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ab
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6
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[
1
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–
[
3
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T
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[
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h
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m
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n
t
s
tr
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A
li
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[
1
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d
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m
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s
tr
ated
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ten
tial
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m
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[
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ad
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ab
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tech
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iq
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A
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[
3
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p
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ev
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w
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Sh
ah
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.
[
4
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cr
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ex
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m
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ca
th
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d
e
th
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m
al
ex
p
an
s
io
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ch
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llen
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Ho
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m
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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6930
T
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KOM
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m
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p
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C
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n
tr
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,
Vo
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24
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
1
41
9
-
1
42
6
1420
an
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tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
f
o
r
d
esig
n
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
,
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
au
x
ilia
r
y
lo
ad
s
,
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
S
O
FC
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
in
to
s
m
ar
t
g
r
i
d
s
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
g
en
er
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
B
y
b
r
id
g
in
g
t
h
er
m
o
d
y
n
a
m
ics,
m
ater
i
als
s
cie
n
ce
,
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
ad
v
an
ci
n
g
SO
FC
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
a
s
a
v
iab
le
alter
n
ati
v
e
o
r
c
o
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
to
c
o
m
b
i
n
ed
c
y
cle
g
a
s
tu
r
b
in
e
(
C
C
GT
)
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
n
t
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
to
w
ar
d
s
u
s
ta
in
ab
le
an
d
ef
f
icien
t e
n
er
g
y
g
en
er
atio
n
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
S
T
UDY
A
liter
atu
r
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
f
u
el
ce
l
ls
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
th
e
ir
m
ai
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
th
e
a
n
o
d
e,
elec
tr
o
ly
te,
an
d
ca
th
o
d
e.
I
n
SOF
C
,
elec
tr
icit
y
is
g
e
n
er
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
io
n
izat
io
n
at
t
h
e
a
n
o
d
e,
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
h
y
d
r
o
g
e
n
io
n
s
an
d
elec
tr
o
n
s
.
A
t
th
e
c
ath
o
d
e,
elec
tr
o
n
s
ar
r
iv
in
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
an
o
d
e
f
ac
ilit
a
te
o
x
y
g
en
io
n
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lti
n
g
o
x
y
g
e
n
io
n
s
t
h
e
n
m
i
g
r
ate
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
l
y
te
t
o
th
e
an
o
d
e,
w
h
er
e
th
e
y
r
ea
ct
w
it
h
h
y
d
r
o
g
e
n
io
n
s
to
f
o
r
m
w
ater
(
H₂O)
[
3
]
–
[
5
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Li
et
a
l
.
[
6
]
,
SOFC
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
u
p
er
io
r
elec
tr
o
ch
em
ical
e
n
er
g
y
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
f
u
el
ce
ll
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
is
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
is
e
v
id
en
t
i
n
ad
o
p
tio
n
tr
en
d
s
,
w
i
t
h
in
s
talled
ca
p
ac
it
y
r
is
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
.
7
MW
in
2
0
1
4
to
2
7
.
8
MW
in
2
0
1
8
a
n
ea
r
ly
ten
f
o
ld
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
f
o
u
r
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
SO
FC
s
is
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
to
th
at
o
f
n
atu
r
al
g
a
s
co
m
b
in
ed
c
y
cle
(
NGC
C
)
p
o
w
er
p
lan
ts
,
w
h
ich
co
m
b
i
n
e
g
a
s
an
d
s
tea
m
t
u
r
b
in
es.
I
n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
SOFC
d
es
ig
n
co
n
ce
p
t
m
o
d
el
to
ev
alu
ate
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
u
n
d
er
k
e
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
cin
g
elec
tr
icit
y
g
en
er
atio
n
.
Li
et
a
l
.
