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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2502
-
4752
I
ndone
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
om
p S
c
i
,
V
ol
.
4
3
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
2
6
:
63
-
77
64
i
s
pr
obl
e
m
a
t
i
c
due
t
o
t
he
unpr
e
di
c
t
a
bi
l
i
t
y
of
r
e
ne
w
a
bl
e
e
ne
r
g
y
s
our
c
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
w
i
nd
a
nd
s
ol
a
r
,
c
om
pounde
d
by
t
he
i
r
r
e
g
ul
a
r
pa
t
t
e
r
ns
of
e
n
e
r
gy
de
m
a
nd t
hr
oug
hout
t
he
hour
, da
y
, a
nd s
e
a
s
on.
I
n
t
he
e
v
e
nt
of
pow
e
r
out
a
ge
s
,
e
ne
r
gy
s
t
or
a
ge
de
v
i
c
e
s
m
i
g
ht
pr
o
v
i
de
r
e
ne
w
a
bl
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
,
r
e
duc
i
n
g
t
he
s
e
v
e
r
i
t
y
of
t
he
s
e
pr
obl
e
m
s
.
D
ue
t
o
t
h
e
w
i
de
v
a
r
i
e
t
y
of
e
ne
r
gy
s
t
or
a
ge
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
(
E
S
S
)
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
a
nd
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
,
no
s
i
ng
l
e
t
e
c
hnol
ogy
c
a
n
a
ddr
e
s
s
a
l
l
of
t
he
i
m
por
t
a
nt
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
r
e
qui
r
e
m
e
nt
s
.
T
hi
s
i
nc
l
ude
s
t
hi
ng
s
l
i
ke
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
pow
e
r
a
nd e
ne
r
g
y
d
e
ns
i
t
i
e
s
, di
s
c
ha
r
g
e
r
a
t
e
, l
oa
d pr
of
i
l
e
, a
nd
m
o
r
e
. C
ons
e
que
nt
l
y
, ba
t
t
e
r
i
e
s
e
m
e
r
ge
a
s
a
f
a
v
or
a
bl
e
c
hoi
c
e
,
a
nd
e
xhi
bi
t
a
hi
g
h
e
ne
r
gy
s
t
or
a
ge
de
ns
i
t
y
;
how
e
v
e
r
,
t
he
y
de
m
ons
t
r
a
t
e
a
l
o
w
pow
e
r
d
e
ns
i
t
y
.
A
l
t
houg
h
t
he
y
a
r
e
e
s
s
e
nt
i
a
l
,
de
e
p
c
ha
r
g
e
-
di
s
c
ha
r
ge
c
y
c
l
e
s
a
c
t
ua
l
l
y
r
e
duc
e
t
he
l
i
f
e
s
pa
n
of
ba
t
t
e
r
i
e
s
w
he
n
us
e
d
f
r
e
que
nt
l
y
[
6
]
.
A
n
i
nc
r
e
a
s
i
ng
nu
m
be
r
of
pe
opl
e
a
r
e
c
ons
i
de
r
i
n
g
m
e
r
g
i
n
g
f
u
e
l
c
e
l
l
s
w
i
t
h
c
ont
e
m
por
a
r
y
e
ne
r
gy
s
t
or
a
g
e
t
e
c
hnol
o
g
i
e
s
i
n
or
de
r
t
o
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
’
po
w
e
r
de
ns
i
t
y
a
nd
dy
n
a
m
i
c
s
.
B
e
c
a
us
e
t
he
hy
br
i
di
z
a
t
i
on
t
e
c
hni
que
opt
i
m
i
z
e
s
t
he
f
ue
l
-
c
e
l
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
t
he
ul
t
i
m
a
t
e
r
e
s
ul
t
i
s
be
t
t
e
r
f
ue
l
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
a
nd o
v
e
r
a
l
l
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
.
I
t
us
e
s
t
he
s
uppl
e
m
e
nt
a
r
y
pr
op
e
r
t
i
e
s
of
ba
t
t
e
r
i
e
s
t
o i
t
s
a
d
v
a
nt
a
g
e
.
