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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2
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8
8
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I
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t J E
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&
C
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g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Au
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u
s
t
20
26
:
2
0
3
1
-
2
0
41
2032
I
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itiv
e
u
s
er
ev
alu
atio
n
s
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
User
s
m
ay
co
m
p
ly
f
o
r
m
ally
wh
ile
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
d
is
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
m
in
im
al
u
s
e,
o
r
p
ass
iv
e
r
esis
tan
ce
,
wh
ich
u
ltima
t
ely
u
n
d
er
m
i
n
es
th
e
in
ten
d
ed
b
en
e
f
its
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
[
5
]
,
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
ass
ess
in
g
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
r
em
ain
s
a
cr
itical
is
s
u
e
in
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
m
an
d
at
o
r
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
th
e
Dir
ec
to
r
ate
Gen
er
al
o
f
T
ax
es
(
DJP
)
h
as
i
m
p
lem
en
ted
th
e
C
o
r
etax
Ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
Sy
s
tem
,
a
n
atio
n
wid
e
in
te
g
r
at
ed
tax
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
d
esig
n
ed
to
r
ep
lace
m
u
ltip
le
l
eg
ac
y
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
ce
n
tr
alize
all
tax
-
r
elate
d
p
r
o
c
ess
es
u
n
d
er
a
s
in
g
le
d
ig
ital
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
C
o
r
etax
is
m
an
d
ated
f
o
r
u
s
e
b
y
all
DJP
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
an
d
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
y
s
tem
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
,
d
ata
ac
ce
s
s
,
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
an
d
d
ai
ly
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
task
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
en
tire
n
atio
n
al
ta
x
au
t
h
o
r
it
y
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
C
o
r
etax
f
o
r
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
ju
s
tifie
d
o
n
f
o
u
r
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
.
First,
co
n
tex
tu
al
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
:
C
o
r
etax
r
ep
r
esen
ts
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
am
b
itio
u
s
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tial
m
an
d
ato
r
y
I
S
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
ts
in
I
n
d
o
n
esian
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
h
is
t
o
r
y
,
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
tin
g
ten
s
o
f
th
o
u
s
an
d
s
o
f
civ
il
s
er
v
an
ts
an
d
u
n
d
er
p
i
n
n
in
g
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
’
s
n
atio
n
al
r
ev
e
n
u
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
.
Seco
n
d
,
t
h
eo
r
eti
ca
l
s
u
itab
ilit
y
:
as
a
s
y
s
tem
wh
o
s
e
u
s
e
is
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
ally
en
f
o
r
ce
d
r
at
h
er
th
an
in
d
i
v
id
u
ally
ch
o
s
en
,
C
o
r
etax
co
n
s
titu
tes
an
id
ea
l
test
ca
s
e
f
o
r
e
x
am
in
in
g
wh
eth
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
m
o
d
els
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
p
r
im
ar
ily
in
v
o
l
u
n
tar
y
ad
o
p
ti
o
n
co
n
tex
ts
r
em
ain
v
alid
an
d
ad
eq
u
ate
wh
en
tr
an
s
p
o
s
ed
to
co
m
p
u
ls
o
r
y
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
ir
d
,
t
em
p
o
r
al
r
elev
a
n
ce
:
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was c
o
n
d
u
cted
d
u
r
in
g
an
ac
tiv
e
p
h
ase
o
f
C
o
r
etax
’
s
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
o
llo
u
t,
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
u
s
er
ev
alu
atio
n
s
at
a
cr
itical
ju
n
ctu
r
e
wh
e
n
p
o
s
t
-
ad
o
p
tio
n
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
d
ata
ca
n
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
o
r
m
DJP
m
an
ag
em
en
t
’
s
s
y
s
tem
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
Fo
u
r
t
h
,
p
r
ac
tical
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
:
as
c
iv
il
s
er
v
an
ts
with
d
ir
ec
t
s
y
s
te
m
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
,
DJP
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
co
n
s
titu
te
an
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le,
k
n
o
wled
g
ea
b
le,
a
n
d
h
o
m
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
p
o
p
u
la
tio
n
with
s
u
f
f
icien
t
s
y
s
tem
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alid
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
ed
p
o
s
t
-
ad
o
p
tio
n
ev
alu
atio
n
s
.
W
h
ile
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
en
h
an
ce
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
ef
f
ici
en
cy
,
d
ata
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
an
d
f
is
ca
l
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
its
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
h
as
also
r
aised
s
u
b
s
tan
tiv
e
co
n
ce
r
n
s
r
elate
d
to
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
u
s
ab
ilit
y
.
User
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
h
as
lo
n
g
b
ee
n
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
a
ce
n
tr
al
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
in
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
ev
alu
atio
n
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t w
id
ely
ap
p
lied
p
o
s
t
-
ad
o
p
tio
n
m
o
d
els is
th
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
m
o
d
el
(
E
C
M)
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
B
h
attac
h
er
jee
[
8
]
,
wh
ich
p
o
s
its
th
at
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
u
s
er
s
’
co
g
n
itiv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
wh
eth
er
th
eir
in
itial
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
a
r
e
c
o
n
f
ir
m
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
ac
tu
al
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
e,
as
well
as
b
y
th
eir
p
er
c
eiv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
E
C
M
h
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
tr
o
n
g
ex
p
lan
at
o
r
y
p
o
w
er
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
n
tex
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
an
d
d
ig
ital
s
er
v
i
ce
s
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
H
o
wev
er
,
E
C
M
h
as
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
lim
itatio
n
s
wh
en
a
p
p
lied
to
co
m
p
lex
m
an
d
ato
r
y
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
:
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
ex
p
licitly
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
tech
n
ical
s
y
s
tem
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
s
u
ch
as sy
s
tem
q
u
ality
,
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
q
u
ality
,
an
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
m
an
d
ato
r
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
wh
er
e
u
s
er
s
ca
n
n
o
t
o
p
t
o
u
t,
th
ese
tech
n
ical
attr
ib
u
tes
m
ay
b
e
d
ec
is
iv
e
i
n
s
h
ap
in
g
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
,
r
en
d
er
in
g
E
C
M
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t a
s
a
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
e
v
alu
ativ
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
lim
itatio
n
,
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
u
cc
ess
m
o
d
el
(
I
SS
M)
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
b
y
DeL
o
n
e
a
n
d
McLean
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
o
f
f
er
s
a
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
b
y
e
m
p
h
asizin
g
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
,
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
q
u
ality
,
an
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
as
k
ey
an
tece
d
en
ts
o
f
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
I
SS
M
h
as
b
ee
n
wid
ely
v
alid
ate
d
in
e
-
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
an
d
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
I
S
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
its
r
elev
an
ce
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
tech
n
ical
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
Ho
wev
er
,
I
SS
M
in
its
o
r
ig
in
al
f
o
r
m
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
p
o
s
t
-
ad
o
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
at
E
C
M
ca
p
tu
r
es.
