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4752
I
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39
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62
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s
t
he
s
i
m
ul
t
a
ne
ous
c
ont
r
ol
of
t
he
D
C
-
b
us
v
ol
t
a
g
e
a
nd
t
he
A
C
out
put
w
i
t
hi
n
a
s
i
ngl
e
-
s
t
a
g
e
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
,
w
hi
l
e
a
v
oi
di
ng
unde
s
i
r
e
d
hi
g
h
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
a
nd
e
na
bl
i
ng
a
w
i
de
A
C
v
ol
t
a
g
e
r
a
n
ge
i
n
bot
h
buc
k
a
nd
boos
t
m
ode
s
.
I
n
t
he
pr
opos
e
d
c
onf
i
g
ur
a
t
i
on,
a
n
i
nduc
t
or
i
s
c
onne
c
t
e
d
t
o
t
w
o
m
e
t
a
l
-
oxi
de
-
s
e
m
i
c
onduc
t
o
r
f
i
e
l
d
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
t
r
a
ns
i
s
t
or
s
(
M
O
S
F
E
T
s
)
ope
r
a
t
i
ng
a
t
t
he
f
u
nda
m
e
nt
a
l
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
t
o
e
l
e
v
a
t
e
t
he
i
nput
v
ol
t
a
ge
t
o
t
he
DC
-
bus
,
w
hi
l
e
a
hy
br
i
d
qua
s
i
-
s
i
n
us
oi
da
l
a
nd
c
ons
t
a
nt
dut
y
-
c
y
c
l
e
m
odul
a
t
i
on
s
i
m
ul
t
a
ne
ous
l
y
c
ont
r
ol
s
i
nduc
t
or
c
ha
r
g
i
ng
a
nd
A
C
v
ol
t
a
g
e
g
e
ne
r
a
t
i
on.
T
o
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
e
t
he
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
ons
of
t
he
c
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l
S
S
I
,
Y
i
n
et
al
.
[
3]
pr
opos
e
d
a
m
odi
f
i
e
d
s
pl
i
t
-
s
our
c
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
(
M
S
S
I
)
c
a
pa
bl
e
o
f
pe
r
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
dua
l
po
w
e
r
d
e
c
oupl
i
ng
,
ut
i
l
i
z
i
ng
bot
h
D
C
-
a
nd
A
C
-
s
i
de
c
a
pa
c
i
t
or
s
t
o
di
v
e
r
t
s
e
c
ond
-
or
de
r
r
i
ppl
e
s
,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
pa
r
t
i
c
ul
a
r
l
y
i
m
por
t
a
nt
f
o
r
phot
ov
ol
t
a
i
c
or
ot
he
r
r
i
ppl
e
-
s
e
ns
i
t
i
v
e
s
our
c
e
s
.
M
or
e
o
v
e
r
,
A
bd
-
E
l
a
z
i
z
e
t
al
.
[
4]
de
m
ons
t
r
a
t
e
d
t
ha
t
S
S
I
s
a
r
e
pr
om
i
s
i
ng
c
a
ndi
d
a
t
e
s
f
or
hi
g
h
-
g
a
i
n
s
i
ng
l
e
-
s
t
a
ge
D
C
–
A
C
c
on
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
,
s
ui
t
a
bl
e
f
or
i
nt
e
r
f
a
c
i
n
g
P
V
m
odul
e
s
w
i
t
h
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
g
r
i
ds
a
nd
A
C
l
oa
ds
,
us
i
ng
a
f
i
ni
t
e
c
ont
r
ol
s
e
t
m
ode
l
pr
e
di
c
t
i
v
e
c
ont
r
ol
(
F
C
S
-
M
P
C
)
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
w
i
t
hout
pul
s
e
-
w
i
dt
h
m
odul
a
t
i
on.
