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o
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ly
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o
w
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al
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m
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o
n
en
ts
f
u
n
ctio
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u
t
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o
w
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m
p
lex
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r
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g
s
y
s
tem
s
b
eh
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e
as
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teg
r
ated
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ad
a
p
tiv
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o
les.
E
lectr
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d
co
m
p
u
ter
en
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is
en
ter
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g
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er
a
o
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ap
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ig
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s
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m
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tellig
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astru
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u
s
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tech
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o
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g
ies,
an
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m
u
ltid
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n
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o
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n
g
in
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g
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o
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tio
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s
ar
e
ex
p
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ted
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ly
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atis
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tec
h
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ical
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if
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s
b
u
t
also
to
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em
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a
d
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ty
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esil
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ter
o
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ac
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s
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o
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en
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o
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s
p
latf
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m
s
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d
r
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n
s
iv
e
to
ev
o
lv
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g
s
o
cieta
l
ex
p
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tatio
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s
.
T
h
ese
ex
p
a
n
d
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g
r
eq
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ir
em
en
ts
m
ak
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s
y
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tem
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th
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k
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n
o
t
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ely
a
n
alter
n
ativ
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an
aly
tical
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s
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t
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ess
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ca
p
ab
ilit
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f
o
r
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
t
ec
h
n
ical
ex
ce
llen
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with
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tem
ic
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tan
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ly
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ter
co
n
n
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ted
tech
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g
ical
an
d
s
o
cio
-
tech
n
ical
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
ev
o
l
u
tio
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f
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m
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ed
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ctio
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atio
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ter
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em
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n
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o
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R
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aly
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is
,
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ten
d
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its
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aly
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tr
en
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th
s
b
y
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r
atin
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m
p
le
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en
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r
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les
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les ex
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ito
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Fig
u
r
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1
.
C
o
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ce
p
tu
al
ev
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lu
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r
o
m
r
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n
g
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to
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d
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tem
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th
in
k
in
g
T
h
is
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o
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tio
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is
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ec
o
m
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g
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n
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ized
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n
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ter
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en
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,
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d
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ap
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d
ly
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an
d
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n
g
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e
x
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s
.
Ad
v
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s
in
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tellig
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t
tec
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n
o
lo
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ies,
d
ig
ital
c
o
n
n
ec
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ity
,
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
in
teg
r
atio
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,
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d
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
i
n
f
r
astru
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es
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r
e
tr
an
s
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o
r
m
in
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i
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ee
r
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s
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to
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n
am
ic
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o
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e
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eh
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al
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is
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Un
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e
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th
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co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
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th
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o
m
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ely
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t
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ican
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s
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t.
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ed
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n
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ly
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ltu
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g
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its
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n
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ca
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s
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d
s
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tific
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p
er
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elied
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p
o
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e
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m
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m
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i
n
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tr
ad
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h
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tech
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o
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ex
p
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wh
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th
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k
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o
win
g
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
R
ed
u
ctio
n
is
t
th
in
k
in
g
h
as
al
s
o
f
ac
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ated
th
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
ad
o
p
tio
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o
f
m
o
d
u
lar
e
n
g
in
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r
in
g
an
d
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
.
B
y
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
in
g
co
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
s
in
to
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ter
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ted
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b
s
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with
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r
ly
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alities
,
en
g
in
ee
r
s
ca
n
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
d
e
v
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lo
p
,
v
er
if
y
,
o
p
tim
ize,
a
n
d
m
ain
tain
in
d
iv
id
u
al
m
o
d
u
les
b
ef
o
r
e
in
te
g
r
atin
g
t
h
em
in
to
co
h
er
en
t
s
y
s
tem
ar
c
h
itectu
r
es.
T
h
is
m
o
d
u
la
r
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
h
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
en
h
an
ce
d
d
esig
n
f
lex
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y
,
an
d
ac
ce
le
r
ated
tech
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lo
g
ic
al
in
n
o
v
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n
wh
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r
eser
v
in
g
a
n
aly
tical
r
ig
o
r
ac
r
o
s
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
elec
tr
ical
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
An
aly
tical
m
o
d
ellin
g
r
ep
r
e
s
en
ts
an
o
th
er
en
d
u
r
in
g
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
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t
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies.
Ma
th
em
atica
l
m
o
d
els
d
escr
ib
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
en
g
in
e
er
s
with
p
r
ed
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ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
er
f
o
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m
an
ce
ev
alu
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,
o
p
tim
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,
r
eliab
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ass
ess
m
en
t,
an
d
d
esig
n
v
er
if
icatio
n
p
r
io
r
t
o
p
h
y
s
ical
im
p
lem
e
n
t
atio
n
.