E
C
M
ca
p
tu
r
e
s
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
p
o
s
t
-
ad
o
p
tio
n
ev
alu
atio
n
,
s
u
ch
as
h
o
w
u
s
er
s
co
g
n
itiv
ely
ass
ess
wh
eth
er
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
ar
e
m
et,
b
u
t
it
lack
s
ex
p
licit
tech
n
ical
q
u
ality
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
I
SS
M,
co
n
v
er
s
ely
,
a
d
d
r
ess
es
tech
n
ica
l
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
b
u
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
o
d
el
th
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
a
m
an
d
ato
r
y
s
y
s
tem
wh
er
e
u
s
er
s
ca
n
n
o
t
o
p
t
o
u
t,
b
o
th
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
ar
e
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
ac
tiv
e
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tial,
m
ak
in
g
th
eir
in
teg
r
atio
n
th
eo
r
etica
lly
n
ec
ess
ar
y
r
ath
er
th
a
n
m
er
ely
ad
d
itiv
e.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
b
eg
u
n
t
o
in
teg
r
ate
E
C
M
an
d
I
SS
M
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
e
ac
h
m
o
d
el
[
1
9
]
–
[
2
1
]
,
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
th
at
tech
n
ical
q
u
ality
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
ca
n
in
f
lu
en
ce
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
wh
ich
,
in
tu
r
n
,
d
r
iv
e
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Nev
er
t
h
eless
,
th
is
in
teg
r
atio
n
r
em
ain
s
lar
g
ely
lim
ited
to
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
co
n
te
x
ts
:
ex
is
tin
g
E
C
M
–
I
SS
M
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
e
-
lear
n
in
g
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
[
2
3
]
–
[
2
5
]
,
an
d
c
o
m
m
er
cial
p
latf
o
r
m
s
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
,
leav
in
g
m
an
d
ato
r
y
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
an
d
u
n
d
er
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
g
ap
.
Oth
er
s
tu
d
ies
s
u
g
g
est
th
a
t
in
teg
r
atin
g
E
C
M
an
d
I
SS
M
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
h
o
lis
tic
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
b
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
t
h
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
p
o
s
t
-
ad
o
p
t
io
n
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
with
tech
n
ical
s
y
s
tem
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
[
1
9
]
–
[
2
1
]
.
E
m
p
ir
ical
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
q
u
ality
,
an
d
s
er
v
ic
e
q
u
ality
m
ay
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
an
d
p
e
r
ce
iv
e
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
wh
ich
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
s
h
ap
e
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
em
p
ir
ical
r
esear
ch
in
teg
r
atin
g
E
C
M
an
d
I
SS
M
r
em
ain
s
lim
ited
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
th
e
m
an
d
ato
r
y
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
co
n
tex
t.
Mo
s
t
ex
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
s
y
s
tem
s
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
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&
C
o
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p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
B
ey
o
n
d
a
d
o
p
tio
n
:
mea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f m
a
n
d
a
to
r
y
in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
s
ystems
… (
Mu
h
a
mma
d
R
o
s
yid
R
id
lo
)
2033
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
[
2
3
]
–
[
2
5
]
,
o
r
co
m
m
er
cial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
,
leav
in
g
a
g
a
p
in
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
h
o
w
in
teg
r
ated
m
o
d
els p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
wh
e
r
e
s
y
s
tem
u
s
e
is
co
m
p
u
ls
o
r
y
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
r
esu
lts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
q
u
ality
,
a
n
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
o
n
c
o
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
l
n
ess
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
ese
in
co
n
s
is
ten
cies
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
E
C
M
an
d
I
SS
M
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
m
ay
b
e
h
ig
h
ly
co
n
tex
t
-
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t.
Pu
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
esp
ec
ially
th
o
s
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
at
a
n
at
io
n
al
s
ca
le,
o
p
er
ate
with
in
r
ig
id
b
u
r
ea
u
cr
atic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
an
d
d
iv
er
s
e
u
s
er
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
cs
[
3
0
]
–
[
3
2
]
.
Su
c
h
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
war
r
an
t f
u
r
th
er
em
p
ir
ical
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
in
teg
r
ate
d
m
o
d
el
in
th
is
s
ettin
g
.
E
m
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
ies
in
teg
r
atin
g
E
C
M
an
d
I
SS
M
in
t
h
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
tax
a
d
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies,
r
em
ain
s
ca
r
ce
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
f
ew
ex
ce
p
tio
n
s
,
Vee
r
a
m
o
o
to
o
et
a
l
.
[
3
3
]
ex
am
in
ed
e
-
f
ilin
g
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
Ma
u
r
itiu
s
u
s
in
g
a
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
th
eo
r
etica
l
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
t
h
o
u
g
h
th
eir
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
ta
x
p
ay
e
r
s
as
ex
ter
n
al
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
a
d
d
r
ess
es
th
is
g
ap
b
y
s
h
if
tin
g
t
h
e
u
n
it
o
f
an
aly
s
is
to
tax
au
th
o
r
ity
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
f
o
r
wh
o
m
s
y
s
tem
u
s
e
is
in
s
titu
ti
o
n
ally
m
an
d
ated
r
at
h
er
th
an
i
n
d
iv
id
u
ally
ch
o
s
en
,
th
er
eb
y
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
d
is
tin
ct
an
d
u
n
d
er
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
em
p
ir
ical
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
g
ap
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
ev
alu
ate
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
C
o
r
etax
Ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
Sy
s
tem
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
e
E
C
M
an
d
th
e
I
SS
M
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
a
d
d
r
ess
es
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
:
to
w
h
at
ex
te
n
t
d
o
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
q
u
ality
,
an
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
in
f
lu
en
ce
u
s
er
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
an
d
h
o
w
d
o
th
ese
co
n
s
tr
u
cts jo
in
tly
d
eter
m
i
n
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
C
o
r
etax
Ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
Sy
s
tem
?
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
liter
atu
r
e
in
t
h
r
ee
p
r
in
cip
al
way
s
.