[
6
]
em
p
h
as
izes
t
h
at
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
h
i
g
h
ef
f
icien
c
y
r
eq
u
ir
es
d
ed
icate
d
r
esear
ch
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
i
n
h
ea
t
m
an
ag
e
m
e
n
t
as
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
b
alan
ce
o
f
p
lan
t
(
B
o
P
)
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
B
o
P
s
tu
d
y
m
u
s
t
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
au
x
iliar
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
o
p
ti
m
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
B
u
ild
in
g
o
n
p
r
io
r
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
h
er
e
is
to
id
e
n
ti
f
y
an
d
v
alid
ate,
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
th
e
cr
it
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
SOF
C
el
ec
tr
icit
y
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
t
h
er
m
al
o
u
tp
u
t.
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
o
n
co
m
m
er
cial
SOFC
p
o
w
er
p
lan
ts
h
as
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
elec
t
r
ical
ef
f
icien
c
ies
o
f
ar
o
u
n
d
6
0
%
at
r
ated
p
o
w
er
[
7
]
,
w
h
ile
co
m
b
i
n
ed
h
ea
t
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
(
C
HP
)
s
y
s
te
m
s
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
ef
f
icie
n
cie
s
ex
ce
ed
i
n
g
8
0
%
[
8
]
.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
v
esti
g
ate
s
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
SOF
C
ce
ll
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
n
n
et
s
y
s
te
m
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
A
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
n
SO
FC
-
b
ased
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
a
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
1
0
0
k
W
e
(
AC
)
w
er
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
-
s
ca
le
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
B
o
P
th
er
m
al
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
i
n
te
g
r
ated
to
u
tili
ze
r
e
s
id
u
al
h
ea
t
f
r
o
m
elec
tr
o
ch
e
m
ical
r
ea
ctio
n
s
a
n
d
e
x
h
au
s
t
g
a
s
es,
t
h
er
eb
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
o
v
er
all
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
.
Fu
el
g
as
s
u
p
p
lied
to
th
e
an
o
d
e
w
as
s
e
t
ab
o
v
e
s
to
ich
io
m
etr
i
c
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
s
,
leav
i
n
g
at
least
1
0
%
ex
ce
s
s
f
u
el
u
n
r
ea
cted
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
tab
le
elec
tr
o
ch
e
m
ical
r
ea
ctio
n
s
,
w
h
ile
c
ath
o
d
e
air
s
er
v
ed
b
o
th
as
an
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
a
th
er
m
a
l stab
ilizer
.
C
y
cle
T
e
m
p
o
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
w
as
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
t
h
e
SO
F
C
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t
co
n
ce
p
t
m
o
d
el.
B
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
s
tead
y
-
s
ta
te
o
p
er
atio
n
,
ex
ter
n
al
s
tea
m
r
ef
o
r
m
i
n
g
o
f
n
at
u
r
al
g
a
s
,
an
d
v
ar
iab
le
ce
ll
o
u
tp
u
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
es
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
6
0
0
–
1
0
0
0
°C
.
T
h
e
n
at
u
r
al
g
a
s
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
w
a
s
C
H₄
7
9
%,
C
₂H₆
1
3
.
5
%,
C
₃H₈
3
.
9
2
%,
C
O₂
0
.
6
4
%,
an
d
N₂
3
.
0
4
%
[
9
]
.
E
x
ter
n
al
r
ef
o
r
m
i
n
g
w
a
s
s
elec
ted
o
v
er
in
ter
n
a
l
r
ef
o
r
m
i
n
g
b
ased
o
n
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ati
n
g
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
ch
e
m
ical
a
n
d
elec
tr
o
ch
e
m
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
3
]
.