A
po
w
e
r
f
ul
e
ne
r
gy
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
s
t
r
a
t
e
gy
(
E
M
S
)
t
ha
t
i
nt
e
l
l
i
g
e
nt
l
y
di
s
t
r
i
bu
t
e
s
pow
e
r
l
oa
ds
a
c
r
os
s
m
ul
t
i
pl
e
e
ne
r
gy
s
ou
r
c
e
s
i
s
pi
v
ot
a
l
t
o
t
he
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
t
i
on
of
t
hi
s
opt
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
D
e
v
e
l
opi
ng
a
n
E
M
S
ne
c
e
s
s
i
t
a
t
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
c
ul
ous
e
qui
l
i
br
i
um
be
t
w
e
e
n
e
nha
n
c
i
ng
f
ue
l
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
a
nd
e
ns
ur
i
ng
t
he
opt
i
m
a
l
ope
r
a
t
i
on of
e
a
c
h e
n
e
r
gy
s
our
c
e
w
i
t
hi
n i
t
s
de
s
i
g
na
t
e
d pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
. F
ur
t
he
r
m
or
e
, r
e
duc
i
n
g
t
h
e
E
M
S
’
s
i
nf
l
ue
nc
e
on
t
he
hy
br
i
d
po
w
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
’
s
e
nt
i
r
e
l
i
f
e
c
y
c
l
e
i
s
e
s
s
e
nt
i
a
l
.
E
xt
e
ns
i
v
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
ur
e
e
xi
s
t
s
on
e
ne
r
gy
m
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
s
ol
ut
i
ons
f
or
f
ue
l
-
c
e
l
l
h
y
br
i
d
po
w
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
S
t
a
t
e
m
a
c
hi
ne
c
ont
r
ol
(
S
M
C
)
i
s
a
m
e
t
hodol
og
y
e
m
pl
oye
d
i
n
t
he
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
do
m
a
i
n,
r
e
c
o
g
ni
z
e
d
f
or
i
t
s
di
r
e
c
t
,
r
ul
e
-
ba
s
e
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k.
S
M
C
de
pe
nds
on
t
he
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
a
nd
i
ns
i
g
ht
s
de
r
i
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
he
ur
i
s
t
i
c
or
e
m
pi
r
i
c
a
l
pr
i
or
e
xpe
r
i
e
nc
e
s
.
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
of
t
hi
s
a
ppr
oa
c
h
de
p
e
nds
on
y
our
f
a
m
i
l
i
a
r
i
t
y
w
i
t
h
ho
w
t
he
v
a
r
i
ous
pa
r
t
s
of
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
or
k
[
7
]
.
A
not
he
r
m
e
t
hod
i
s
na
m
e
d
t
he
r
ul
e
-
ba
s
e
d
f
uz
z
y
l
og
i
c
e
ne
r
gy
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
nt
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
hi
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
l
y
a
l
l
oc
a
t
e
s
pow
e
r
us
i
n
g
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
hi
p
f
unc
t
i
ons
a
nd
I
F
-
T
H
E
N
r
ul
e
s
.
T
hi
s
t
e
c
hni
que
i
s
e
a
s
y
t
o
t
une
f
or
op
t
i
m
a
l
ope
r
a
t
i
on
a
nd
r
obu
s
t
t
o
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
i
m
p
r
e
c
i
s
i
on
a
nd
c
o
m
pone
nt
f
l
uc
t
ua
t
i
ons
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
t
he
f
uz
z
y
l
og
i
c
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
’
s
(
F
L
C
)
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
d
e
pe
nds
on
I
F
-
T
H
E
N
r
ul
e
de
v
e
l
op
m
e
nt
,
w
hi
c
h r
e
qui
r
e
s
e
xp
e
r
t
i
s
e
a
nd e
xpe
r
i
e
nc
e
.
T
he
f
i
e
l
d us
e
s
r
ul
e
-
ba
s
e
d
f
uz
z
y
l
og
i
c
e
n
e
r
gy
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
nt
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
e
xt
e
ns
i
v
e
l
y
.
T
hi
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
di
s
t
r
i
but
e
s
pow
e
r
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
us
i
ng
m
e
m
be
r
s
hi
p f
unc
t
i
ons
a
nd I
F
-
T
H
E
N
r
ul
e
s
[
8
].