K
u
m
a
r
a
nd
S
e
ns
a
r
m
a
[
5]
hi
g
hl
i
g
ht
t
he
ne
e
d
f
or
buc
k
-
boos
t
i
nv
e
r
t
e
r
s
w
h
e
n
t
he
s
our
c
e
v
ol
t
a
ge
i
s
l
ow
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
t
o t
he
A
C
out
put
v
ol
t
a
g
e
,
a
c
o
m
m
on r
e
qui
r
e
m
e
nt
i
n s
ol
a
r
m
i
c
r
o
-
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
.
I
n
M
i
y
a
ni
e
t
al
.
[
6]
, a
di
s
c
r
e
t
e
-
t
i
m
e
s
l
i
di
ng
m
ode
(
D
T
S
M
)
r
e
g
ul
a
t
or
w
a
s
pr
opos
e
d
f
or
r
e
g
ul
a
t
i
n
g
t
he
D
C
-
b
us
v
ol
t
a
g
e
of
a
qua
s
i
-
Z
-
s
our
c
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
(q
-
Z
S
I
)
i
n
a
t
hr
e
e
-
pha
s
e
g
r
id
-
c
onne
c
t
e
d
P
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
he
DC
-
b
us
v
ol
t
a
ge
of
t
he
q
-
Z
S
I
e
xhi
bi
t
s
non
-
m
i
ni
m
u
m
pha
s
e
be
ha
v
i
or
,
c
o
m
pl
i
c
a
t
i
ng
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
de
s
i
g
n.
T
he
D
T
S
M
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
i
s
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
i
n
a
dua
l
-
l
o
op
a
r
c
hi
t
e
c
t
ur
e
,
r
e
g
ul
a
t
i
ng
t
he
D
C
v
ol
t
a
ge
i
n
t
he
out
e
r
l
oop
a
nd
t
he
i
nduc
t
or
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
n
t
he
i
n
ne
r
l
oop,
w
i
t
h
t
he
s
hoot
-
t
hr
oug
h
dut
y
r
a
t
i
o
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
d
by
t
he
i
nne
r
l
oop.
B
or
g
e
s
a
nd
G
r
i
g
ol
e
t
t
o
[
7]
de
m
ons
t
r
a
t
e
d
t
he
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
ne
s
s
of
D
T
S
M
f
or
a
t
hr
e
e
-
pha
s
e
g
r
i
d
-
c
onne
c
t
e
d
q
-
Z
S
I
,
e
ns
ur
i
ng
r
obus
t
ne
s
s
a
nd
g
r
i
d
c
o
m
pl
i
a
nc
e
de
s
pi
t
e
t
he
non
-
m
i
ni
m
u
m
pha
s
e
be
ha
v
i
or
of
t
he
D
C
-
l
i
nk
v
ol
t
a
g
e
.
I
n
D
a
bour
e
t
al
.
[
8]
,
t
he
S
S
I
c
onc
e
pt
w
a
s
e
xt
e
nde
d
w
i
t
h
qua
dr
a
t
i
c
boos
t
S
S
I
(
Q
B
I
/
S
B
I
)
t
opol
og
i
e
s
,
us
i
ng
a
n
a
ddi
t
i
ona
l
i
nduc
t
or
,
c
a
pa
c
i
t
or
,
a
nd
t
w
o
di
ode
s
t
o s
qua
r
e
t
he
boos
t
i
ng
f
a
c
t
or
of
t
he
S
S
I
.
A
c
l
os
e
d
-
l
oop c
ont
r
ol
s
t
r
a
t
e
gy
, c
o
m
bi
ne
d
w
i
t
h m
odi
f
i
e
d s
pa
c
e
v
e
c
t
or
m
odul
a
t
i
on (
M
S
V
M
)
, w
a
s
us
e
d t
o r
e
duc
e
i
nput
c
ur
r
e
nt
r
i
ppl
e
s
.
M
a
hm
m
oud
e
t
a
l
.
[
9]
pr
e
s
e
n
t
a
n
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
da
y
t
i
m
e
s
ol
a
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
de
s
i
g
ne
d
t
o
s
up
pl
y
a
t
h
r
e
e
-
pha
s
e
i
nd
uc
t
i
o
n
m
ot
or
,
w
i
t
h
t
he
P
V
a
r
r
a
y
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
f
e
e
d
i
ng
a
S
S
I
.
