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T
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s
te
m
s
d
u
e
to
t
h
eir
h
i
g
h
/
r
atio
s
an
d
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
b
u
r
d
e
n
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
iter
atio
n
s
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
p
er
s
i
s
ten
t
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
l
y
ef
f
icie
n
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
ca
n
d
ec
o
u
p
le
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
to
s
p
ee
d
u
p
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
w
it
h
o
u
t
s
ac
r
i
f
ici
n
g
th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
v
o
lta
g
e
(
2
0
k
V)
n
et
w
o
r
k
m
o
d
elin
g
.
P
o
w
er
f
lo
w
ca
lc
u
latio
n
h
a
s
tr
ad
itio
n
all
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
m
et
h
o
d
s
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
Ne
w
to
n
-
R
ap
h
s
o
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
alth
o
u
g
h
h
ig
h
l
y
ac
c
u
r
ate,
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
u
t
atio
n
all
y
in
te
n
s
iv
e,
esp
ec
iall
y
f
o
r
lar
g
e
o
r
co
m
p
lex
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
B
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
th
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e,
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
t
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
elec
tr
ica
l e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
Sev
er
al
r
ec
e
n
t
s
t
u
d
ies
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
h
av
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
r
es
ea
r
ch
is
to
o
p
tim
ize
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
p
r
o
f
i
le
o
f
a
2
0
k
V
s
y
s
te
m
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
f
a
s
t
-
d
ec
o
u
p
l
ed
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
o
r
FDP
F
alg
o
r
it
h
m
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
also
s
ee
k
s
to
f
i
n
e
-
tu
n
e
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
FD
L
F
m
et
h
o
d
to
s
u
it
t
h
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
a
2
0
k
V
s
y
s
te
m
,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
l
in
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
s
,
lo
ad
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
,
an
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
[
1
2
]
.
B
y
im
p
l
em
en
tin
g
th
e
f
as
t
-
d
ec
o
u
p
l
e
d
m
e
th
o
d
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
f
l
o
w
ca
l
cu
l
at
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
2
0
k
V
s
y
s
t
em
s
,
t
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
ch
is
e
x
p
ec
t
e
d
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
t
o
f
as
te
r
d
e
c
is
i
o
n
-
m
ak
in
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
es
,
b
e
t
te
r
v
o
l
t
ag
e
s
t
a
b
il
ity
,
an
d
en
h
an
c
e
d
en
e
r
g
y
d
i
s
t
r
ib
u
t
i
o
n
ef
f
i
ci
en
cy
.
S
ev
e
r
al
r
e
c
en
t
s
tu
d
i
es
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
h
av
e
s
u
g
g
es
t
e
d
th
a
t
t
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
m
ay
a
ls
o
s
e
r
v
e
a
s
a
r
ef
e
r
en
c
e
f
o
r
u
t
il
i
ty
c
o
m
p
an
i
es
an
d
s
y
s
tem
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
in
a
d
o
p
t
in
g
m
o
r
e
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
an
d
ef
f
i
ci
en
t
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
an
aly
s
i
s
an
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
.
An
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
p
r
i
m
ar
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
g
e
n
er
atio
n
,
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
a
n
d
lo
ad
(
en
d
u
s
e
r
s
)
.