R
e
c
e
nt
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
nt
s
i
ndi
c
a
t
e
t
ha
t
e
ne
r
gy
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
nt
ut
i
l
i
z
i
ng
c
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l
P
I
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
s
ha
s
be
c
o
m
e
a
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
s
t
r
a
t
e
gy
.
P
r
opor
t
i
ona
l
-
i
nt
e
g
r
a
l
(
P
I
)
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
s
m
oni
t
or
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
,
i
nc
l
udi
ng
ba
t
t
e
r
y
s
t
a
t
e
of
c
ha
r
g
e
(
S
O
C
)
,
s
upe
r
c
a
pa
c
i
t
or
v
ol
t
a
ge
,
a
nd
D
C
-
bus
v
ol
t
a
g
e
[
9
]
.
I
n
c
ont
r
a
s
t
t
o
v
a
r
i
ous
ot
he
r
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
,
t
he
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
t
i
on
of
P
I
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
s
doe
s
not
r
e
qui
r
e
s
pe
c
i
a
l
i
z
e
d
e
xpe
r
t
i
s
e
,
a
nd
t
he
y
c
a
n
be
e
a
s
i
l
y
t
une
d
i
n
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
r
a
c
ki
ng
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
,
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
a
ddr
e
s
s
i
n
g
s
t
e
a
dy
-
s
t
a
t
e
l
oa
d
de
m
a
nds
.
S
l
i
d
i
ng
m
ode
c
ur
r
e
nt
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
s
(
S
M
C
C
)
ha
v
e
r
e
c
e
nt
l
y
g
a
r
ne
r
e
d
i
nt
e
r
e
s
t
a
s
a
v
i
a
bl
e
a
l
t
e
r
na
t
i
v
e
t
o
c
on
v
e
nt
i
ona
l
P
I
D
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
s
f
or
t
he
de
s
i
g
n
o
f
s
t
a
bi
l
i
z
e
r
s
a
i
m
e
d
a
t
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
n
g
po
w
e
r
os
c
i
l
l
a
t
i
ons
.
T
he
S
M
C
C
l
e
r
e
xhi
bi
t
s
not
a
bl
e
a
dv
a
nt
a
g
e
s
,
i
nc
l
udi
ng
r
obus
t
ne
s
s
a
nd
e
a
s
e
of
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
t
i
on.
F
ur
t
he
r
m
or
e
,
i
t
e
xhi
bi
t
s
s
upe
r
i
or
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
,
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
e
d
by
r
a
pi
d
r
e
s
pons
e
a
nd
m
i
ni
m
a
l
c
ur
r
e
nt
r
i
ppl
e
s
,
w
he
n
c
om
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
t
he
P
I
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
. A
ddi
t
i
ona
l
l
y
, i
t
doe
s
not
ne
c
e
s
s
i
t
a
t
e
a
l
oa
d v
ol
t
a
ge
s
e
ns
or
, unl
i
ke
t
he
pr
e
di
c
t
i
v
e
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
[
10
].
T
he
t
opi
c
of
e
ne
r
gy
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
f
or
hy
br
i
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
ha
s
a
d
v
a
nc
e
d
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
l
y
i
n
r
e
c
e
nt
y
e
a
r
s
.
N
u
m
e
r
ous
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
ha
v
e
be
e
n
put
f
or
t
h
t
o
i
m
pr
o
v
e
t
he
s
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
’
de
p
e
nda
bi
l
i
t
y
a
nd
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y.
L
i
e
t
al
.
[
11
]
c
o
m
bi
ne
Q
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
w
i
t
h
de
t
e
r
m
i
ni
s
t
i
c
r
ul
e
s
t
o
m
i
t
i
ga
t
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
f
l
uc
t
ua
t
i
ons
;
how
e
v
e
r
,
t
he
e
xt
e
ns
i
v
e
t
r
a
i
ni
ng
r
e
qui
r
e
m
e
nt
s
a
nd
m
od
e
l
de
pe
nde
nc
y
pos
e
c
ha
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
f
or
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
ons
.
A
f
uz
z
y
r
ul
e
-
ba
s
e
d
s
t
r
a
t
e
gy
e
m
pl
o
y
s
f
uz
z
y
l
og
i
c
t
o
a
ddr
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s
s
unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
i
e
s
a
nd
i
m
pr
e
c
i
s
e
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
[
12
]
.