First,
it
ex
ten
d
s
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
E
C
M
–
I
SS
M
in
teg
r
atio
n
to
a
m
an
d
ato
r
y
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Mo
s
t
p
r
io
r
E
C
M
–
I
SS
M
in
teg
r
atio
n
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
s
y
s
tem
s
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
o
r
co
m
m
e
r
cial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
6
]
,
leav
in
g
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
g
ap
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
h
o
w
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
p
r
o
c
ess
es
in
ter
ac
t
with
tech
n
ical
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
wh
en
s
y
s
tem
u
s
e
is
c
o
m
p
elled
r
ath
er
t
h
an
ch
o
s
en
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
em
p
ir
ical
ev
id
e
n
ce
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
o
f
So
u
th
ea
s
t
Asi
a
’
s
lar
g
est
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
I
S
d
e
p
lo
y
m
en
ts
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
th
eo
r
etica
lly
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
an
d
p
r
ac
tically
r
elev
an
t
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
I
S
ev
alu
atio
n
with
in
a
h
ig
h
ly
r
eg
u
lated
,
b
u
r
ea
u
c
r
atic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
i
r
d
,
b
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
is
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
d
r
iv
er
o
f
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
m
an
d
ato
r
y
s
ettin
g
s
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
ch
allen
g
e
an
d
r
ef
i
n
e
p
r
ev
ailin
g
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
in
th
e
E
C
M
an
d
I
SS
M
liter
atu
r
e,
wh
ich
wer
e
lar
g
ely
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
ese
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
co
llectiv
ely
ad
v
an
ce
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
I
S
s
u
cc
ess
in
th
e
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
an
d
o
f
f
e
r
ac
tio
n
ab
le
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
an
d
s
y
s
tem
ar
ch
itects
en
g
ag
ed
in
n
a
tio
n
al
-
s
ca
le
d
ig
ital
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
itiativ
es.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
also
lies
in
ex
ten
d
i
n
g
th
e
E
C
M
–
I
SS
M
in
teg
r
atio
n
f
r
o
m
p
r
ed
o
m
i
n
an
tly
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
,
co
n
s
u
m
er
-
o
r
ien
te
d
s
ettin
g
s
to
a
m
an
d
ato
r
y
,
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
p
u
b
lic
-
s
ec
to
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
if
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
E
C
M
–
I
SS
M
r
esear
ch
in
ter
m
s
o
f
co
n
tex
t,
u
s
er
au
to
n
o
m
y
,
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
le,
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
.
W
h
ile
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
g
en
er
ally
ex
am
in
e
u
s
er
s
wh
o
c
an
d
ec
id
e
wh
et
h
er
to
co
n
tin
u
e
u
s
in
g
a
s
y
s
tem
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
esti
g
ates
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
wh
o
m
u
s
t
u
s
e
C
o
r
etax
as
p
ar
t
o
f
th
eir
o
f
f
icial
d
u
ties
.
T
h
is
d
is
tin
ctio
n
i
s
th
eo
r
etica
lly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
ec
au
s
e,
in
m
an
d
ato
r
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
atis
f
ac
ti
o
n
is
les
s
lik
ely
t
o
b
e
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
alo
n
e
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
t
o
d
ep
e
n
d
o
n
w
h
eth
er
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ly
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
task
co
m
p
letio
n
.
T
h
e
r
e
m
ain
d
er
o
f
th
is
a
r
ticle
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws.
Sectio
n
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
m
o
d
el,
in
te
g
r
atin
g
E
C
M
an
d
I
SS
M,
an
d
f
o
r
m
ally
s
tates
th
e
n
in
e
h
y
p
o
th
eses
ex
a
m
in
ed
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Sectio
n
3
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
th
e
r
ese
ar
ch
d
esig
n
,
s
am
p
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
,
an
d
d
ata
an
al
y
s
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Sectio
n
4
r
ep
o
r
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
el
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
el
an
aly
s
es,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
th
at
s
itu
ates
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
with
in
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e,
ex
p
lain
s
d
iv
er
g
en
ce
s
f
r
o
m
p
r
io
r
r
e
s
u
lts
,
an
d
d
r
aws
o
u
t
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
licatio
n
s
.
Sectio
n
5
c
o
n
c
lu
d
es
th
e
ar
ticle
b
y
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
th
e
k
e
y
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
,
ar
tic
u
latin
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
th
eo
r
etica
l c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
.
2.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
O
D
E
L
Dr
awin
g
o
n
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
E
C
M
an
d
I
SS
M,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
s
et
o
f
h
y
p
o
th
eses
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
o
f
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
a
m
a
n
d
ato
r
y
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tex
t.
C
o
n
s
is
ten
t
wi
th
p
r
io
r
r
esear
c
h
,
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
q
u
ality
,
an
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
in
f
lu
en
ce
u
s
er
s
’
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
o
f
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
an
d
p
e
r
c
eiv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
wh
ich
in
tu
r
n
s
h
ap
e
o
v
er
all
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
h
y
p
o
th
eses
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
(
s
ee
also
Fig
u
r
e
1
)
:
H1
: Sy
s
tem
q
u
ality
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
o
f
u
s
er
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
H2
: Sy
s
tem
q
u
ality
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
.
H3
: I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
q
u
ality
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
c
o
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
o
f
u
s
er
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
H4
: I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
q
u
ality
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
.
H5
: Ser
v
ice
q
u
ality
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
o
f
u
s
er
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
H6
: Ser
v
ice
q
u
ality
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
0
3
1
-
2
0
41
2034
H7
: Co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
.
H8
: Co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
H9
: Per
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
m
o
d
el
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
d
esig
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
q
u
an
t
itativ
e,
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
s
u
r
v
ey
d
esig
n
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
o
f
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
a
m
a
n
d
ato
r
y
p
u
b
lic
-
s
ec
to
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
A
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
s
elec
ted
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
test
a
th
eo
r
etica
lly
d
er
iv
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
el
with
h
y
p
o
t
h
esized
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
laten
t
co
n
s
tr
u
cts,
wh
ich
r
e
q
u
i
r
es
th
e
s
tatis
tical
e
s
tim
atio
n
o
f
p
ath
co
e
f
f
icien
ts
an
d
m
o
d
el
f
it
in
d
icato
r
s
[
3
4
]
.
C
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
d
ata
co
llectio
n
was d
ee
m
ed
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
g
iv
en
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
a
s
n
ap
s
h
o
t o
f
u
s
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
a
n
ac
tiv
e
p
h
ase
o
f
C
o
r
etax
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
estab
lis
h
ed
p
r
ac
tices
in
p
o
s
t
-
ad
o
p
tio
n
I
S r
esear
ch
[
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
3
.
2
.
Resea
rc
h
s
et
t
ing
a
nd
pa
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cted
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
th
e
C
o
r
etax
Ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
Sy
s
tem
,
a
n
atio
n
wid
e
in
teg
r
ated
tax
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
b
y
th
e
Dir
ec
to
r
ate
Gen
er
al
o
f
T
a
x
e
s
(
DJP
)
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
C
o
r
etax
r
ep
lace
d
m
u
ltip
le
le
g
ac
y
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
all
DJP
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
m
ak
in
g
it
an
ex
e
m
p
lar
y
ca
s
e
o
f
a
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
m
an
d
ato
r
y
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
I
S.