C
o
m
b
in
e
d
with
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
r
in
cip
l
es,
th
ese
an
aly
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
h
av
e
en
a
b
led
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
h
ig
h
ly
r
eliab
le
s
y
s
tem
s
o
p
er
atin
g
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial,
co
m
m
er
cial,
an
d
s
cien
tific
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
en
d
u
r
in
g
s
tr
en
g
th
s
,
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
-
o
r
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ted
en
g
i
n
ee
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in
ev
itab
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en
c
o
u
n
te
r
s
lim
itatio
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s
as
en
g
in
ee
r
in
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s
y
s
tem
s
b
ec
o
m
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
in
ter
c
o
n
n
e
cted
,
ad
ap
tiv
e,
an
d
co
n
tex
t
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t.
Ma
n
y
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
s
y
s
tem
s
ex
h
ib
it
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
th
at
em
er
g
e
n
o
t
s
o
lely
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
b
u
t
f
r
o
m
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
am
o
n
g
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
p
h
y
s
ical
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
an
d
h
u
m
an
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
s
y
s
tem
b
e
h
av
io
u
r
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
r
eq
u
ir
es
ex
am
in
i
n
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
,
d
ep
en
d
e
n
cies,
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
th
at
ex
ten
d
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
a
n
aly
tical
s
co
p
e
o
f
is
o
lated
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
tin
u
i
n
g
r
elev
a
n
ce
o
f
r
ed
u
ctio
n
is
m
s
h
o
u
l
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
n
o
t
b
e
q
u
esti
o
n
ed
b
u
t
r
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
with
in
a
b
r
o
ad
er
s
y
s
tem
s
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
R
ed
u
ctio
n
is
t
an
al
y
s
is
r
em
ain
s
in
d
is
p
en
s
ab
le
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
es
tab
lis
h
in
g
s
cien
tific
r
ig
o
r
,
y
et
it
r
ep
r
esen
ts
o
n
ly
o
n
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
t
o
ad
d
r
e
s
s
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tag
e
in
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
elec
tr
ical
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
lies
n
o
t
in
ab
a
n
d
o
n
i
n
g
r
ed
u
ctio
n
is
m
,
b
u
t
in
e
x
te
n
d
in
g
its
an
aly
tical
s
tr
en
g
th
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
th
at
ca
p
tu
r
es
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
em
er
g
e
n
ce
,
a
n
d
h
o
lis
tic
s
y
s
tem
b
eh
av
io
u
r
.
3.
Sy
s
t
em
s
T
hin
k
ing
f
o
r
Co
m
plex
E
ng
ineering
Sy
s
t
em
s
R
ed
u
ctio
n
is
m
p
r
o
v
id
es
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
,
wh
er
ea
s
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
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ex
ten
d
s
th
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
r
elatio
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s
h
ip
s
th
at
co
n
n
ec
t
th
o
s
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
to
co
h
er
en
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
.
R
ath
er
th
an
f
o
cu
s
in
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e
x
clu
s
iv
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o
n
is
o
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elem
en
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,
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
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ex
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w
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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in
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s
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d
ep
en
d
en
cies,
an
d
co
llectiv
e
b
eh
av
io
u
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s
h
ap
e
o
v
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all
s
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.
T
h
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m
p
lem
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tar
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s
p
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r
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t m
er
ely
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llectio
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co
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p
o
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u
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teg
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.
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ee
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s
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tem
s
.
E
lectr
ical
in
f
r
astru
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r
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co
m
m
u
n
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n
etwo
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k
s
,
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e
d
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ed
in
tellig
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o
m
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m
s
,
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en
s
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tech
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o
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d
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d
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p
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tates,
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R
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p
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f
ee
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s
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estab
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h
d
y
n
am
ic
in
ter
ac
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s
th
at
co
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tr
ib
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to
s
y
s
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tab
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,
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ap
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,
an
d
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m
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esil
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Mo
d
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n
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s
also
ex
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ib
it
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s
s
m
u
ltip
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s
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s
ca
les.
L
o
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co
m
p
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t
b
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s
co
llectiv
ely
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m
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s
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co
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Un
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s
tan
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th
ese
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u
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s
ca
le
r
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h
ip
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en
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les
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n
e
r
g
ies
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Sy
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
also
r
eq
u
ir
es
en
g
in
ee
r
s
to
r
ec
o
n
s
id
er
h
o
w
s
y
s
tem
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
.
I
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
s
y
s
tem
b
eh
av
io
u
r
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
n
o
t
o
n
ly
b
y
in
ter
n
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
b
u
t
also
b
y
e
x
ter
n
al
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es,
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
an
d
h
u
m
an
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
ex
ten
d
b
ey
o
n
d
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
m
o
d
els.
Def
in
in
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
y
s
tem
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
i
es
th
er
ef
o
r
e
b
ec
o
m
es
a
s
tr
ateg
ic
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
t
h
at
s
h
ap
es
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
,
d
esig
n
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
,
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
B
y
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
th
at
ex
te
n
d
b
ey
o
n
d
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
lim
its
,
en
g
in
ee
r
s
ar
e
b
etter
e
q
u
i
p
p
ed
t
o
an
ticip
ate
ca
s
ca
d
in
g
ef
f
ec
ts
,
id
en
tify
h
id
d
en
d
ep
en
d
en
cies,
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
r
em
ain
r
o
b
u
s
t
with
in
co
m
p
lex
a
n
d
ev
o
lv
in
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
b
r
o
ad
er
p
er
s
p
e
ctiv
e,
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
en
ab
les
en
g
in
ee
r
s
to
an
ticip
ate
u
n
in
ten
d
ed
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
,
ev
alu
ate
cr
o
s
s
-
d
o
m
ain
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
an
d
d
e
s
ig
n
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
m
ain
tain
d
esira
b
le
b
eh
av
i
o
u
r
u
n
d
er
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
.
