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ec
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tr
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a
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ep
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f
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m
3
5
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tif
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eq
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s
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ch
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d
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g
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ter
m
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s
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it
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p
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A
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t
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a
n
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as
f
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l
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ws
.
S
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ct
i
o
n
2
r
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v
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d
w
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n
X
A
I
,
t
r
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f
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.
S
e
ct
i
o
n
3
p
r
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e
n
t
s
t
h
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e
s
e
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c
h
p
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b
l
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m
.
S
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ct
i
o
n
4
i
n
t
r
o
d
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t
h
e
p
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p
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s
e
d
O
T
P
S
f
r
a
m
ew
o
r
k
.
S
ec
t
i
o
n
5
r
e
p
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t
s
t
h
e
u
s
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r
a
s
s
es
s
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
el
i
c
it
a
t
io
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
.
S
e
c
ti
o
n
6
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
es
t
h
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
,
a
n
d
S
e
ct
i
o
n
7
c
o
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
t
h
e
p
a
p
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r
wi
t
h
l
i
m
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t
at
i
o
n
s
a
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d
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
es
e
a
r
c
h
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
XAI
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
an
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
esear
ch
ar
ea
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
in
ter
p
r
eta
b
ilit
y
,
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
,
an
d
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
AI
-
d
r
i
v
en
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Prio
r
s
tu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
e
x
am
in
e
d
XAI
f
r
o
m
b
o
t
h
tech
n
ical
a
n
d
h
u
m
an
-
ce
n
ter
ed
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
Yan
g
et
a
l.
[
1
]
r
ev
iewe
d
m
ajo
r
XAI
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
an
d
h
ig
h
lig
h
te
d
th
e
co
n
ti
n
u
in
g
ch
allen
g
e
o
f
b
alan
cin
g
in
ter
p
r
eta
b
ilit
y
with
m
o
d
el
co
m
p
lex
ity
.
Vis
er
et
a
l.
[
2
]
ex
am
in
e
d
th
e
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
ex
p
lain
ab
ilit
y
,
tr
u
s
t,
d
is
tr
u
s
t,
an
d
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
elia
n
ce
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
s
d
o
n
o
t
a
u
to
m
atica
lly
p
r
o
d
u
ce
b
etter
tr
u
s
t
o
u
tc
o
m
es.
Nav
ee
d
et
a
l.
[
3
]
em
p
h
asized
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
u
s
er
-
ce
n
te
r
ed
e
v
a
lu
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
in
XAI
,
wh
ile
Haq
u
e
et
a
l.
[
4
]
s
y
n
th
esized
u
s
er
-
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e
r
esear
ch
an
d
i
d
en
tifie
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
ex
p
lain
ab
le
AI
.
Ali
et
a
l.
[
5
]
f
u
r
th
e
r
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
AI
,
in
clu
d
in
g
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
r
elia
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
s
y
s
tem
b
eh
av
io
r
.
T
o
g
eth
er
,
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
s
h
o
w
th
at
ex
p
lain
ab
ilit
y
m
u
s
t
g
o
b
e
y
o
n
d
tech
n
ical
m
o
d
el
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
an
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
also
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
u
s
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
,
u
s
a
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
elian
ce
.
A
s
ec
o
n
d
m
ajo
r
d
i
r
ec
tio
n
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
tr
u
s
t
ca
lib
r
atio
n
,
af
f
ec
tiv
e
d
esig
n
,
ad
ap
tiv
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
,
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
XAI
.
Naiseh
et
a
l.
[
6
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
C
alib
r
ated
-
XAI
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
tr
u
s
t
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
b
o
th
o
v
er
-
tr
u
s
t
an
d
u
n
d
er
-
tr
u
s
t.
B
er
n
ar
d
o
a
n
d
Sev
a
[
7]
h
ig
h
lig
h
te
d
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
af
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
e
m
o
tio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
in
u
s
er
-
ce
n
ter
ed
XAI
d
esig
n
.
Su
f
f
ian
et
a
l.
[
8
]
s
h
o
wed
th
at
u
s
er
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
co
u
n
ter
f
ac
tu
al
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
s
,
wh
ile
Nim
m
o
et
a
l.
[
9
]
q
u
esti
o
n
ed
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
an
d
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
o
n
ly
s
elec
ted
u
s
er
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
m
ay
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
lly
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
ex
p
lan
atio
n
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
.
Kap
lan
et
a
l.