C
ui
e
t
al
.
[
13
]
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
a
n
a
ppr
oa
c
h
ut
i
l
i
z
i
ng
f
uz
z
y
l
og
i
c
t
o
m
a
i
nt
a
i
n
t
he
f
ue
l
c
e
l
l
w
i
t
hi
n
a
hi
g
h
-
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
z
one
w
hi
l
e
a
c
c
o
m
m
oda
t
i
n
g
r
a
pi
d
de
m
a
nd
c
ha
nge
s
.
I
n
t
he
i
r
c
o
m
pa
r
i
s
on
of
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
c
ont
r
ol
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
L
uc
i
a
ni
a
nd
T
onol
i
[
14
]
s
i
ng
l
e
out
f
uz
z
y
l
o
g
i
c
a
s
t
he
one
t
ha
t
c
a
n
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
f
ue
l
c
e
l
l
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
f
or
l
ow
-
l
oa
d
c
y
c
l
e
s
b
y
a
s
m
u
c
h
a
s
33%
.
F
or
a
hy
br
i
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
ha
t
i
nc
or
por
a
t
e
s
f
ue
l
c
e
l
l
s
,
ba
t
t
e
r
i
e
s
,
a
nd
s
upe
r
c
a
pa
c
i
t
or
s
,
a
t
y
pe
-
2
f
uz
z
y
t
e
c
hni
que
i
s
e
m
pl
o
y
e
d
i
n
[
15
]
.
S
t
a
bi
l
i
t
y
a
nd
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
a
r
e
bot
h
e
nha
nc
e
d
b
y
t
hi
s
m
e
t
hod
’
s
r
i
g
or
ou
s
c
ont
r
ol
.
I
n
or
de
r
t
o
opt
i
m
i
z
e
t
he
di
s
t
r
i
bu
t
i
on
of
e
ne
r
gy
i
n
r
e
a
l
t
i
m
e
,
Z
ha
n
g
e
t
al
.
[
16
]
c
om
bi
ne
f
uz
z
y
a
d
a
pt
i
v
e
m
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
w
i
t
h
dr
i
v
i
n
g
m
ode
r
e
c
og
ni
t
i
on
t
hr
oug
h
a
ne
ur
a
l
ne
t
w
or
k.
U
s
i
ng
t
he
pr
a
i
r
i
e
dog
opt
i
m
i
z
e
r
(
P
D
O
)
,
a
no
v
e
l
l
oa
d
f
r
e
que
nc
y
c
ont
r
ol
(
L
F
C
)
m
e
t
hodol
og
y
t
ha
t
c
o
m
bi
ne
s
F
L
C
w
i
t
h
t
i
l
t
e
d
f
r
a
c
t
i
ona
l
or
de
r
i
nt
e
g
r
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l
de
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v
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t
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v
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f
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a
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ona
l
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r
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D
F
F
)
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
s
w
a
s
pr
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s
e
nt
e
d
i
n
[
17
]
.
A
t
w
o
-
a
r
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a
hy
br
i
d
pow
e
r
g
r
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d
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ha
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por
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l
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r
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c
v
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hi
c
l
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s
(
E
V
s
)
,
s
upe
r
c
onduc
t
i
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m
a
g
n
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t
i
c
e
ne
r
gy
s
t
o
r
a
ge
(
S
M
E
S
)
,
a
nd
a
uni
f
i
e
d po
w
e
r
f
l
ow
c
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r
ol
l
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r
(
U
P
F
C
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i
s
us
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d i
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s
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udy
t
o
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T
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S
M
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a
ppr
oa
c
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F
or
m
a
bo
v
e
t
he
s
hor
t
c
o
m
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s
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t
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r
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v
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w
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f
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hi
s
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C
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pr
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w
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2.
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U
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F
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on
of
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or
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C
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2502
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e
r
e
nc
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
I
P
I
dur
i
n
g
c
ha
r
g
e
a
nd di
s
c
ha
r
g
e
m
ode
s
,
w
hi
c
h i
s
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
e
d by
t
he
M
S
E
M
S
uni
t
.