R
ath
er
th
a
n
s
er
v
in
g
s
o
lely
as
a
c
o
n
ce
p
t
u
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
it
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
tech
n
ic
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
with
r
esil
ien
ce
,
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
an
aly
s
is
ev
o
lv
es
b
ey
o
n
d
ex
p
lain
in
g
is
o
lated
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
to
war
d
g
u
id
in
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
s
th
at
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
-
wid
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
o
u
tco
m
es.
As
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
co
m
p
lex
ity
c
o
n
tin
u
es
to
in
cr
ea
s
e,
m
a
n
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
s
y
s
tem
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ca
n
n
o
lo
n
g
er
b
e
attr
ib
u
ted
to
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
alo
n
e
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
,
r
esil
ien
ce
,
a
d
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
o
v
er
all
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
em
er
g
e
f
r
o
m
co
o
r
d
in
ated
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
a
m
o
n
g
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
r
ath
er
th
an
f
r
o
m
is
o
lated
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
ea
ch
co
n
s
titu
en
t
elem
en
t.
Sy
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
b
r
o
ad
e
n
s
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
an
aly
s
is
b
ey
o
n
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
to
war
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
p
r
in
cip
les th
r
o
u
g
h
w
h
ich
co
m
p
lex
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
f
u
n
c
tio
n
as in
teg
r
ated
wh
o
les.
Ad
o
p
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
im
in
is
h
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
c
e
o
f
a
n
aly
tical
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
r
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
is
t
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
b
u
t
in
s
tead
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
with
in
wh
ich
th
e
s
e
m
eth
o
d
s
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e.
E
n
g
in
ee
r
s
co
n
tin
u
e
to
r
el
y
o
n
r
i
g
o
r
o
u
s
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
-
lev
el
an
aly
s
is
wh
ile
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
in
ter
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
ce
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
-
wid
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
an
aly
tical
p
r
ec
is
io
n
with
h
o
lis
tic
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
estab
lis
h
es
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
ex
am
i
n
in
g
h
o
w
ad
ap
tiv
e
an
d
r
esil
ien
t
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
em
er
g
e
with
in
c
o
m
p
lex
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
ich
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
.
4.
E
m
er
g
ence
,
Resili
ence
,
a
nd
Ada
ptiv
e
Sy
s
t
em
B
eha
v
io
ur
T
h
e
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
lies
n
o
t
s
o
lely
in
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
b
u
t
i
n
th
e
b
eh
av
i
o
u
r
s
th
at
em
er
g
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
eir
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
s
.
Sy
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
r
ec
o
g
n
izes
th
at
m
an
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
f
u
lly
e
x
p
lain
e
d
b
y
e
x
a
m
in
in
g
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
b
ec
au
s
e
co
lle
ctiv
e
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
ar
is
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
estab
lis
h
ed
am
o
n
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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p
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tr
o
l
B
ey
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n
d
r
ed
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ctio
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m:
s
ystems
th
in
kin
g
fo
r
th
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ex
t g
en
era
ti
o
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f e
lectrica
l a
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(
To
le
S
u
tikn
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1087
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
elem
e
n
ts
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
r
ef
lects
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
p
atter
n
s
r
ath
er
th
an
m
er
ely
th
e
ca
p
ab
ili
ties
o
f
is
o
lated
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
E
m
er
g
en
t
b
eh
av
io
u
r
r
ep
r
esen
ts
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
ef
i
n
in
g
c
h
ar
a
cter
is
tics
o
f
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
d
iv
id
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ty
p
ically
o
p
er
ate
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
well
-
d
e
f
in
ed
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
in
cip
les
a
n
d
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
r
u
les,
y
et
th
eir
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
o
f
ten
g
en
er
ate
c
o
llectiv
e
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
th
at
ar
e
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
p
r
ed
ict
d
ir
ec
tly
f
r
o
m
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
-
lev
el
an
aly
s
is
alo
n
e
.
T
h
ese
em
er
g
e
n
t
p
r
o
p
er
ties
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
d
eter
m
in
e
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
,
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
ic
ien
cy
,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
co
m
p
lex
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es.
No
n
lin
ea
r
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
f
u
r
th
e
r
am
p
lify
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Sm
all
ch
an
g
es
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
with
in
o
n
e
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
m
ay
p
r
o
p
a
g
a
te
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
ltip
le
in
te
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
at
h
way
s
,
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
ately
lar
g
e
ef
f
ec
ts
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
le
v
el,
wh
ile
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lo
ca
l
d
i
s
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
m
ay
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
s
y
s
tem
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
ese
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
th
er
ef
o
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
en
g
in
ee
r
s
to
ex
am
in
e
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
n
et
wo
r
k
s
,
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
-
wid
e
d
y
n
am
ics r
ath
er
th
an
r
ely
in
g
e
x
clu
s
iv
ely
o
n
lin
ea
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
-
b
ased
an
aly
s
is
.