T
he
i
nc
r
e
m
e
nt
a
l
c
o
nduc
t
a
nc
e
(
I
N
C
)
m
e
t
hod
w
a
s
e
m
pl
oy
e
d f
or
m
a
xi
m
u
m
pow
e
r
poi
nt
t
r
a
c
k
i
ng
(
M
P
P
T
)
.
B
u
i
l
d
i
ng
o
n t
hi
s
w
or
k,
S
a
br
i
é
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
0]
pr
o
po
s
e
d a
S
S
I
-
de
r
i
v
e
d
t
op
ol
og
y
,
na
m
e
d
B
-
A
S
S
I
,
a
i
m
i
ng
t
o
i
m
pr
ov
e
D
C
v
ol
t
a
g
e
ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
w
hi
l
e
r
e
t
a
i
ni
ng
t
he
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
a
l
a
dv
a
nt
a
g
e
s
of
t
he
S
S
I
.
F
ur
t
he
r
m
or
e
,
D
a
bour
e
t
al
.
[
11]
i
n
t
r
oduc
e
d
a
n
i
nd
i
r
e
c
t
f
i
e
l
d
-
or
i
e
nt
e
d
c
ont
r
ol
(
I
F
O
C
)
f
or
a
f
i
v
e
-
pha
s
e
i
nduc
t
i
on
m
ot
or
s
uppl
i
e
d
by
a
S
S
I
.
W
a
ge
h
e
t
al
.
[
12]
pr
opos
e
a
nor
m
a
l
i
z
e
d
s
pa
c
e
v
e
c
t
o
r
m
odul
a
t
i
on
(
S
V
P
W
M
)
t
e
c
hni
que
f
or
a
f
our
-
s
w
i
t
c
h
t
hr
e
e
-
pha
s
e
v
ol
t
a
ge
s
our
c
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
(
F
S
T
P
-
V
S
I
)
,
c
a
p
a
bl
e
of
m
a
i
nt
a
i
ni
ng
s
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
or
y
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
e
v
e
n
i
n
t
he
pr
e
s
e
nc
e
of
v
ol
t
a
g
e
f
l
uc
t
ua
t
i
ons
,
us
i
ng
s
t
a
t
or
v
ol
t
a
g
e
s
i
n
t
he
s
t
a
t
i
ona
r
y
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
r
a
m
e
.
M
or
e
o
v
e
r
,
I
br
a
hi
m
e
t
al
.
[
13]
i
nv
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
t
he
de
s
i
g
n,
a
na
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
m
ode
l
i
ng
,
a
n
d
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
v
a
l
i
da
t
i
on
of
a
S
S
I
t
opol
og
y
i
nt
e
nde
d
f
or
hi
g
h
-
g
a
i
n
D
C
–
A
C
pow
e
r
c
on
v
e
r
s
i
on
w
i
t
h
r
e
duc
e
d
pow
e
r
l
os
s
e
s
.
T
he
a
ut
hor
s
i
nt
r
oduc
e
a
n
a
d
v
a
nc
e
d
c
ont
r
ol
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
ba
s
e
d
on
s
pa
c
e
v
e
c
t
or
m
odul
a
t
i
on
(
S
V
M
)
,
w
hi
c
h
e
na
bl
e
s
t
he
g
e
ne
r
a
t
i
on
of
ne
a
r
-
s
i
nus
oi
da
l
out
put
v
ol
t
a
g
e
s
w
i
t
h
l
ow
ha
r
m
oni
c
di
s
t
or
t
i
on.