T
h
e
tar
g
et
p
o
p
u
latio
n
co
m
p
r
is
ed
DJP
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
wh
o
ac
tiv
ely
u
s
e
C
o
r
etax
in
th
eir
d
aily
wo
r
k
.
A
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
was
em
p
l
o
y
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
all
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
ad
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
s
y
s
tem
ex
p
er
ien
ce
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
p
o
s
t
-
ad
o
p
tio
n
ev
alu
ati
o
n
s
[
3
5
]
,
[
3
6
]
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
r
eq
u
ir
ed
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
:
i
)
c
u
r
r
en
tly
h
o
ld
an
ac
tiv
e
p
o
s
itio
n
at
DJP
,
an
d
ii
)
u
s
e
th
e
C
o
r
et
ax
s
y
s
tem
r
eg
u
lar
l
y
as
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
eir
o
f
f
icial
d
u
ties
.
T
h
is
elig
ib
ilit
y
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
t
i
s
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
r
a
ctice
in
m
an
d
ato
r
y
I
S
r
esear
ch
,
wh
e
r
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tiv
e
s
y
s
t
em
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
v
alid
ly
ass
ess
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
s
u
ch
as
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
[
5
]
,
[
8
]
.
Data
wer
e
co
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
o
n
lin
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
v
ia
o
f
f
icial
DJP
in
ter
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
a
n
n
els
f
r
o
m
1
6
Octo
b
e
r
to
2
0
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
5
.
A
to
tal
o
f
3
0
5
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
;
h
o
wev
er
,
5
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
d
ec
lin
ed
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
an
d
8
h
a
d
n
ev
er
u
s
ed
C
o
r
etax
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
th
eir
ex
clu
s
io
n
.
Af
ter
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
cr
ee
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
in
co
m
p
lete
r
esp
o
n
s
es
an
d
f
ailed
atten
tio
n
-
ch
ec
k
item
s
,
2
9
2
v
alid
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
r
etain
ed
f
o
r
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
is
s
a
m
p
le
s
ize
ex
ce
e
d
s
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
m
in
im
u
m
f
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
u
s
in
g
p
a
r
tial
least
s
q
u
ar
es
(
PLS
-
SEM
)
,
wh
ich
em
p
h
asi
ze
s
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
m
o
d
el
esti
m
atio
n
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
r
ath
er
th
a
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
al
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
[
3
4
]
,
[
3
7
]
.
3
.
3
.
M
ea
s
urem
ent
ins
t
rum
ent
s
All
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
wer
e
o
p
er
ati
o
n
alize
d
u
s
in
g
m
u
lti
-
item
r
ef
lectiv
e
in
d
icato
r
s
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
p
r
io
r
v
alid
ated
s
tu
d
ies
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
an
d
t
h
eo
r
et
ical
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
q
u
ality
,
an
d
s
er
v
i
ce
q
u
ality
item
s
wer
e
ad
ap
te
d
f
r
o
m
DeL
o
n
e
an
d
Mc
L
ea
n
[
1
6
]
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
I
SS
M
v
alid
atio
n
s
tu
d
ies
[
3
8
]
,
[
3
9
]
;
c
o
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
item
s
wer
e
ad
ap
te
d
f
r
o
m
B
h
attac
h
er
jee
’
s
[
8
]
o
r
ig
i
n
al
E
C
M
s
ca
le,
as
v
alid
ated
in
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
co
n
tin
u
an
ce
in
ten
tio
n
r
esear
ch
[
4
0
]
,
[
4
1
]
;
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
item
s
wer
e
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
estab
lis
h
ed
I
S
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
s
ca
les
[
4
2
]
.
Min
o
r
w
o
r
d
in
g
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
B
ey
o
n
d
a
d
o
p
tio
n
:
mea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f m
a
n
d
a
to
r
y
in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
s
ystems
… (
Mu
h
a
mma
d
R
o
s
yid
R
id
lo
)
2035
wer
e
m
ad
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
all
item
s
ar
e
an
ch
o
r
ed
to
th
e
C
o
r
e
tax
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tex
t,
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
ca
le
-
ad
ap
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
Pil
let
et
a
l
.
[
4
3
]
.
Sy
s
tem
q
u
ality
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
q
u
ality
,
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
,
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
a
f
iv
e
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
(
1
=
“
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
”
to
5
=
“
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
”
)
.
C
o
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
an
d
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
a
s
ev
en
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
(
1
=
“
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
”
to
7
=
“
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
”
)
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
E
C
M
s
ca
lin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
8
]
,
wh
ich
em
p
l
o
y
s
a
f
in
er
-
g
r
ain
e
d
s
ca
le
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
co
g
n
itiv
e
n
u
an
ce
s
o
f
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
co
n
f
i
r
m
atio
n
.
3
.
4
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
pro
ce
du
r
e
Data
wer
e
an
al
y
ze
d
u
s
in
g
P
L
S
-
SEM
.
PLS
-
SEM
was
s
elec
ted
d
u
e
to
its
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
r
esear
ch
,
its
ab
ilit
y
to
h
an
d
le
co
m
p
lex
m
o
d
els
with
m
u
ltip
l
e
laten
t
v
ar
iab
les,
an
d
its
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
to
v
io
latio
n
s
o
f
n
o
r
m
ality
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
[
4
3
]
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
f
o
llo
wed
a
two
-
s
tag
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e:
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
el,
in
ac
c
o
r
d
an
ce
with
estab
lis
h
ed
g
u
id
e
lin
es
f
o
r
PLS
-
SEM
an
aly
s
is
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
was
ev
alu
ated
b
y
ex
am
in
in
g
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
,
a
n
d
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
el
was
ass
e
s
s
ed
b
y
ex
am
in
in
g
p
ath
co
ef
f
icien
ts
,
p
-
v
alu
es,
an
d
co
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
(
R
²)
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
ex
p
lan
ato
r
y
p
o
wer
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
M
ea
s
urem
ent
mo
del a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
(
o
u
te
r
m
o
d
el)
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cted
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
elia
b
ilit
y
an
d
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
.
T
h
is
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
v
o
lv
ed
ex
a
m
in
in
g
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
t
v
a
lid
ity
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
te
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
an
d
Av
er
a
g
e
Var
ia
n
ce
E
x
tr
ac
ted
(
AVE
)
,
as
well
as
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
r
eliab
ilit
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
C
o
m
p
o
s
ite
R
eliab
ilit
y
(
C
R
)
an
d
C
r
o
n
b
a
ch
’
s
Alp
h
a
[
3
4
]
.