Δ
=
(
−
)
(
12)
=
(
+
)
(
∗
−
)
(
13)
T
he
B
D
C
s
’
s
uppl
e
m
e
nt
a
r
y
P
W
M
c
o
m
m
a
nds
a
r
e
g
e
ne
r
a
t
e
d
by
c
on
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
’
PW
M
g
e
ne
r
a
t
or
s
,
w
hi
l
e
t
he
i
nne
r
c
ur
r
e
nt
l
oops
m
oni
t
or
t
he
s
e
t
poi
nt
a
nd pr
ov
i
de
t
he
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
d dut
y
c
y
c
l
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
.
4.1.
S
t
at
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
S
M
C
C
T
he
e
ne
r
gy
m
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
s
e
e
n
a
s
t
he
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
v
e
l
f
o
r
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
n
t
hi
s
t
e
c
hni
que
f
or
m
a
na
g
i
n
g
e
ne
r
g
y
,
w
hi
c
h
i
n
v
ol
v
e
s
di
v
i
di
n
g
t
he
n
e
t
po
w
e
r
o
f
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
be
t
w
e
e
n
t
he
f
ue
l
c
e
l
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
nd
t
h
e
ba
t
t
e
r
y
pa
c
k.
M
a
i
nt
a
i
ni
ng
s
t
e
a
dy
a
nd
c
os
t
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
unc
t
i
oni
ng
of
t
hi
s
D
C
m
i
c
r
ogr
i
d
r
e
qui
r
e
s
a
n
e
ne
r
g
y
m
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
pl
a
n.
T
hi
s
pa
pe
r
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
a
n
e
ne
r
gy
m
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
t
e
c
hni
que
u
t
i
l
i
z
i
ng
s
l
i
di
ng
m
ode
c
ont
r
ol
,
w
hi
c
h
of
f
e
r
s
nu
m
e
r
ous
a
d
v
a
nt
a
ge
s
:
S
l
i
di
ng
m
ode
pr
o
v
i
de
s
e
nha
nc
e
d
f
l
e
xi
bi
l
i
t
y
a
nd
r
e
duc
e
d
v
a
r
i
a
bi
l
i
t
y
i
n
c
o
m
pa
r
i
s
on
t
o
a
P
I
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
;
D
i
v
e
r
s
e
c
ont
r
ol
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
c
a
n
be
ut
i
l
i
z
e
d
;
a
nd
I
t
i
m
pr
o
v
e
s
t
he
i
nhe
r
e
nt
r
e
l
i
a
bi
l
i
t
y
of
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
4.2.
S
t
at
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
c
on
t
r
ol
T
he
S
M
C
t
e
c
hni
que
i
s
a
t
r
a
di
t
i
ona
l
r
ul
e
-
ba
s
e
d
a
ppr
oa
c
h
f
or
m
a
na
g
i
ng
e
n
e
r
gy
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
w
i
t
hi
n
a
m
i
c
r
o
g
r
i
d.
T
h
e
S
M
C
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
i
n
t
hi
s
m
i
c
r
o
g
r
i
d
ha
s
9
s
t
a
t
e
s
c
a
t
e
g
or
i
z
e
d
i
nt
o
t
hr
e
e
S
O
C
s
t
a
t
e
s
,
a
s
s
e
e
n
i
n
T
a
bl
e
2.
T
he
t
hr
e
e
S
O
C
s
t
a
t
e
s
a
r
e
c
a
t
e
g
or
i
z
e
d
a
s
hi
g
h,
nor
m
a
l
,
a
nd
l
ow
.
T
he
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
po
w
e
r
of
t
he
f
ue
l
c
e
l
l
i
s
e
s
t
a
bl
i
s
he
d
ba
s
e
d
o
n
t
he
ba
t
t
e
r
y
S
O
C
r
a
ng
e
a
nd
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
’
s
ne
t
de
m
a
nd
pow
e
r
(
P
ne
t
)
.