[
1
0
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
u
s
e
r
-
ce
n
tr
ic
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
ex
p
lai
n
ab
le
AI
a
cr
o
s
s
th
e
s
y
s
tem
life
cy
cle.
Oth
er
s
tu
d
ie
s
h
av
e
e
x
p
an
d
ed
XAI
in
to
ap
p
lied
d
o
m
ain
s
s
u
ch
as
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
f
air
n
ess
,
ex
p
lan
atio
n
tim
in
g
,
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
,
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
,
a
n
d
A
I
-
g
e
n
er
ated
ad
v
er
tis
in
g
.
Ge
et
a
l.
[
1
1
]
ex
a
m
in
ed
ex
p
lain
ab
le
f
air
n
ess
in
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
C
h
en
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
s
h
o
wed
th
at
ex
p
lan
atio
n
tim
in
g
af
f
ec
ts
u
s
er
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
s
a
n
d
tr
u
s
t,
W
est
e
t
a
l.
[
1
3
]
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
c
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
ca
n
cr
ea
te
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t
in
s
o
cial
m
e
d
ia
s
y
s
tem
s
,
B
ai
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
a
p
p
lied
XAI
to
u
s
er
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
t
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
,
an
d
J
u
n
g
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
tr
u
s
t,
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
h
u
m
a
n
n
ess
,
an
d
an
x
iety
in
AI
-
g
en
er
ated
ad
v
er
tis
in
g
.
Mo
r
e
r
ec
en
t
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
s
tu
d
ies
f
u
r
th
er
s
h
o
w
th
at
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
elec
tiv
e,
co
n
tex
tu
al,
an
d
alig
n
ed
with
h
u
m
a
n
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
Miller
[
1
6
]
ar
g
u
ed
th
at
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
an
d
s
h
o
u
ld
av
o
id
ex
h
a
u
s
tiv
e
tech
n
ical
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e.
Do
s
h
i
-
Vele
z
an
d
Kim
[
1
7
]
e
m
p
h
asized
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
s
cien
ce
o
f
in
ter
p
r
e
tab
ilit
y
b
ased
o
n
h
u
m
a
n
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
a
n
d
d
e
cisi
o
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
Ab
d
u
l
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
id
en
tifie
d
th
e
s
h
if
t
to
war
d
h
u
m
a
n
-
ce
n
ter
e
d
ex
p
lain
ab
le
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
is
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
co
g
n
itiv
e
o
v
er
lo
ad
a
n
d
m
is
m
atch
ed
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
tim
in
g
.
E
h
s
an
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
in
t
r
o
d
u
c
ed
r
ef
lectiv
e
XAI
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
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n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
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m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
User
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r
eq
u
ir
eme
n
ts
el
icita
tio
n
fo
r
ex
p
la
i
n
a
b
le
A
I
tr
a
n
s
p
a
r
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cy
… (
Osa
ma
Da
kh
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273
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ter
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p
r
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ce
s
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d
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o
r
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an
[
2
0
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
lem
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tatio
n
o
f
AI
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ile
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ad
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l.
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2
1
]
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h
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at
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s
’
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o
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ith
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u
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et
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l.
[
2
2
]
d
em
o
n
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tr
ated
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s
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[
2
3
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ed
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4
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ter
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l.
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2
5
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s
h
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ig
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f
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elity
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a
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AI
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XAI
liter
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r
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t
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[
1
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5
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,
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
Ex
p
l
a
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A
I
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[
3
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[
4
]
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[
1
8
]
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[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
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I
d
e
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ser
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Tr
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[
2
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
2
2
]
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[
2
5
]
S
u
p
p
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t
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[
8
]
–
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
4
]
Us
e
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
,
p
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so
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F
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A
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s
[
1
1
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,
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
4
]
S
h
o
w
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m
p
o
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t
a
n
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f
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R
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n
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
3
]
S
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
e
x
c
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v
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O
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d
a
b
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c
t
d
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s
c
l
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s
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r
e
3.
P
RO
B
L
E
M
D
E
F
I
N
I
T
I
O
N
C
u
r
r
en
t
ex
p
lain
a
b
le
AI
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
o
f
ten
ass
u
m
e
th
at
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
will
au
t
o
m
atica
lly
im
p
r
o
v
e
u
s
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
,
tr
u
s
t,
an
d
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
is
lim
ited
in
u
s
er
-
f
ac
in
g
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
a
n
d
ad
v
er
tis
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
er
e
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
s
m
ay
ex
p
o
s
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
p
r
e
f
er
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ce
s
,
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
p
atter
n
s
,
o
r
in
f
e
r
r
ed
u
s
er
c
h
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Prio
r
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
th
at
ex
p
lain
ab
ilit
y
d
o
es
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
elian
ce
,
esp
ec
iall
y
wh
en
ex
p
lan
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n
s
ar
e
o
v
er
l
y
d
etailed
,
p
o
o
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ly
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n
tex
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ali
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d
,
o
r
d
if
f
icu
lt
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
to
in
ter
p
r
et
[
2
]
,
[
6
]
.