A
bdul
hus
s
e
i
n
a
nd
G
ün
[
14]
pr
opos
e
d
a
t
hr
e
e
-
ph
a
s
e
buc
k
–
B
S
S
I
f
or
t
he
i
nt
e
g
r
a
t
i
on
of
l
ow
-
v
ol
t
a
g
e
r
e
ne
w
a
bl
e
e
ne
r
g
y
s
our
c
e
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
phot
o
v
ol
t
a
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
nd
f
ue
l
c
e
l
l
s
,
i
nt
o
m
e
di
u
m
-
v
ol
t
a
g
e
A
C
g
r
i
ds
.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
t
opol
ogy
e
nha
nc
e
s
t
he
v
ol
t
a
g
e
boos
t
i
ng
c
a
pa
bi
l
i
t
y
w
hi
l
e
r
e
duc
i
ng
t
he
v
ol
t
a
ge
s
t
r
e
s
s
a
c
r
os
s
t
he
pow
e
r
s
w
i
t
c
he
s
.
In
M
onj
o
e
t
al
.
[
15]
,
a
c
o
m
pr
e
h
e
ns
i
v
e
s
t
a
bi
l
i
t
y
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
of
gr
i
d
-
c
onne
c
t
e
d
phot
o
v
ol
t
a
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
e
m
pl
oy
i
n
g
a
qua
s
i
-
Z
-
s
our
c
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
(
q
-
Z
S
I
)
w
a
s
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d.
T
h
e
a
ut
hor
s
de
v
e
l
ope
d
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on.
In
A
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-
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al
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[
16]
,
a
s
t
a
nd
-
a
l
one
phot
ov
ol
t
a
i
c
pow
e
r
ge
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[
17]
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r
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ur
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how
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f
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t
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how
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out
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l
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t
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f
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nc
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t
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c
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odul
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e
r
e
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ul
t
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onf
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t
r
ong
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pe
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pe
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n
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nd t
e
m
p
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ondi
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t
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he
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opos
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B
S
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I
s
y
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m
i
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r
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ur
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r
ound
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w
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m
e
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l
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oi
l
c
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g
i
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ph
a
s
e
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e
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gy
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s
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n t
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hr
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bl
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3. I
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F
i
g
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4. P
-
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or
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f
f
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l
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d P
V
m
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
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2502
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4752
I
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43
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1
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J
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20
26
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-
62
44
F
i
g
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5. P
-
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c
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r
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c
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r
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t
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c
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f
f
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m
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pe
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6. B
oos
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s
p
l
i
t
s
our
c
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
t
opol
og
y
2
.2.1.
P
h
as
e
1:
i
n
d
u
c
t
or
c
h
ar
gi
n
g
A
s
s
how
n
i
n F
i
g
ur
e
7, t
he
a
ppr
opr
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a
t
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dg
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t
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h i
s
a
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v
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o t
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he
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nput
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ur
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s
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onne
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t
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gy
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o t
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F
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l
y
,
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he
i
nduc
t
or
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s
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ha
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g
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d.
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y
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w
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s
t
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d
y
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s
t
a
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c
ondi
t
i
ons
,
t
he
e
xpr
e
s
s
i
ons
of
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c
ha
r
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i
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g
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ur
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a
n
d
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t
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ge
c
a
n
b
e
de
r
i
v
e
d:
{
=
=
−
=
=
=
(
6)
B
y
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a
ki
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i
nduc
t
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ur
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6)
c
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r
i
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7)
w
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r
e
:
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=
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0
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0
0
]
,
ℎ
=
[
1
0
0
1
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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c
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A
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R
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45
F
i
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7. I
nduc
t
i
v
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c
h
a
r
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i
ng
s
t
a
g
e
2.2.2
.
P
h
as
e
2
:
i
n
d
u
c
t
or
d
i
s
c
h
ar
gi
n
g
an
d
c
on
ve
r
s
i
o
n
D
ur
i
ng
t
hi
s
pha
s
e
, t
he
e
ne
r
gy s
t
or
e
d i
n t
he
i
nduc
t
or
i
s
t
r
a
ns
f
e
r
r
e
d t
o t
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DC
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a
nd
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l
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v
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r
e
d t
o t
he
i
nv
e
r
t
e
r
br
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dge
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o
m
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ne
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a
c
t
i
on
of
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s
c
ha
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ng
a
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a
pa
c
i
t
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ur
e
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t
a
ge
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t
i
ng
(
boos
t
m
ode
)
a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
8.