As
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
T
ab
le
1
,
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
o
f
all
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
was
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
all
o
u
ter
lo
ad
in
g
s
ex
ce
ed
t
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
.
7
0
7
,
with
v
alu
es
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
.
8
5
1
(
SYS3
)
to
.
9
7
0
(
PEU
2
)
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
v
ar
ian
ce
ex
tr
ac
ted
(
AVE
)
f
o
r
ea
c
h
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
is
well
ab
o
v
e
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
.
5
0
[
4
4
]
.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
wer
e
ass
es
s
ed
u
s
in
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
Alp
h
a
an
d
co
m
p
o
s
ite
r
eliab
ilit
y
(
C
R
)
.
Al
l
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
y
ield
ed
C
R
v
alu
es
b
etwe
en
.
9
3
3
a
n
d
.
9
7
5
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
ex
ce
ed
in
g
th
e
.
7
0
b
e
n
ch
m
ar
k
,
in
d
icatin
g
h
ig
h
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
ts
f
o
r
all
v
ar
iab
les
r
an
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
.
9
0
3
to
.
9
6
6
,
f
u
r
t
h
er
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
’
s
r
e
liab
ilit
y
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
a
n
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
r
eliab
ilit
y
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
O
u
t
e
r
Lo
a
d
i
n
g
AVE
C
o
m
p
o
si
t
e
R
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s Al
p
h
a
S
a
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
(
S
A
T)
S
A
T1
.
9
0
8
.
8
5
9
.
9
6
8
.
9
5
9
S
A
T2
.
9
2
1
S
A
T3
.
9
3
0
S
A
T4
.
9
3
8
S
A
T5
.
9
3
8
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
(
I
N
F
)
I
N
F
1
.
8
6
4
.
7
7
0
.
9
4
4
.
9
2
6
I
N
F
2
.
8
5
6
I
N
F
3
.
8
8
7
I
N
F
4
.
8
7
4
I
N
F
5
.
9
0
7
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
(
S
ER
)
S
ER
1
.
9
4
4
.
8
6
7
.
9
6
3
.
9
4
9
S
ER
2
.
9
3
6
S
ER
3
.
9
3
0
S
ER
4
.
9
1
5
C
o
n
f
i
r
ma
t
i
o
n
(
C
O
N
)
C
O
N
1
.
9
5
8
.
9
0
9
.
9
7
5
.
9
6
6
C
O
N
2
.
9
6
2
C
O
N
3
.
9
2
3
C
O
N
4
.
9
6
9
S
y
st
e
m Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
(
S
Y
S
)
S
Y
S
1
.
9
2
0
.
7
7
6
.
9
3
3
.
9
0
3
S
Y
S
2
.
8
9
5
S
Y
S
3
.
8
5
1
S
Y
S
4
.
8
5
6
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
U
s
e
f
u
l
n
e
ss (P
EU
)
P
EU
1
.
9
5
9
.
8
9
9
.
9
7
3
.
9
6
2
P
EU
2
.
9
7
0
P
EU
3
.
9
6
5
P
EU
4
.
8
9
7
Dis
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
was
ev
alu
ated
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
ea
ch
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
is
em
p
ir
ically
d
is
tin
c
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
th
er
s
in
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
el
.
T
h
is
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
th
r
ee
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
cr
it
er
ia:
cr
o
s
s
-
lo
ad
in
g
s
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
0
3
1
-
2
0
41
2036
th
e
Fo
r
n
ell
-
L
ar
ck
er
c
r
iter
io
n
,
an
d
th
e
h
eter
o
tr
ait
-
m
o
n
o
tr
ait
(
HT
MT
)
r
atio
o
f
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
[
4
5
]
.
T
h
e
in
itial
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
a
lid
ity
in
v
o
l
v
ed
e
x
am
in
in
g
cr
o
s
s
-
lo
ad
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
ic
ate
th
at
th
e
lo
ad
in
g
o
f
ea
ch
in
d
icato
r
o
n
its
ass
ig
n
ed
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
is
h
ig
h
er
t
h
an
it
s
lo
ad
in
g
s
o
n
a
n
y
o
th
er
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
Fo
r
n
ell
-
L
ar
ck
er
c
r
iter
io
n
was
ap
p
lied
b
y
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
th
e
s
q
u
ar
e
r
o
o
t
o
f
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
v
ar
ian
ce
ex
tr
ac
ted
(
AVE
)
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
wit
h
its
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
with
o
th
er
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts.
T
h
e
s
q
u
ar
e
r
o
o
t
o
f
th
e
AVE
f
o
r
ev
er
y
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
ex
ce
ed
s
its
h
ig
h
est
co
r
r
elatio
n
with
an
y
o
th
er
laten
t
v
ar
iab
le.
Fin
ally
,
all
HT
MT
v
alu
es
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
r
em
ain
b
elo
w
th
e
co
n
s
er
v
ativ
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
.
9
0
.
All
th
e
an
aly
s
is
d
ata
ar
e
attac
h
ed
in
th
e
s
u
p
p
lem
en
tar
y
m
ater
ial.
4
.
2
.
Str
uct
ura
l
m
o
del a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
el
was a
s
s
e
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
PLS
-
SEM
,
wh
ich
ev
alu
ates p
r
ed
ictiv
e
r
elativ
e
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
laten
t
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
ath
c
o
ef
f
icien
ts
an
d
c
o
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
(
R
²)
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
s
tr
o
n
g
e
x
p
lan
ato
r
y
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
co
e
f
f
icie
n
t
o
f
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
(
R
²)
s
h
o
ws
th
at
u
s
er
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
ac
co
u
n
ts
f
o
r
7
6
.
4
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
Me
a
n
wh
ile,
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
ac
h
iev
e
d
an
R
²
o
f
.
7
6
7
,
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
at
io
n
r
ea
ch
e
d
.
6
5
4
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
m
o
d
er
ate
t
o
s
tr
o
n
g
ex
p
lan
at
o
r
y
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
th
e
i
n
teg
r
ated
E
C
M
-
I
SS
M
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
a
m
an
d
at
o
r
y
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
is
ad
e
q
u
ate
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o
r
an
aly
zin
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
co
n
s
tr
u
cts.
Prio
r
to
h
y
p
o
th
esis
test
in
g
,
co
llin
ea
r
ity
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
wer
e
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
.
All
v
ar
ian
ce
in
f
lati
o
n
f
ac
to
r
(
VI
F)
v
alu
es
r
an
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
1
.
7
9
4
to
3
.
1
6
8
,
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
r
em
a
in
in
g
b
elo
w
th
e
cr
itical
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
5
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
m
u
lti
co
llin
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ity
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s
u
es
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d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
esti
m
ates
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
-
v
alu
es
in
d
icate
d
t
h
at
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
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n
s
h
ip
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wer
e
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tatis
t
ically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
(
p
<
.
