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m
p
licit
n
u
m
er
ical
s
c
h
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m
e
t
h
at
co
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d
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,
all
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it
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r
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o
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o
d
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cin
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ar
tif
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.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
b
asic
f
lo
w
f
o
r
d
en
o
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i
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g
a
n
d
d
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lu
r
r
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g
co
lo
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i
m
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.
T
h
e
ap
p
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ac
h
is
ap
p
licab
le
to
a
w
i
d
e
r
an
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f
i
m
ag
e
r
esto
r
atio
n
task
s
,
i
n
clu
d
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g
t
h
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d
ig
ital
r
esto
r
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n
o
f
d
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r
ad
ed
co
lo
r
d
o
cu
m
e
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,
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
co
n
s
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m
er
p
h
o
to
g
r
ap
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s
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f
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ted
b
y
s
en
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r
n
o
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e
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h
t
m
o
tio
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o
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s
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ed
ical
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a
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e
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n
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o
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n
d
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lu
r
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ed
,
s
atellite
a
n
d
ae
r
ial
i
m
ag
i
n
g
s
u
b
j
ec
t
to
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
d
eg
r
ad
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n
,
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
it
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
p
er
atin
g
u
n
d
er
p
o
o
r
lig
h
ti
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
as
w
ell
a
s
u
n
d
er
w
a
ter
an
d
lo
w
-
ill
u
m
i
n
atio
n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
Flo
w
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
d
en
o
is
i
n
g
an
d
b
lu
r
r
in
g
c
o
lo
r
im
a
g
es
2.
R
E
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
T
s
ch
u
m
p
er
lé
an
d
Der
ic
h
e
[
2
0]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
-
s
h
o
c
k
f
il
ter
co
u
p
lin
g
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
a
r
ea
ctiv
e
ter
m
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
id
er
s
t
h
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
a
m
o
n
g
all
co
lo
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
w
it
h
i
n
an
i
m
a
g
e
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
t
w
o
n
o
v
el
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
[
2
3
]
,
w
h
er
e
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
an
d
s
h
o
ck
ter
m
s
ar
e
co
m
p
u
ted
u
s
i
n
g
s
h
ar
ed
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
all
i
m
ag
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
u
s
e
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
g
r
ad
ien
t
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e,
w
h
ic
h
is
co
m
p
u
t
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
Di
Z
e
n
zo
n
o
r
m
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
y
ield
s
s
ati
s
f
ac
to
r
y
o
u
tco
m
es
b
y
ef
f
ec
t
iv
el
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
n
o
is
e
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
co
lo
r
i
m
ag
e
s
.
Nev
e
r
th
eles
s
,
d
esp
ite
its
u
s
e
o
f
a
v
ec
to
r
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
s
h
o
ck
f
ilter
m
a
y
s
till
p
r
o
d
u
ce
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
lo
r
s
in
ce
r
tain
in
s
ta
n
ce
s
[
2
1
]
.
B
ettah
ar
et
a
l
.
[
2
1
]
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
a
v
ec
to
r
ial
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
-
s
h
o
ck
f
ilter
co
u
p
li
n
g
m
o
d
el
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
tailo
r
ed
f
o
r
co
lo
r
i
m
ag
e
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
s
in
g
le
v
ec
t
o
r
s
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
g
r
ad
ien
t
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
d
er
iv
ativ
es
to
estab
lis
h
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
a
m
o
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
co
lo
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
w
ith
i
n
th
e
i
m
ag
e.
I
n
t
h
e
B
ettah
ar
f
ilt
er
,
a
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
ea
ctio
n
-
c
u
r
v
at
u
r
e
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
e
m
p
l
o
y
ed
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
t
w
o
ter
m
s
:
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
en
s
u
r
es
s
e
lectiv
e
s
m
o
o
th
i
n
g
th
a
t
r
ed
u
ce
s
n
o
i
s
e
i
n
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
r
eg
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
i
m
ag
e,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
a
s
im
p
le
s
h
o
c
k
f
ilter
[
2
1
]
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
to
d
en
o
is
e
an
d
d
eb
lu
r
lo
w
-
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
i
m
a
g
es,
Xiao
et
a
l
.