I
n
s
u
ch
ca
s
es,
s
tatic
o
r
u
n
r
estric
ted
ex
p
lan
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n
d
eliv
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y
m
a
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
co
g
n
itiv
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lo
ad
,
p
r
i
v
ac
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
,
a
n
d
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e
r
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
s
u
r
v
eillan
ce
r
ath
e
r
th
an
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
tr
u
s
t [
1
3
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
m
ain
p
r
o
b
lem
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
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r
p
o
o
r
ly
tim
ed
,
u
s
er
s
m
a
y
ex
p
er
ien
ce
ex
p
lan
atio
n
f
atig
u
e
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
OT
PS
en
co
u
r
ag
es
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
d
esi
g
n
th
at
r
em
ain
s
clea
r
,
lig
h
twe
ig
h
t,
an
d
ad
a
p
tab
le
o
v
er
tim
e.
4
.
1
.
P
r
a
ct
ica
l
i
m
plem
ent
a
t
io
n
of
t
he
O
TP
S
f
ra
m
ewo
r
k
T
h
e
OT
PS
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ca
n
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
as
a
m
o
d
u
lar
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
c
o
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
f
o
u
r
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
: th
e
AI
R
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
E
n
g
in
e,
E
x
p
lan
atio
n
Gen
er
atio
n
Mo
d
u
le,
T
r
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
,
an
d
User
I
n
ter
ac
tio
n
I
n
ter
f
ac
e.
T
h
e
AI
R
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
E
n
g
in
e
g
en
er
ates th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
,
ad
v
er
tis
em
en
t,
o
r
d
ec
is
io
n
o
u
tp
u
t
u
s
in
g
th
e
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
AI
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
E
x
p
la
n
atio
n
Gen
er
atio
n
Mo
d
u
le
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
in
ter
p
r
etab
le
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
u
s
in
g
s
u
itab
le
XAI
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as
SHAP,
L
I
ME
,
f
ea
tu
r
e
attr
ib
u
tio
n
,
o
r
co
u
n
ter
f
ac
t
u
al
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
T
r
a
n
s
p
ar
en
cy
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
,
wh
ich
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
OT
P
S
lay
er
,
r
eg
u
lates
ex
p
lan
atio
n
d
e
p
th
,
tim
in
g
,
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
lev
el,
a
n
d
u
s
er
co
n
tr
o
l
b
ased
o
n
u
s
er
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
,
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tex
t,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
Us
er
I
n
ter
ac
tio
n
I
n
ter
f
ac
e
p
r
esen
ts
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
an
d
ab
le
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
p
an
els,
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
,
t
r
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
s
ettin
g
s
,
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
p
tio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
OT
PS
.
T
h
e
AI
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
at
io
n
en
g
in
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
,
th
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
g
en
er
atio
n
m
o
d
u
le
p
r
ep
a
r
es
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
c
o
n
te
n
t,
an
d
th
e
OT
PS
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
ete
r
m
in
es
wh
eth
er
th
e
ex
p
lan
a
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
h
o
wn
im
m
ed
iately
,
d
elay
ed
,
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
,
e
x
p
an
d
ed
,
ab
s
tr
a
cted
,
o
r
co
n
t
r
o
lled
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
th
e
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
in
a
clea
r
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ica
lly
s
af
e
m
an
n
er
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
allo
ws
OT
PS
to
b
e
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
ex
is
tin
g
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
an
d
ad
v
e
r
tis
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
with
o
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
m
ajo
r
ch
an
g
es
to
th
e
u
n
d
er
ly
i
n
g
AI
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
as
a
m
id
d
lewa
r
e
o
r
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
-
lev
el
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
la
y
er
.
B
y
s
ep
ar
atin
g
ex
p
lan
atio
n
g
en
er
atio
n
f
r
o
m
ex
p
lan
atio
n
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
OT
PS
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
f
lex
i
b
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t A
I
p
latf
o
r
m
s
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
d
o
m
ain
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pra
ctica
l
in
ter
f
ac
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
OT
PS
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
f
o
r
AI
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
at
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
4.