0
0
1
)
,
ex
ce
p
t
f
o
r
H3
an
d
H6
,
wh
ich
we
r
e
r
ejec
ted
.
Ov
er
all,
th
ese
r
esu
lts
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n
f
ir
m
th
at
s
atis
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ac
tio
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with
in
a
m
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d
ato
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y
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tem
en
v
ir
o
n
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t
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h
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y
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co
m
b
in
atio
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f
tech
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ical
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y
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tem
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ib
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tes
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d
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s
er
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’
p
o
s
t
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ad
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itiv
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alu
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r
th
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r
e,
all
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ig
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t
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ath
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wer
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p
o
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itiv
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g
g
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n
g
th
at
th
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ex
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o
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s
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ar
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o
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itiv
ely
in
f
lu
e
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ce
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r
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ec
tiv
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en
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o
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s
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u
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ter
p
ar
t
s
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Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
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tr
u
c
tu
r
al
m
o
d
el
an
d
its
ass
o
ciate
d
an
aly
tical
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esu
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u
r
e
2
.
Stru
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
el
an
a
ly
s
is
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
alo
n
g
th
e
lin
es in
d
icate
t
h
e
β co
ef
f
icien
t
;
t
h
e
d
o
tted
lin
es in
d
icate
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
s
.
*
p
<
.
0
5
,
*
*
p
<
.
0
1
,
*
*
*
p
<
.
0
0
1
.
4
.
3
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
is
th
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
d
eter
m
in
an
t
in
s
h
a
p
in
g
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
an
d
u
ltima
tely
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
C
o
r
etax
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
em
p
h
asize
th
at
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
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d
r
eliab
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ity
p
lay
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ce
n
tr
al
r
o
le
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s
h
a
p
in
g
u
s
er
ev
alu
atio
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s
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
9
]
,
[
4
6
]
.
I
n
m
an
d
ato
r
y
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
u
s
er
s
r
ely
h
ea
v
ily
o
n
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
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d
tech
n
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
to
co
m
p
lete
th
eir
d
aily
task
s
.
W
h
en
s
y
s
tem
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
alig
n
s
with
u
s
e
r
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
is
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
ed
,
th
er
eb
y
e
n
h
an
cin
g
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tr
o
n
g
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
(
R
²
=
.
7
6
4
)
f
u
r
th
er
in
d
icate
s
th
at
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
m
an
d
at
o
r
y
s
ettin
g
s
is
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
th
e
in
ter
ac
t
io
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b
etwe
en
tech
n
ical
s
y
s
tem
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
ev
alu
atio
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p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
r
ath
er
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b
y
v
o
lu
n
t
ar
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ac
ce
p
tan
ce
alo
n
e.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
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ex
ten
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s
p
r
io
r
E
C
M
-
I
SS
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in
teg
r
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s
tu
d
ie
s
co
n
d
u
cted
in
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
c
o
n
t
ex
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
e
-
lear
n
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
2
]
a
n
d
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
,
b
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
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ly
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wh
e
n
tr
an
s
p
o
s
ed
to
a
co
m
p
u
ls
o
r
y
o
r
g
an
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n
al
en
v
ir
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n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
o
f
b
o
th
E
C
M
an
d
I
SS
M
ar
e
b
r
o
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p
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s
ly
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wh
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to
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ab
s
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
B
ey
o
n
d
a
d
o
p
tio
n
:
mea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f m
a
n
d
a
to
r
y
in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
s
ystems
… (
Mu
h
a
mma
d
R
o
s
yid
R
id
lo
)
2037
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
q
u
ality
d
id
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
co
n
f
i
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
d
if
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
q
u
ality
an
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
c
o
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
i
n
d
i
g
ital
s
er
v
ices
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
1
9
]
,
[
4
7
]
,
[
4
8
]
.
On
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ex
p
lan
atio
n
is
th
at,
in
lar
g
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
a
cc
u
r
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
alo
n
e
m
ay
n
o
t
m
ee
t
u
s
er
s
’
in
itial
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
if
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
ex
p
er
ien
ce
f
alls
s
h
o
r
t
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
C
o
r
etax
,
wh
ic
h
r
ep
lace
d
m
u
ltip
le
leg
ac
y
s
y
s
tem
s
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
,
u
s
er
s
’
in
it
ial
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
wer
e
lik
ely
a
n
ch
o
r
e
d
to
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
r
at
h
er
th
a
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
o
u
t
p
u
ts
,
m
a
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
r
e
f
er
en
ce
p
o
i
n
t
ag
ain
s
t
wh
ich
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
is
ev
alu
ated
.
T
h
is
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
alig
n
s
with
L
i
an
d
W
an
g
’
s
[
4
9
]
ar
g
u
m
en
t
th
at,
in
task
-
o
r
ien
ted
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
p
r
ec
ed
es
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
a
d
eq
u
ac
y
in
s
h
ap
in
g
th
e
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
Similar
ly
,
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
d
id
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
an
ce
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
tech
n
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
au
t
o
m
atica
lly
in
cr
ea
s
e
u
s
er
s
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
s
y
s
tem
b
en
ef
its
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
co
n
tr
asts
with
s
tu
d
ies
in
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
n
tex
ts
wh
er
e
s
er
v
ic
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
en
h
an
ce
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
an
d
s
y
s
tem
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
[
5
0
]
–
[
5
2
]
.
I
n
m
a
n
d
ato
r
y
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
u
s
er
s
m
ay
p
er
ce
iv
e
s
er
v
ice
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
as
a
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
f
ac
to
r
co
m
p
ar
e
d
with
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
c
o
r
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
ality
,
a
p
atter
n
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
n
o
tio
n
th
a
t
wh
en
s
y
s
tem
u
s
e
is
co
m
p
elled
,
u
s
er
s
p
r
io
r
itize
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
f
u
lf
ill
task
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
v
er
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
p
e
r
ip
h
er
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
an
d
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
u
s
ef
u
l
n
ess
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
as
k
ey
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
E
C
M
,
wh
ich
h
o
ld
s
th
at
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
is
lar
g
ely
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
alig
n
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
an
d
ac
tu
al
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
8
]
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
B
h
attac
h
er
jee
’
s
[
8
]
o
r
ig
i
n
al
E
C
M
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
wh
ile
ex
ten
d
in
g
it
to
a
m
an
d
ato
r
y
co
n
te
x
t,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
o
f
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
r
em
ai
n
o
p
er
ati
v
e
ev
e
n
wh
e
n
u
s
er
s
lack
th
e
f
r
ee
d
o
m
to
d
is
co
n
tin
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e.