Ke
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
in
cl
u
d
ed
r
ef
o
r
m
er
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
,
p
r
ess
u
r
e
d
r
o
p
ac
r
o
s
s
B
o
P
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
,
an
d
au
x
iliar
y
lo
ad
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
FD
f
a
n
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
v
al
u
es
w
er
e
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
p
u
b
li
s
h
ed
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
a
n
d
m
o
d
eli
n
g
s
t
u
d
ies
[
1
4
]
–
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
R
esis
ta
n
ce
an
d
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
f
ac
to
r
s
w
er
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
to
r
ef
lect
r
ea
lis
tic
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
r
ec
en
t
an
al
y
s
e
s
o
f
SOFC
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
m
e
th
an
e
-
r
ic
h
an
d
lo
w
C
H₄/H₂
O
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
B
aselin
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
w
er
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
p
u
b
li
s
h
ed
SOFC
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
ata
to
en
s
u
r
e
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
[
1
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
8
]
r
e
p
o
r
ted
g
r
o
s
s
ef
f
i
cien
cies
e
x
ce
ed
in
g
6
0
%
u
n
d
e
r
s
i
m
ilar
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
w
h
ich
ali
g
n
s
w
it
h
th
e
b
aselin
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
.
Au
x
iliar
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
s
u
ch
as
FD
f
an
s
an
d
th
e
ex
te
r
n
al
r
e
f
o
r
m
er
w
er
e
m
o
d
el
ed
w
ith
e
x
p
licit
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
li
n
k
i
n
g
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
to
co
n
tr
o
l
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
s
co
p
e.
T
h
eir
o
p
er
atio
n
w
a
s
tr
ea
ted
as
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
s
u
b
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
B
o
P
,
allo
w
in
g
ev
alu
a
tio
n
o
f
th
ei
r
i
m
p
ac
t o
n
n
e
t e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
S
tu
d
y
o
f t
h
e
effec
t o
f c
h
a
n
g
es i
n
ce
ll o
u
tp
u
t te
mp
era
tu
r
e
o
n
…
(
Ha
n
d
r
ea
B
ern
a
n
d
o
Ta
mb
u
n
a
n
)
1421
Fin
all
y
,
s
e
n
s
it
iv
i
t
y
a
n
al
y
s
es
w
er
e
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
v
ar
y
i
n
g
i
n
p
u
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
f
u
el
co
m
p
o
s
i
tio
n
,
r
ef
o
r
m
er
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
an
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e
d
r
o
p
.
T
h
ese
v
ar
iatio
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
s
i
g
h
t
in
to
h
o
w
a
u
x
iliar
y
lo
ad
s
an
d
th
er
m
a
l
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
in
f
l
u
en
ce
n
et
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
n
d
r
ef
o
r
m
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
4
.
1
.
P
a
ra
m
et
er
m
o
del
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
d
esig
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
SO
FC
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
u
s
e
s
r
esid
u
al
h
ea
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
ch
e
m
ical
r
ea
ct
io
n
an
d
r
esid
u
al
f
u
el
i
n
th
e
S
O
FC
to
h
ea
t t
h
e
f
u
el
r
ef
o
r
m
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
(
n
atu
r
al
g
a
s
)
.
T
h
en
th
e
ex
h
a
u
s
t
g
a
s
is
als
o
u
s
ed
to
h
ea
t
th
e
f
u
el,
air
,
an
d
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
tea
m
o
r
B
o
P
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
S
OF
C
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
p
u
t
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
f
u
el,
t
h
e
n
th
e
r
ea
ctan
t
s
a
ir
an
d
w
ater
v
ap
o
r
.
W
ater
v
ap
o
r
,
in
th
is
s
y
s
te
m
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
r
e
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
n
at
u
r
al
g
a
s
f
u
el
i
n
to
s
i
m
p
ler
m
ater
ials
,
n
a
m
e
l
y
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
g
a
s
w
h
ic
h
w
i
ll
later
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
elec
tr
o
ch
e
m
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
e
SOFC
.
W
h
ile
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
u
tp
u
t
i
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
an
d
e
x
h
a
u
s
t
g
as.