2
.
T
ec
hn
ica
l
ev
a
lu
a
t
io
n o
f
t
he
O
T
P
S
f
ra
m
ew
o
r
k
T
h
e
OT
PS
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
tech
n
ically
f
ea
s
ib
le
b
ec
au
s
e
it
c
an
b
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
as
an
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
lay
er
b
etwe
en
th
e
AI
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
en
g
in
e
an
d
th
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
.
T
h
e
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
AI
m
o
d
el
r
em
ain
s
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
g
e
n
e
r
atin
g
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
,
wh
i
le
th
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
g
e
n
er
atio
n
m
o
d
u
le
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
in
ter
p
r
etab
le
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
co
n
t
en
t
u
s
in
g
ex
is
tin
g
XAI
tech
n
i
q
u
es
s
u
ch
as
SHAP,
L
I
ME
,
f
e
atu
r
e
attr
ib
u
tio
n
,
o
r
co
u
n
ter
f
ac
t
u
al
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
OT
PS
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
co
n
t
r
o
l
ler
th
en
r
eg
u
lates
th
e
lev
el
o
f
ex
p
lan
atio
n
d
etail,
tim
in
g
o
f
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e,
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
lev
el,
a
n
d
u
s
er
c
o
n
tr
o
l
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
to
th
e
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
s
t
o
f
OT
PS
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
g
e
n
er
atio
n
m
o
d
u
le,
esp
ec
ially
wh
en
f
ea
tu
r
e
-
attr
i
b
u
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
I
f
(
m
)
r
ep
r
es
en
ts
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
o
d
el
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
i
n
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
43
,
No
.
1
,
J
u
ly
20
26
:
271
-
2
8
0
276
ex
p
lan
atio
n
a
n
d
(
n
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
p
u
t
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
,
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
ity
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
(
1
)
:
O
(
m
×
n
)
(
1
)
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
OT
PS
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
n
eg
lig
ib
le
o
v
er
h
ea
d
b
ec
au
s
e
it
m
ain
ly
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
r
u
le
-
b
ased
o
r
p
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
-
b
ased
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
ex
p
lan
atio
n
d
ep
t
h
,
tim
in
g
,
an
d
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
lev
el.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
OT
PS
r
ed
u
ce
s
u
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ad
ap
tiv
e
tr
i
g
g
er
in
g
,
wh
er
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
o
n
l
y
wh
e
n
r
eq
u
es
ted
b
y
th
e
u
s
er
o
r
wh
e
n
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
c
o
n
tex
t.
T
h
is
av
o
i
d
s
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ex
p
lan
atio
n
g
en
e
r
atio
n
an
d
h
elp
s
m
ain
tain
ef
f
icien
t
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
ab
le
3
illu
s
tr
ate
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
OT
PS
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Ov
er
all,
OT
PS
ca
n
b
e
in
teg
r
a
ted
in
to
ex
is
tin
g
AI
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
a
n
d
a
d
v
er
tis
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
with
o
u
t
m
ajo
r
ch
an
g
es
to
th
e
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
m
o
d
el
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
Sin
ce
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ep
ar
ates
ex
p
lan
atio
n
g
en
er
atio
n
f
r
o
m
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
cy
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
it
ca
n
o
p
e
r
ate
as
a
m
id
d
lew
ar
e
o
r
in
ter
f
ac
e
-
lev
el
c
o
n
tr
o
l
lay
er
.
T
h
is
m
a
k
es
OT
PS
p
r
ac
tical
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
an
d
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
wh
er
e
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
with
o
u
t
cr
ea
tin
g
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
laten
cy
,
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
o
v
e
r
lo
ad
,
o
r
s
y
s
tem
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
OT
PS
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
A
I
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
N
o
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
o
v
e
r
h
e
a
d
Ex
p
l
a
n
a
t
i
o
n
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
c
o
st
d
e
p
e
n
d
i
n
g
o
n
S
H
A
P
,
L
I
M
E,
o
r
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
X
A
I
met
h
o
d
O
TPS
t
r
a
n
sp
a
r
e
n
c
y
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
N
e
g
l
i
g
i
b
l
e
o
v
e
r
h
e
a
d
U
ser i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
r
e
n
d
e
r
i
n
g
M
i
n
i
m
a
l
o
v
e
r
h
e
a
d
A
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
t
r
i
g
g
e
r
i
n
g
R
e
d
u
c
e
s
u
n
n
e
c
e
ssar
y
e
x
p
l
a
n
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
mp
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
5.