[
2
2]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
i
m
a
g
e
s
u
p
er
-
r
es
o
lu
tio
n
a
n
d
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
s
m
o
o
th
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
h
o
ck
f
il
ter
at
i
m
a
g
e
ed
g
e
s
,
Xiao
’
s
m
o
d
el
co
m
b
in
e
s
an
e
d
g
e
-
s
to
p
p
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
i
t
h
a
f
o
r
w
ar
d
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
t
is
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
to
n
o
te
th
at
in
[
2
2
]
,
th
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
a
d
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
co
lo
r
i
m
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
w
it
h
o
u
t
co
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
eir
m
et
h
o
d
to
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
elev
a
n
t
P
DE
-
b
ased
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
co
lo
r
im
a
g
es
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
s
tead
,
th
eir
f
o
cu
s
w
a
s
o
n
m
ar
g
in
al
v
ar
ia
tio
n
s
o
f
ex
is
ti
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
k
n
o
w
n
to
b
e
in
ef
f
icie
n
t
f
o
r
co
lo
r
im
a
g
es [
2
1
]
.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
O
DE
L
T
o
a
d
v
an
ce
t
h
e
e
f
f
icac
y
o
f
s
h
o
ck
f
i
lter
-
d
i
f
f
u
s
io
n
co
u
p
lin
g
s
ch
e
m
e
s
f
o
r
co
lo
r
i
m
ag
e
s
h
ar
p
en
in
g
a
n
d
d
en
o
is
in
g
,
w
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
m
o
d
el
d
esig
n
ed
to
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
e
n
h
an
ce
ed
g
es
w
h
i
le
r
e
m
o
v
in
g
n
o
is
e,
d
r
a
w
in
g
u
p
o
n
p
r
io
r
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies,
a
n
d
p
r
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v
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n
g
th
e
i
n
teg
r
it
y
o
f
s
h
o
c
k
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
Ou
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
m
a
lg
a
m
ates
m
o
d
i
f
ied
cu
r
v
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u
r
e
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
w
i
th
a
s
h
o
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f
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lter
.
T
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e
m
o
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f
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d
e
d
u
p
o
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th
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f
o
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w
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p
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s
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
t
h
e
g
r
ad
ie
n
t
n
o
r
m
.
A
m
ar
g
i
n
al
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
is
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
g
r
ad
ien
t
(
)
in
t
h
e
d
iv
er
g
e
n
ce
f
u
n
ctio
n
an
d
t
h
e
s
h
o
ck
f
ilter
ter
m
s
,
w
h
ile
a
co
m
m
o
n
v
ec
t
o
r
n
o
r
m
|
∇
|
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
esti
m
a
te
th
e
g
r
ad
ien
t
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
m
o
o
t
h
ed
v
e
r
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
lo
r
im
a
g
e
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
D
i Z
e
n
zo
n
o
r
m
:
|
|
=
√
∑
|
|
2
3
=
1
(
3
)
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
clo
s
er
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
a
m
o
n
g
all
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
,
w
e
esti
m
ate
t
h
e
s
m
o
o
th
ed
s
ec
o
n
d
d
er
iv
ativ
e
in
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
∑
3
=
1
(
4
)
=
2
+
2
+
2
2
+
2
(
5)
T
h
e
ter
m
(
−
(
|
|
)
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
b
ala
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
u
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
h
o
ck
f
ilter
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
s
e
lecti
v
el
y
s
m
o
o
t
h
ed
r
eg
io
n
s
an
d
s
h
ar
p
en
ed
ed
g
es
w
it
h
(
−
)
as
a
r
ea
ctiv
e
ter
m
.
I
n
itiall
y
,
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
is
co
m
p
u
ted
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
eq
u
atio
n
;
s
u
b
s
e
q
u
en
tl
y
,
i
s
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
eq
u
atio
n
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
w
it
h
i
n
s
tatio
n
a
r
y
co
lo
r
r
eg
io
n
s
,
t
h
e
g
r
ad
ien
t
n
o
r
m
|
∇
|
is
w
ea
k
,
y
ield
in
g
a
v
al
u
e
th
at
te
n
d
s
to
w
ar
d
s
1
to
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
|
|
)
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
(
−
(
|
|
)
)
ten
d
s
to
w
ar
d
s
0
an
d
s
h
o
ck
f
il
ter
ef
f
ec
t
is
s
u
p
p
r
ess
ed
.
Dif
f
u
s
io
n
ter
m
th
e
n
s
m
o
o
th
s
n
o
i
s
e
ac
r
o
s
s
al
l
i
m
a
g
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
u
s
i
n
g
s
h
ar
ed
v
ec
to
r
s
.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
ed
g
es,
(
−
(
|
|
)
)
tak
es
v
al
u
e
t
en
d
in
g
to
w
ar
d
an
d
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
(
−
)
w
il
l
b
e
am
p
li
f
ied
b
y
th
is
f
ac
to
r
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
s
h
o
ck
s
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
|
∇
|
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
d
i
f
f
u
s
io
n
f
ilter
i
n
s
m
o
o
th
r
eg
io
n
s
,
eli
m
i
n
ati
n
g
n
o
i
s
e,
an
d
as
a
s
h
o
ck
f
il
ter
at
r
eg
io
n
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies,
en
h
an
ci
n
g
ed
g
es
w
it
h
o
u
t
in
tr
o
d
u
ci
n
g
co
lo
r
ar
tif
ac
ts
.