Ad
ap
tiv
e
b
eh
av
io
u
r
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
em
er
g
es
wh
en
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
tem
s
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
r
esp
o
n
d
to
ch
an
g
in
g
in
ter
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
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Ad
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ter
is
tic
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f
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i
v
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tem
.
R
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th
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d
ad
ap
tiv
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m
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h
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n
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m
s
.
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h
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p
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s
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Alth
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k
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o
llectiv
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en
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s
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to
ex
h
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it c
ap
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b
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at
ex
ten
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u
m
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titu
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o
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p
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e
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g
e
n
ce
o
f
a
d
ap
tiv
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d
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esil
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b
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av
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d
em
o
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s
tr
ates
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f
u
tu
r
e
elec
tr
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d
co
m
p
u
ter
en
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in
ee
r
in
g
m
u
s
t
in
cr
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s
in
g
ly
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p
h
asize
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
alo
n
g
s
id
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
U
n
d
er
s
tan
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h
o
w
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s
g
en
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ate
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llectiv
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s
tem
ca
p
ab
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p
r
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s
with
a
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r
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co
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ce
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tu
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f
o
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d
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n
f
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d
esig
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in
f
r
astru
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r
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at
r
em
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lex
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a
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d
r
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with
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in
cr
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i
n
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ly
i
n
ter
co
n
n
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tech
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g
ical
e
n
v
ir
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m
en
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tex
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s.
5.
E
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rica
l a
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Co
m
pu
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E
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ineering
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s
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So
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T
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T
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r
o
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tech
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m
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Mo
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in
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
wh
o
s
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
b
eh
av
io
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r
s
,
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d
in
ter
ac
tio
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s
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
esig
n
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
s
ee
k
s
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
h
u
m
an
ex
p
er
tis
e,
en
ab
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
h
u
m
an
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
e
n
h
an
ce
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
o
v
er
all
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
r
ath
er
th
a
n
s
im
p
ly
au
to
m
atin
g
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
task
s
.
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
lik
ewise
b
ec
o
m
e
in
s
ep
ar
a
b
le
f
r
o
m
f
u
tu
r
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
r
ac
tice.
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
in
ter
a
ct
with
n
atu
r
al
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
,
en
e
r
g
y
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
es,
clim
ate
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
an
d
b
r
o
a
d
er
ec
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
b
o
th
o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
lo
n
g
-
t
er
m
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
Sy
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
en
co
u
r
ag
es
en
g
in
ee
r
s
to
ev
alu
ate
th
ese
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
e
n
tire
s
y
s
tem
life
cy
cle,
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
th
at
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ex
te
n
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
im
m
ed
iate
tech
n
ical
o
b
jectiv
es
to
en
co
m
p
ass
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
r
eso
u
r
c
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
I
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
in
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
c
e
f
u
r
th
er
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
ex
p
an
d
in
g
s
co
p
e
o
f
elec
tr
ical
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
.
M
o
d
er
n
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
e
two
r
k
s
,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
i
n
f
r
ast
r
u
ctu
r
es,
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
au
to
m
atio
n
,
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
an
d
d
ig
ital
s
er
v
ices
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
ly
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es
wh
o
s
e
co
llectiv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
ep
en
d
s
u
p
o
n
co
o
r
d
i
n
ated
o
p
e
r
atio
n
r
at
h
er
th
a
n
is
o
l
ated
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
t
h
ese
in
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
cies
en
ab
les
en
g
in
ee
r
s
to
an
ticip
ate
ca
s
ca
d
in
g
ef
f
ec
t
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
y
s
tem
r
esil
ien
ce
,
an
d
d
esig
n
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
es
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
r
eliab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
with
in
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
co
m
p
lex
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
is
lik
ewise
ev
o
lv
i
n
g
with
in
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
in
ter
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
tem
-
of
-
s
y
s
tem
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Desig
n
ch
o
ices
m
ad
e
f
o
r
o
n
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
r
esil
ien
ce
,
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
o
f
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
r
elate
d
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es
o
p
er
atin
g
ac
r
o
s
s
s
h
ar
ed
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Sy
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
th
er
ef
o
r
e
e
n
co
u
r
ag
es
en
g
in
ee
r
s
to
ev
alu
ate
d
esig
n
d
ec
is
io
n
s
n
o
t
o
n
ly
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
y
s
tem
s
b
u
t
also
in
r
elatio
n
to
th
eir
ca
s
ca
d
in
g
e
f
f
ec
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
ese
b
r
o
ad
er
in
ter
d
ep
e
n
d
en
cies
in
ev
itab
ly
r
esh
ap
e
h
o
w
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ar
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
ated
,
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
en
g
in
ee
r
s
to
b
alan
ce
co
m
p
etin
g
tech
n
ical,
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal,
an
d
s
o
cieta
l o
b
jectiv
es th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
s
y
s
tem
life
cy
c
le.