F
i
g
ur
e
8
. I
nduc
t
i
v
e
di
s
c
ha
r
g
i
n
g
pha
s
e
D
ur
i
ng
t
hi
s
s
t
a
ge
,
t
he
f
ol
l
ow
i
n
g
r
e
l
a
t
i
ons
hi
ps
a
r
e
obt
a
i
ne
d
a
s
a
f
unc
t
i
on
of
t
he
di
s
c
ha
r
g
i
ng
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y
c
yc
l
e
, de
f
i
ne
d a
s
=
1
−
ℎ
.
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y
a
ppl
y
i
ng
K
i
r
c
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f
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s
V
ol
t
a
ge
L
a
w
,
w
e
obt
a
i
n:
=
−
(
8)
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he
v
ol
t
-
s
e
c
ond ba
l
a
nc
e
(
o
v
e
r
one
s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
pe
r
i
od)
i
s
g
i
v
e
n b
y
:
ℎ
+
(
−
)
=
0
(
9)
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
:
=
(
10)
T
he
c
u
r
r
e
nt
ba
l
a
nc
e
i
s
g
i
v
e
n by
:
=
(
11)
T
he
(
9
-
10)
c
a
n be
r
e
w
r
i
t
t
e
n a
s
:
̇
=
+
(
12)
w
he
r
e
:
=
[
0
−
1
0
1
]
,
=
[
1
0
0
−
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2502
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4752
I
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E
l
e
c
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43
, N
o.
1
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J
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20
26
:
39
-
62
46
I
nduc
t
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r
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14)
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m
d
y
na
m
i
c
s
(
≫
)
.
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nde
r
t
hi
s
c
ondi
t
i
on
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t
a
t
e
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
s
v
a
r
y
s
l
ow
l
y
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
t
o
s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
pe
r
i
od
a
nd
r
i
ppl
e
r
e
m
a
i
ns
s
m
a
l
l
.
T
hi
s
a
ppr
oxi
m
a
t
i
on
i
s
v
a
l
i
d
unde
r
:
c
ont
i
nuous
c
onduc
t
i
on
m
ode
(
C
C
M
)
,
hi
g
h
s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
t
o
a
nd
t
i
m
e
c
ons
t
a
nt
s
,
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nd
ne
g
l
i
g
i
bl
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r
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ppl
e
.
T
he
s
e
a
s
s
u
m
pt
i
ons
j
us
t
i
f
y
t
he
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
d
m
ode
l
f
or
c
ont
r
ol
de
s
i
g
n.
w
i
t
h:
=
1
a
nd
=
1
2
√
2.2.4
.
D
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
at
i
on
of
b
o
os
t
i
n
g
f
ac
t
or
an
d
A
C
vol
t
age
ga
i
n
T
o
s
i
m
pl
i
f
y
t
he
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
on
of
t
he
B
S
S
I
ga
i
ns
,
i
t
i
s
a
s
s
um
e
d
t
ha
t
a
l
l
v
ol
t
a
g
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dr
ops
a
c
r
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s
t
he
t
hr
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e
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pha
s
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
w
i
t
c
he
s
, a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
t
hos
e
a
c
r
os
s
t
he
i
nduc
t
or
s
, c
a
pa
c
i
t
or
s
, a
nd di
ode
s
, a
r
e
ne
g
l
i
g
i
bl
e
.
a.
B
oo
s
t
i
ng
f
a
c
t
or
S
i
m
pl
y
,
t
he
boos
t
i
ng
f
a
c
t
or
i
s
de
f
i
ne
d a
s
t
he
r
a
t
i
o of
t
he
D
C
-
l
i
nk v
ol
t
a
g
e
t
o t
he
P
V
v
ol
t
a
g
e
:
=
U
s
i
ng
t
he
V
ol
t
-
s
e
c
ond ba
l
a
nc
e
de
f
i
ne
d b
y
(
10)
,
w
e
obt
a
i
n:
=
1
=
1
1
−
ℎ
(
15)
b.