E
lectr
ical
en
er
g
y
is
g
e
n
er
ated
an
d
th
e
n
tr
an
s
f
er
r
e
d
to
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
lin
e
s
v
ia
a
s
tep
-
u
p
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
Fro
m
th
er
e,
th
e
p
o
w
er
m
o
v
es
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
h
ic
h
f
i
n
all
y
d
eli
v
er
s
elec
tr
icit
y
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
A
n
ill
u
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
el
ec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
S
y
s
te
m
o
f
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
is
an
in
teg
r
ated
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
to
g
en
er
ate,
tr
an
s
m
it,
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
g
en
er
atio
n
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
(
lo
ad
s
)
in
a
r
eliab
le,
s
af
e,
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
t
m
an
n
er
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
m
ai
n
p
ar
ts
,
n
a
m
el
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
,
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
,
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
At
t
h
e
g
en
er
atio
n
s
tag
e,
e
lectr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
i
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
u
c
h
as
w
ater
,
s
tea
m
,
g
as,
co
al,
an
d
r
en
e
w
ab
l
e
en
er
g
y
,
t
h
e
n
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
e
f
f
ic
i
en
c
y
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
its
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
e
v
e
n
t
u
all
y
b
e
lo
ad
ed
u
p
to
its
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
ca
p
ac
it
y
i
n
l
in
e
w
it
h
lo
ad
g
r
o
w
t
h
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
h
r
ee
ty
p
es
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
:
r
ad
ial,
s
p
in
d
le,
an
d
lo
o
p
.
A
r
ad
ial
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
a
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
h
as
a
s
in
g
le
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
all
lo
ad
s
alo
n
g
o
n
e
p
ath
,
Sev
er
al
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ie
s
[
1
8
]
–
[
2
0
]
h
av
e
s
u
g
g
es
ted
th
at
a
s
p
i
n
d
le
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
a
s
y
s
te
m
th
at
h
a
s
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
o
n
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
th
e
lo
ad
s
,
b
u
t
s
till
in
a
b
r
an
ch
ed
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
a
lo
o
p
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
a
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
t
h
at
ar
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
,
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
ce
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
f
lex
ib
ili
t
y
.
W
it
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1693
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6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
1
4
40
-
1
44
8
1442
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
,
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
co
n
t
in
u
e
to
ev
o
lv
e
to
w
ar
d
s
s
m
ar
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
elec
tr
icit
y
s
er
v
ic
es.
I
n
its
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
w
il
l
ev
en
t
u
all
y
b
e
lo
ad
ed
u
p
to
its
m
ax
i
m
u
m
ca
p
ac
it
y
i
n
li
n
e
with
lo
ad
g
r
o
w
th
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
elec
t
r
ical
p
o
w
e
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
is
t
h
e
f
in
a
l
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
i
ca
l
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
th
a
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
to
d
is
t
r
ib
u
te
elec
tr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
b
s
tat
io
n
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
at
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el.
T
h
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
p
l
a
y
s
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
i
n
d
ete
r
m
in
in
g
t
h
e
q
u
al
it
y
,
r
eliab
il
it
y
,
an
d
co
n
tin
u
it
y
o
f
elec
tr
icit
y
s
er
v
ice.
B
ased
o
n
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el,
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
m
ed
iu
m
v
o
ltag
e
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
e
m
p
lo
y
s
t
h
e
f
a
s
t
d
ec
o
u
p
le
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
m
et
h
o
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
r
o
p
an
d
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es
b
y
p
laci
n
g
o
p
ti
m
al
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
alu
e
s
at
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
lo
ca
tio
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
P
r
o
p
er
ca
p
ac
ito
r
p
lace
m
e
n
t
ca
n
m
ai
n
tai
n
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
s
w
i
th
i
n
p
er
m
is
s
ib
le
li
m
it
s
,
t
h
er
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y
r
ed
u
cin
g
v
o
lta
g
e
d
r
o
p
s
an
d
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
a
q
u
an
titati
v
e
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
w
it
h
a
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
t
u
d
y
an
d
n
u
m
er
ica
l
an
al
y
s
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
ad
o
p
ts
a
q
u
an
ti
tativ
e
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
-
b
ased
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
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al
y
ze
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d
o
p
ti
m
ize
p
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er
f
lo
w
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
i
n
a
2
0
k
V
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
FD
L
F
m
et
h
o
d
.