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
in
in
ter
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
s
o
cio
-
t
ec
h
n
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
in
ev
itab
ly
in
v
o
lv
es
b
alan
cin
g
co
m
p
etin
g
o
b
ject
iv
es
s
u
ch
as
ef
f
icien
cy
,
r
e
liab
ilit
y
,
co
s
t,
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
E
n
h
an
cin
g
o
n
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
ten
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
in
an
o
th
er
;
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
e
n
s
ity
m
ay
r
ed
u
ce
l
if
ec
y
cle
d
u
r
a
b
ilit
y
,
wh
ile
o
p
tim
izin
g
f
o
r
lo
w
-
co
s
t
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
ca
n
lim
it
s
y
s
tem
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
.
Si
m
ilar
ly
,
in
teg
r
atin
g
ad
v
an
ce
d
d
ig
ital
in
tellig
en
ce
an
d
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
c
o
n
tr
o
l
im
p
r
o
v
es
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
b
u
t
also
in
cr
ea
s
es
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
l
ex
ity
,
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e,
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
o
v
er
h
ea
d
.
T
h
ese
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
s
b
ec
o
m
e
ev
en
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
in
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es wh
er
e
lo
ca
l o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
d
o
n
o
t n
ec
ess
ar
ily
p
r
o
d
u
ce
g
lo
b
al
s
y
s
tem
b
en
e
f
its
.
Sy
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
th
er
ef
o
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
ess
en
tial
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
ex
p
licitly
id
en
tify
in
g
,
e
v
alu
atin
g
,
an
d
b
alan
cin
g
t
h
ese
co
m
p
etin
g
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
li
f
ec
y
cle.
Ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
s
u
ch
as
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
s
ce
n
a
r
io
a
n
aly
s
is
,
an
d
life
c
y
cle
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
f
o
r
m
ed
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
th
at
alig
n
tech
n
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
r
e
s
ilien
ce
,
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
o
cieta
l v
alu
e.
Viewin
g
elec
tr
ical
an
d
c
o
m
p
u
ter
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
as
an
in
teg
r
a
ted
s
o
cio
-
tech
n
ical
d
is
cip
lin
e
u
ltima
tely
b
r
o
ad
e
n
s
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
its
elf
.
E
n
g
in
ee
r
s
ar
e
ch
allen
g
ed
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
d
ev
elo
p
tech
n
ically
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
s
y
s
tem
s
b
u
t
also
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
h
o
w
th
o
s
e
s
y
s
tem
s
in
ter
ac
t
with
p
eo
p
le,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
an
d
s
o
ciety
as
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
lar
g
er
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
b
r
o
ad
e
r
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
estab
lis
h
es
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tag
e
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
,
wh
er
e
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
s
n
ew
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
esig
n
t
h
at
em
p
h
asize
ad
ap
tatio
n
,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
r
esil
ien
ce
,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
o
cieta
l v
alu
e.
6.
T
o
wa
rd
t
he
Nex
t
G
ener
a
t
io
n o
f
E
ng
ineering
T
h
ink
ing
T
h
e
co
n
tin
u
in
g
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
el
ec
tr
ical
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
r
eq
u
i
r
es
n
o
t
m
er
ely
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
b
u
t
a
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
th
i
n
k
in
g
.
As
tec
h
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o
lo
g
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y
s
tem
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b
ec
o
m
e
in
cr
ea
s
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g
l
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ter
co
n
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ted
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tiv
e,
an
d
s
o
cio
-
t
ec
h
n
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in
n
atu
r
e,
en
g
i
n
ee
r
s
m
u
s
t
co
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lem
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t
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
th
er
ef
o
r
e
d
e
p
en
d
s
u
p
o
n
ex
p
an
d
i
n
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
an
aly
tical
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
in
to
b
r
o
a
d
er
s
y
s
tem
s
-
o
r
ien
ted
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
ca
p
a
b
le
o
f
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
co
m
p
lex
ity
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
a
g
r
a
d
u
al
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
f
r
o
m
an
aly
s
is
to
war
d
s
y
n
th
esis
.
An
aly
tical
th
in
k
in
g
r
em
ain
s
in
d
is
p
en
s
ab
l
e
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
estab
lis
h
in
g
s
cien
tific
r
ig
o
r
,
y
et
f
u
tu
r
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
r
eq
u
ir
es
in
teg
r
atin
g
d
iv
e
r
s
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
d
is
cip
lin
es,
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
in
t
o
co
h
e
r
en
t
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
er
ef
o
r
e
ev
o
lv
es
b
ey
o
n
d
ex
p
lain
in
g
is
o
lated
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
to
war
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
h
o
w
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
co
llectiv
ely
g
e
n
er
ate
d
esire
d
s
y
s
tem
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
an
d
s
o
cieta
l o
u
tco
m
es.