AC
ga
i
ns
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
T
he
A
C
v
ol
t
a
ge
ga
i
n
i
s
de
f
i
ne
d
a
s
t
he
r
a
t
i
o
be
t
w
e
e
n
t
he
A
C
out
put
v
ol
t
a
g
e
a
nd
t
he
D
C
v
ol
t
a
ge
s
uppl
i
e
d
by
t
he
P
V
s
our
c
e
.
I
n
t
hi
s
w
or
k,
a
c
onv
e
nt
i
ona
l
s
i
nus
oi
da
l
P
W
M
m
odul
a
t
i
on
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
e
m
pl
oy
e
d
.
W
e
de
f
i
ne
ℎ
a
s
t
he
f
unda
m
e
nt
a
l
pha
s
e
-
to
-
ne
ut
r
a
l
a
m
pl
i
t
ude
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nd
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s
t
he
l
i
ne
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l
i
ne
R
M
S
v
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t
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g
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a
r
e
g
i
v
e
n by
t
he
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ol
l
o
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e
qua
t
i
ons
.
T
he
f
unda
m
e
nt
a
l
pha
s
e
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to
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ne
ut
r
a
l
a
m
pl
i
t
ude
:
ℎ
=
2
=
.
2
√
2
(
16)
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
A
C
v
ol
t
a
ge
ga
i
n be
t
w
e
e
n
ℎ
i
s
g
i
v
e
n b
y
:
ℎ
=
=
2
√
2
(
17)
T
he
l
i
ne
-
to
-
l
i
ne
R
M
S
v
ol
t
a
ge
:
=
√
3
.
.
2
√
2
(
18)
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
A
C
v
ol
t
a
ge
ga
i
n be
t
w
e
e
n
i
s
g
i
v
e
n b
y
:
=
√
3
2
.
2
(
19)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
ndone
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
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g
&
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p S
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4752
A
d
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t
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47
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T
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r
m
ode
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n
a
r
ot
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t
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r
e
f
e
r
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nc
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f
r
a
m
e
.
T
hi
s
a
ppr
oa
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h
c
on
v
e
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t
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t
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or
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g
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pl
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f
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e
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udy
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t
he
dy
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m
i
c
be
ha
v
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or
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
t
he
de
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i
g
n
of
c
ont
r
ol
l
a
w
s
.
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n
t
hi
s
w
or
k,
t
he
i
nduc
t
i
on
m
a
c
hi
ne
m
ode
l
i
s
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
i
n
t
he
f
l
ux
-
or
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e
nt
e
d
r
ot
a
t
i
ng
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
r
a
m
e
.
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hi
s
f
or
m
ul
a
t
i
on
hi
g
hl
i
g
ht
s
t
he
i
nt
e
r
na
l
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l
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t
r
o
m
a
g
ne
t
i
c
i
nt
e
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a
c
t
i
ons
a
nd
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e
s
t
he
s
e
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r
a
t
i
on
be
t
w
e
e
n
t
he
a
c
t
i
v
e
a
nd
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
c
o
m
pone
nt
s
[
20]
–
[
22]
.
T
he
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
dy
na
m
i
c
s
of
t
he
i
nduc
t
i
on
m
ot
or
a
r
e
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d a
s
:
{
=
−
+
+
(
+
)
+
=
−
−
+
(
−
)
+
=
i
−
+
(
−
)
=
−
−
(
−
)
(
20)
w
he
r
e
=
+
2
,
=
1
−
2
,
=
T
he
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
t
or
que
c
a
n be
e
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e
s
s
e
d a
s
:
=
3
2
(
−
)
(
21)
T
hus
, t
he
m
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
s
pe
e
d d
y
na
m
i
c
s
Ω
of
t
he
m
a
c
hi
ne
c
a
n be
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
:
Ω
=
1
(
−
+
Ω
)
(
22)
3.