C
onc
ur
r
e
nt
l
y
,
t
he
f
ol
l
ow
i
ng
c
ons
t
r
a
i
nt
s
ha
v
e
be
e
n
t
a
k
e
n
i
nt
o
a
c
c
ount
:
P
l
oa
d,
P
ba
t
t
,
a
nd
P
pv
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
t
he
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
d
l
oa
d
de
m
a
nd
pow
e
r
a
nd
t
he
out
put
po
w
e
r
of
t
he
phot
o
v
ol
t
a
i
c
g
e
ne
r
a
t
i
on
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
;
P
f
c
m
i
n
,
P
f
c
m
i
d, a
nd P
f
c
m
a
x de
not
e
t
h
e
m
i
ni
m
u
m
, opt
i
m
u
m
, a
nd
m
a
xi
m
u
m
out
put
pow
e
r
of
t
he
f
ue
l
c
e
l
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
a
bl
e
2. S
t
a
t
e
m
a
c
hi
ne
c
ont
r
ol
de
c
i
s
i
ons
S
O
C
∗
S
t
a
t
e
<
1
≤
<
+
2
≤
<
3
<
4
≤
<
5
≤
<
6
<
−
−
7
≤
<
−
8
≤
<
9
4.3.
S
l
i
d
i
n
g m
od
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
c
on
t
r
ol
T
he
f
unc
t
i
on
of
S
M
C
C
i
s
t
o
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
t
he
I
_f
c
t
o
m
oni
t
or
t
he
∗
pr
o
v
i
de
d
b
y
t
he
S
M
C
de
c
i
s
i
ons
t
a
bl
e
.
T
he
c
ont
r
ol
a
r
c
hi
t
e
c
t
ur
e
i
s
pr
e
di
c
a
t
e
d
on
a
D
C
–
D
C
boos
t
c
onv
e
r
t
e
r
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
[
2
2
]
-
[2
5
].
A
boos
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
ndone
s
i
a
n J
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l
e
c
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&
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p S
c
i
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N
:
2502
-
4752
A
d
v
anc
e
d
s
t
at
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m
ac
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ne
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s
l
i
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ng m
o
d
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c
ur
r
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on
t
r
ol
e
ne
r
gy
m
anage
m
e
nt
…
(
H
am
z
a
R
e
z
i
gue
)
69
c
on
v
e
r
t
e
r
i
s
a
D
C
–
D
C
pow
e
r
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
de
v
i
c
e
t
ha
t
e
l
e
v
a
t
e
s
t
he
i
nput
v
ol
t
a
ge
t
o
a
hi
g
he
r
o
ut
put
v
ol
t
a
ge
.
T
hi
s
i
s
s
e
e
n
i
n
t
he
f
i
g
ur
e
.
F
i
v
e
T
he
c
on
v
e
r
t
e
r
’
s
f
unc
t
i
ona
l
i
t
y
i
s
c
om
pr
e
h
e
nde
d
by
e
xa
m
i
ni
ng
i
t
s
t
w
o
s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
s
t
a
t
e
s
.
F
i
g
ur
e
5
i
l
l
us
t
r
a
t
e
s
t
he
ope
r
a
t
i
ng
m
od
e
s
of
t
he
pr
opos
e
d
D
C
–
D
C
boos
t
c
onv
e
r
t
e
r
.
S
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
F
i
g
ur
e
5(
a
)
s
how
s
t
he
s
w
i
t
c
h
-
on
(
O
n)
c
ondi
t
i
on,
w
hi
l
e
F
i
g
ur
e
5(
b)
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
t
he
s
w
i
t
c
h
-
of
f
(
O
f
f
)
c
ondi
t
i
on.
T
he
c
or
r
e
s
pondi
ng
e
qui
v
a
l
e
nt
c
i
r
c
ui
t
s
f
or
e
a
c
h
ope
r
a
t
i
ng
m
ode
a
r
e
a
l
s
o
i
l
l
us
t
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
he
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
s
ubf
i
g
ur
e
s
.