A
s
im
ilar
tr
an
s
itio
n
is
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
f
r
o
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
to
war
d
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
C
lass
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
h
as
tr
ad
itio
n
ally
em
p
h
asized
m
ax
im
izin
g
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
r
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
er
ea
s
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
ly
s
ee
k
s
b
alan
ce
d
s
y
s
t
em
-
wid
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ac
h
iev
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
a
m
o
n
g
in
te
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
elem
en
ts
.
I
n
teg
r
ati
o
n
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
b
ec
o
m
es
n
o
t
m
er
el
y
a
tech
n
ical
ac
tiv
ity
b
u
t
a
s
tr
ateg
ic
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
th
at
e
n
ab
les
co
m
p
lex
ity
to
b
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
to
co
h
er
en
t
a
n
d
r
esil
ien
t
s
y
s
tem
ar
ch
itectu
r
es.
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
esig
n
is
lik
ewise
ev
o
lv
in
g
f
r
o
m
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
to
war
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
,
ch
a
n
g
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
an
d
ev
o
lv
in
g
s
o
cieta
l
n
ee
d
s
.
R
ath
er
th
an
ass
u
m
in
g
f
ix
ed
o
p
er
atin
g
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
s
y
s
tem
life
cy
cle,
f
u
tu
r
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
lear
n
in
g
,
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
a
n
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
as
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
d
esig
n
p
r
i
n
cip
les.
Ad
ap
tiv
e
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
th
u
s
r
ef
lects
a
b
r
o
a
d
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
th
at
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
m
u
s
t r
em
ain
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
o
f
te
n
u
n
p
r
ed
ictab
le
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
ak
en
to
g
et
h
er
,
th
ese
p
ar
a
d
ig
m
s
h
if
ts
r
ef
lect
a
b
r
o
ad
e
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
its
elf
.
Fu
tu
r
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
will
b
e
d
e
f
in
ed
less
b
y
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ic
al
b
r
ea
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
th
a
n
b
y
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
in
te
g
r
ate
d
iv
er
s
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
ate
co
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
d
eli
v
er
r
esil
ien
t,
a
d
ap
tiv
e,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
o
u
tco
m
es.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ex
ce
llen
ce
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
th
at
c
o
n
n
ec
ts
an
aly
tical
r
ig
o
r
with
h
o
lis
tic
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
ac
r
o
s
s
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
tech
n
o
l
o
g
i
ca
l a
n
d
s
o
cieta
l d
o
m
ai
n
s
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
h
if
ts
in
ev
ita
b
ly
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
c
o
m
p
ete
n
cies
ex
p
ec
ted
o
f
f
u
t
u
r
e
en
g
in
ee
r
s
.
B
ey
o
n
d
tech
n
ical
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
,
e
n
g
in
ee
r
s
will
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
,
i
n
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
cr
itical
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
,
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
eth
ical
ju
d
g
m
en
t,
a
n
d
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
to
in
teg
r
ate
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ac
r
o
s
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical,
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal,
an
d
s
o
cieta
l
d
o
m
ain
s
.
Su
c
h
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
en
ab
le
en
g
i
n
ee
r
s
to
n
av
i
g
ate
co
m
p
lex
ity
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
an
aly
tical
r
ig
o
r
a
n
d
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
r
em
ain
tech
n
ically
s
o
u
n
d
,
s
o
cially
r
elev
an
t,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
o
v
er
t
h
e
lo
n
g
ter
m
.
Fu
tu
r
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
m
u
s
t
e
v
o
lv
e
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tice.
B
ey
o
n
d
m
aster
in
g
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
an
al
y
tical
tech
n
iq
u
es,
f
u
tu
r
e
e
n
g
in
ee
r
s
will
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
r
eq
u
ir
e
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
r
ea
s
o
n
ac
r
o
s
s
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
tem
s
,
in
teg
r
ate
k
n
o
wled
g
e
f
r
o
m
m
u
ltip
le
d
o
m
ain
s
,
co
m
m
u
n
icate
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
wit
h
in
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
,
an
d
e
v
alu
ate
en
g
in
e
er
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
in
r
elatio
n
to
b
r
o
a
d
er
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal,
an
d
s
o
cieta
l
co
n
tex
ts
.
C
u
ltiv
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
ed
u
c
atio
n
th
er
ef
o
r
e
b
ec
o
m
es
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
p
r
e
p
ar
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
e
n
g
in
ee
r
s
wh
o
ca
n
n
av
ig
ate
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
in
teg
r
at
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ac
r
o
s
s
d
is
cip
lin
es,
an
d
lead
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
,
r
es
ilien
t,
s
u
s
tain
ab
le,
an
d
s
o
cially
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le.
Sy
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
s
h
o
u
ld
th
er
ef
o
r
e
b
e
r
eg
ar
d
ed
n
o
t
s
im
p
ly
as
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
a
n
aly
tical
to
o
l
b
u
t
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
elec
tr
ical
an
d
co
m
p
u
t
er
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
.