A
D
A
P
T
I
V
E
V
E
C
T
O
R
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
O
F
I
M
-
B
S
S
I
F
i
e
l
d
-
or
i
e
nt
e
d
c
ont
r
ol
(
F
O
C
)
r
e
m
a
i
ns
a
be
nc
h
m
a
r
k
t
e
c
hni
que
f
or
hi
g
h
-
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
c
ont
r
ol
of
i
nduc
t
i
on
m
a
c
hi
ne
s
,
ow
i
ng
t
o
i
t
s
c
a
pa
bi
l
i
t
y
t
o
a
c
hi
e
v
e
a
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
de
c
oupl
i
ng
be
t
w
e
e
n
f
l
ux
a
nd
t
or
que
c
o
m
pone
nt
s
.
N
e
v
e
r
t
he
l
e
s
s
,
i
t
s
di
r
e
c
t
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
t
o
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
e
ne
r
g
y
c
on
v
e
r
s
i
on
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
s
uc
h
a
s
t
he
i
nduc
t
i
on
m
ot
or
–
B
S
S
I
i
s
not
s
t
r
a
i
g
ht
f
or
w
a
r
d.
I
n
s
uc
h
c
onf
i
g
ur
a
t
i
ons
,
t
he
pr
e
s
e
nc
e
o
f
s
t
r
ong
nonl
i
ne
a
r
i
t
i
e
s
,
c
oupl
i
ng
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
,
a
nd
c
on
v
e
r
t
e
r
-
i
nduc
e
d
c
ons
t
r
a
i
nt
s
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
l
y
de
gr
a
de
s
t
he
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
c
on
v
e
nt
i
ona
l
F
O
C
s
c
he
m
e
s
,
pa
r
t
i
c
ul
a
r
l
y
unde
r
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
i
e
s
a
nd
e
xt
e
r
na
l
d
i
s
t
ur
ba
nc
e
s
.
T
o
ov
e
r
c
o
m
e
t
he
s
e
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
ons
,
a
n
a
da
pt
i
v
e
v
e
c
t
or
c
ont
r
ol
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
i
s
pr
opos
e
d.
T
h
e
c
or
e
i
de
a
c
ons
i
s
t
s
i
n
r
e
de
f
i
ni
ng
t
he
c
ont
r
ol
i
npu
t
by
i
nc
or
por
a
t
i
ng
a
hy
br
i
d
c
ont
r
ol
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
t
ha
t
s
y
ne
r
g
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
c
o
m
bi
ne
s
t
w
o
a
d
v
a
nc
e
d
c
ont
r
ol
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
.
F
i
r
s
t
,
a
S
M
C
l
a
w
i
s
e
m
pl
oye
d
t
o
r
e
g
ul
a
t
e
t
he
D
C
-
l
i
nk
v
ol
t
a
g
e
,
e
ns
ur
i
n
g
r
obus
t
ne
s
s
a
g
a
i
ns
t
di
s
t
ur
ba
nc
e
s
a
nd
m
ode
l
unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
i
e
s
. S
e
c
ond, t
he
s
pe
e
d c
ont
r
ol
l
oop i
s
g
o
v
e
r
ne
d b
y
a
n
a
da
pt
i
v
e
P
I
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
de
s
i
g
ne
d
us
i
ng
L
i
e
de
r
i
v
a
t
i
v
e
-
ba
s
e
d
f
e
e
dba
c
k
l
i
ne
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
on,
a
l
l
ow
i
ng
f
or
a
n
e
xpl
i
c
i
t
c
om
pe
ns
a
t
i
on
of
s
y
s
t
e
m
nonl
i
ne
a
r
i
t
i
e
s
a
nd
a
n
onl
i
ne
a
dj
us
t
m
e
nt
of
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
g
a
i
ns
.
T
he
c
om
pl
e
t
e
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
of
t
he
pr
op
os
e
d
a
da
pt
i
v
e
v
e
c
t
or
c
on
t
r
o
l
s
c
he
m
e
i
s
de
pi
c
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
9.