T
he
f
ol
l
o
w
i
ng
e
qua
t
i
ons
de
s
c
r
i
be
e
a
c
h ope
r
a
t
i
n
g
m
ode
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
i
g
ur
e
5. D
C
-
D
C
boos
t
c
i
r
c
ui
t
:
(
a
)
s
w
i
t
c
h
o
n
a
nd
(
b)
s
w
i
t
c
h
o
ff
W
e
c
a
n de
s
c
r
i
be
t
he
boos
t
c
onv
e
r
t
e
r
m
ode
l
e
qua
t
i
ons
a
s
f
ol
l
ow
s
:
{
=
[
−
(
1
−
)
]
=
[
(
1
−
)
−
]
(
14)
F
or
t
he
S
M
C
C
,
t
he
s
ur
f
a
c
e
i
s
s
pe
c
i
f
i
e
d a
s
f
ol
l
ow
s
:
=
−
−
(
15)
I
n
or
de
r
t
o
e
ns
ur
e
t
ha
t
t
he
P
E
M
F
C
c
ur
r
e
nt
f
ol
l
ow
s
t
he
S
M
C
de
c
i
s
i
ons
−
,
t
he
c
ont
r
ol
c
a
n
be
de
s
c
r
i
be
d a
s
[
9]
:
=
1
2
(
1
−
(
)
)
(
16)
i
n
t
he
S
M
C
-
S
M
C
C
l
a
w
i
s
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
s
a
t
i
s
f
y
t
he
r
e
a
c
ha
bi
l
i
t
y
c
ondi
t
i
on
a
nd
t
o
g
ua
r
a
nt
e
e
f
i
ni
t
e
-
t
i
m
e
c
on
v
e
r
ge
nc
e
of
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
r
a
j
e
c
t
or
i
e
s
t
o t
he
s
l
i
di
ng
s
ur
f
a
c
e
,
w
hi
c
h i
s
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d i
n (
16)
.
I
t
s
v
a
l
ue
i
s
de
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
s
uc
h
t
ha
t
i
t
c
o
m
p
e
ns
a
t
e
s
f
or
t
he
w
or
s
t
-
c
a
s
e
bound
of
l
u
m
pe
d
unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
i
e
s
,
i
nc
l
udi
ng
m
ode
l
i
ng
e
r
r
or
s
, p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
ons
, a
nd e
xt
e
r
na
l
di
s
t
ur
ba
nc
e
s
.
K
i
s
not
c
hos
e
n
e
xc
e
s
s
i
v
e
l
y
l
a
r
ge
,
i
n or
de
r
t
o l
i
m
i
t
c
ont
r
ol
e
f
f
or
t
a
nd
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
e
c
ha
t
t
e
r
i
ng
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
.
T
o
c
onf
i
r
m
t
he
c
ont
r
ol
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
,
t
he
s
t
a
bi
l
i
t
y
of
t
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
l
oo
p
i
s
e
xa
m
i
ne
d
us
i
ng
t
he
L
y
a
puno
v
f
unc
t
i
on;
t
he
L
y
a
puno
v
c
ondi
t
i
on i
s
s
pe
c
i
f
i
e
d a
s
[
10
]
:
=
1
2
2
>
0
≠
0
(
17)
O
ne
w
a
y
t
o e
xpr
e
s
s
t
he
de
r
i
v
a
t
i
v
e
of
(
14)
us
i
n
g
(
15)
i
s
a
s
:
∗
=
−
−
=
−
−
(
1
−
)
−
∗
(
18)
F
ur
t
he
r
m
or
e
, t
he
e
xpr
e
s
s
i
on f
or
t
he
de
r
i
v
a
t
i
v
e
of
c
a
n be
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
e
d us
i
ng
(
18
).
{
∙
`
=
(
−
2
−
−
(
)
2
+
−
−
∙
)
<
0
0
<
−
−
∙
<
(
19)
Th
e
us
e
of
t
he
s
i
g
num
f
unc
t
i
on
t
o
s
e
nd
t
he
c
ont
r
ol
s
i
g
na
l
S
ha
s
a
bi
g
pr
obl
e
m
:
t
he
c
ha
t
t
e
r
i
n
g
phe
nom
e
non,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
a
n
i
nf
i
ni
t
e
s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
f
r
e
q
ue
nc
y
t
ha
t
i
s
ha
r
d
t
o
a
c
hi
e
v
e
[
10
].
T
o
s
ol
v
e
t
hi
s
pr
obl
e
m
a
nd
a
l
l
ow
f
or
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I
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I
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m
a
n
c
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of
t
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pr
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t
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m
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t
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of
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S
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F
i
g
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10. C
om
pa
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on be
t
w
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f
f
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4
.
R
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pons
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t
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c
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m
p
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on of
di
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C
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(
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3s
0.