4.
N
UM
E
RICAL
I
M
P
L
E
M
E
N
T
AT
I
O
N
Fin
ite
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
ch
e
m
es
ar
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
d
er
iv
ativ
e
s
.
T
h
u
s
f
o
r
v
alu
es
o
f
eq
u
al
to
1
,
2
,
an
d
3
,
th
e
d
is
cr
ete
i
m
ag
e
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
a
v
ec
to
r
[
1
×
]
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
,
[
1
,
…
,
]
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
g
r
a
y
-
lev
e
l
in
te
n
s
it
y
at
th
e
r
esp
ec
ti
v
e
p
ix
els.
E
ac
h
p
ix
el
ass
o
ciate
d
w
i
th
a
s
p
atial
lo
ca
tio
n
.
L
et
ℎ
d
en
o
te
t
h
e
d
is
cr
etiza
tio
n
g
r
id
s
ize.
Dis
cr
ete
ti
m
es
=
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
,
w
h
er
e
is
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
te
g
er
th
a
t
d
eter
m
in
es
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
ter
atio
n
s
an
d
is
th
e
ti
m
e
s
tep
.
,
,
|
|
,
|
|
,
|
|
,
,
,
(
)
,
(
)
,
an
d
d
en
o
te
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
at
io
n
s
o
f
(
,
)
,
(
,
)
,
|
|
,
|
|
,
|
|
,
(
|
∇
|
)
,
,
,
,
an
d
(
∗
)
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tin
g
te
m
p
o
r
al
d
er
iv
ati
v
es
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
,
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
n
u
m
er
ical
s
c
h
e
m
es a
r
e
ad
o
p
ted
:
=
+
1
−
(
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
A
ve
cto
r
-
va
lu
ed
P
DE
m
o
d
el
u
n
ifyin
g
a
n
is
o
tr
o
p
ic
d
iffu
s
io
n
a
n
d
s
h
o
ck
filt
er fo
r
…
(
S
a
id
K
a
r
o
u
i
)
1345
=
+
1
−
(
7
)
Firstl
y
,
w
e
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
eq
u
atio
n
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el:
+
1
−
=
−
|
|
(
8
)
As
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
in
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
is
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
v
al
u
e
o
f
.
it f
o
llo
w
s
t
h
at:
+
1
−
=
−
|
|
(
9
)
Su
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
w
e
ar
e
ab
le
to
estab
lis
h
:
+
1
=
−
|
|
(
1
0
)
Du
r
in
g
ea
ch
iter
atio
n
,
th
e
i
m
ag
e
+
1
w
ill
b
e
in
j
ec
ted
in
to
th
e
f
ir
s
t
eq
u
atio
n
w
i
th
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el.
Fo
r
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
|
|
in
th
e
s
h
o
ck
eq
u
atio
n
,
w
e
u
s
e
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e:
|
|
=
1
ℎ
√
(
(
+
,
−
)
)
2
+
(
(
+
,
−
)
)
2
(
1
1
)
w
h
er
e
−
an
d
+
ar
e
b
ac
k
w
ar
d
an
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
o
f
in
d
ir
ec
tio
n
an
d
−
an
d
+
ar
e
b
ac
k
w
ar
d
an
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
o
f
in
y
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
(
,
)
is
th
e
m
i
n
m
o
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
:
(
,
)
=
{
(
)
(
|
|
,
|
|
)
if
>
0
0
o
th
er
w
is
e
(
1
2
)
Fo
r
th
e
d
is
cr
etis
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
d
er
iv
ativ
e
p
u
,
w
e
u
s
e
c
en
tr
al
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
to
d
is
cr
etize
all
d
er
iv
ativ
e
s
s
u
ch
as
:
=
(
)
2
+
2
+
(
)
2
(
)
2
+
(
)
2
(
1
3
)
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
a
s
e
m
i
-
i
m
p
licit
s
ch
e
m
e
w
it
h
h
ar
m
o
n
i
c
av
er
ag
i
n
g
is
u
s
ed
to
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
t
h
e
q
u
asi
-
d
iv
er
g
en
ce
ter
m
[
1
8
]
,
[
2
4
]
:
|
|
(
(
|
|
)
|
|
)
=
|
|
∑
2
(
|
|
)
+
(
|
|
)
∈
(
)
(
−
)
ℎ
2
(
1
4
)
(
)
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
s
p
ix
els o
f
p
ix
el
an
d
|
|
=
√
∑
∑
(
|
|
)
2
3
=
1
∈
{
,
}
(
1
5
)
|
|
=
√
∑
∑
(
|
|
)
2
3
=
1
∈
{
,
}
(
1
6
)
=
1
1
+
(
|
|
)
2
(
1
7
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
1
342
-
1
3
5
2
1346
T
ak
in
g
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t th
at
=
,
w
e
ca
n
o
b
tain
th
e
n
u
m
er
ical
s
ch
e
m
e:
+
1
−
τ
=
|
∇
|
∑
2
(
|
∇
|
)
+
(
|
∇
|
)
∈
(
)
(
−
)
ℎ
2
−
(
−
)
(
+
1
−
+
τ
|
∇
|
)
(
1
8
)
T
h
u
s
+
1
=
τ
|
∇
|
ℎ
2
∑
2
(
|
∇
|
)
+
(
|
∇
|
)
∈
(
)
+
1
−
τ
(
|
∇
|
ℎ
2
∑
2
(
|
∇
|
)
+
(
|
∇
|
)
+
(
−
)
∈
(
)
)
+
1
+
(
1
+
τ
(
−
)
)
−
τ
2
(
−
)
|
∇
|
(
1
9
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
m
atr
ix
-
v
ec
to
r
n
o
tatio
n
[
3
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
w
e
ca
n
o
b
tain
at
ea
ch
iter
ati
o
n
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
+
1
fr
o
m
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
e
m
i
-
i
m
p
licit sc
h
e
m
e:
+
1
=
(
)
+
1
+
(
+
(
)
)
−
2
(
)
(
)
|
|
(
2
0
)
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
b
y
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
i
n
g
th
e
m
atr
i
x
A
in
to
x
an
d
y
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
,
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
e
x
p
r
ess
i
o
n
is
d
ed
u
ce
d
:
(
−
∑
(
)
∈
{
,
}
)
+
1
=
(
(
+
(
)
)
−
2
(
)
(
)
|
|
)
(
2
1
)
d
en
o
tes
th
e
u
n
it
m
atr
ix
.
T
h
e
m
atr
i
x
(
∈
{
,
}
)
,
an
d
h
av
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
̂
(
)
=
{
|
|
ℎ
2
2
(
|
|
)
+
(
|
|
)
≠
,
∈
(
)
−
|
|
ℎ
2
∑
2
(
|
|
)
+
(
|
|
)
−
(
−
)
∈
(
)
=
0
o
th
er
w
i
s
e
(
2
2
)
(
)
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Ho
w
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ed
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.
