D
=
1
.
3
6
%
C
a
se
2
:
TH
D
=
3
2
.
6
1
%
TH
D
=
0
.
0
1
%
TH
D
=
1
.
6
1
%
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
I
Z
A
-
o
p
tim
ized
a
d
ap
tiv
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
m
a
d
e
th
e
DVR
wo
r
k
m
u
ch
b
etter
in
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
s
ettin
g
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
h
o
wed
th
at
it
co
u
ld
ad
ap
t
f
aster
,
r
ejec
t
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
b
etter
,
an
d
r
eg
u
l
ate
v
o
ltag
e
m
o
r
e
ac
c
u
r
ately
th
an
tr
ad
itio
n
al
DVR
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
k
ep
t
th
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
le
an
d
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
ad
e
u
p
f
o
r
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
in
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
it
is
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
with
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
a
d
s
an
d
ch
an
g
in
g
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
I
Z
A
-
o
p
tim
ize
d
ad
a
p
ti
v
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
m
ad
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
h
ig
h
e
r
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
b
y
m
ak
in
g
it
ea
s
ier
t
o
tu
n
e
p
a
r
am
et
er
s
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
f
o
r
n
ex
t
-
g
en
er
atio
n
DVRs
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
with
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
an
d
s
en
s
itiv
e
el
ec
tr
o
n
ic
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
m
ig
h
t
b
u
ild
o
n
th
is
wo
r
k
b
y
in
cl
u
d
in
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ig
ital
co
n
t
r
o
ller
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
h
ar
d
war
e
-
in
-
th
e
-
lo
o
p
test
in
g
,
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
o
p
tim
i
za
tio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
ec
lar
e
th
at
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
was r
ec
eiv
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
n
d
u
ct
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
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