T
h
e
r
e
m
a
in
i
n
g
e
x
h
au
s
t
g
as
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
ch
e
m
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
b
u
r
n
ed
in
t
h
e
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
c
h
a
m
b
er
(
af
ter
b
u
r
n
er
)
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
i
g
h
er
h
ea
t
p
o
w
er
.
I
n
th
e
SOF
C
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
r
e
m
ain
in
g
r
ea
ctio
n
f
u
el
is
u
s
u
a
ll
y
m
ad
e
ar
o
u
n
d
5
%
to
1
0
%
to
th
en
b
e
b
u
r
n
ed
in
th
e
co
m
b
u
s
t
io
n
c
h
a
m
b
er
o
r
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
ch
a
m
b
er
.
W
h
ile
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
is
th
e
m
ai
n
p
r
o
d
u
ct
as
elec
tr
ici
t
y
g
en
er
atio
n
.
T
h
is
elec
tr
ical
p
r
o
d
u
ct
is
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
d
ir
ec
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
p
o
w
er
w
it
h
a
r
ea
ctio
n
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
ar
o
u
n
d
1
v
o
lt
i
n
o
p
en
cir
cu
i
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
elec
tr
o
ch
e
m
ical
r
ea
ct
io
n
s
in
th
e
f
u
el
ce
ll
ar
ea
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
th
is
SOF
C
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
et
is
th
e
ef
f
e
cti
v
e
ce
ll
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
SO
FC
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Mo
d
elin
g
f
lo
w
s
h
ee
t
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
d
esi
g
n
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t SOF
C
1
0
0
k
W
e
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
te
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
SOFC
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
at
a
ce
ll
o
p
er
atin
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
tel
y
7
0
0
°C
[
1
9
]
.
Ke
y
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
in
cl
u
d
e
th
e
ce
ll
in
p
u
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
n
b
o
th
an
o
d
e
an
d
c
ath
o
d
e
s
id
es,
s
et
at
7
0
0
°C
.
Fo
r
elec
tr
o
ly
tes
u
s
in
g
y
ttri
u
m
-
s
tab
ilized
zir
co
n
ia
(
YS
Z
)
,
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
7
0
0
–
7
5
0
°C
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
an
o
v
er
all
ce
ll
r
esis
t
an
ce
o
f
ab
o
u
t
4
×1
0
⁻⁵
to
7
×1
0
⁻⁵
Ω
·
m
²
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
el,
th
e
r
esi
s
tan
ce
w
as
s
et
at
5
.
9
×1
0
⁻⁵
Ω
·
m
².
T
h
e
co
m
b
u
s
to
r
,
f
u
n
ct
io
n
i
n
g
as
a
n
a
f
ter
b
u
r
n
er
,
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
an
o
u
tle
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
9
5
0
°C
.
P
r
ess
u
r
e
d
r
o
p
s
ac
r
o
s
s
h
ea
t
ex
c
h
an
g
e
r
s
(
HE
)
w
er
e
m
i
n
i
m
ized
(
2
0
–
5
0
m
b
ar
)
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
ce
ll
o
p
er
ated
at
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
p
r
ess
u
r
e
(
1
b
ar
)
.
Stea
m
r
ef
o
r
m
i
n
g
w
a
s
ap
p
lied
w
i
th
b
o
th
s
tea
m
an
d
n
at
u
r
a
l
g
a
s
in
p
u
t
p
r
ess
u
r
es
s
et
at
3
b
ar
.
I
n
p
u
t
air
w
as
s
u
p
p
lied
f
r
o
m
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
u
s
i
n
g
an
au
x
iliar
y
f
an
/b
lo
w
er
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
r
ec
u
p
er
ato
r
.
A
ll
a
u
x
iliar
y
p
o
w
er
w
a
s
d
r
a
w
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t,
w
h
ic
h
h
as
a
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
0
.
9
2
.
Hea
t
lo
s
s
es
in
ea
ch
HE
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
w
er
e
r
elati
v
el
y
s
m
all,
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
b
elo
w
2
k
W
,
w
h
ile
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
atio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l c
o
n
s
u
m
ed
a
f
i
x
ed
6
.