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r
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ir
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esp
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T
h
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f
in
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ca
r
r
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
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eo
r
etica
l
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
licatio
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s
.
T
h
e
o
r
etica
lly
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ch
allen
g
es
th
e
p
r
e
v
ailin
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u
m
p
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t
h
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M
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d
I
SS
M
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
o
p
e
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ate
s
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cr
o
s
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n
tar
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d
m
an
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ato
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y
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n
tex
ts
.
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h
e
s
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ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
s
y
s
tem
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ality
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g
g
ests
th
at
s
ati
s
f
a
ctio
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f
o
r
m
atio
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in
m
an
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en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
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ll
o
ws
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d
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tin
ct
p
ath
way
,
o
n
e
th
at
is
m
o
r
e
h
ea
v
ily
an
ch
o
r
ed
in
tech
n
ical
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
th
a
n
in
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
d
im
en
s
io
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s
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
a
m
o
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a
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ce
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er
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ich
ea
c
h
q
u
ality
d
im
en
s
io
n
b
ec
o
m
es sa
lien
t
[
5
3
]
.
Pra
ctica
lly
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
f
er
ac
tio
n
ab
le
g
u
id
an
ce
f
o
r
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
u
n
d
e
r
tak
in
g
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
I
S
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
ts
.
Po
licy
m
ak
er
s
an
d
I
S
ar
ch
itects
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
io
r
itize
in
v
estme
n
t
i
n
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
,
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
,
an
d
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
v
er
an
cillar
y
s
er
v
ice
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
,
as
tech
n
ical
r
eliab
ilit
y
is
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
f
o
u
n
d
atio
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em
p
lo
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th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
C
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s
p
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if
ically
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th
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f
i
n
d
in
g
s
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p
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n
t
ef
f
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ld
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n
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ate
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f
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m
a
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ce
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u
es
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d
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g
in
f
o
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m
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tu
r
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o
r
s
er
v
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s
u
p
p
o
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t
ch
a
n
n
els.
Fo
r
I
T
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t,
t
h
e
d
o
m
in
an
ce
o
f
s
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u
alit
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d
icate
s
th
at
m
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d
ato
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y
d
ig
it
al
p
latf
o
r
m
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ev
alu
at
ed
n
o
t o
n
ly
o
n
f
o
r
m
al
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t c
o
m
p
letio
n
b
u
t
also
o
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e,
r
eliab
il
ity
,
in
teg
r
atio
n
s
tab
ilit
y
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
u
s
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
ical
attr
ib
u
tes
d
ir
ec
tly
s
h
ap
e
u
s
er
s
’
c
o
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
o
f
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
a
n
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
m
ak
in
g
th
em
ce
n
tr
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
p
o
s
t
-
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
I
S
s
u
cc
ess
.
Mo
r
e
b
r
o
ad
ly
,
th
e
in
te
g
r
ated
E
C
M
–
I
SS
M
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
v
alid
ate
d
in
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
r
ep
licab
le
ev
al
u
atio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
o
th
er
m
an
d
ato
r
y
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
I
S
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
ts
,
b
o
th
with
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
a
n
d
ac
r
o
s
s
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
co
u
n
tr
y
co
n
tex
ts
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
o
f
em
p
l
o
y
ee
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
C
o
r
etax
Ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
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Sy
s
tem
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
t
h
e
E
C
M
an
d
th
e
I
SS
M
.
B
ey
o
n
d
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
in
d
i
v
id
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al
h
y
p
o
th
eses
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
m
an
d
ato
r
y
I
S
ev
alu
atio
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
am
ewo
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k
s
th
at
jo
in
tly
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
tech
n
ical
s
y
s
tem
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
u
s
er
s
’
p
o
s
t
-
ad
o
p
tio
n
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
teg
r
ated
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
p
o
s
s
ess
es
s
tr
o
n
g
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
,
ex
p
lain
in
g
a
s
u
b
s
ta
n
tial
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
v
ar
ian
ce
in
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
in
a
m
an
d
ato
r
y
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
ex
am
in
ed
f
ac
to
r
s
,
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
em
er
g
ed
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
f
lu
en
tial
d
eter
m
in
an
t,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
s
h
ap
in
g
co
n
f
ir
m
a
tio
n
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
wh
ich
,
in
tu
r
n
,
d
r
iv
e
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
cr
itica
l
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
ical
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
t
em
s
m
ee
t
u
s
er
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
task
ex
ec
u
tio
n
.
I
n
m
an
d
ato
r
y
s
ettin
g
s
,
tech
n
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
b
ec
o
m
es
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
E
C
M
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
an
d
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
k
ey
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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2
0
8
8
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I
n
t J E
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&
C
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m
p
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g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
0
3
1
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2
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41
2038
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
io
r
r
esea
r
ch
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
p
o
s
t
-
ad
o
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
with
tech
n
ical
s
y
s
tem
attr
ib
u
tes p
r
o
v
id
es a
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
u
cc
ess
.
5
.
1
.
T
heo
re
t
ica
l
c
o
ntr
ibu
t
io
ns
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
to
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
liter
atu
r
e
b
y
ex
ten
d
in
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
E
C
M
-
I
SS
M
in
teg
r
atio
n
to
a
m
an
d
ato
r
y
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
co
n
te
x
t,
an
ar
ea
th
at
r
em
ain
s
r
elati
v
ely
u
n
d
er
e
x
p
lo
r
e
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
s
u
ch
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
is
n
o
t
s
o
lely
d
r
iv
en
b
y
u
s
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
b
u
t
is
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tally
an
c
h
o
r
e
d
in
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
.
T
h
is
r
ein
f
o
r
c
es
th
e
ar
g
u
m
en
t
th
at
ev
alu
a
tin
g
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
b
alan
ce
d
c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
b
o
th
tech
n
ical
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
5
.
2
.
P
ra
ct
ica
l
i
m
pli
ca
t
io
ns
Fro
m
a
m
an
ag
er
ial
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
e,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
m
an
d
ato
r
y
s
y
s
tem
s
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
io
r
itize
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
,
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
n
v
estme
n
ts
in
tech
n
ical
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
m
a
y
y
ield
g
r
ea
t
er
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
in
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
th
an
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
ex
clu
s
iv
e
ly
o
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
o
r
s
er
v
ice
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
.
E
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
s
y
s
tem
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
lity
alig
n
s
with
u
s
er
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
ess
en
tial f
o
r
m
ax
im
izin
g
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
d
ig
ital tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
itiativ
es.
5
.
3
.