USE
R
A
SS
E
SS
M
E
NT
A
ND
RE
Q
UIR
E
M
E
N
T
S
E
L
I
CI
T
AT
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
u
s
er
ass
ess
m
en
t
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ev
al
u
ate
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
OT
PS
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
was
to
id
en
tify
u
s
er
-
ce
n
ter
ed
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
r
ela
ted
to
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t,
u
s
er
co
n
tr
o
l,
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
s
af
ety
,
tr
u
s
t
ca
lib
r
atio
n
,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
u
s
ab
ilit
y
in
ex
p
lain
ab
le
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
.
A
s
u
r
v
ey
was
co
n
d
u
cted
with
3
5
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wh
o
r
eg
u
lar
ly
in
ter
ac
t
with
d
i
g
ital
p
latf
o
r
m
s
s
u
ch
as
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
s
er
v
ices,
s
tr
ea
m
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
alize
d
ad
v
er
tis
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
3
0
L
ik
er
t
-
s
ca
le
item
s
g
r
o
u
p
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
u
r
OT
PS
g
o
als.
E
ac
h
item
was
ev
alu
at
ed
u
s
in
g
a
f
iv
e
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
le
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
(
Ver
y
L
o
w)
to
5
(
Ver
y
Hig
h
)
.
T
h
e
tab
les
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
s
u
m
m
a
r
ize
th
e
p
ar
ticip
a
n
t
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ics
(
T
ab
le
4
)
,
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
t
ics
(
T
ab
le
5
)
,
cu
m
u
lativ
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
(
T
a
b
le
6
)
,
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
r
e
liab
ilit
y
(
T
ab
le
7
)
,
a
n
d
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
with
ex
is
tin
g
XAI
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
(
T
ab
le
8
)
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
p
r
o
f
ile
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
s
am
p
le
was
s
u
ita
b
le
f
o
r
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
u
s
er
-
ce
n
ter
ed
ass
ess
m
en
t
b
ec
au
s
e
m
o
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
f
am
iliar
with
d
ig
ital
p
latf
o
r
m
s
an
d
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
is
m
o
d
est,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
u
s
ef
u
l
in
itial
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
elicitatio
n
an
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
r
e
f
in
em
en
t.
T
ab
le
4
.
Par
ticip
an
t
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ics
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
D
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
To
t
a
l
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
s
35
M
a
l
e
2
0
(
5
7
%)
F
e
mal
e
1
5
(
4
3
%)
A
g
e
1
8
–
20
1
4
%
A
g
e
2
1
–
30
6
3
%
A
g
e
3
1
–
40
2
3
%
Te
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
b
a
c
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
7
1
%
N
o
n
-
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
b
a
c
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
2
9
%
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esu
lts
wer
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
f
o
u
r
OT
PS
g
o
als
u
s
in
g
m
ea
n
a
n
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
g
e
n
er
ally
p
o
s
itiv
e
u
s
er
p
er
ce
p
t
io
n
to
war
d
a
d
ap
tiv
e
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
u
s
er
c
o
n
tr
o
l,
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
s
af
ety
,
tr
u
s
t
ca
l
ib
r
atio
n
,
a
n
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
u
s
ab
il
ity
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
u
s
er
s
d
o
n
o
t
p
r
ef
er
u
n
r
estricte
d
o
r
o
v
er
ly
d
etailed
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
b
y
d
ef
a
u
lt.
I
n
s
tead
,
th
ey
f
av
o
r
ex
p
lan
atio
n
m
e
ch
an
is
m
s
th
at
ad
ap
t
to
co
n
tex
t,
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
u
itab
le
le
v
els
o
f
d
etail,
an
d
allo
w
u
s
er
s
to
co
n
tr
o
l
h
o
w
m
u
c
h
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
d
is
clo
s
ed
.