5
k
W
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
1
41
9
-
1
42
6
1422
Fo
r
th
e
B
o
P
s
y
s
te
m
d
esig
n
,
th
e
f
lu
e
g
a
s
u
tili
za
t
io
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
af
ter
b
u
r
n
er
is
f
ir
s
t
u
s
ed
to
h
ea
t
th
e
r
e
f
o
r
m
er
.
T
h
e
n
,
a
HE
i
s
i
n
s
talled
to
h
ea
t t
h
e
f
u
el
th
at
g
o
es to
th
e
r
ef
o
r
m
er
.
T
h
en
,
in
th
e
m
id
d
le,
th
er
e
is
a
n
air
h
ea
ter
(
r
ec
u
p
er
ato
r
)
.
T
h
is
air
is
th
e
m
ai
n
r
ea
cti
v
e
m
ater
i
al,
w
h
ich
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
a
lar
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
h
ea
t
p
er
u
n
it
ti
m
e.
T
h
is
air
is
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
as
a
r
ea
g
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
elec
tr
o
ch
e
m
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
e
SO
FC
b
u
t
also
d
eter
m
in
e
s
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
h
ea
t
o
f
th
e
SO
FC
ce
ll
’
s
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
ar
ea
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
h
ea
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
l
u
e
g
as
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
h
ea
t
th
is
air
s
h
o
u
ld
h
a
v
e
a
r
elativ
el
y
h
i
g
h
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
Fi
n
all
y
,
th
er
e
is
a
HE
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
t
o
g
e
n
er
at
e
d
r
y
s
tea
m
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
e
l
r
ef
o
r
m
er
.
Fl
u
e
g
as
i
s
also
u
s
ed
to
g
e
n
er
ate
s
tea
m
(
b
o
ile
r
)
an
d
p
r
eh
ea
t
th
e
b
o
iler
f
ee
d
w
ater
.
I
n
th
e
b
o
iler
an
d
p
r
eh
ea
ter
,
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
f
lu
e
g
a
s
ex
it
in
g
th
e
r
ec
u
p
er
ato
r
is
s
lig
h
tl
y
ab
o
v
e
th
e
v
ap
o
r
izatio
n
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
w
ater
at
r
elati
v
el
y
lo
w
p
r
ess
u
r
e.
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
is
B
o
P
co
n
ce
p
t,
it
is
e
x
p
ec
te
d
th
at
t
h
e
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
w
a
s
te
h
ea
t
r
elea
s
ed
i
n
to
t
h
e
f
l
u
e
g
a
s
w
il
l
h
a
v
e
a
r
elat
iv
el
y
lo
w
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
b
u
t
s
til
l
a
b
o
v
e
th
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
p
er
m
i
tted
b
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
4
.
2
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n
a
nd
re
s
ult
C
y
cle
T
e
m
p
o
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
w
as
u
s
ed
to
s
i
m
u
late
t
h
e
SOF
C
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t
d
esi
g
n
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
w
it
h
th
e
o
u
t
let
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
v
a
r
y
in
g
b
et
w
ee
n
7
5
0
–
8
7
5
°C
in
2
5
°C
in
cr
e
m
en
t
s
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
is
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
ch
an
g
e
o
n
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
w
as
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
w
it
h
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
s
u
m
m
ar
i
ze
d
in
T
ab
le
1
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
s
s
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
r
em
ai
n
ed
s
tab
le
at
ar
o
u
n
d
6
1
%,
w
h
ile
th
e
n
et
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
i
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
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Sim
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Fig
u
r
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2
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Si
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in
p
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e
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if
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o
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SO
FC
C
ell
1
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C
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T
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1423
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g
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Fig
u
r
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3
.