L
im
it
a
t
io
ns
a
nd
f
uture
re
s
ea
rc
h
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
s
u
b
ject
to
s
ev
e
r
al
lim
itatio
n
s
th
at
o
p
en
av
en
u
es
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
First,
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
lim
its
ca
u
s
al
in
f
er
en
ce
a
n
d
th
e
ab
i
lity
to
tr
ac
k
h
o
w
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
ev
o
lv
es
as
u
s
er
s
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
f
am
iliar
with
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
o
v
er
tim
e.
L
o
n
g
it
u
d
in
al
s
tu
d
ies
tr
ac
k
in
g
u
s
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
p
h
a
s
es
wo
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
ich
er
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
p
o
s
t
-
ad
o
p
ti
o
n
d
y
n
am
ics
an
d
s
y
s
tem
ad
ap
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
s
am
p
le
is
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
a
s
in
g
le
n
atio
n
al
ag
en
c
y
(
DJP
)
,
wh
ich
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
in
ter
n
al
v
alid
ity
b
u
t
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
s
ex
ter
n
al
v
alid
ity
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
v
alid
ate
th
e
in
te
g
r
ated
E
C
M
–
I
SS
M
m
o
d
el
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
ag
en
cies,
s
u
b
n
atio
n
al
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
ts
,
a
n
d
c
r
o
s
s
-
n
atio
n
al
m
an
d
ato
r
y
I
S
co
n
tex
ts
to
estab
lis
h
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
i
r
d
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
d
o
es
n
o
t
ex
am
i
n
e
th
e
m
o
d
er
atin
g
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
d
if
f
er
e
n
c
es
s
u
ch
as
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
,
p
r
i
o
r
I
S
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
o
r
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
ten
u
r
e
,
wh
ich
m
ay
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
h
o
w
s
y
s
tem
q
u
ality
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
s
h
ap
e
c
o
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
a
n
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
I
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
s
u
ch
m
o
d
er
ato
r
s
co
u
ld
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
en
r
ich
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
ex
p
lan
ato
r
y
s
co
p
e.
Fin
ally
,
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
m
ay
co
n
s
id
er
ex
ten
d
in
g
th
e
in
teg
r
ate
d
m
o
d
e
l
to
in
clu
d
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
s
u
ch
as
tr
u
s
t
in
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t,
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
au
t
o
n
o
m
y
,
wh
ich
m
ay
b
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
s
alien
t
in
m
an
d
ato
r
y
p
u
b
lic
-
s
ec
to
r
I
S
co
n
t
ex
ts
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
t
h
u
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
o
th
a
v
alid
ated
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
an
d
a
clea
r
r
esear
ch
ag
en
d
a
f
o
r
a
d
v
an
ci
n
g
I
S
ev
alu
atio
n
th
e
o
r
y
in
co
m
p
u
ls
o
r
y
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ir
s
t
au
th
o
r
’
s
m
aster
’
s
th
esi
s
an
d
was
f
u
n
d
ed
b
y
a
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
f
r
o
m
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
Dig
ital
Af
f
air
s
o
f
th
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
e
x
p
r
ess
es
s
in
ce
r
e
g
r
atitu
d
e
f
o
r
th
e
f
in
an
c
ial
s
u
p
p
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r
t p
r
o
v
id
e
d
,
wh
ich
en
ab
led
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l c
o
m
p
letio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
wo
r
k
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
t
h
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
Dig
ital
Af
f
air
s
o
f
th
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia u
n
d
er
th
e
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
i
p
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t N
o
.
1
3
5
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L
SDM/L
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.
0
2
.
0
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8
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2
4
.
AUTHO
R
CO
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B
UT
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NS ST
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M
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N
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h
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u
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n
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th
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C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
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o
m
y
(
C
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to
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n
ize
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d
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th
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tio
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s
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r
ed
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th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
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p
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tes,
an
d
f
ac
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ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Mu
h
am
m
ad
R
o
s
y
id
R
id
lo
✓
✓
✓
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✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Mu
h
am
m
ad
Fach
r
i
Sh
an
d
ik
a
I
m
a
n
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
R
en
y
Yu
liati
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J E
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&
C
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m
p
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I
SS
N:
2088
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8
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0
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tio
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r
in
g
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s
u
cc
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f m
a
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a
to
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y
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fo
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ma
tio
n
s
ystems
… (
Mu
h
a
mma
d
R
o
s
yid
R
id
lo
)
2039
C
:
C
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p
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M
:
M
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So
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Va
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Va
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Fo
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r
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co
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cted
in
ac
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d
a
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ce
with
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elev
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t
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g
u
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h
u
m
an
p
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ts
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was
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n
tar
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in
f
o
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c
o
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s
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was
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b
tain
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f
r
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m
all
r
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d
all
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.
DATA AV
AI
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ata
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r
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o
n
d
in
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th
o
r
,
MRR
.
T
h
e
d
ata,
w
h
ich
co
n
tain
in
f
o
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m
atio
n
th
at
co
u
ld
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
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o
f
r
esear
ch
p
ar
ticip
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ts
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ar
e
n
o
t p
u
b
licly
a
v
ailab
le
d
u
e
to
ce
r
tain
r
estrictio
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
V
.
N
e
s
t
e
r
e
n
k
o
,
R
.
M
i
s
k
i
e
w
i
c
z
,
a
n
d
R
.
A
b
a
z
o
v
,
“
M
a
r
k
e
t
i
n
g
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
e
r
a
o
f
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
mat
i
o
n
,
”
Vi
r
t
u
a
l
Ec
o
n
o
m
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
7
–
7
0
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
4
0
2
1
/
v
e
.
2
0
2
3
.
0
6
.
0
1
(
4
)
.
[
2
]
Z.
V
a
n
V
e
l
d
h
o
v
e
n
a
n
d
J
.
V
a
n
t
h
i
e
n
e
n
,
“
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
a
s
a
n
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
-
d
r
i
v
e
n
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
b
u
si
n
e
ss,
so
c
i
e
t
y
,
a
n
d
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
”
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
M
a
rke
t
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
2
9
–
6
4
4
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
2
5
2
5
-
0
2
1
-
0
0
4
6
4
-
5.
[
3
]
X
.
C
h
e
w
,
R
.
A
l
h
a
r
b
i
,
K
.
W
.
K
h
a
w
,
a
n
d
A
.
A
l
n
o
o
r
,
“
H
o
w
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
s
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
t
h
e
med
i
a
t
i
n
g
r
o
l
e
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
,
”
P
S
U
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
Re
v
i
e
w
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
3
3
–
6
4
7
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/
P
R
R
-
08
-
2
0
2
1
-
0
0
4
1
.
[
4
]
N
.
R
e
n
a
l
d
o
,
S
u
h
a
r
d
j
o
,
S
u
h
a
r
t
i
,
S
u
y
o
n
o
,
a
n
d
C
e
c
i
l
i
a
,
“
B
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
a
n
d
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
sy
s
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