W
he
re
t
he
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
be
t
w
e
e
n
t
he
i
nne
r
c
ur
r
e
nt
l
oo
ps
,
t
he
D
C
-
l
i
nk r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
on
, a
n
d
t
he
a
da
p
t
i
v
e
s
pe
e
d c
on
t
r
o
l
l
oo
p
i
s
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
e
d.
3.
1
.
S
M
C
of
D
C
-
b
u
s
vol
t
age
B
y
c
o
m
bi
ni
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
(
7)
a
nd (
12)
, t
he
c
o
m
pl
e
t
e
D
C
-
l
i
nk
v
ol
t
a
g
e
m
od
e
l
i
s
obt
a
i
ne
d:
̇
=
+
(
23)
w
i
t
h
=
(
1
−
ℎ
)
a
nd
=
ℎ
ℎ
+
(
1
−
ℎ
)
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
, t
he
s
t
a
t
e
-
s
pa
c
e
m
od
e
l
c
a
n be
w
r
i
t
t
e
n a
s
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
ndone
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
om
p S
c
i
, V
ol
.
43
, N
o.
1
,
J
ul
y
20
26
:
39
-
62
48
[
]
=
[
0
−
(
1
−
ℎ
)
0
1
]
[
]
+
[
1
0
0
(
ℎ
(
+
1
)
−
)
]
[
]
(
24)
T
he
out
put
v
e
c
t
or
i
s
g
i
v
e
n by
:
(
)
=
[
0
1
]
[
]
F
i
g
ur
e
9. P
r
opos
e
d a
da
pt
i
v
e
v
e
c
t
or
c
ont
r
ol
s
c
he
m
e
f
or
t
he
I
M
–
B
S
S
I
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
nt
e
g
r
a
t
i
ng
s
l
i
di
ng
m
ode
D
C
-
l
i
nk
r
e
g
ul
a
t
i
on a
nd a
da
pt
i
v
e
P
I
s
pe
e
d c
ont
r
ol
ba
s
e
d on f
e
e
dba
c
k l
i
ne
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
on
T
he
s
t
a
t
e
-
s
pa
c
e
m
ode
l
i
n
(
24
)
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
t
he
m
ode
l
of
one
pha
s
e
of
t
hr
e
e
pha
s
e
s
B
S
S
I
.
T
h
e
S
M
C
i
s
ba
s
e
d
on
de
f
i
ni
ng
a
s
l
i
di
ng
s
ur
f
a
c
e
S
a
nd
de
s
i
g
ni
ng
a
c
ont
r
ol
l
a
w
t
ha
t
f
or
c
e
s
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
o
r
e
m
a
i
n
on
t
hi
s
s
ur
f
a
c
e
.
F
r
o
m
m
ode
l
(
24
)
,
t
he
s
t
a
t
e
e
r
r
or
s
a
r
e
de
f
i
ne
d
a
s
:
{
1
=
−
∗
2
=
−
∗
(
25
)
T
o
g
ua
r
a
nt
e
e
t
he
a
s
ym
pt
ot
i
c
c
on
v
e
r
g
e
nc
e
of
t
he
e
r
r
o
r
dy
na
m
i
c
s
t
o t
he
or
i
g
i
n, a
n a
ppr
opr
i
a
t
e
s
l
i
di
ng
s
ur
f
a
c
e
f
or
t
he
D
C
-
l
i
nk i
s
de
f
i
ne
d a
s
:
=
1
1
+
2
2
(
26
)
w
he
r
e
1
,
2
a
r
e
t
he
pos
i
t
i
v
e
w
e
i
g
ht
i
ng
c
oe
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
s
.
A
f
t
e
r
s
ubs
t
i
t
ut
i
ng
t
he
a
na
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
f
or
m
s
of
1
a
nd
2
, t
he
s
l
i
di
ng
s
ur
f
a
c
e
c
a
n be
r
e
f
or
m
ul
a
t
e
d a
s
f
ol
l
ow
s
i
n
v
e
c
t
or
not
a
t
i
on:
=
−
(
)
(
27
)
w
he
r
e
:
=
[
1
2
]
,
(
)
=
1
∗
+
2
∗
,
=
[
]
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