E
f
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SOF
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tp
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at
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T
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Fo
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Su
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ai
[
1
4
]
h
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w
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[
1
5
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,
[
1
8
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em
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ized
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[
1
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[
3
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p
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ed
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ith
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ates
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d
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Fro
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g
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e
m
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a
s
th
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m
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n
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n
t
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n
s
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m
er
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ts
co
n
s
u
m
p
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m
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s
t
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m
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n
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m
ized
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n
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l
s
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ateg
ies.
I
n
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y
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s
in
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m
ar
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g
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d
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e
n
er
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et
w
o
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k
s
w
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l
r
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ad
m
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e
m
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n
d
B
o
P
o
p
tim
izatio
n
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Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
t
h
at
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y
s
te
m
s
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en
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f
it
f
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ter
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t
o
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(
I
o
T
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m
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ito
r
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n
g
a
n
d
ad
ap
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n
tr
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l to
b
alan
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th
er
m
al
s
tab
ilit
y
w
it
h
a
u
x
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liar
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n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
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t
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m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
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n
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g
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th
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f
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t
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y
.
T
h
e
r
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ts
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e
d
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f
r
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C
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T
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m
u
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ased
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c
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.
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24
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4
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th
e
sis,
b
io
m
a
ss
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
,
a
n
d
su
sta
i
n
a
b
le
f
u
e
ls.
S
h
e
h
a
s
a
c
ti
v
e
ly
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
in
i
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
ls
s
u
c
h
a
s A
S
E
A
N
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ch
e
m
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
He
li
y
o
n
,
M
o
lec
u
l
e
s,
a
n
d
IOP
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
S
e
rie
s:
M
a
teria
ls
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
w
it
h
re
se
a
rc
h
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
s
o
n
n
a
n
o
c
e
ll
u
lo
se
p
r
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
f
ro
m
p
a
l
m
o
il
e
m
p
t
y
f
ru
it
b
u
n
c
h
e
s,
c
a
taly
ti
c
p
y
ro
l
y
s
is
f
o
r
b
io
‑g
a
so
li
n
e
a
n
d
su
sta
in
a
b
le
d
ies
e
l,
a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
bi
o
m
a
ss
v
a
lo
riza
ti
o
n
f
o
r
re
n
e
wa
b
le
f
u
e
ls.
S
h
e
a
lso
h
a
s
e
x
p
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rien
c
e
in
f
o
o
d
e
n
g
in
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ri
n
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
i
n
c
lu
d
in
g
e
d
i
b
le
c
o
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ti
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g
s
a
n
d
c
o
c
o
n
u
t
m
il
k
p
o
w
d
e
r
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
CO₂
a
d
so
rp
ti
o
n
st
u
d
ies
.
He
r
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
b
a
c
k
g
ro
u
n
d
in
c
l
u
d
e
s
a
Ba
c
h
e
l
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r’s
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n
d
M
a
ste
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
Ch
e
m
ic
a
l
En
g
in
e
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rin
g
f
ro
m
In
stit
u
t
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
(IT
B).
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
li
d
y
a
.
e
li
z
a
b
e
th
@p
o
lb
a
n
.
a
c
.
id
.
D
h
y
n
a
An
a
l
y
e
s
T
r
ir
a
h
a
y
u
i
s
a
l
e
c
t
u
re
r
a
t
t
h
e
D
e
p
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r
tme
n
t
o
f
C
h
e
m
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c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
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n
g
,
P
o
l
i
t
e
k
n
i
k
Ne
g
e
r
i
B
a
n
d
u
n
g
(
P
O
L
BA
N)
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
,
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
D
4
C
l
e
a
n
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
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o
n
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h
e
m
i
c
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l
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n
g
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n
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p
r
o
g
r
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m
.
S
h
e
i
s
c
u
r
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t
ly
p
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r
s
u
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n
g
h
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r
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h
.