35
0.
07
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4.
5s
0.
2
0.
004
4.
5s
-
6s
0.
24
0.
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7.
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5.2.
C
as
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2:
<
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T
he
ba
t
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S
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l
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m
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m
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m
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ne
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gy
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oduc
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v
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s
s
t
or
e
d
i
n
t
he
ba
t
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r
y
s
t
or
a
ge
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
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2502
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4752
I
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s
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1
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2
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g
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g
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a
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c
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11(
a
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11(
b)
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l
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pow
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t
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r
v
a
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s
[
0s
1.5s
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[
6s
7.5s
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c
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s
po
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o s
t
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be
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ur
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s
t
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m
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l
[
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, t
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t
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t
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m
a
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nc
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l
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12.
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12(
a
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pe
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ks
a
t
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3s
,
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5s
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s
c
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us
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d
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de
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a
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.
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f
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t
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r
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f
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n
c
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obs
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ol
l
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y
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k
r
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t
ur
n
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o
t
he
r
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f
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r
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nc
e
va
l
ue
.
F
i
g
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12(
b
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l
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r
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s
t
he
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f
r
om
0s
t
o
7s
.
T
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ba
t
t
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r
y
’
s
i
ni
t
i
a
l
v
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l
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s
a
r
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66%
.
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f
l
uc
t
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t
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s
be
t
w
e
e
n
66.025%
a
nd
6
5.996%
,
i
ndi
c
a
t
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t
ha
t
ba
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t
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c
ha
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i
n
g
a
nd
di
s
c
ha
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g
i
n
g
a
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c
ont
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e
nt
upon
l
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de
m
a
nd
a
nd
t
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pow
e
r
out
put
of
t
he
P
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a
t
t
he
c
or
r
e
s
pondi
ng
c
ondi
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on
.
F
i
g
ur
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13
c
om
pa
r
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s
t
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pow
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r
out
put
of
P
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M
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C
s
ut
i
l
i
z
i
ng
t
he
c
on
v
e
nt
i
ona
l
S
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C
-
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a
nd
t
he
ne
w
S
M
C
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S
M
C
C
e
ne
r
g
y
m
a
na
g
e
m
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nt
m
e
t
hod;
t
he
f
i
ndi
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s
a
r
e
s
u
m
m
a
r
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z
e
d i
n t
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T
a
bl
e
5, a
nd t
he
f
i
g
ur
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s
ho
w
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ha
t
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ne
w
s
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r
a
t
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gy
pr
oduc
e
s
be
t
t
e
r
r
e
s
pons
e
s
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
i
g
ur
e
11
.
P
ow
e
r
g
e
ne
r
a
t
i
on a
nd ope
r
a
t
i
ng
s
t
a
t
e
of
t
he
pr
opos
e
d e
ne
r
gy
m
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
s
y
s
t
e
m
unde
r
t
he
c
ondi
t
i
on
<
<
:
(
a
)
pow
e
r
g
e
ne
r
a
t
e
d by
t
he
P
V
, P
E
M
F
C
,
a
nd ba
t
t
e
r
y
, a
nd
(
b)
c
or
r
e
s
pondi
ng
ope
r
a
t
i
ng
s
t
a
t
e
s
(
a
)
(
b)
F
i
g
ur
e
12
.
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
t
he
pr
opos
e
d s
y
s
t
e
m
unde
r
t
he
c
ondi
t
i
on
<
<
:
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a
)
D
C
bus
v
ol
t
a
ge
r
e
s
pons
e
a
nd (
b)
ba
t
t
e
r
y
s
t
a
t
e
of
c
h
a
r
g
e
(
S
O
C
)
T
a
bl
e
5. R
e
s
pons
e
t
i
m
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
on of
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
s
I
nt
e
r
va
l
S
M
C
-
PI
S
M
C
-
S
M
C
C
R
e
s
po
n
s
e
t
i
m
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(
s
)
0
–
1.
5
s
0.
34
0.
045
1.
5s
-
3
s
0.
45
0.
05
3s
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4.
5s
0.
3
0.
0015
4.
5s
-
6s
0.
35
0.
0061
6
s
-
7.
5s
0.
345
0.
01
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.