I
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s
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it
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e
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m
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ed
as:
+
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2
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
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A
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o
m
m
u
n
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ed
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m
o
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u
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tr
o
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s
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o
ck
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r
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(
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a
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i
)
1347
I
t is n
o
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le
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at
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h
e
m
atr
ix
e
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r
ess
ed
as
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=
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6
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le,
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e
it i
s
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|
m
|
≻
∑
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m
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(
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7
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5.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
CO
M
P
ARIS
O
N
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
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ar
is
o
n
is
co
n
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u
cted
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et
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ee
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
an
d
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
T
s
ch
u
m
p
er
lé
-
Der
ic
h
e,
Xiao
,
an
d
B
ettah
ar
.
P
ar
am
eter
s
elec
ti
o
n
is
g
u
id
ed
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
o
p
ti
m
al
r
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lt
s
f
o
r
ea
c
h
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ilter
.
T
h
e
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alu
e
s
o
f
t
h
ese
p
a
r
a
m
eter
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ar
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etr
e
m
in
ed
e
m
p
ir
ical
ly
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
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iter
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io
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s
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
ac
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r
d
in
g
to
v
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s
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a
l
q
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s
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en
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n
d
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ch
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e,
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a
m
e
n
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o
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iter
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n
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et
h
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s
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air
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m
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ar
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o
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R
e
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g
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e
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s
m
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en
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m
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e
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h
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le
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eser
v
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g
f
i
n
e
d
etails
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n
t
h
e
r
esto
r
ed
i
m
a
g
es.
A
ll
m
o
d
els
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
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lu
r
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ed
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d
n
o
is
y
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m
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g
es.