D
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i
n
S
a
f
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ty
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n
d
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r
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ty
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c
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n
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t
De
lf
t
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n
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v
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s
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c
h
n
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g
y
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lf
t
)
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t
h
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o
l
l
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n
d
,
t
h
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t
h
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l
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n
d
s
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e
r
a
c
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d
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m
ic
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d
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l
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k
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B
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d
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I
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)
.
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re
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rc
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t
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ts
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p
p
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f
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k
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h
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s
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c
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d
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x
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d
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n
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N
T
A
,
G
o
o
g
l
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c
h
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l
a
r
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a
n
d
R
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s
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a
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h
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a
t
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,
a
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d
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s
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v
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l
v
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d
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c
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d
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m
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c
b
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k
w
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t
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g
,
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n
c
l
u
d
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g
A
z
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s
R
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k
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s
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t
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EL
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s
h
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p
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c
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p
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s
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n
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t
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d
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s
c
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p
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n
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ry
p
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j
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c
t
s
t
h
a
t
i
n
t
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g
ra
t
e
c
h
e
m
ic
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l
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n
g
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w
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t
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n
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rg
y
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
e
d
a
t
e
m
a
i
l
:
d
h
y
n
a
.
t
r
ir
a
h
a
y
u
@
p
o
l
b
a
n
.
a
c
.
i
d
.
Re
tn
o
Dw
ija
y
a
n
ti
is
a
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
le
c
tu
re
r
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Ch
e
m
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
P
o
li
tek
n
ik
Ne
g
e
ri
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
(
P
OL
BAN
),
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
a
n
d
a
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
a
t
th
e
Ce
n
tre
f
o
r
En
e
rg
y
C
e
ll
s
a
n
d
G
r
e
e
n
H
y
d
ro
g
e
n
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
(F
UEL
‑X
).
S
h
e
h
o
ld
s
a
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
(S
.
S
i.
)
a
n
d
a
M
a
ste
r
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
M
.
T
.
)
in
C
h
e
m
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
re
f
le
c
ti
n
g
in
terd
isc
ip
li
n
a
ry
train
in
g
in
b
o
t
h
p
u
re
sc
ien
c
e
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
e
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
He
r
te
a
c
h
in
g
re
sp
o
n
si
b
il
it
ies
in
c
l
u
d
e
c
o
re
c
h
e
m
ic
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
c
o
u
rse
s
a
n
d
lab
o
ra
to
ry
p
ra
c
ti
c
u
m
s,
p
a
rti
c
u
larly
in
b
a
sic
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
c
h
e
m
istr
y
.
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r
re
se
a
r
c
h
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
s,
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
ted
i
n
G
o
o
g
le
S
c
h
o
lar
a
n
d
Re
se
a
rc
h
G
a
t
e
,
sp
a
n
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
c
h
e
m
istr
y
,
f
o
o
d
c
h
e
m
istr
y
,
a
d
so
rp
ti
o
n
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
s,
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
ied
c
h
e
m
ica
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
S
h
e
h
a
s p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
w
o
rk
s o
n
CO₂
a
d
so
rp
ti
o
n
,
f
o
o
d
c
h
e
m
istr
y
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
s
,
a
n
d
s
u
sta
in
a
b
le
c
h
e
m
ic
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
s,
a
n
d
is
a
c
ti
v
e
l
y
e
n
g
a
g
e
d
in
m
e
n
to
rin
g
stu
d
e
n
ts
w
h
il
e
su
p
p
o
rt
in
g
a
p
p
li
e
d
re
se
a
rc
h
p
r
o
jec
ts
th
a
t
in
teg
ra
te
c
h
e
m
ica
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
w
it
h
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
in
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
.
S
h
e
is
li
ste
d
in
th
e
o
f
f
ici
a
l
P
OL
BAN
fa
c
u
lt
y
d
irec
to
r
y
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
re
tn
o
.
d
w
ij
a
y
a
n
ti
@p
o
l
b
a
n
.
a
c
.
id
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.