Go
al
2
an
d
Go
al
4
r
ec
eiv
ed
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est m
ea
n
s
co
r
es,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
u
s
er
c
o
n
tr
o
l,
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
awa
r
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
d
esig
n
,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
u
s
ab
ilit
y
ar
e
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
o
r
ex
p
lain
ab
le
AI
in
ter
f
ac
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
User
-
ce
n
tered
r
eq
u
ir
eme
n
ts
el
icita
tio
n
fo
r
ex
p
la
i
n
a
b
le
A
I
tr
a
n
s
p
a
r
en
cy
… (
Osa
ma
Da
kh
el
A
ls
u
h
a
imy
)
277
T
ab
le
5
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
u
s
er
ass
ess
m
e
n
t r
esu
lts
ac
r
o
s
s
OT
P
S
g
o
al
s
O
TPS
g
o
a
l
M
e
a
n
SD
K
e
y
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
G
o
a
l
1
:
t
r
a
n
sp
a
r
e
n
c
y
a
d
j
u
s
t
me
n
t
a
n
d
e
x
p
l
a
n
a
t
i
o
n
t
i
m
i
n
g
3
.
6
9
1
.
0
2
U
sers su
p
p
o
r
t
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
t
i
m
i
n
g
a
n
d
g
r
a
d
u
a
l
e
x
p
l
a
n
a
t
i
o
n
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
y
G
o
a
l
2
:
u
ser
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
p
sy
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
safet
y
3
.
9
2
0
.
9
8
U
sers st
r
o
n
g
l
y
v
a
l
u
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
a
b
s
t
r
a
c
t
d
i
s
c
l
o
su
r
e
,
a
n
d
p
r
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v
a
c
y
-
a
w
a
r
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e
x
p
l
a
n
a
t
i
o
n
s
G
o
a
l
3
:
t
r
u
s
t
c
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
d
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p
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p
l
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s
3
.
8
4
1
.
0
1
U
sers su
p
p
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t
e
x
p
l
a
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a
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i
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t
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a
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p
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r
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t
a
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d
u
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d
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r
-
t
r
u
st
G
o
a
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4
:
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
u
s
a
b
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l
i
t
y
a
n
d
su
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a
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b
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l
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t
y
3
.
9
5
0
.
9
4
U
sers p
r
e
f
e
r
e
x
p
l
a
n
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
sms
t
h
a
t
r
e
ma
i
n
u
s
e
f
u
l
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
i
n
t
r
u
s
i
v
e
o
v
e
r
t
i
me
S
D
:
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
T
ab
le
6
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
m
b
in
e
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
all
f
o
u
r
g
o
als.
I
n
s
tead
o
f
u
s
in
g
s
ep
ar
ate
ch
ar
ts
f
o
r
ea
ch
g
o
al,
th
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
atter
n
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es
an
d
v
is
u
ally
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
d
o
m
in
an
ce
o
f
h
ig
h
an
d
v
e
r
y
h
ig
h
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
Fro
m
a
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
e
r
esu
lts
id
en
tify
s
ev
er
al
im
p
o
r
tan
t
d
esig
n
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
ex
p
lain
ab
le
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
.
First,
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
r
at
h
er
th
an
s
tatic.
Seco
n
d
,
u
s
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
g
iv
en
co
n
t
r
o
l
o
v
er
e
x
p
lan
a
tio
n
d
ep
th
an
d
d
ata
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e.
T
h
ir
d
,
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
in
ter
f
ac
es
s
h
o
u
l
d
co
m
m
u
n
icate
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
an
d
co
n
f
id
en
ce
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
tr
u
s
t
ca
lib
r
atio
n
.
Fo
u
r
th
,
t
r
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
s
h
o
u
ld
r
em
ain
lig
h
tweig
h
t a
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
a
b
le
d
u
r
in
g
r
ep
ea
ted
u
s
e.
T
o
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
r
eliab
il
ity
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e,
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
Alp
h
a
an
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
f
o
u
r
OT
PS
co
n
s
tr
u
cts.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
was 0
.
8
7
,
wh
ich
is
ab
o
v
e
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
ac
ce
p
ted
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
0
.
7
0
an
d
in
d
icate
s
s
tr
o
n
g
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
T
ab
le
6
.
Fin
al
cu
m
u
lativ
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
all
g
o
als
G
o
a
l
V
e
r
y
l
o
w
Lo
w
N
e
u
t
r
a
l
H
i
g
h
V
e
r
y
h
i
g
h
G
o
a
l
1
6
.
4
%
1
2
.
5
%
2
2
.
0
%
2
6
.
0
%
3
4
.
0
%
G
o
a
l
2
5
.
0
%
1
0
.
7
%
1
7
.
9
%
2
4
.
6
%
4
3
.
9
%
G
o
a
l
3
7
.
3
%
1
0
.
8
%
1
8
.
4
%
2
1
.
6
%
4
3
.
8
%
G
o
a
l
4
8
.
0
%
9
.
7
%
1
4
.
3
%
2
5
.