FD
L
F
is
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
it
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
r
ed
u
ce
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
w
h
ile
m
ai
n
t
ain
i
n
g
ac
ce
p
tab
le
le
v
els
o
f
ac
cu
r
ac
y
i
n
lo
ad
f
lo
w
an
al
y
s
is
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
em
m
o
delin
g
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
in
v
o
l
v
es
co
n
s
tr
u
cti
n
g
a
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
2
0
k
V
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Un
lik
e
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
2
0
k
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
p
r
ec
is
e
m
o
d
eli
n
g
o
f
li
n
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
s
an
d
lo
ad
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
B
u
s
ad
m
it
tan
ce
m
a
tr
ix
(
)
,
t
h
is
m
atr
i
x
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
n
o
d
al
to
p
o
lo
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o
f
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n
et
w
o
r
k
.
=
+
(
1
)
T
h
e
t
ec
h
n
ica
l
r
o
le
d
ef
i
n
es
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
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et
w
ee
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
at
e
v
er
y
n
o
d
e.
I
n
a
2
0
k
V
s
y
s
te
m
,
is
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
h
o
w
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ee
d
er
s
an
d
b
r
an
ch
e
s
.
L
o
ad
r
ep
r
e
s
en
tatio
n
m
ea
n
s
t
h
a
t
th
e
l
o
ad
s
at
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
l
ev
el
ar
e
m
o
d
eled
as c
o
n
s
tan
t p
o
w
er
s
i
n
k
s
(
−
lo
ad
s
)
.
=
+
(
2
)
T
h
e
tech
n
ica
l
r
o
le
d
ef
i
n
es
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
eq
u
atio
n
s
,
r
ep
r
es
en
ti
n
g
th
e
r
ea
l
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
d
e
m
a
n
d
at
ea
ch
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
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t E
l
C
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n
tr
o
l
F
a
s
t
-
d
ec
o
u
p
le
d
p
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er flo
w
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timiz
a
tio
n
in
2
0
kV
s
ystems
(
A
b
r
a
r
Ta
n
ju
n
g
)
1443
2
.
2
.
I
m
ple
m
e
nta
t
io
n o
f
F
DL
F
T
h
e
FDL
F
alg
o
r
it
h
m
i
s
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
to
s
o
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e
th
e
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o
n
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li
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r
p
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w
er
f
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eq
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atio
n
s
b
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g
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
d
ec
o
u
p
lin
g
b
et
w
ee
n
r
ea
l p
o
w
er
/a
n
g
le
an
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
/v
o
lta
g
e.
−
A
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
b
-
p
r
o
b
lem
T
h
e
tech
n
ical
r
o
le
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
th
is
eq
u
atio
n
s
o
lv
es
f
o
r
p
h
ase
an
g
le
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
s
(
)
.
T
h
e
m
atr
ix
′
is
a
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
J
ac
o
b
ian
,
w
h
er
e
r
esis
ta
n
ce
is
o
f
t
en
n
e
g
lecte
d
r
elativ
e
to
r
ea
cta
n
ce
to
allo
w
f
o
r
f
aster
,
n
o
n
-
iter
ati
v
e
u
p
d
ates o
f
th
e
m
atr
i
x.
[
∆
]
=
[
"
]
[
∆
]
(
3
)
−
R
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
b
-
p
r
o
b
le
m
T
h
e
tech
n
ical
r
o
le
m
ea
n
s
th
i
s
s
o
lv
es
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
s
(
)
.
′′
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
to
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
ch
an
g
e
s
.
B
y
s
o
lv
in
g
th
e
s
e
t
w
o
eq
u
atio
n
s
s
ep
ar
atel
y
,
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
s
p
ee
d
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
u
p
to
5
ti
m
e
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
Ne
w
to
n
-
R
ap
h
s
o
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
[
∆
]
=
[
"
]
[
∆
]
(
4
)
2
.
3
.
Ra
t
io
na
liza
t
io
n o
f
ca
pa
cit
o
r
ba
nk
s
izing
T
o
o
p
ti
m
ize
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
ar
e
s
ized
n
o
t
b
y
tr
ial
an
d
er
r
o
r
,
b
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
tech
n
ical
r
atio
n
aliza
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
d
ef
ic
it.