B
y
co
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
th
e
en
d
u
r
in
g
s
tr
en
g
th
s
o
f
r
ed
u
ctio
n
is
t
an
aly
s
is
with
h
o
lis
tic
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
,
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
en
ab
les
en
g
in
ee
r
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
c
h
allen
g
es
with
o
u
t
s
ac
r
if
icin
g
s
cien
tific
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
r
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
is
cip
lin
e.
T
h
is
ev
o
lv
in
g
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
p
r
o
v
id
es th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
b
r
id
g
e
to
war
d
a
d
ap
tiv
e
an
d
h
u
m
an
-
ce
n
tr
ed
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
wh
er
e
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
ef
f
icien
tly
b
u
t
also
to
co
llab
o
r
ate
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
with
p
e
o
p
le,
ad
a
p
t
to
ch
an
g
i
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
an
d
cr
ea
te
en
d
u
r
in
g
s
o
cieta
l v
alu
e.
7.
B
ridg
e
t
o
Ada
ptiv
e
a
nd
H
um
a
n
-
Cent
re
d E
ng
ineering
Hav
in
g
estab
lis
h
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
,
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
tag
e
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
co
n
ce
r
n
s
h
o
w
th
ese
p
r
in
cip
les
r
esh
a
p
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
esig
n
its
elf
.
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
l
y
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
tech
n
ically
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
b
u
t
also
ad
ap
tiv
e
,
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e,
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
to
h
u
m
an
n
ee
d
s
.
R
ath
er
th
an
v
iewin
g
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
esig
n
as
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
is
o
lated
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
th
is
em
er
g
in
g
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
em
p
h
asizes
d
esig
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
lear
n
in
g
,
ad
ap
tin
g
,
an
d
cr
ea
tin
g
s
u
s
tain
ed
v
alu
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
in
ter
ac
tio
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wit
h
th
eir
tech
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o
lo
g
ical,
h
u
m
a
n
,
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
tex
ts
.
Un
d
er
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tan
d
in
g
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
,
h
o
wev
er
,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
o
n
ly
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
On
ce
en
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in
ee
r
s
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
at
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
m
er
g
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
y
n
am
ic
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
am
o
n
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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-
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1090
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical,
h
u
m
an
,
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal,
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
l
elem
en
ts
,
th
e
n
ex
t
ch
alle
n
g
e
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
h
o
w
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
o
p
er
ate
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
with
in
s
u
ch
in
ter
co
n
n
e
cted
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
Fu
tu
r
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
th
er
ef
o
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
d
esig
n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
th
at
ex
p
licitly
em
b
r
ac
e
ad
ap
ta
tio
n
,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
s
y
s
tem
life
cy
cle.
T
h
is
ev
o
lv
in
g
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e
n
a
tu
r
ally
lead
s
to
war
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
an
d
h
u
m
a
n
-
ce
n
tr
e
d
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
.
ath
er
th
an
d
esig
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
s
o
lely
to
s
atis
f
y
p
r
ed
eter
m
in
e
d
tech
n
ical
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
r
ac
tice
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
p
a
b
le
o
f
lear
n
i
n
g
,
ad
a
p
tin
g
,
a
n
d
co
llab
o
r
atin
g
with
h
u
m
an
u
s
er
s
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
i
n
g
r
eliab
le
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
.
Hu
m
an
-
ce
n
tr
e
d
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
th
u
s
ex
ten
d
s
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
in
to
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
r
ac
tice
b
y
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
th
at
in
tellig
en
t
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
ac
h
iev
e
th
eir
g
r
ea
test
v
alu
e
wh
en
th
ey
co
m
p
lem
en
t
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
,
a
n
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
r
at
h
er
t
h
an
s
im
p
ly
r
e
p
lacin
g
h
u
m
an
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t.
W
h
ile
ad
ap
tiv
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
to
r
esp
o
n
d
in
tellig
en
tly
to
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
,
f
u
tu
r
e
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
m
u
s
t
also
r
em
ain
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tally
ce
n
tr
ed
o
n
h
u
m
a
n
v
alu
e
s
an
d
s
o
cieta
l
well
-
b
ein
g
.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
s
o
p
h
is
ticatio
n
alo
n
e
ca
n
n
o
t
d
e
f
in
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ex
ce
llen
ce
u
n
less
it
is
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
b
y
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
t
r
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
,
in
clu
s
iv
en
ess
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
life
cy
cle.
Ad
ap
tiv
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e
n
atu
r
ally
ev
o
lv
es
to
war
d
h
u
m
an
-
ce
n
tr
e
d
an
d
u
ltima
tely
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
le
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
wh
e
r
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
is
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
ly
alig
n
ed
with
eth
i
ca
l
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
o
cieta
l
v
al
u
e.
T
h
is
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
estab
li
s
h
es
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
r
o
ad
m
ap
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
n
tin
u
i
n
g
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
.