1
%
4
6
.
3
%
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
6
.
6
8
%
1
0
.
9
3
%
1
8
.
1
5
%
2
4
.
3
3
%
4
2
.
0
0
%
T
ab
le
7
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
u
s
er
ass
ess
m
en
t r
esu
lts
ac
r
o
s
s
OT
P
S
go
als
C
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
N
o
.
o
f
i
t
e
m
s
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s Al
p
h
a
G
o
a
l
1
:
t
r
a
n
sp
a
r
e
n
c
y
t
i
m
i
n
g
8
0
.
8
4
G
o
a
l
2
:
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
s
a
f
e
t
y
8
0
.
8
8
G
o
a
l
3
:
t
r
u
s
t
c
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
9
0
.
8
6
G
o
a
l
4
:
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
u
s
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
5
0
.
8
5
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
30
0
.
8
7
A
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
g
o
o
d
n
ess
-
of
-
f
it
t
est
was
also
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
th
e
ag
g
r
eg
ated
L
ik
er
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
ex
am
in
e
wh
eth
er
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
if
f
er
e
d
f
r
o
m
a
u
n
if
o
r
m
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
was
s
tatis
t
ically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t,
χ²
=
4
2
.
3
1
,
p
<
0
.
0
1
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
es
in
th
e
Hig
h
an
d
Ver
y
Hig
h
ca
teg
o
r
ies
was
u
n
lik
ely
to
b
e
d
u
e
to
r
a
n
d
o
m
v
ar
iatio
n
.
T
h
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
th
at
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
f
av
o
r
ed
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
OT
PS
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
.
I
n
T
a
b
le
8
,
th
e
OT
PS
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
was
c
o
m
p
a
r
ed
with
ex
is
tin
g
e
x
p
lain
ab
le
AI
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
clar
i
f
y
its
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
E
x
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
al
u
ab
le
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
in
ter
p
r
etab
il
ity
,
tr
u
s
t
ca
lib
r
atio
n
,
u
s
er
-
ce
n
ter
ed
ev
alu
atio
n
,
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
d
esig
n
.
H
o
wev
er
,
th
e
y
d
o
n
o
t
f
u
lly
co
m
b
in
e
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
d
ep
th
,
tim
in
g
,
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
,
u
s
er
co
n
tr
o
l,
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ical
s
af
ety
with
in
o
n
e
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
ab
le
8
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
OT
PS
mod
el
an
d
r
elate
d
wo
r
k
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
O
TPS
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
Y
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
]
C
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
e
d
-
X
A
I
(
C
-
X
A
I
)
[
6
]
R
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
X
A
I
[
1
9
]
Tr
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
c
y
a
d
j
u
st
m
e
n
t
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
No
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
P
sy
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
s
a
f
e
t
y
Y
e
s
No
Y
e
s
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
U
ser c
o
n
t
r
o
l
Y
e
s
No
No
Y
e
s
P
r
i
v
a
c
y
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
h
a
n
d
l
i
n
g
Y
e
s
No
Y
e
s
No
A
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
e
x
p
l
a
n
a
t
i
o
n
t
i
m
i
n
g
Y
e
s
No
No
No
Li
f
e
c
y
c
l
e
-
w
i
d
e
t
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
c
y
Y
e
s
No
No
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
I
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
Y
e
s
No
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
Y
e
s
S
y
st
e
m
-
l
e
v
e
l
t
r
a
n
sp
a
r
e
n
c
y
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
Y
e
s
No
No
No
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
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4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
43
,
No
.
1
,
J
u
ly
20
26
:
271
-
2
8
0
278
Ov
er
all,
th
e
u
s
er
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
r
eg
u
lated
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
in
ex
p
lain
ab
le
A
I
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
u
s
e
r
s
v
alu
e
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
s
t
h
at
ar
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
,
co
n
tr
o
llab
le,
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
awa
r
e,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
o
v
er
tim
e.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
OT
PS
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
as
a
p
r
ac
tical
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
-
d
r
iv
en
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
ex
p
lain
ab
le
AI
in
ter
f
ac
es in
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
a
n
d
ad
v
er
tis
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
6.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
ex
p
lain
ab
le
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
tr
ea
t
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
as
u
n
r
estricte
d
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e.