−
R
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
in
j
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
m
u
la
T
h
e
tech
n
ical
r
o
le
m
ea
n
s
th
is
d
eter
m
i
n
e
s
th
e
e
x
ac
t
m
eg
a
v
o
lt
-
a
m
p
er
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
(
MV
AR
)
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
(
P
F)
f
r
o
m
an
i
n
e
f
f
icie
n
t state
(
e.
g
.
,
0
.
8
)
to
th
e
tar
g
et
s
tate
(
e.
g
.
,
0
.
9
5
)
.
I
t e
n
s
u
r
es th
at
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
Vb
an
k
is
n
o
t o
v
e
r
s
ized
,
w
h
ich
co
u
ld
ca
u
s
e
o
v
e
r
v
o
ltag
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
l
ig
h
t
-
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
=
(
∅
−
∅
)
(
5
)
−
Vo
ltag
e
s
e
n
s
it
iv
i
t
y
f
ac
to
r
(
VS
F)
T
h
e
tech
n
ical
r
o
le
m
ea
n
s
th
i
s
d
er
iv
ativ
e
id
en
tifie
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
en
s
iti
v
e
b
u
s
e
s
in
th
e
2
0
k
V
s
y
s
te
m
.
C
ap
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
2
.
=
(
6
)
2
.
4
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n w
o
rk
f
lo
w
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
llo
w
s
a
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
s
eq
u
e
n
tial
w
o
r
k
f
lo
w
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
v
ali
d
it
y
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
:
(
i)
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
i
tio
n
;
(
ii)
b
ase
ca
s
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
;
(
ii
i)
o
p
tim
a
l
s
izi
n
g
an
d
p
lace
m
en
t
;
(
iv
)
i
ter
ativ
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
:
re
-
r
u
n
n
in
g
t
h
e
FDLF
s
i
m
u
latio
n
w
i
th
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
ated
ca
p
ac
ito
r
m
o
d
els;
(
v
)
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
ch
ec
k
a
n
d
; a
n
d
(
v
i)
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ev
alu
at
io
n
.
2
.
5
.
P
o
w
er
f
lo
w
a
na
l
y
s
is
us
i
ng
t
he
f
a
s
t
-
deco
up
le
m
et
ho
d
FDLF
m
et
h
o
d
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
in
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
u
d
ies
t
o
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
an
elec
tr
ical
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
L
o
ad
f
lo
w
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
ai
m
s
to
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
es
an
d
p
h
ase
an
g
le
s
at
ea
ch
b
u
s
,
alo
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
a
n
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
is
d
ata
is
ess
e
n
tia
l
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
d
ep
en
d
ab
le,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
a
n
d
s
a
f
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
.
FD
L
F
is
a
n
ea
s
ier
an
d
f
aster
ad
ap
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
Ne
w
to
n
-
R
ap
h
s
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
I
t
ai
m
s
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
co
m
p
u
ta
ti
o
n
al
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
an
d
m
e
m
o
r
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
e
x
te
n
s
i
v
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Ca
lcula
t
i
o
n o
f
ca
pa
ci
t
o
r
ba
n
k
re
qu
ire
m
ent
s
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
:
1
=
√
2
−
2
=
√
6689
.
332
2
−
5685
.
932
2
=
3523
.
824
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
1
4
40
-
1
44
8
1444
2
=
×
2
=
5685
.
932
×
2
(
−
1
0
.
95
)
=
5685
.
932
×
0
.
32
=
1819
.
498
T
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
b
an
k
s
i
ze
f
o
r
th
e
Fla
m
b
o
y
an
Feed
er
is
:
1
=
0
.
85
1
−
1
=
31
.
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[
1
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T
.
Y
u
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[
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.
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Z
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rsity
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ru
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iau
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tere
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telli
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.
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c
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c
o
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t
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ted
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m
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il
:
d
se
ti
a
@u
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c
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i
d
.
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