A
r
ti
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icial
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lu
r
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tr
o
d
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ce
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v
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Gau
s
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n
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ti
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th
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ig
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s
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ed
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y
i
n
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ec
tin
g
r
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d
o
m
Gau
s
s
ia
n
n
o
is
e
i
n
to
th
e
b
l
u
r
r
ed
i
m
a
g
e
s
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
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w
as
ca
r
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ied
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t
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s
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g
t
h
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P
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m
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ter
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C
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ith
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n
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r
e
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n
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al
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ce
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it
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P
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o
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er
ati
n
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at
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.
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0
Gh
z.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
s
2
to
7
,
s
u
b
f
ig
u
r
es
(
a)
to
(
f
)
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r
r
e
s
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ig
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m
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d
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e,
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m
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s
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g
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ch
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m
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ic
h
e
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ilter
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m
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s
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g
th
e
B
etta
h
ar
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lter
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m
a
g
e
r
e
s
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ed
u
s
i
n
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th
e
Xiao
f
ilter
,
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d
i
m
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e
r
esto
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ed
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s
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t
h
e
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o
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ed
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ilter
,
r
esp
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o
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atio
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e
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ea
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ig
n
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to
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n
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r
atio
(
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SNR
)
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d
s
tr
u
ct
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r
al
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
i
n
d
ex
(
SS
I
M)
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
[
2
5
]
.
F
ig
u
r
e
2
d
e
p
i
c
ts
th
e
w
in
d
o
w
im
ag
e
af
t
e
r
b
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r
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g
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ad
d
i
t
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o
n
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l
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g
in
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PS
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o
f
2
9
.
5
3
d
B
.
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r
th
e
p
r
o
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ed
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ilter
,
th
e
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
ar
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et
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=
3
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=
20
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d
=
0
.
05
w
i
th
1
0
0
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atio
n
s
f
o
r
all
f
i
lter
s
.
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ll
m
et
h
o
d
s
ef
f
e
ctiv
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y
s
m
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o
t
h
n
o
is
e
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n
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
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u
s
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io
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s
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w
e
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r
,
th
e
T
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ch
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m
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ich
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ce
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e
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t
w
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s
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m
o
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el
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ce
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e
lo
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o
f
s
m
all
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etails.
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n
co
n
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ast,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
ac
c
u
r
atel
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r
eser
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es
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es
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it
h
o
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t
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o
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ls
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r
s
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s
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s
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ated
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y
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t
h
e
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d
o
w
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m
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g
e
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n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
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o
th
th
e
p
r
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o
s
ed
m
e
th
o
d
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d
B
ettah
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m
o
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ield
g
o
o
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r
e
s
u
lt
s
.
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w
e
v
er
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th
e
Xiao
m
et
h
o
d
d
is
to
r
ts
s
h
ap
es
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s
h
ee
ts
a
n
d
r
ed
f
lo
w
er
)
b
y
cu
r
v
i
n
g
th
e
m
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
s
m
o
o
t
h
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n
g
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
ter
m
p
er
p
en
d
icu
lar
to
th
e
g
r
ad
ien
t
to
th
e
i
m
ag
e
.
No
tab
ly
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
ac
h
iev
es
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h
ig
h
er
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SNR
t
h
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t
h
e
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m
p
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n
g
m
o
d
el
s
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w
h
ic
h
i
s
f
u
r
th
er
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n
f
i
r
m
ed
b
y
t
h
e
MS
SIM
v
al
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es i
n
T
a
b
le
1
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
(
f
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
n
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t o
f
w
in
d
o
w
i
m
a
g
e:
(
a)
o
r
ig
in
a
l i
m
a
g
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lu
r
r
y
a
n
d
n
o
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m
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c)
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s
ch
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m
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ich
e
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i
lter
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d
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ettah
ar
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ilt
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e)
Xiao
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ilter
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d
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o
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ilter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
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T
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24
,
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4
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A
u
g
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t
20
26
:
1
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r
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T
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im
en
t
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o
n
s
i
d
e
r
s
th
e
b
lu
r
r
e
d
an
d
n
o
is
y
f
a
c
e
im
ag
e
,
w
ith
an
i
n
i
t
ia
l
PS
N
R
o
f
3
2
.
4
8
d
B
(
F
ig
u
r
e
4
)
.
T
h
e
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r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
th
e
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ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
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et
to
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=
4
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=
20
,
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d
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.
02
w
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th
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0
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iter
atio
n
s
f
o
r
all
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ilter
s
.
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h
ile
all
m
o
d
els
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f
ec
ti
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el
y
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ed
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ce
n
o
is
e,
clo
s
er
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
o
f
lo
c
al
d
etails
(
Fig
u
r
e
5
)
r
ev
ea
ls
n
o
tab
le
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
.
T
h
e
T
s
ch
u
m
p
er
lé
-
Der
ich
e
m
et
h
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