User
s
ap
p
ea
r
to
p
r
ef
er
ad
a
p
tiv
e
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
w
h
er
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
a
r
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
at
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
lev
el
o
f
d
etail
an
d
o
n
ly
wh
en
th
ey
ar
e
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
AI
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
id
ea
th
a
t
ex
p
lan
atio
n
d
esig
n
s
h
o
u
ld
m
o
v
e
b
ey
o
n
d
s
im
p
ly
s
h
o
win
g
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
i
n
s
te
ad
f
o
cu
s
o
n
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
r
ig
h
t
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
at
th
e
r
ig
h
t
tim
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
also
in
d
icate
th
at
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
s
af
ety
an
d
u
s
er
co
n
tr
o
l
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tr
ea
ted
as
co
r
e
d
esig
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
in
u
s
er
-
f
ac
in
g
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
r
e
co
m
m
en
d
atio
n
an
d
ad
v
er
tis
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
m
ay
in
d
ir
ec
tly
r
ev
ea
l
p
er
s
o
n
al
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
,
b
eh
av
io
r
al
p
atter
n
s
,
o
r
in
f
er
r
ed
u
s
er
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
u
s
er
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
g
iv
en
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
e
x
p
lan
a
tio
n
v
is
ib
ilit
y
,
d
ata
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e,
an
d
th
e
lev
el
o
f
d
etail
p
r
esen
ted
.
Ab
s
tr
ac
t
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
s
,
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
,
an
d
ex
p
an
d
ab
le
ex
p
lan
atio
n
p
a
n
els
ca
n
h
elp
u
s
er
s
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
AI
d
ec
is
io
n
s
with
o
u
t
cr
ea
tin
g
u
n
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t
o
r
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
r
elate
d
an
x
iety
.
Fro
m
an
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
e
OT
PS
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ca
n
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
as
a
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
r
eg
u
latio
n
la
y
er
b
etwe
en
th
e
AI
m
o
d
el
an
d
t
h
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e.
T
h
is
lay
er
allo
ws
ex
p
lan
atio
n
g
en
er
atio
n
to
r
e
m
ain
s
ep
ar
ate
f
r
o
m
ex
p
lan
ati
o
n
d
eli
v
er
y
,
m
ak
in
g
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
r
e
g
u
lat
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
d
e
p
th
,
tim
in
g
,
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
u
s
er
c
o
n
tr
o
l
with
o
u
t
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
th
e
u
n
d
er
ly
i
n
g
AI
m
o
d
el.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
OT
PS
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
ex
p
lain
ab
ilit
y
in
t
o
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
an
d
ad
v
er
tis
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
wh
ile
b
alan
cin
g
in
ter
p
r
etab
ilit
y
,
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
co
m
f
o
r
t.
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
O
T
P
S
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
r
eg
u
latin
g
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
in
ex
p
lain
ab
le
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Un
lik
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
t
h
at
f
o
c
u
s
m
ain
ly
o
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ex
p
lan
atio
n
d
etail,
OT
PS
em
p
h
asizes
co
n
tr
o
lled
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
b
y
m
a
n
ag
in
g
ex
p
lan
atio
n
d
e
p
th
,
tim
in
g
,
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
l
ev
el,
an
d
u
s
er
co
n
t
r
o
l.
T
h
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
te
r
p
r
eta
b
ilit
y
,
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
tr
u
s
t
ca
lib
r
atio
n
,
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
co
m
f
o
r
t
in
AI
-
b
ased
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
an
d
ad
v
er
tis
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
ass
es
s
m
en
t
s
h
o
wed
th
at
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
g
en
er
ally
pr
ef
er
r
e
d
ad
ap
ti
v
e
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
llab
le
ex
p
lan
atio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
r
ath
er
th
an
u
n
r
estricte
d
f
u
ll
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
ex
p
lain
ab
le
AI
in
ter
f
ac
es
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
ely
,
allo
w
u
s
er
s
to
ad
ju
s
t
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
lev
els,
an
d
av
o
id
u
n
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
o
f
s
en
s
itiv
e
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Fro
m
an
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
OT
P
S
ca
n
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
as
a
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
cy
r
e
g
u
latio
n
lay
e
r
b
et
wee
n
th
e
AI
m
o
d
el
an
d
th
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
,
m
ak
i
n
g
it
p
r
ac
tical
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
to
e
x
is
tin
g
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
at
io
n
an
d
ad
v
e
r
tis
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
lim
itatio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
th
e
r
elativ
ely
s
m
all
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
3
5
p
ar
tici
p
an
ts
,
wh
ich
lim
its
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
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[
1
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.
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2
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6
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[
8
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M
.
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[
9
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R
.
N
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mm
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,
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