Fu
tu
r
e
ad
v
an
ce
s
will
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
l
y
d
e
p
en
d
o
n
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
d
esig
n
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
r
em
ain
ad
a
p
tiv
e,
h
u
m
a
n
-
ce
n
tr
ed
,
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le,
an
d
c
ap
ab
le
o
f
cr
ea
tin
g
en
d
u
r
in
g
s
o
cieta
l v
alu
e.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
ed
ito
r
ial
b
u
ild
s
u
p
o
n
th
is
s
y
s
tem
s
-
o
r
ien
ted
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
b
y
e
x
am
in
in
g
h
o
w
a
d
ap
tiv
e
an
d
h
u
m
an
-
ce
n
tr
ed
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
r
e
s
h
ap
es
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
esig
n
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
a
n
d
u
n
ce
r
tain
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
W
h
ile
th
is
ed
ito
r
ial
h
as
estab
li
s
h
ed
wh
y
en
g
in
ee
r
s
m
u
s
t
th
i
n
k
in
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
ex
p
lo
r
es
h
o
w
th
ese
p
r
in
cip
les
ca
n
b
e
tr
an
s
lated
in
to
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
th
at
en
ab
le
ad
ap
tiv
e,
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e,
r
esil
ien
t,
an
d
u
ltima
tely
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
r
ac
tice.
I
n
th
is
way
,
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
b
ec
o
m
es
n
o
t
th
e
en
d
p
o
in
t
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ev
o
lu
tio
n
,
b
u
t
th
e
in
tellectu
al
f
o
u
n
d
at
io
n
u
p
o
n
wh
ich
th
e
n
ex
t g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
esig
n
will c
o
n
tin
u
e
t
o
d
ev
el
o
p
.
8.
Co
nclus
io
n
Sy
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
a
n
atu
r
al
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
ath
e
r
th
an
a
d
ep
ar
tu
r
e
f
r
o
m
estab
lis
h
ed
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
p
r
in
cip
les.
R
ath
er
th
an
r
ep
laci
n
g
r
ed
u
ctio
n
is
t
an
aly
s
is
,
it
b
r
o
ad
en
s
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
b
y
em
p
h
asizin
g
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
em
er
g
en
ce
,
r
esil
ien
ce
,
an
d
h
o
lis
tic
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
alo
n
g
s
id
e
r
i
g
o
r
o
u
s
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
-
lev
el
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
en
a
b
les
en
g
in
ee
r
s
t
o
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
c
o
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
s
as
ad
ap
tiv
e,
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
,
a
n
d
d
y
n
am
ic
s
o
cio
-
tech
n
ical
e
n
titi
es
wh
o
s
e
o
v
er
all
b
eh
av
io
u
r
em
er
g
es th
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
ex
ten
d
in
g
b
e
y
o
n
d
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tally
r
esh
ap
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
th
in
k
in
g
an
d
p
r
ac
tice.
Fu
tu
r
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
e
x
ten
d
s
b
ey
o
n
d
an
aly
s
in
g
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
t
o
war
d
s
y
n
th
esizin
g
in
teg
r
ated
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
ad
ap
tin
g
to
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
,
b
alan
cin
g
co
m
p
etin
g
d
esig
n
o
b
jectiv
es,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
t
o
ev
o
lv
in
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal,
an
d
s
o
cieta
l
d
em
an
d
s
.
C
o
m
p
lex
ity
th
er
ef
o
r
e
b
ec
o
m
es
n
o
t
an
o
b
s
tacle
to
b
e
s
im
p
lifie
d
,
b
u
t
an
in
h
e
r
en
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
m
o
d
e
r
n
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
,
g
o
v
er
n
ed
,
an
d
in
teg
r
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
.
As
a
r
e
s
u
lt,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
e
x
ce
llen
ce
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
in
te
g
r
ate
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ac
r
o
s
s
d
is
cip
lin
es
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
th
at
r
em
ain
r
esil
ien
t,
ad
ap
tiv
e,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
eir
life
c
y
cle.
T
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
o
f
elec
tr
ical
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
will
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
n
o
t
s
o
lely
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
in
tellig
en
t
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies,
b
u
t
b
y
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
,
g
o
v
e
r
n
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ly
in
t
eg
r
ate
th
e
c
o
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
wh
ich
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
cr
ea
te
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
s
o
ciety
.
I
t
th
er
ef
o
r
e
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
n
o
t
m
er
ely
an
em
er
g
in
g
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
b
u
t
an
e
n
d
u
r
in
g
in
t
ellec
tu
al
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
B
y
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
an
al
y
tical
r
ig
o
r
with
h
o
lis
tic
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
,
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
en
ab
les
en
g
in
ee
r
s
to
d
esig
n
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
r
em
ain
ad
ap
tiv
e,
h
u
m
an
-
ce
n
tr
e
d
,
r
esil
ien
t,
an
d
u
ltima
tely
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
in
an
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
wo
r
ld
.
Ultim
ately
,
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
is
n
o
t
s
i
m
p
ly
a
n
ew
way
o
f
an
aly
s
in
g
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
it
is
th
e
in
tellectu
al
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
u
p
o
n
wh
ich
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
o
f
elec
tr
ical
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
ter
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
will c
o
n
tin
u
e
to
ev
o
lv
e.
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